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Abstract Beam shaping and polarization manipulation are of great importance for the design of microcavity lasers. Recently, topological photonic cavities have emerged as excellent platforms for surface-emitting lasers. In this class of lasers, beam engineering has not thus far been extensively studied. Here, we demonstrate how to achieve an intrinsic lateral shift of the beam emitted by a topological laser. This is achieved by designing a Kekulé-modulated topological bulk cavity, in which the continuous Kekulé modulation partially lifts a set of fourfold-degenerate Dirac cones into two twofold degeneracies. The resulting photonic cavity supports a range of interesting beam emission profiles, including vector beams with polarization winding, and laterally-shifted linearly-polarized Gaussian beams. It is possible to achieve lateral beam shifts in opposite directions and orthogonal polarizations for the degenerate photonic p-/d-orbitals, a feature that may be useful for photonic sensing applications.

The escalating challenges in water treatment, exacerbated by climate change, have catalyzed the emergence of innovative solutions. Novel adsorption separation and membrane filtration methodologies, achieved through molecular structure manipulation, are gaining traction in the environmental and energy sectors. Separation technologies, integral to both the chemical industry and everyday life, encompass concentration and purification processes. Macrocycles, recognized as porous materials, have been prevalent in water treatment due to their inherent benefits: stability, adaptability, and facile modification. These structures typically exhibit high selectivity and reversibility for specific ions or molecules, enhancing their efficacy in water purification processes. The progression of purification methods utilizing macrocyclic frameworks holds promise for improved adsorption separations, membrane filtrations, resource utilization, and broader water treatment applications. This review encapsulates the latest breakthroughs in macrocyclic host-guest chemistry, with a focus on adsorptive and membrane separations. The aim is to spotlight strategies for optimizing macrocycle designs and their subsequent implementation in environmental and energy endeavors, including desalination, elemental extraction, seawater energy harnessing, and sustainable extraction. Hopefully, this review can guide the design and functionality of macrocycles, offering a significantly promising pathway for pollutant removal and resource utilization.

Land reclamation in mining areas is an inevitable measure to accelerate the restoration of biodiversity, promote the transformation and development of mining areas, and realize the transformation of carbon sources into carbon sinks. There are few studies focused on the quantitative assessment of carbon sink capacity and biodiversity restoration of artificial ecosystems and their synergistic effects in reclaimed lands. The dumps in Heidaigou open-pit mining area of Jungar Banner was taken as the research area, and the carbon sinks of vegetation and soil of the reclaimed land were calculated by combining the sample plot survey and remote sensing data. Grey correlation analysis was carried out for each region under different restoration modes to assess the synergy between the biodiversity maintenance function and carbon sequestration capacity of artificial ecosystems of reclaimed land. The results showed that: ①The area proportions of extremely important, highly important, important, average and unimportant biodiversity in the research area were 2.28%, 8.29%, 15.67%, 25.27% and 48.50% respectively. In the artificial ecosystem of reclaimed land, the biodiversity index of trees + shrubs + herbs was higher than other vegetation restoration models, which was mainly located in the inner dump, the middle of the north dump, and the middle and south of the east side dump. The important value of biodiversity maintenance function of forest land in artificial ecosystem was higher than other land use types, and most of them were located on slope or platform edge. ②The top 9 regions in terms of vegetation carbon sink were in trees + shrubs + hers restoration mode, and the average carbon sink of this vegetation restoration model (32.224 g/(m2·a)) was higher than that of other vegetation restoration models. The average soil carbon sink of tree + herbaceous vegetation restoration mode was the highest (18.164 g/(m2·a)), followed by tree + shrub + herbaceous restoration mode (16.909 g/(m2·a)). The vegetation carbon sink (5.897 g/(m2·a)) and soil carbon sink (6.237 g/(m2·a)) under the herbaceous vegetation restoration model (mainly located in the east and north dumps) were the lowest among all restoration models. The carbon sink capacity of reclaimed land was in the trend of forest ecosystem > farmland ecosystem > grassland ecosystem. ③The grey correlation index between vegetation and soil carbon sink and the assessment results of biodiversity maintenance were 0.735 and 0.710, respectively, showing a significant correlation. The vegetation carbon sink increased with the species richness index and diversity index. The increased altitude and the reclamation period led to the greater soil carbon sink.

