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AIM: To investigate the long-term changes of corneal densitometry (CD) and its contributing elements after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). METHODS: Totally 31 eyes of 31 patients with mean spherical equivalent of -6.46±1.50 D and mean age 28.23±7.38y were enrolled. Full-scale examinations were conducted on all patients preoperatively and during follow-up. Visual acuity, manifest refraction, axial length, corneal thickness, corneal higher-order aberrations, and CD were evaluated. RESULTS: All surgeries were completed successfully without complications or adverse events. Ten-year safety index was 1.17±0.20 and efficacy 1.04±0.28. CD value of 0–6 mm zones in central layer was statistically significantly lower 10y postoperatively, compared with preoperative values (0–2 mmΔ=-1.62, 2–6 mmΔ=-1.24, P

IntroductionGlobal warming is caused by greenhouse gases (GHGs). It has been found that the release of methane (CH4) from Arctic permafrost, soil, ocean, and sediment is closely related to microbial composition and soil factors resulting from warming over several months or years. However, it is unclear for how long continuous warming due to global warming affects the microbial composition and GHG release from soils along Arctic glacial meltwater rivers.MethodsIn this study, the soil upstream of the glacial meltwater river (GR) and the estuary (GR-0) in Svalbard, with strong soil heterogeneity, was subjected to short-term field incubation at 2°C (in situ temperature), 10°C, and 20°C. The incubation was carried out under anoxic conditions and lasted for few days. Bacterial composition and CH4 production potential were determined based on high-throughput sequencing and physiochemical property measurements.ResultsOur results showed no significant differences in bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy number, bacterial composition, and methanogenic potential, as measured by mcrA gene copy number and CH4 concentration, during a 7- and 13-day warming field incubation with increasing temperatures, respectively. The CH4 concentration at the GR site was higher than that at the GR-0 site, while the mcrA gene was lower at the GR site than that at the GR-0 site.DiscussionBased on the warming field incubation, our results indicate that short-term warming, which is measured in days, affects soil microbial composition and CH4 concentration less than the spatial scale, highlighting the importance of warming time in influencing CH4 release from soil. In summary, our research implied that microbial composition and CH4 emissions in soil warming do not increase in the first several days, but site specificity is more important. However, emissions will gradually increase first and then decrease as warming time increases over the long term. These results are important for understanding and exploring the GHG emission fluxes of high-latitude ecosystems under global warming.

Abstract We aimed to identify the immune and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway related feature lncRNAs to construct the diagnostic nomograms for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Two AIS-associated expression profiles GSE16561 and GSE22255 were downloaded from NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus, the former was the training set and the latter was the validation set. The differential expression genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) related to TLR signaling pathway were identified between AIS and control groups. The single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was applied to evaluate the immune infiltration. The immune and TLR signaling pathway related DElncRNAs were determined. Three optimization algorithms were utilized to select the immune and TLR signaling pathway related feature lncRNAs to construct the diagnostic nomograms of AIS. Based on the lncRNA signature, a ceRNA network was constructed. 37 DEGs and 28 DElncRNAs related to TLR signaling pathway were identified in GSE16561. 16 immune cell types exhibited significant differences in distribution between AIS and control groups. 28 immune and TLR signaling pathway related DElncRNAs were determined. 8 immune and TLR signaling pathway related feature lncRNAs were selected. The diagnostic nomograms of AIS performed well in both datasets. A ceRNA network was constructed consisting of 7 immune and TLR signaling pathway related feature lncRNAs as well as 19 AIS related miRNAs and 21 TLR signaling pathway related genes. LINC00173, LINC01089, LINC02210, MIR600HG, SNHG14, TP73-AS1, LINC00680 and CASC2 may be the potential biomarkers of AIS diagnosis, and TLR signaling pathway may be a promising immune related therapeutic target for AIS.

