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2. Strong floristic distinctiveness across Neotropical successional forests

Author

Jakovac, C.C., Meave, J.A., Bongers, F., Letcher, S.G., Dupuy, J.M., Piotto, D., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Peña-Claros, M., Craven, D., Santos, B.A., Siminski, A., Fantini, A.C., Rodrigues, A.C., Hernández-Jaramillo, A., Idárraga, A., Junqueira, A.B., Zambrano, A.M.A., De Jong, B.H.J., Pinho, B.X., Finegan, B., Castellano-Castro, C., Zambiazi, D.C., Dent, D.H., García, D.H., Kennard, D., Delgado, D., Broadbent, E.N., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., Pérez-García, E.A., Lebrija-Trejos, E., Berenguer, E., Marín-Spiotta, E., Alvarez-Davila, E., De Sá Sampaio, E.V., Melo, F., Elias, F., França, F., Oberleitner, F., Mora, F., Williamson, G.B., Dalla Colletta, G., Cabral, G.A.L., Derroire, G., Fernandes, G.W., Van Der Wal, H., Teixeira, H.M., Vester, H.F.M., García, H., Vieira, I.C.G., Jiménez-Montoya, J., De Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Hall, J.S., Chave, J., Zimmerman, J.K., Nieto, J.E., Ferreira, J., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., Ruíz, J., Barlow, J., Aguilar-Cano, J., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Engel, J., Becknell, J.M., Zanini, K., Lohbeck, M., Tabarelli, M., Romero-Romero, M.A., Uriarte, M., Veloso, M.D.M., Espírito-Santo, M.M., Van Der Sande, M.T., Van Breugel, M., Martínez-Ramos, M., Schwartz, N.B., Norden, N., Pérez-Cárdenas, N., González-Valdivia, N., Petronelli, P., Balvanera, P., Massoca, P., Brancalion, P.H.S., Villa, P.M., Hietz, P., Ostertag, R., López-Camacho, R., César, R.G., Mesquita, R., Chazdon, R.L., Muñoz, R., DeWalt, S.J., Müller, S.C., Durán, S.M., Martins, S.V., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Rodríguez-Buritica, S., Aide, T.M., Bentos, T.V., Moreno, V.D.S., Granda, V., Thomas, W., Silver, W.L., Nunes, Y.R.F., Poorter, L., Jakovac, C.C., Meave, J.A., Bongers, F., Letcher, S.G., Dupuy, J.M., Piotto, D., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Peña-Claros, M., Craven, D., Santos, B.A., Siminski, A., Fantini, A.C., Rodrigues, A.C., Hernández-Jaramillo, A., Idárraga, A., Junqueira, A.B., Zambrano, A.M.A., De Jong, B.H.J., Pinho, B.X., Finegan, B., Castellano-Castro, C., Zambiazi, D.C., Dent, D.H., García, D.H., Kennard, D., Delgado, D., Broadbent, E.N., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., Pérez-García, E.A., Lebrija-Trejos, E., Berenguer, E., Marín-Spiotta, E., Alvarez-Davila, E., De Sá Sampaio, E.V., Melo, F., Elias, F., França, F., Oberleitner, F., Mora, F., Williamson, G.B., Dalla Colletta, G., Cabral, G.A.L., Derroire, G., Fernandes, G.W., Van Der Wal, H., Teixeira, H.M., Vester, H.F.M., García, H., Vieira, I.C.G., Jiménez-Montoya, J., De Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Hall, J.S., Chave, J., Zimmerman, J.K., Nieto, J.E., Ferreira, J., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., Ruíz, J., Barlow, J., Aguilar-Cano, J., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Engel, J., Becknell, J.M., Zanini, K., Lohbeck, M., Tabarelli, M., Romero-Romero, M.A., Uriarte, M., Veloso, M.D.M., Espírito-Santo, M.M., Van Der Sande, M.T., Van Breugel, M., Martínez-Ramos, M., Schwartz, N.B., Norden, N., Pérez-Cárdenas, N., González-Valdivia, N., Petronelli, P., Balvanera, P., Massoca, P., Brancalion, P.H.S., Villa, P.M., Hietz, P., Ostertag, R., López-Camacho, R., César, R.G., Mesquita, R., Chazdon, R.L., Muñoz, R., DeWalt, S.J., Müller, S.C., Durán, S.M., Martins, S.V., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Rodríguez-Buritica, S., Aide, T.M., Bentos, T.V., Moreno, V.D.S., Granda, V., Thomas, W., Silver, W.L., Nunes, Y.R.F., and Poorter, L.