ObjectivesOropouche virus (OROV) causes systemic infections including the nervous and blood systems, posing a significant and growing public health challenge. However, a comprehensive review of the bibliometric analysis of OROV is still lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study was to provide insight into the research dynamics and current hotspots of OROV.MethodsThis study used bibliometric analysis to explore the current status of research related to OROV. 148 publications from 1961 to 2024 were retrieved from the Scopus database. Countries, authors, institutions, journals, references, and keywords were visualized using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, R studio, and Bibliometrix. Microsoft Excel was used for statistical analysis.ResultsBrazil is the country with the highest number of publications, total cited frequency, and the most extensive international collaboration. The most popular journal in this field is the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Instituto Evandro Chagas is the institution with the highest number of publications, and Eurico Arruda is involved in the highest number of publications. Keyword co-occurrence analysis showed that Oropouche bunyavirus, virology, bunyavirus, priority journal, and nucleotide sequence are the main research hotspots in this field.ConclusionOur study provides a comprehensive overview of the research trends and key areas of focus in OROV. The field is currently experiencing rapid growth, as evidenced by the rising number of annual publications, which not only highlights increased research activity but also lays a solid foundation for further in-depth investigations. This trend offers valuable insights for developing effective strategies for outbreak prevention and control in public health. Presently, researchers are concentrating on the detailed study of Bunyavirus infections, employing both virological and genetic approaches to elucidate their complex pathogenic mechanisms.

Identification of the S genotype of Malus plants will greatly promote the discovery of new genes, the cultivation and production of apple, the breeding of new varieties, and the origin and evolution of self-incompatibility in Malus plants. In this experiment, 88 Malus germplasm resources, such as Aihuahong, Xishuhaitang, and Reguanzi, were used as materials. Seven gene-specific primer combinations were used in the genotype identification. PCR amplification using leaf DNA produced a single S-RNase gene fragment in all materials. The results revealed that 70 of the identified materials obtained a complete S-RNase genotype, while only one S-RNase gene was found in 18 of them. Through homology comparison and analysis, 13 S-RNase genotypes were obtained: S1S2 (Aihuahong, etc.), S1S28 (Xixian Haitang, etc.), S1S51 (Hebei Pingdinghaitang), S1S3 (Xiangyangcun Daguo, etc.), S2S3 (Zhaiyehaitang, etc.), S3S51 (Xishan 1), S3S28 (Huangselihaerde, etc.), S2S28 (Honghaitang, etc.), S4S28 (Bo 11), S7S28 (Jiuquan Shaguo), S10Se (Dongchengguan 13), S10S21 (Dongxiangjiao) and SeS51 (Xiongyue Haitang). Simultaneously, the frequency of the S gene in the tested materials was analyzed. The findings revealed that different S genes had varying frequencies in Malus resources, as well as varying frequencies between intraspecific and interspecific. S3 had the highest frequency of 68.18%, followed by S1 (42.04%). In addition, the phylogenetic tree and origin evolution analysis revealed that the S gene differentiation was completed prior to the formation of various apple species, that cultivated species also evolved new S genes, and that the S50 gene is the oldest S allele in Malus plants. The S1, S29, and S33 genes in apple-cultivated species, on the other hand, may have originated in M. sieversii, M. hupehensis, and M. kansuensis, respectively. In addition to M. sieversii, M. kansuensis and M. sikkimensis may have also played a role in the origin and evolution of some Chinese apples.

Abstract Background A minute fraction of patients stands to derive substantial benefits from immunotherapy, primarily attributable to immune evasion. Our objective was to formulate a predictive signature rooted in genes associated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte evasion (CERGs), with the aim of predicting outcomes and discerning immunotherapeutic response in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods 101 machine learning algorithm combinations were applied to calculate the CERGs prognostic index (CERPI) under the cross−validation framework, and patients with CRC were separated into high− and low−CERPI groups. Relationship between immune cell infiltration levels, immune−related scores, malignant phenotypes and CERPI were further analyzed. Various machine learning methods were used to identify key genes related to both patient survival and immunotherapy benefits. Expression of HOXC6, G0S2, and MX2 was evaluated and the effects of HOXC6 and G0S2 on the viability and migration of a CRC cell line were in−vitro verified. Results The CERPI demonstrated robust prognostic efficacy in predicting the overall survival of CRC patients, establishing itself as an independent predictor of patient outcomes. The low−CERPI group exhibited elevated levels of immune cell infiltration and lower scores for tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion, indicative of a greater potential benefit from immunotherapy. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between CERPI levels and malignant tumor phenotypes, suggesting that heightened CERPI expression contributes to both the occurrence and progression of tumors. Thirteen key genes were identified, and their expression patterns were scrutinized through the analysis of single−cell datasets. Notably, HOXC6, G0S2, and MX2 exhibited upregulation in both CRC cell lines and tissues. Subsequent knockdown experiments targeting G0S2 and HOXC6 resulted in a significant suppression of CRC cell viability and migration. Conclusion We developed the CERPI for effectively predicting survival and response to immunotherapy in patients, and these results may provide guidance for CRC diagnosis and precise treatment.

