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Purpose: The impact of COVID-19 on education management and leadership, particularly in higher educational institutions, has been significant. These institutions used to offer in-person education before the pandemic. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, HEIs were compelled to temporarily close or transition to online classes. The situation divided the world of education into two clear categories: those with sufficient IT resources to fully support online education and those with limited resources that could only partially do so. Countries that have well-established internet infrastructure are able to operate more efficiently compared to those that experience frequent disruptions. Method: This study utilised a mixed-methods approach. Questionnaires were distributed to collect primary data. A total of 367 universities from Asian countries were included in the sample, out of a total of 5984 universities. Data from the IMF, United Nations (UN), and World Bank was collected for this study. The study employed SEM analysis using PLS SMART software to analyse the variables. Findings: With the assistance of IT, students encountered a lack of in-person interactions due to both full and partial support. Students who had limited access to IT resources encountered greater challenges. Efficient management of online education requires adeptness in agile management and leadership. Thus, the success of universities differed based on managerial expertise, leadership, and utilisation of IT. Currently, we find ourselves in the post-COVID-19 era, where there has been a significant shift towards on-campus education, as well as a combination of online and in-person learning modes. Implication of Research and Practice: The study suggests that effective management and leadership are crucial for ensuring quality education, with technology playing a significant moderating role. The future of education lies in a hybrid model that effectively incorporates IT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To propose a new memory type estimator of Population Mean in two phase simple random sampling with one auxiliary using EWMA for time scaled surveys and to compare the proposed estimator with related previous estimator. Using Two-Phase Sampling technique, a generalized difference-cum-ratio type estimator has been proposed for estimating the population mean. The expressions for bias and mean square error of proposed estimator have been obtained. The conditions under which proposed estimator is better than the regression estimator and mean per unit estimator have also been obtained. Simulation study has also been done to support the results by generating data. Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) statistic is a memory type statistic that used present and past information to estimate the population parameter. This study utilizes EWMA statistic to propose a ratio and product estimator for the surveys based on time scale. The usual ratio and product estimators consist of only current sample information, whereas the proposed estimators contains of current as well as past sample information. The mean square error expressions of the proposed estimators are derived and mathematical conditions are established to prove the efficiency of proposed estimators. It is revealed from the results of simulation study that utilization of the past samples information excels the performance of estimator in terms of efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship has seen one of the major growths in Pakistan, in fact, just last year, the country ranked as 4th in the World for the highest ratio of startups and small businesses. With many new campaigns and programs in support for new and thriving business ideas for youth by the government and tax wagers, the market has seen a significant growth in the last few years however the sustainability and effectiveness hasn’t grown alongside. One of the major reasons is the ineffective marketing strategies that small businesses implement due to their lack of exposure to understanding the industry. Another hypothesis that can be reached is the effect of Covid in the recent months especially since last year that has brought a huge downturn in the industry and has significantly damaged the state of existing as well as new SMEs in its duration. Our study adopted a simple questionnaire through which we tested and found out the insight and learned how ineffective marketing has affected businesses everywhere resulting in business failures and bankruptcy, along with the current Covid situation that has driven many SMEs to forced closure. Through this study, many rising businesses in their initiation phase will learn the keys to rescuing a failing business specially through recognizing the importance of marketing and its latest trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past ten years, sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) attach great importance due to consumers, for-profit and profitless organizations, laws and regulations to the social and corporate responsibilities of consumers, so it has been recognized by practitioners and scholars. Supplier selection, environmental effect like a lockdown, and social cooperation and other SSCM programs can play an important part in realizing the triple bottom line (TBL) of economic, environmental, social assistances. In supply chain management (SCM), the sustainable supplier selection (SSS) and firm performance plays an important role. Traditionally, when evaluating SSS performance, organizations will consider a new framework to obtain the overall criteria/ sub-criteria of the sustainability index by encapsulating sustainability. In this paper 12 sub-criteria for 3 pillars of sustainability as economic, environment and social performance is collected. Although there are many articles on SSS and evaluation, so far, research on sustainability issues is very limited. This study endeavours to propose a fuzzy multi-criteria approach to discuss SSCM planning, and studies the issue of determining a current model for SSS in the supply chain during COVID-19 based on the TBL method. For express the linguistic value of the subjective preference of experts we use triangular fuzzy numbers. By using fuzzy numbers to find standard weights for qualitative performance evaluation, then fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is proposed to find the ranking of SSS. However, COVID-19 has a negative role in SSS and in firm performance. The situation of lockdown due to COVID-19 has a negative effect on the performance of the organizations. An example is given of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]