Abstract

Forests that regrow naturally on abandoned fields are important for restoring biodiversity and ecosystem services, but can they also preserve the distinct regional tree floras? Using the floristic composition of 1215 early successional forests (≤20 years) in 75 human-modified landscapes across the Neotropic realm, we identified 14 distinct floristic groups, with a between-group dissimilarity of 0.97. Floristic groups were associated with location, bioregions, soil pH, temperature seasonality, and water availability. Hence, there is large continental-scale variation in the species composition of early successional forests, which is mainly associated with biogeographic and environmental factors but not with human disturbance indicators. This floristic distinctiveness is partially driven by regionally restricted species belonging to widespread genera. Early secondary forests contribute therefore to restoring and conserving the distinctiveness of bioregions across the Neotropical realm, and forest restoration initiatives should use local species to assure that these distinct floras are maintained.

Published
2022

3. Strong floristic distinctiveness across Neotropical successional forests

Author

Environmental Sciences, Jakovac, C.C., Meave, J.A., Bongers, F., Letcher, S.G., Dupuy, J.M., Piotto, D., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Peña-Claros, M., Craven, D., Santos, B.A., Siminski, A., Fantini, A.C., Rodrigues, A.C., Hernández-Jaramillo, A., Idárraga, A., Junqueira, A.B., Zambrano, A.M.A., De Jong, B.H.J., Pinho, B.X., Finegan, B., Castellano-Castro, C., Zambiazi, D.C., Dent, D.H., García, D.H., Kennard, D., Delgado, D., Broadbent, E.N., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., Pérez-García, E.A., Lebrija-Trejos, E., Berenguer, E., Marín-Spiotta, E., Alvarez-Davila, E., De Sá Sampaio, E.V., Melo, F., Elias, F., França, F., Oberleitner, F., Mora, F., Williamson, G.B., Dalla Colletta, G., Cabral, G.A.L., Derroire, G., Fernandes, G.W., Van Der Wal, H., Teixeira, H.M., Vester, H.F.M., García, H., Vieira, I.C.G., Jiménez-Montoya, J., De Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Hall, J.S., Chave, J., Zimmerman, J.K., Nieto, J.E., Ferreira, J., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., Ruíz, J., Barlow, J., Aguilar-Cano, J., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Engel, J., Becknell, J.M., Zanini, K., Lohbeck, M., Tabarelli, M., Romero-Romero, M.A., Uriarte, M., Veloso, M.D.M., Espírito-Santo, M.M., Van Der Sande, M.T., Van Breugel, M., Martínez-Ramos, M., Schwartz, N.B., Norden, N., Pérez-Cárdenas, N., González-Valdivia, N., Petronelli, P., Balvanera, P., Massoca, P., Brancalion, P.H.S., Villa, P.M., Hietz, P., Ostertag, R., López-Camacho, R., César, R.G., Mesquita, R., Chazdon, R.L., Muñoz, R., DeWalt, S.J., Müller, S.C., Durán, S.M., Martins, S.V., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Rodríguez-Buritica, S., Aide, T.M., Bentos, T.V., Moreno, V.D.S., Granda, V., Thomas, W., Silver, W.L., Nunes, Y.R.F., Poorter, L., Environmental Sciences, Jakovac, C.C., Meave, J.A., Bongers, F., Letcher, S.G., Dupuy, J.M., Piotto, D., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Peña-Claros, M., Craven, D., Santos, B.A., Siminski, A., Fantini, A.C., Rodrigues, A.C., Hernández-Jaramillo, A., Idárraga, A., Junqueira, A.B., Zambrano, A.M.A., De Jong, B.H.J., Pinho, B.X., Finegan, B., Castellano-Castro, C., Zambiazi, D.C., Dent, D.H., García, D.H., Kennard, D., Delgado, D., Broadbent, E.N., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., Pérez-García, E.A., Lebrija-Trejos, E., Berenguer, E., Marín-Spiotta, E., Alvarez-Davila, E., De Sá Sampaio, E.V., Melo, F., Elias, F., França, F., Oberleitner, F., Mora, F., Williamson, G.B., Dalla Colletta, G., Cabral, G.A.L., Derroire, G., Fernandes, G.W., Van Der Wal, H., Teixeira, H.M., Vester, H.F.M., García, H., Vieira, I.C.G., Jiménez-Montoya, J., De Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Hall, J.S., Chave, J., Zimmerman, J.K., Nieto, J.E., Ferreira, J., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., Ruíz, J., Barlow, J., Aguilar-Cano, J., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Engel, J., Becknell, J.M., Zanini, K., Lohbeck, M., Tabarelli, M., Romero-Romero, M.A., Uriarte, M., Veloso, M.D.M., Espírito-Santo, M.M., Van Der Sande, M.T., Van Breugel, M., Martínez-Ramos, M., Schwartz, N.B., Norden, N., Pérez-Cárdenas, N., González-Valdivia, N., Petronelli, P., Balvanera, P., Massoca, P., Brancalion, P.H.S., Villa, P.M., Hietz, P., Ostertag, R., López-Camacho, R., César, R.G., Mesquita, R., Chazdon, R.L., Muñoz, R., DeWalt, S.J., Müller, S.C., Durán, S.M., Martins, S.V., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Rodríguez-Buritica, S., Aide, T.M., Bentos, T.V., Moreno, V.D.S., Granda, V., Thomas, W., Silver, W.L., Nunes, Y.R.F., and Poorter, L.