Polyphenols are important functional components that have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Apple fruit is rich in polyphenols and is one of the dietary sources of polyphenols. The polyphenol components and contents of the peel and pulp of 74 Malus sieversii (Led.) Roem. and 26 Chinese Malus germplasm resources were determined using ultra-high-phase chromatography (UPLC) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The results showed that 34 components were detected in the peel and 30 in the flesh, and that the polyphenol components and contents of the different germplasm resources were significantly different; the polyphenol content of Malus sieversii (Led.) Roem. was significantly higher than that of the other local varieties, and the polyphenol content in the peel was also higher than that in the flesh. Rutin, quercetin 3-O-arabopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, and peonidin 3-O-galactoside were detected only in the peel. The total polyphenol content in the peel ranged from 949.76 to 5840.06 mg/kg, and the polyphenol content in the pulp ranged from 367.31 to 5123.10 mg/kg. The cluster analysis of polyphenol components and contents in peel and pulp showed that 100 Malus germplasm resources could be grouped into four categories. Principal component analysis of 34 kinds and 30 kinds of polyphenols in peel and pulp of 100 resources was performed. If the eigenvalue is greater than 1, eight and seven principal components are extracted, respectively. Five Malus resources with high polyphenol content in the peel and pulp were selected: ‘XY-77’ (peel: 5840.06 mg/kg, pulp: 5123.10 mg/kg; ‘LF-09’ (peel: 4692.63 mg/kg, pulp: 3729.79 mg/kg); ‘2012-5’ (peel: 4377.61 mg/kg, pulp: 3847.54 mg/kg); ‘29028’ (peel: 5088.05 mg/kg, pulp: 3994.61 mg/kg); and ‘11-01’ (peel: 5154.45 mg/kg, pulp: 3616.15 mg/kg). These results provide us with information regarding the polyphenol composition and content of the wild apple resources and local cultivars. The high polyphenol content resources obtained by screening can be used as raw materials for the extraction of polyphenol components and functional fruit juice processing and can also be used as parents for functional fruit creation and variety breeding.

‘Binzi’ (BZ) (Malus domestica subsp. chinensis var. binzi Li Y.N.) and ‘Xiangguo’ (XG) (Malus domestica subsp. chinensis var. xiangguo Li Y.N.) are the ancient cultivars in China. The BZ fruits have a low-fragrant flavor on harvest day but a high-fragrant flavor after storage at room temperature, while the XG fruits have a stronger flavor when mature. ‘Starking’ (SK) and ‘Golden Delicious’ (GD) fruits have a rich flavor and are recognized by all countries in the world. However, information on the differences between ancient Chinese cultivars and Western apple cultivars in aroma compounds remains unknown. The apple fruits were collected for continuous two years. Aroma compounds in the skin and pulp of the fruits were detected at room temperature (20 ± 1 °C) during storage. The dynamics of VOCs in BZ and SK fruits were more similarly reflected in esters, while those of XG and GD fruits were reflected in aldehydes and alcohols. Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, with an extremely low odor threshold, was the main source of typical apple flavor in SK, BZ, and XG fruits, while hexyl acetate was the source of the banana flavor in GD fruits. 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and β-damascenone were the important ketones produced in the later stage of storage, derived from the carotenoid metabolism pathway and providing a citrus and rose flavor to the four apple cultivars. SK had the highest number of characteristic aroma components, which were mainly derived from the amino acid metabolism pathway, providing fruits with a sweet and fruity flavor. Although the characteristic aroma components of GD were derived from the fatty acid metabolic pathway, the number of volatile esters was lower. Ethyl butyrate, derived from the saturated fatty acid metabolism, had the highest content in BZ, providing a pineapple flavor; the flavor of XG was mainly derived from ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and β-damascenone. Therefore, we suggest BZ and XG apples as the aroma-breeding material with which to enrich new cultivars’ aroma components, derived from the fatty acid metabolism and carotenoid metabolism pathways, respectively.

A two-stage robust planning method for energy storage in distribution networks based on load prediction is proposed to address the uncertainty of active load in energy storage planning. First, considering the uncertainty of active load, a short-term load forecasting model combining the mutual information method and BiLSTM is established based on k-means++ clustering. Second, based on the results of load forecasting, a comprehensive norm-constrained uncertainty set is constructed, and a two-stage robust model for distribution network energy storage planning is established. The first stage aims to minimize the annual investment cost of the energy storage system, while the second stage aims to minimize the daily operating cost of the distribution network. At the same time, a second-order cone relaxation transformation model with non-convex constraints is introduced to ultimately achieve the optimal economy of the distribution network in energy storage planning. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method and model is validated on the IEEE 33-node distribution network model using the MATLAB platform.