Atmospheric corrosion has a significant impact on the safe operation of power transmission and transformation equipment in power grids.At present，the atmospheric corrosion resistance and anti-corrosion technology of steel widely used in the field of power transmission and transformation equipment cannot meet power grid construction and long service life requirements.In this paper，current situation of atmospheric corrosion of power transmission and transformation equipment was described first，then the influence of environmental parameters such as atmospheric composition，atmospheric relative humidity，temperature，chemical composition and microstructure of steel on the corrosion rate and corrosion mechanism of power grid equipment were pointed out.Furthermore，combined with the atmospheric environment conditions in Guizhou province，the key problems to be solved in the application of weathering steel in Guizhou power grid were analyzed.Finally，it was proposed that through on-site exposure test，accelerated test and development of on-line monitoring technology，not only massive corrosion data could be collected，corrosion rating could be achieved and a complete atmospheric corrosion grade map could be established，but also the corrosion mechanism of weathering steel in a specific atmospheric environment could be obtained by combining big data processing and machine learning methods to provide technical support for the safe operation of weathering steel in power grid equipment instead of ordinary carbon steel and related equipment.

Abstract Background De Winter electrocardiograph (ECG) pattern is an atypical presentation of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to severe stenosis of the left anterior descending (LAD). Complications of acute aortic dissection (AD) in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with de Winter sign are relatively rare and physicians may easily miss the diagnosis of AD. We report a case of patient with acute chest pain and de Winter ECG pattern due to AD involving the left main coronary artery (LM), LAD and left circumflex artery (LCX). Case presentation A 57-year-old male patient was initially diagnosed with AMI and then the diagnosis of acute AD was supported by transthoracic echocardiograph (TTE). After two stents were implanted respectively into the proximal LM-LAD and LM-LCX, he recovered from cardiogenic shock. Two months later, the patient underwent the surgery of ascending aorta replacement. After the surgery, there was no obvious chest discomfort during follow-up. Conclusions When an ECG shows a “de Winter pattern”, we should also consider the possibility of AD which result in LAD occlusion. TTE is a useful tool in screening for AD. Further research is needed to prove that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may be a useful treatment strategy in the case of AD leading to severe LAD occlusion and unstable hemodynamics when there’s no condition to perform aortic replacement surgery immediately.

Abstract Background The third-generation streamlined liner of the pharynx airway (SLIPA-3G) is a new-generation supraglottic airway device (SAD) that is non-cuffed and disposable, with a sealing pressure that varies dynamically with the airway pressure. This study compared the SLIPA-3G with the laryngeal mask airway supreme (LMAS) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods Two hundred and twenty patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly allocated to either the SLIPA-3G group or the LMAS group. Data were collected on the patients’ hemodynamic parameters at different time points, ease of insertion, fiberoptic view, oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) at different time points and SAD-related complications. Results The mean OLP immediately after device placement in the LMAS group was significantly higher than that of the SLIPA-3G group (31.34 ± 6.99 cmH2O vs.28.94 ± 6.01 cmH2O, P = 0.008, 95% CI 0.62–4.17). The OLPs of the two groups were not significantly different after the induction of a pneumoperitoneum until the end of surgery. The OLP increased gradually through the course of the operation in the SLIPA-3G group (P value = 0.035) but not in the LMAS group (P value = 0.945). There was no significant difference between the two groups in hemodynamic parameters, insertion time and success rate, fiberoptic view and complication rate. Conclusions The SLIPA-3G and LMAS were associated with comparable OLPs, hemodynamic parameters, ease of insertion, fiberoptic views and complication rates when used during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The SLIPA-3G can be used as an effective alternative to the LMAS in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries.

Liver transplantation (LT) can benefit the long-term survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. We hypothesized that circulating tumor cell (CTC) levels and subtypes are intimately associated with metastasis status of HCC patients. This study was designed to test that compositive hematological indices including CTC can provide a prediction of post-LT metastasis.

