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A new α,β-unsaturated 7-ketone sterol, 5β,6β-epoxy-3β, 15α-dihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-7-one (1), along with five known sterone derivatives, 5β,6β-epoxy-3β,7α-dihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-15-one (2), 5β,6β-epoxy-3β,7α,9α-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-15-one (3), 3β,9α,15α-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-10(5→4)-abeo-ergosta-6,8(14),22-trien-5-one (4), 3,15-dihydroxyl-(22E,24R)-ergosta-5,8(14),22-trien-7-one (5) and (22E,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3,15-dione (6) were isolated from the mangrove-derived fungus Phomopsis sp. MGF222. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data and comparison with the data of literature. Compound 2 showed weak antibacterial activity against Micrococcus tenuis with the MIC value of 28.2 (±0.52) μM. Compound 5 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with the MIC value of 14.6 (±0.47) μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of CO(2) enrichment on growth and development of Impatiens hawkeri, an important greenhouse flower, were investigated for the purpose of providing scientific basis for CO(2) enrichment to this species in greenhouse. The plants were grown in CO(2)-controlled growth chambers with 380 (the control) and 760 (CO(2) enrichment) μmol · mol(-1), respectively. The changes in morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and leaf ultrastructure of Impatiens were examined. Results showed that CO(2) enrichment increased flower number and relative leaf area compared with the control. In addition, CO(2) enrichment significantly enhanced photosynthetic rate, contents of soluble sugars and starch, activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), but reduced chlorophyll content and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Furthermore, significant changes in chloroplast ultrastructure were observed at CO(2) enrichment: an increased number of starch grains with an expanded size, and an increased ratio of stroma thylakoid to grana thylakoid. These results suggest that CO(2) enrichment had positive effects on Impatiens, that is, it can improve the visual value, promote growth and development, and enhance antioxidant capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new α , β -unsaturated 7-ketone sterol, 5 β ,6 β -epoxy-3 β , 15 α -dihydroxy-(22 E ,24 R )-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-7-one ( 1 ), along with five known sterone derivatives, 5 β ,6 β -epoxy-3 β ,7 α -dihydroxy-(22 E ,24 R )-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-15-one ( 2 ), 5 β ,6 β -epoxy-3 β ,7 α ,9 α -trihydroxy-(22 E ,24 R )-ergosta-8(14),22-dien-15-one ( 3 ), 3 β ,9 α ,15 α -trihydroxy-(22 E ,24 R )-10(5→4)-abeo-ergosta-6,8(14),22-trien-5-one ( 4 ), 3,15-dihydroxyl-(22 E ,24 R )-ergosta-5,8(14),22-trien-7-one ( 5 ) and (22 E ,24 R )-ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3,15-dione ( 6 ) were isolated from the mangrove-derived fungus Phomopsis sp. MGF222. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data and comparison with the data of literature. Compound 2 showed weak antibacterial activity against Micrococcus tenuis with the MIC value of 28.2 (±0.52) μM. Compound 5 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with the MIC value of 14.6 (±0.47) μM.

The effects of CO(2) enrichment on growth and development of Impatiens hawkeri, an important greenhouse flower, were investigated for the purpose of providing scientific basis for CO(2) enrichment to this species in greenhouse. The plants were grown in CO(2)-controlled growth chambers with 380 (the control) and 760 (CO(2) enrichment) μmol · mol(-1), respectively. The changes in morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and leaf ultrastructure of Impatiens were examined. Results showed that CO(2) enrichment increased flower number and relative leaf area compared with the control. In addition, CO(2) enrichment significantly enhanced photosynthetic rate, contents of soluble sugars and starch, activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), but reduced chlorophyll content and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Furthermore, significant changes in chloroplast ultrastructure were observed at CO(2) enrichment: an increased number of starch grains with an expanded size, and an increased ratio of stroma thylakoid to grana thylakoid. These results suggest that CO(2) enrichment had positive effects on Impatiens, that is, it can improve the visual value, promote growth and development, and enhance antioxidant capacity.

Rainbow trout are cultured widely throughout the world for supplementation in natural ecosystems and for commercial aquaculture. In 1959 it was firstly introduced to China from Korea. After introduction from America and other countries such as Norway, Denmark, and so on, rainbow trout were now cultured in about 20 provinces in China. In this study, microsatellite DNA was employed to assess the genetic variations between 6 cultured populations of rainbow trout (American golden trout, American Donaldsons, Norway, Denmark, Finland, and Bohaizhan). The results showed that in these 6 cultured populations the average number of allele (A) was 2.89 to 4.22; average number of effective allele (Ne) was 2.15 to 2.78; the value of average observed heterozygosity (Ho) in six populations was 0.4802 to 0.6786; the value of average excepted heterozygosity (He) was 0.5052 to 0.6211; and the value of average polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.4298 to 0.5762. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis revealed that all of these 6 populations showed a remarkable genetic disequilibrium at loci AY039634, AY039638, AY0396466. Only at locus AF375034 all of 6 populations showed equilibrium. The genetic distance of six cultured populations was calculated and cluster analysis was also carried out.