In this paper, the effect of micro-dimple textures (produced by a laser) on the tribological properties of bearings is investigated. This study offers guidelines to reduce the friction torque of the bearing pair and addresses the problem of difficult start-ups after shutdowns. Micro-pits with different texture diameters and depths were machined on the surface of journal bearings. Then, the impact of several different texture parameters on the tribological performance of the bearing pairs was studied using an orthogonal experimental design. Subsequently, the surface morphology of the bearings before and after the friction and wear test was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS). These observations were then used to determine the type/state of friction and wear, which also improves our understanding of how texture affects the service life of bearings. The results indicate that the bearings’ micro-pit surface hardness follows an approximate parabolic spatial distribution that decreases along the micro-pit wall. Furthermore, the laser processing of surface textures was found to cause hardening in certain areas, and the chemical composition of elemental carbon and oxygen at the inner surface of processed bearings increased by 31.1% and 7.9%, respectively. Moreover, abrasive wear was identified as the primary form of wear. The textured surface’s antifriction mechanism primarily functioned to trap particles, which acted as a secondary lubrication source and altered the lubrication states by serving as a medium for supplied lubricants. The results confirm that a suitable selection of texture parameters can not only effectively reduce the friction coefficient without shortening the service life of the bearing pair but also facilitate the smooth start-up of the rotor–bearing system.

We used 256 apple germplasm resources for a thorough examination of the genetic diversity associated with 26 phenotypic traits (i.e., genetic diversity analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and membership function). The average coefficient of variation for 12 morphological traits was 66.39% (21.10–201.5%). The coefficient of variation was highest and lowest for the fruit arris and the width of the eye basin, respectively. Additionally, the diversity index ranged from 0.54 to 1.33. Moreover, the coefficient of variation for 14 numerical traits varied from 5.37% to 50%. The titratable acid content had the highest coefficient of variation, with a diversity index ranging from 2.01 to 2.08 (average of 2.045). A cluster analysis categorized 256 germplasms into four groups, among which Group I included germplasms with large fruits and the best comprehensive performance. Of the top 10 principal components revealed by the principal component analysis, principal component 1 was mainly related to fruit size and flavor. The top 10 germplasms were selected on the basis of comprehensive scores using the membership function method. Furthermore, a stepwise regression analysis identified 15 key traits for identifying apple germplasms, including the vegetative growth day, fruit weight, and the firmness of the fruit without skin. These results can serve as the foundation for future analyses of the phenotypic diversity of apple germplasms, while also providing a theoretical basis for screening, characterizing, and further improving excellent apple germplasms.

Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are actin-rich intercellular conduits that mediate distant cell-to-cell communication and enable the transfer of various cargos, including proteins, organelles, and virions. They play vital roles in both physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we focus on TNTs in different types of viruses, including retroviruses such as HIV, HTLV, influenza A, herpesvirus, paramyxovirus, alphavirus and SARS-CoV-2. We summarize the viral proteins responsible for inducing TNT formation and explore how these virus-induced TNTs facilitate intercellular communication, thereby promoting viral spread. Furthermore, we highlight other virus infections that can induce TNT-like structures, facilitating the dissemination of viruses. Moreover, TNTs promote intercellular spread of certain viruses even in the presence of neutralizing antibodies and antiviral drugs, posing significant challenges in combating viral infections. Understanding the mechanisms underlying viral spread via TNTs provides valuable insights into potential drug targets and contributes to the development of effective therapies for viral infections.

Nowadays, more people are choosing to use cloud storage services to save space and reduce costs. To enhance the durability and persistence, users opt to store important data in the form of multiple copies on cloud servers. However, outsourcing data in the cloud means that it is not directly under the control of users, raising concerns about security and integrity. Recent research has found that most existing multicopy integrity verification schemes can correctly perform integrity verification even when multiple copies are stored on the same Cloud Service Provider (CSP), which clearly deviates from the initial intention of users wanting to store files on multiple CSPs. With these considerations in mind, this paper proposes a scheme for synchronizing the integrity verification of copies, specifically focusing on strongly privacy Internet of Things (IoT) electronic health record (EHR) data. First, the paper addresses the issues present in existing multicopy integrity verification schemes. The scheme incorporates the entity Cloud Service Manager (CSM) to assist in the model construction, and each replica file is accompanied with its corresponding homomorphic verification tag. To handle scenarios where replica files stored on multiple CSPs cannot provide audit proof on time due to objective reasons, the paper introduces a novel approach called probability audit. By incorporating a probability audit, the scheme ensures that replica files are indeed stored on different CSPs and guarantees the normal execution of the public auditing phase. The scheme utilizes identity-based encryption (IBE) for the detailed design, avoiding the additional overhead caused by dealing with complex certificate issues. The proposed scheme can withstand forgery attack, replace attack, and replay attack, demonstrating strong security. The performance analysis demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme.