Published
2022

5. Measurement of the CMS magnetic field

Author

Klyukhin, V.I., Ball, A., Bergsma, F., Campi, D., Cure, B., Gaddi, A., Gerwig, H., Herve, A., Korienek, J., Linde, F., Lindenmeyer, C., Loveless, R., Mulders, M., Nebel, T., Smith, R.P., Stickland, D., Teafoe, G., Veillet, L., and Zimmerman, J.K.

Subjects
Magnetic fields -- Analysis, Radiation warning systems -- Analysis, Solenoids -- Design and construction, Superconducting magnets -- Usage, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The measurement of the magnetic field in the tracking volume inside the superconducting coil of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector under construction at CERN is done with a fieldmapper designed and produced at Fermilab. The results of the measurements made at 4 T are compared with a three-dimensional model of the CMS magnet system calculated with TOSCA.

Published
2008

8. Wet and dry tropical forests show opposite successional pathways in wood density but converge over time

Author

Poorter, L., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Bongers, F., de Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Almeyda Zambrano, A.M., Álvarez, F.S., Andrade, J.L., Arreola Villa, L.F., Balvanera, P., Becknell, J.M., Bentos, T.V., Bhaskar, R., Boukili, V., Brancalion, P.H.S., Broadbent, E.N., César, R.G., Chave, J., Chazdon, R.L., Dalla Colletta, G., Craven, D., de Jong, B.H.J., Denslow, J.S., Dent, D.H., DeWalt, S.J., Díaz García, E., Dupuy, J.M., Durán, S.M., Espírito Santo, M.M., Fandiño, M.C., Fernandes, G.W., Finegan, B., Granda Moser, V., Hall, J.S., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Jakovac, C.C., Junqueira, A.B., Kennard, D., Lebrija-Trejos, E., Letcher, S.G., Lohbeck, M., Lopez, O.R., Marín-Spiotta, E., Martínez-Ramos, M., Martins, S.V., Massoca, P.E.S., Meave, J.A., Mesquita, R., Mora, F., de Souza Moreno, V., Müller, S.C., Muñoz, R., Muscarella, R., de Oliveira Neto, S.N., Nunes, Y.R.F., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Paz, H., Peña-Claros, M., Piotto, D., Ruíz, J., Sanaphre-Villanueva, L., Sanchez-Azofeifa, A., Schwartz, N.B., Steininger, M.K., Thomas, W.W., Toledo, M., Uriarte, M., Utrera, L.P., van Breugel, M., van der Sande, Masha Tamara, van der Wal, H., Veloso, M.D.M., Vester, H.F.M., Vieira, I.C.G., Villa, P.M., Williamson, G.B., Wright, S.J., Zanini, K.J., Zimmerman, J.K., Westoby, M., Poorter, L., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Bongers, F., de Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Almeyda Zambrano, A.M., Álvarez, F.S., Andrade, J.L., Arreola Villa, L.F., Balvanera, P., Becknell, J.M., Bentos, T.V., Bhaskar, R., Boukili, V., Brancalion, P.H.S., Broadbent, E.N., César, R.G., Chave, J., Chazdon, R.L., Dalla Colletta, G., Craven, D., de Jong, B.H.J., Denslow, J.S., Dent, D.H., DeWalt, S.J., Díaz García, E., Dupuy, J.M., Durán, S.M., Espírito Santo, M.M., Fandiño, M.C., Fernandes, G.W., Finegan, B., Granda Moser, V., Hall, J.S., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Jakovac, C.C., Junqueira, A.B., Kennard, D., Lebrija-Trejos, E., Letcher, S.G., Lohbeck, M., Lopez, O.R., Marín-Spiotta, E., Martínez-Ramos, M., Martins, S.V., Massoca, P.E.S., Meave, J.A., Mesquita, R., Mora, F., de Souza Moreno, V., Müller, S.C., Muñoz, R., Muscarella, R., de Oliveira Neto, S.N., Nunes, Y.R.F., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Paz, H., Peña-Claros, M., Piotto, D., Ruíz, J., Sanaphre-Villanueva, L., Sanchez-Azofeifa, A., Schwartz, N.B., Steininger, M.K., Thomas, W.W., Toledo, M., Uriarte, M., Utrera, L.P., van Breugel, M., van der Sande, Masha Tamara, van der Wal, H., Veloso, M.D.M., Vester, H.F.M., Vieira, I.C.G., Villa, P.M., Williamson, G.B., Wright, S.J., Zanini, K.J., Zimmerman, J.K., and Westoby, M.