In this paper, the mobile robot position fusion algorithm is inaccurate. There is a delay, and the map-construction accuracy is not high; an improvement method is proposed. First, the Cartographer algorithm is optimized. Radius filtering is used for data processing after voxel filtering. In contrast, the idea of multi-sensor fusion is used to fuse the processed IMU data information. This improved method improves the efficiency of the algorithm and the accuracy of the positional pose fusion. We verify the effect of the algorithm applied to the environment map, respectively, in the experimental building promenade environment and the teaching building hall environment, and analyze and compare the effect of map construction before and after the improvement; the experiment proves that in the experimental building promenade environment, the absolute error of measuring and analyzing the obstacles reduces by 0.06 m, and the relative error decreases by 1.63%; in the teaching building hall environment, the absolute error of measuring and analyzing the longest side of the map decreases by 1.121 m and the relative error decreased by 5.52%. In addition, during the experimental operation, the CPU occupancy of the optimized algorithm is around 59.5%. In contrast, the CPU occupancy of the original algorithm is 67% on average, and sometimes it will soar to 75%. The experimental results prove that the algorithm in this paper significantly improves performance in all aspects when constructing real-time environment maps.

Estuarine and coastal area is dynamic zone for both marine carbon and oxygen cycles. There is limited evaluation of the labile and refractory fraction of sedimentary organic carbon and further a lack of attention to the corresponding potential in dissolved oxygen utilization. In this study, we collected sediment samples from the Changjiang estuary and adjacent coastal areas in the East China Sea in June 2019 to reveal the distribution, main controlling factor, and implications of four operational fractions of sediment organic carbon that range from labile to refraction. In the laboratory, we processed and defined the four operational fractions of sedimentary organic carbon, includes 1) pure water extractable carbon (WEC), 2) salt (K2SO4 solution) extractable carbon (SEC), 3) Microbial biomass carbon (MBC; chloroform extractable carbon), and 4) refractory organic carbon (ROC; the acid-processed fraction). We revealed that off the Changjiang Estuary, the bulk sedimentary organic carbon (SOC), WEC, SEC, MBC, and ROC were 9.43 ± 3.07 g/kg, 0.12 ± 0.10 g/kg, 0.16 ± 0.07 g/kg, 1.58 ± 0.45 g/kg, and 4.38 ± 1.95 g/kg, respectively. Sediment grain size played a vital role in constraining the LOC fractions, and samples from aquaculture areas showed extra-higher levels of LOC when compared to samples from the non-aquaculture area. The LOC and MBC fraction showed clear negative relation with dissolved oxygen (DO) in the near bottom waters under high DO background (DO > 5.5 mg/L), whereas in a low DO background (DO < 3-4 mg/L) no clear relation can be found. Based on our observed LOC content and DO concentration in the near bottom waters, the depth of hypoxia in the near bottom waters, which would be caused by a total decomposition of 4 mm of LOC in the top sediment, ranged between 0.3 m to 4.7 m with an average depth of 2 m. This value (2 m) means that sedimentary oxygen consumption would contribute 10% in the occurrence of hypoxia, with the rest contributing from water column respiration. Overall, we used the LOC fraction of sedimentary organic carbon to address the dissolved oxygen consumption in the near bottom waters and further study is needed to evaluate this approach.

Using Green and carbon-free energy sources is a new concept in the energy conversion, power generation, and energy management framework. Since there is a relatively small number of neural network applications in the field of fuel cells, especially in the case of solid oxide fuel cells, this work adopts the Artificial Neural Network model for modeling aims according to the empirical datasets. Besides, a new optimization method is applied to optimize the solid oxide fuel cell efficiency. The grey wolf optimizer with fast, robust, and simple features is applied to obtain the optimal operational variables of solid oxide fuel cells. The key operational parameters used for the optimization comprise the thickness of the anode support layer, the porosity of the anode layer, the thickness of the electrolyte layer, and the thickness of the cathode layer. The modeling results compared to the laboratory that confirms the ability of the artificial neural network model and optimization method in parameter identification. Two case study optimization procedure was assessed. Firstly, the variables optimized under the operational temperature of 800 °C and the values of 19 μm, 0.52 mm, 62.16 μm, and 75% are obtained for the electrolyte layer thickness, anode support layer thickness, cathode thickness, and anode support layer porosity, respectively. For the second case study, the power density based on the suggested method maximized up to 28% compared to the experimental results.