The phenomenon of melting in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has recently garnered attention. Crystalline MOF materials can be transformed into an amorphous glassy state through melt-quenching treatment. The resulting MOF glass structure eliminates grain boundaries and retains short-range order while exhibiting long-range disorder. Based on these properties, it emerges as a promising candidate for high-performance separation membranes. MOF glass membranes exhibit permanent and accessible porosity, allowing for selective adsorption of different gas species. This review summarizes the melting mechanism of MOFs and explores the impact of ligands and metal ions on glassy MOFs. Additionally, it presents an analysis of the diverse classes of MOF glass composites, outlining their structures and properties, which are conducive to gas adsorption and separation. The absence of inter-crystalline defects in the structures, coupled with their distinctive mechanical properties, renders them highly promising for industrial gas separation applications. Furthermore, this review provides a summary of recent research on MOF glass composite membranes for gas adsorption and separation. It also addresses the challenges associated with membrane production and suggests future research directions.

In recent decades, the term “ecosystem” has garnered substantial attention in scholarly and managerial discourse, featuring prominently in academic and applied contexts. While individual scholars have made significant contributions to the study of various types of ecosystem, there appears to be a research gap marked by a lack of comprehensive synthesis and refinement of findings across diverse ecosystems. This paper systematically addresses this gap through a hybrid methodology, employing bibliometric and content analyses to systematically review the literature from 1993 to 2023. The primary research aim is to critically examine theoretical studies on different ecosystem types, specifically focusing on business, innovation, and platform ecosystems. The methodology of this study involves a content review of the identified literature, combining quantitative bibliometric analyses to differentiate patterns and content analysis for in-depth exploration. The core findings center on refining and summarizing the definitions of business, innovation, and platform ecosystems, shedding light on both commonalities and distinctions. Notably, the research unveils shared characteristics such as openness and diversity across these ecosystems while highlighting significant differences in terms of participants and objectives. Furthermore, the paper delves into the interconnections within these three ecosystem types, offering insights into their dynamics and paving the way for discussions on future research directions. This comprehensive examination not only advances our understanding of business, innovation, and platform ecosystems but also lays the groundwork for future scholarly inquiries in this dynamic and evolving field.

Oblivious transfer protocol, an important technology in secure multi-party computation, is the research hotspot on network and information security.Based on the bilinear pairs and the difficult problems on elliptic curves, an efficient 1-out-of-N oblivious transfer protocol in the semi-honest model and in the standard malicious model were proposed respectively.The protocol in semi-honest model was designed.It only needed two rounds of interaction.The receiver needed two times of bilinear pair arithmetic and one time of multi point arithmetic, and the sender needed n times of multi point arithmetic and n times of modular exponentiation.The security of the protocol was based on the discrete logarithm problem on elliptic curves.A zero-knowledge proof protocol and the oblivious transfer protocol in the standard malicious model were proposed respectively.The oblivious transfer protocol only needed four rounds of interaction.The receiver needed three times of bilinear pair arithmetic and three times of multi point arithmetic, and the sender needed n+1 times of multi point arithmetic and n+1 times of modular exponentiation.Besides, it can resist malicious behaviors of the party.The results show that the average running time of the protocol in the semi-honest model and in the standard malicious model were 0.787 9 s and 1.205 6 s respectively, which can further demonstrate the efficiency of the protocol.

Apple (Malus domestica) is an important multi-functional horticultural crop. However, thus far, there have been few reports concerning the molecular mechanism by which interstock regulates rootstock and scion growth. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of post-transcriptional regulator that regulates apple growth and development, fruit quality, hormone signal transduction, and stress response. Interstock grafting resulted in differences in miRNA distribution between apple tissues. The regulatory roles of miRNAs in the grafting of apples are not yet clear. In this study, 15 libraries were constructed using the phloem of an apple grafted on two types of interstock and rootstock by high-throughput sequencing. A total of 281 miRNAs were catalogued into 80 families, and 159 novel ones were identified. Compared with the control, the grafting combination with the interstock resulted in 79 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in the scion, with 36 up-regulated and 43 down-regulated miRNAs, and 57 DEMs in the rootstock, including 22 up-regulated and 35 down-regulated miRNAs. Grafting with the dwarfing interstock led to DEMs in the whole plant, including a decrease in the expression of mdm-miR156 in the scion and mdm-miR172 in the rootstock. Predictive analysis of the DEMs and their target genes suggested that miRNAs mediate scion growth through several aspects, such as plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction, and nutrient absorption and balance. Through combined miRNA and mRNA analysis, the dwarfing effect of the interstock may affect the expression of genes related to the starch and sucrose metabolism pathways in the rootstock and the plant hormone signal transduction pathway in the scion. The available evidence facilitates a better understanding of the role of miRNAs in the response of apples after grafting interstock. One possible reason for the stunting of apple trees and the promotion of early flowering caused by the dwarfing interstock is the decrease in expression levels of mdm-miR156 and mdm-miR172.