Abstract

Tropical forests are converted at an alarming rate for agricultural use and pastureland, but also regrow naturally through secondary succession. For successful forest restoration, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of secondary succession. These mechanisms may vary across forest types, but analyses across broad spatial scales are lacking. Here, we analyse forest recovery using 1,403 plots that differ in age since agricultural abandonment from 50 sites across the Neotropics. We analyse changes in community composition using species-specific stem wood density (WD), which is a key trait for plant growth, survival and forest carbon storage. In wet forest, succession proceeds from low towards high community WD (acquisitive towards conservative trait values), in line with standard successional theory. However, in dry forest, succession proceeds from high towards low community WD (conservative towards acquisitive trait values), probably because high WD reflects drought tolerance in harsh early successional environments. Dry season intensity drives WD recovery by influencing the start and trajectory of succession, resulting in convergence of the community WD over time as vegetation cover builds up. These ecological insights can be used to improve species selection for reforestation. Reforestation species selected to establish a first protective canopy layer should, among other criteria, ideally have a similar WD to the early successional communities that dominate under the prevailing macroclimatic conditions.

Published
2019

10. Local spatial structure of forest biomass and its consequences for remote sensing of carbon stocks

Author

Réjou-Méchain, M., Muller-Landau, H.C., Detto, M., Thomas, S.C., Le Toan, T., Saatchi, S.S., Barreto-Silva, J.S., Bourg, N.A., Bunyavejchewin, S., Butt, N., Brockelman, W.Y., Cao, M., Cárdenas, D., Chiang, J.-M., Chuyong, G.B., Clay, K., Condit, R., Dattaraja, H.S., Davies, S.J., Duque, A., Esufali, S., Ewango, C., Fernando, R.H.S., Fletcher, C.D., Gunatilleke, I.A.U.N., Hao, Z., Harms, K.E., Hart, T.B., Hérault, B., Howe, R.W., Hubbell, S.P., Johnson, D.J., Kenfack, D., Larson, A.J., Lin, L., Lin, Y., Lutz, J.A., Makana, J.-R., Malhi, Y., Marthews, T.R., McEwan, R.W., McMahon, S.M., McShea, W.J., Muscarella, R., Nathalang, A., Noor, N.S.M., Nytch, C.J., Oliveira, A.A., Phillips, R.P., Pongpattananurak, N., Punchi-Manage, R., Salim, R., Schurman, J., Sukumar, R., Suresh, H.S., Suwanvecho, U., Thomas, D.W., Uríarte, M., Thompson, J., Valencia, R., Vicentini, A., Wolf, A.T., Yap, S., Yuan, Z., Zartman, C.E., Zimmerman, J.K., Chave, J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Muller-Landau, H.C., Detto, M., Thomas, S.C., Le Toan, T., Saatchi, S.S., Barreto-Silva, J.S., Bourg, N.A., Bunyavejchewin, S., Butt, N., Brockelman, W.Y., Cao, M., Cárdenas, D., Chiang, J.-M., Chuyong, G.B., Clay, K., Condit, R., Dattaraja, H.S., Davies, S.J., Duque, A., Esufali, S., Ewango, C., Fernando, R.H.S., Fletcher, C.D., Gunatilleke, I.A.U.N., Hao, Z., Harms, K.E., Hart, T.B., Hérault, B., Howe, R.W., Hubbell, S.P., Johnson, D.J., Kenfack, D., Larson, A.J., Lin, L., Lin, Y., Lutz, J.A., Makana, J.-R., Malhi, Y., Marthews, T.R., McEwan, R.W., McMahon, S.M., McShea, W.J., Muscarella, R., Nathalang, A., Noor, N.S.M., Nytch, C.J., Oliveira, A.A., Phillips, R.P., Pongpattananurak, N., Punchi-Manage, R., Salim, R., Schurman, J., Sukumar, R., Suresh, H.S., Suwanvecho, U., Thomas, D.W., Uríarte, M., Thompson, J., Valencia, R., Vicentini, A., Wolf, A.T., Yap, S., Yuan, Z., Zartman, C.E., Zimmerman, J.K., and Chave, J.

