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A solid-state pulsed power generator has been developed. It is based on Blumlein pulse forming network (PFN) combined with saturable pulse transformer (SPT). The primary circuit is switched by a switching unit consisting of three MOS-gated thyristors connected in parallel. The SPT functions both as a transformer to increase the voltage and as a closing switch for the secondary circuit. The PFN on the secondary side is charged by the transformer and switched by the SPT so that a pulsed output is generated on a matched load. In the demonstration experiment using one module, an output with peak voltage of ~10.4 kV and pulsewidth of ~160 ns was obtained on a resistive load of $52~\Omega $. Furthermore, three identical modules, sharing a common primary circuit, have been connected in series to demonstrate voltage adding, where a peak output voltage of ~30 kV was obtained on a load of $156~\Omega $ with energy efficiency of ~54 %. This pulsed power generator has been tested at repetition rate of 20 kHz in burst mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pulsed-power generator based on the circuit scheme of a linear transformer driver (LTD) while using solid-state switches is referred to as a solid-state LTD (SSLTD). One of the advantages of the SSLTD compared with traditional pulsed-power generators is its flexibility in the output waveform. It has potential applications to atmospheric pressure gas discharge because this kind of discharge load usually exhibits a fast-changing impedance. In this paper, a feedback control system for SSLTDs is reported. It uses a system-on-chip analog-to-digital converter combined with a field programmable gate array. By using this system, our SSLTD has the ability to automatically adjust its output waveform based on the information obtained from the previous pulse. As a result, during repetitive operation, our SSLTD can figure out the right output waveform according to a user scenario and can respond to any variation that may occur on the load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: n-3 PUFA, selenium and lutein cannot be synthesized in the human body, but these substances are very important for human health. Consuming functional eggs enriched with nutrients can increase the body's intake of these substances. To efficiently produce functional eggs, selecting breeds that can deposit higher levels of these nutrients is necessary. Therefore, we investigated the types, dosages, and cycles of additives used in the production of functional eggs. In Trial 1, we investigated the differences in n-3 PUFA deposition among five breeds of eggs. The results showed significant variations in the ability of different breeds to deposit n-3 PUFA in eggs, with Dwarf Layer demonstrating a significant advantage. In Trial 2, we investigated the difference of n-3 PUFA, selenium and lutein deposition in eggs from two reeds in terms of their ability to deposit selenium and lutein in eggs. Additionally, the n-3 PUFA content in eggs from the two breeds was similar to the findings in Trial 1. Therefore, this experiment provides valuable insights for selecting different breeds in the production of functional eggs, ultimately improving the quality and economic benefits of the production process. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in the content of functional nutrients in eggs, performance parameters, and egg quality parameters of different chicken breeds. In Trial 1, 150 41-week-old hens of each breed, including the Dwarf Layer, White Leghorn, Silky fowl, Beijing-you chicken, and Shouguang chicken, were randomly assigned to the control (CON) and 2.5% flaxseed oil (FSO) groups to compare the difference in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in eggs. The contents of α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and total n-3 PUFA in eggs were increased (p < 0.05) in the FSO groups. The ALA (4.28%), DHA (2.03%), and total n-3 PUFA (6.46%) contents in eggs of Dwarf Layer were the highest among the five breeds (p < 0.05). To further verify if other functional nutrients also have such differences, 600 24-week-old White Leghorn and Dwarf Layer were allocated to four groups: CON, FSO, 0.02% selenium-enriched yeast (SEY), and 0.20% marigold flower extract (MFE), in Trial 2. The content of functional nutrients in eggs was significantly increased (p < 0.05) after feeding these additions. After feeding FSO, the eggs of the Dwarf Layer had a higher n-3 PUFA content than the White Leghorn (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in selenium and lutein content in different breeds. Performance and egg quality were not negatively impacted by FSO, SEY, or MFE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low-voltage droop of high-voltage pulses is required to provide stable pulsed electric fields in many applications. Increasing the capacitance of energy storage capacitors increases both the size and the cost of the system. In this paper, four compensation stages based on the resonant circuit have been inserted into a 16-stage solid-state Marx generator to compensate for the voltage droop in different conditions. The nearly linear part of the sinusoidal voltage is precisely added to the load during discharging as compensation, and the rectangular pulsed voltage with little droop can be realized. Different numbers of compensation stages and different resonant inductances can compensate the droop to different levels, which means the compensation effect is also adjustable. Moreover, these compensation stages can operate as common stages in Marx generators as long as we open-circuit the resonant circuits. Since the capacitors in resonant compensation stages are also charged in parallel with capacitors in common stages, no auxiliary power supply is required. Simulating and experimental results show that the droop of a 9 kV pulse can be ideally compensated over a 500 Ω resistive load at various pulse widths. The pulse width should be shorter than the length of the nearly linear part of the sinusoidal voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of egg consumption in China and the production of functional eggs, and finally enrich the types of shell egg products. Trial 1 explored the influence of egg quality on Chinese consumers' willingness to purchase eggs through a questionnaire, which investigated 1,317 consumers' preferences for egg appearance, factors influencing egg purchase, and purchase of functional eggs. The results showed that about 65% of respondents ate more than 4 eggs per wk, pink eggs were the most popular in China, about 65% of consumers preferred eggs with an egg weight of 48 to 58 grams. For functional eggs, 75.32% of consumers have never heard of them. Preferences for eggshell color and yolk color varied by geographic region, with darker colors preferred in Northeast China. Based on the survey results of functional eggs consumption in Trial 1, the dwarf layers of China Agricultural University were used in Trial 2 to produce functional eggs. The eggs are small and pink in color, which is in line with the preferences of Chinese consumers. Three hundred dwarf layers were divided into 4 groups, using the linseed oil added, marigold extract added, and yeast selenium added diets to produce normal, n-3 fatty acid-enriched, lutein-enriched and selenium-enriched eggs by feeding for 28 d, determined the eggs' nutrient content and egg quality. The results showed that the n-3 fatty acid, lutein and selenium contents of the eggs of dwarf layers were significantly increased by changing the diets and did not affect the egg weight, eggshell strength, Haugh units or the proportion of egg parts. The results of this study are helpful to understand the trend of egg consumption preferences in China, and on this basis to produce functional eggs that meet the consumers' expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]