In this work, we employ two Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM) to achieve a novel six kinds of reconfigurable optical logic gate in millimeter wave over fiber, in which one MZM is used to generate millimeter wave (mm-wave) signal and the other is used to attain optical logic gate. By adjusting the direct current (DC) bias voltage of the first MZM, a frequency doubling mm-wave signal can be obtained and no filter is needed. By controlling the radio frequency (RF) drive voltage and DC bias voltage of the second MZM, the phase of between upper and lower arms can be converted. By adjusting the phase of the first channel RF signal to $(\pi /2,0)$ , setting the phase of the second channel RF signal to $(0,\pi /2)$ and controlling the bias voltage to let the phase of the upper and lower to be $\pi /2$ and $\pi /4$ , respectively, OR logic gate can be obtained. To obtain AND, NOR, NAND, XOR and NXOR logic gate, we just need to get proper phase by adjusting the RF drive voltage and DC bias voltage of the second MZM. According to the simulation, the millimeter wave signal with a frequency of 50 GHz can be obtained, which has completed the logic operation.

Apple (Malus Mill.) is one of the most important fruits in China, and it boasts the world’s largest cultivation area and yield. It needs to be grafted onto rootstocks to maintain a variety of characteristics. China has many apple rootstock resources that exhibit high resistance and strong adaptability; for these reasons, they are highly suited to China’s complex and diverse natural environment. In China, apple rootstock breeding began in the 1970s, and now, several rootstocks, such as the ‘GM256’ and ‘SH’ series, are widely used. However, domestic rootstock resources and varieties are difficult to root. This affects the selection, utilization, and promotion of apple rootstocks. Cutting is an important method of rooting for apple rootstocks. This study discusses the main factors that affect rooting in rootstock cutting propagation; it also summarizes the rooting ability of different apple rootstocks and presents analyses of the demand for rootstocks in the major areas of apple production in China. We present the apple rootstock resources that are suitable for the soil and climate conditions of this production. We also call for research on the cutting roots of these specific apple rootstock resources to be expanded and strengthened. It is hoped that cutting rootstocks suitable for major areas of apple production may be more easily screened and bred successfully in China in the near future.

Surface solar radiation (SSR) serves as the primary energy source on Earth. However, a relative lack of research systematically quantifies long-term SSR variations and their driving factors based on complete and reliable baseline data. This paper presents a new assessment of the Northern Hemisphere/regional SSR variations and the influence of total cloud cover (TCC) on these variations, based on the latest reconstructed SSR gridded dataset. We also address multicollinearity among multiple aerosol types and quantify the effects of multiple aerosol/precursors on SSR variability using a partial least squares regression model. The results indicate that TCC is not the predominant driver of longer-term SSR variations, known as ‘dimming’ and ‘brightening’. The variations of NH _3 and SO _2 primarily drive inter-decadal SSR variations in North America, while the variations of SO _2 and NO _X mainly influence inter-decadal SSR variations in Europe.

Deubiquitinases (DUBs) targeting Met1-linked ubiquitin chains have important functions in mammals but are barely studied in plants. Here, the authors identify rice OTUB1 as a Met1-targeting DUB, characterize the structural determinants of this activity, and show that these features are conserved in green plants.

The cloud’s storage and query of private information have the cryptographic scholar due to the proliferation of cloud computing. In the traditional query mode, the private information stored in the cloud is at risk of being leaked. In order to solve this problem, a cloud ciphertext database system based on homomorphic encryption is a valid workaround. This paper presents a new cloud ciphertext database system model, which is based on the existing ciphertext database mode research and homomorphic properties. This paper also implements a ciphertext database system based on a CRT-based additive homomorphic scheme according to the model. Through theoretical analysis, the model is CPA-level safe and correct. The experimental results show that users can correctly query and download the data in the ciphertext database on the untrusted cloud server through the model, and it has efficiency advantages.

The superstructure of the metro depot is not only convenient for traffic but also solves the land-use problem. However, the construction of the superstructure comes after the metro depot has been put into normal operation. The foundation of the depot is bound to produce secondary settlement. Based on the calculation method of the friction-end bearing pile of Mindlin’s solution in the specification, the superstructure construction project above the Beijing Guogongzhuang metro depot is taken as the basis. Under certain conditions, the settlement of the pile foundation under the action of secondary load and the influence on the track structure are calculated. Moreover, the finite element analysis software ANSYS 18.0 is used to establish the analysis model of the construction of the superstructure of the applied depot. The results show that the influence of the pile foundation settlement produces a certain additional influence on the surrounding tracks, and the maximum value locates at the center of the bearing platform and gradually decreases outward. Under the conditions of informative construction, uniform loading of the structure and control of the construction process, local bias loads and uneven settlements are avoided. The impact of the construction on the track can be effectively controlled, and the impact on the structure can be kept within the allowable limits. By comparing this instance with a number of similar superstructure projects in Beijing, this study shows that the overall risk of this type of project can be controlled and can provide a technical reference for similar superstructure projects on top of a metro depot construction in the future.