Abstract

Advances in forest carbon mapping have the potential to greatly reduce uncertainties in the global carbon budget and to facilitate effective emissions mitigation strategies such as REDD+. Though broad scale mapping is based primarily on remote sensing data, the accuracy of resulting forest carbon stock estimates depends critically on the quality of field measurements and calibration procedures. The mismatch in spatial scales between field inventory plots and larger pixels of current and planned remote sensing products for forest biomass mapping is of particular concern, as it has the potential to introduce errors, especially if forest biomass shows strong local spatial variation. Here, we used 30 large (8–50 ha) globally distributed permanent forest plots to quantify the spatial variability in aboveground biomass (AGB) at spatial grains ranging from 5 to 250 m (0.025–6.25 ha), and we evaluate the implications of this variability for calibrating remote sensing products using simulated remote sensing footprints. We found that the spatial sampling error in AGB is large for standard plot sizes, averaging 46.3% for 0.1 ha subplots and 16.6% for 1 ha subplots. Topographically heterogeneous sites showed positive spatial autocorrelation in AGB at scales of 100 m and above; at smaller scales, most study sites showed negative or nonexistent spatial autocorrelation in AGB. We further show that when field calibration plots are smaller than the remote sensing pixels, the high local spatial variability in AGB leads to a substantial "dilution" bias in calibration parameters, a bias that cannot be removed with current statistical methods. Overall, our results suggest that topography should be explicitly accounted for in future sampling strategies and that much care must be taken in designing calibration schemes if remote sensing of forest carbon is to achieve its promise.

Published
2014

12. Ecological traits and evolutionary sequence of nest establishment in fungus-growing ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Attini).

Author

Fernández-Marín, H., Zimmerman, J.K., and Wcislo, W.T.

Subjects
*NEST building, *FUNGUS ants, *BIOLOGICAL evolution, *PHYLOGENY, *ANIMAL habitations, *ANIMAL behavior
Abstract

Neotropical ants in the tribe Attini share the obligatory behaviour of cultivating fungi as an essential food source. Of this complex and well-studied mutualism, little is known about the biological traits of the phylogenetically basal attines, which may offer important clues to the origins and early evolution of this intricate symbiosis. In this paper we focus on the founding of new nests, a key to understanding evolutionary changes in many social insects, which has received comparatively little attention in attine ants. We present a comparative survey of nest-founding behaviour in Attini, based on 441 foundress nests of 20 species in eight attine genera. In general, attine queens are semiclaustral and haplometrotic when founding nests. We show that attine foundresses of most species use an inert platform (discarded forewings, roots, or rocks) on which the incipient fungal garden is physically isolated during nest foundation, and they conduct semiclaustral foundation. This behaviour is not shared with Atta, which places the incipient garden directly on the soil floor of the initial nest chamber, and conducts claustral foundation. Nest-founding maps congruently onto the major clades in attine phylogeny, suggesting that the behavioural mechanisms used to isolate the incipient garden may have been key innovations in the early evolution of attine fungiculture. The evolutionary sequence of gardening in Attini suggests a transformation series from retention and use of detached wings (suspended from the chamber ceiling or placed over the chamber floor) to root-suspension, and finally use of bare soil. We also discuss transitions from semiclaustral to claustral founding, as well as from haplometrosis to pleometrosis, from ecological and evolutionary perspectives. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 81, 39–48. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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