Taking a double-line underground excavation subway tunnel underneath the medium-low-speed Maglev bridge section of the Beijing S1 Metro line as a project reference, the deformation control index of the Maglev metro bridge and track panel was studied using numerical simulation and data monitoring, under the conditions of deep-hole grouting measures for the soil layer around the excavation tunnel and active lifting for the superstructure of the viaduct. The results of the numerical simulation show that the maximum deformation value of the pier is −1.73 mm and the maximum vertical deformation value of the Maglev rail track is −1.56 mm. Monitoring shows that the maximum vertical deformation value of the magnetic levitation rail is −1.25 mm and the deformation is within the allowable range. Both numerical simulation and field monitoring results reflect the deformation trend of existing structures; the deep-hole grouting measures taken to strengthen the soil layer around the tunnel and the upper structure of the active roof elevation frame can effectively control the deformation of the existing structure. The study can provide guidance and reference for similar projects.

In this study, we used genotyping to determine the genetic structure and molecular identities of apple landraces from six species of Malus Mill. in China, based on the fingerprints revealed by microsatellite markers with tailed primer M13. A total of 46 apple landraces of Malus Mill. selected from the National Apple and Pear Germplasm Repository in Xingcheng, China were genotyped with 14 SSR markers. The primers differentiated all the accessions. At least three SSR primers, CH04h02, CH01f07a and CH04g07, with a higher heterozygosity and Shannon’s information index than other combinations can distinguish all the accessions. All the alleles for these three primers were arranged in descending order, and they were assigned values beginning with 01. Character strings were constituted by combining all the codes of the three primers for every accession. By such means, separate and special molecular identities were obtained for every apple landrace, which could be expressed in the form of a bar code. Using such bar codes, trees can be labeled and scanned, which aids in the identification and tracking of genebank collections. The eight-step method for establishing the molecular identities of apple landraces reported here may serve as a reference when determining the molecular identities establishment of other apple germplasms of Malus Mill. This method might also be used for the establishment of a molecular database to aid the preservation of Malus Mill., which is in imminent danger in China. It may also be used to improve the gene bank management of Malus Mill.

The authenticated encryption algorithm guarantees the confidentiality and integrity of the information at the same time,and has extensive research and application prospects in the field of information security.With the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) method,the iterative structure with high efficiency and more active S boxes is searched.Based on this new round iterative function and the generalized Feistel structure,an authenticated encryption algorithm with the ability to resist collision attack,differential attack,linear attack and other attacks was designed and implemented,and the efficiency was twice that of AES-GCM.

In this paper, a universally composable 1-out-of-N oblivious transfer protocol with low communication is built. This protocol obtained full simulation security based on the modulo learning with rounding (Mod-LWR) assumption. It can achieve universally composable security in the random oracle machine (ROM) model by combining random OT based on the key exchange protocol with the authentication encryption algorithm. It can be proven to resist static adversary attacks by simulating all corruption cases. Based on computer simulation and detailed mathematical derivation, this protocol was practicable and had better efficiency and lower communication.

In order to cope with the efficient consumption and flexible regulation of resource scarcity due to grid integration of renewable energy sources, a scheduling strategy that takes into account the coordinated interaction of source, grid, load, and storage is proposed. In order to improve the accuracy of the dispatch, a BP neural network approach modified by a genetic algorithm is used to predict renewable energy sources and loads. The non-convex, non-linear optimal dispatch model of the distribution grid is transformed into a mixed integer programming model with optimal tides based on the second-order cone relaxation, variable substitution, and segmental linearization of the Big M method. In addition, the uncertainty of distributed renewable energy output and the flexibility of load demand re-response limit optimal dispatch on a single time scale, so the frequency of renewable energy and load forecasting is increased, and an optimal dispatch model with complementary time scales is developed. Finally, the IEEE 33-node distribution system was tested to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimal dispatching strategy. The simulation results show an 18.28% improvement in the economy of the system and a 24.39% increase in the capacity to consume renewable energy.

The excavation depth of a deep and large foundation pit of a composite support system is 25.5 m, the minimum clear distance from the main structure of the station is 10.6 m and the closest distance to the entrance and exit structure is only 3.6 m. Relying on this project, numerical simulation, field monitoring and other methods are used to study the deformation law of the self-supporting system, the ground settlement and the subway station under construction. Then, the influence of different support parameters on the deformation of the subway station and track is analyzed, and the internal relationship between the deformation value of the station and track and the support parameters is further discussed. The main work and achievements are as follows: (1) Through field measurement and analysis, the deformation history of the station and track in the excavation is studied. The obtained results show that the interbracing + pile–anchor composite support structure has better control over the deformation of adjacent stations and tracks. Comparing the simulated value of station and track deformation with the measured data, it is concluded that the simulated and measured deformation trends remain consistent, and the maximum deformation value corresponds to the middle position of the foundation pit. This confirms the rationality and reliability of the composite support system model. (2) The analysis of the influence of different support parameters on the maximum deformation value of the subway station and track shows that the deformation of the station and track is less affected by the pile diameter of the retaining pile and the size of the interbracing section. It is greatly affected by the embedding depth of the retaining pile and the number of support channels. It is suggested that the optimal parameters should be a pile diameter of 1.0 m, embedding depth of 8 m, four interbracings and an interbracing section of 1.0 m × 1.0 m.

An image visualization encryption algorithm with authentication function by using Shamir scheme was proposed.The main idea of this algorithm is to obtain the data by segmenting the binary secret image into blocks.Then,Shamir scheme was used to obtain the sub-secret data and simultaneously sign the secret image with the SM2 signature algorithm.And it would embed the shared data and signature information into carrier images.When the restoration is required,a specified number of sub-secret images are required for information extraction,restoration and authentication.The simulation experiment of the scheme shows that the secret image sharing scheme improves the security of secret image storage and transmission.

Based on the small key size and high encryption efficiency on ideal lattices,a privacy-preserving attribute-based encryption scheme on ideal lattices was proposed,which could support flexible access policies and privacy protection for the users.In the scheme,a semi-hidden policy was introduced to protect the users’ privacy.Thus,the sensitive values of user’s attributes are hidden to prevent from revealing to any third parties.In addition,the extended Shamir secret-sharing schemes was used to construct the access tree structure which can support “and” “or” and “threshold” operations of attributes with a high flexibility.Besides,the scheme was proved to be secure against chosen plaintext attack under the standard mode.Compared to the existing related schemes,the scheme can yield significant performance benefits,especially the size of system public/secret keys,users’ secret key and ciphertext.It is more effective in the large scale distributed environment.

The histogram watermark, which performs watermark embedding by slightly modifying the histogram of the original image, has been a hot research topic in information hiding technology due to the superiority of its pixel modification during the watermark embedding process, which is independent of the pixel position. This property makes the histogram-based watermark strong resistant to geometric attacks, such as cropping attack, crossed attack, rotation attack, etc. In this paper, we propose a large capacity histogram-based robust watermarking algorithm based on three consecutive bins for the first time. In our scheme, we divide the shape of three consecutive bins into eight cases. According to these cases, we embed Information Number 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, respectively. The embedded information capacity reaches one bit per bin (bpb), and the amount of embedded information is equal to 200% of the previous existing algorithms. Experimental results show that the new algorithm not only has a large capacity of embedding information, but also has strong robustness to geometric attacks, as well as common image processing operations.

Telomeric DNA repeats are lost as normal somatic cells replicate. When telomeres reach a critically short length, a DNA damage signal is initiated, inducing cell senescence. Some studies have indicated that telomere length correlates with mortality, suggesting that telomere length contributes to human life span; however, other studies report no correlation, and thus the issue remains controversial. Domestic dogs show parallels in telomere biology to humans, with similar telomere length, telomere attrition, and absence of somatic cell telomerase activity. Using this model, we find that peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) telomere length is a strong predictor of average life span among 15 different breeds (p < 0.0001), consistent with telomeres playing a role in life span determination. Dogs lose telomeric DNA ∼10-fold faster than humans, which is similar to the ratio of average life spans between these species. Breeds with shorter mean telomere lengths show an increased probability of death from cardiovascular disease, which was previously correlated with short telomere length in humans.

Abstract Nonlinear charge transport, such as nonreciprocal longitudinal resistance and nonlinear Hall effect, has attracted considerable interest in probing the symmetries and topological properties of new materials. Recent research has revealed significant nonreciprocal longitudinal resistance and nonlinear Hall effect in MnBi2Te4, an intrinsic magnetic topological insulator, induced by the quantum metric dipole. However, the inconsistent response with charge density and conflicting C3z symmetry requirement necessitate a thorough understanding of factors affecting the nonlinear transport measurement. This study uncovers an experimental factor leading to significant nonlinear transport signals in MnBi2Te4, attributed to gate voltage oscillation from the application of large alternating current. Additionally, a methodology is proposed to suppress this effect by individually grounding the voltage electrodes during second-harmonic measurements. The investigation underscores the critical importance of assessing gate voltage oscillation’s impact before determining the intrinsic nature of nonlinear transport in 2D material devices with an electrically connected operative gate electrode.

ECG signals and sleep monitoring parameters complement each other and can be used for qualitative diagnosis of sleep apnea syndrome and cardio-related diseases. However, due to the limitations of the instrument volume and the detection environment, it is often challenging to integrate these two functions in practical applications. In this paper, a 12-lead dynamic electrocardiograph integrated with sleep monitoring is designed. The system’s volume is reduced by combining the integrated ECG simulation front end with a miniature sensor. The system achieves the extraction, conditioning, and calculation of 12-lead ECG signals and sleep-related parameters and writes the data to a memory card in real time, which offers convenience for users and doctors in the diagnostic process.