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The article discusses a book titled "Soziale Protestbewegung gegen das ArcelorMittal Großprojekt im Kontext der Adivasi-Widerstandshistorie in Süd-Jharkhand, Indien" by Martina Claus, which focuses on the social protest movement against the ArcelorMittal megaproject in South Jharkhand, India. The book explores the history of Adivasi resistance in the region and highlights the specific struggles faced by the Adivasi community in protecting their rights to self-determination and their traditional lands. It also discusses the role of women in the resistance movement and the potential impacts of the project on the local population. The article suggests that the book provides valuable insights into civil rights movements and can be of interest to researchers and scholars studying similar issues globally. [Extracted from the article]

Eurasian perch has a great ecological importance in freshwaters as it is often a dominating predatory fish in ecosystems. The knowledge of perch feeding patterns, strategies, and adaptivity to food environment in their early life stages is essential to understand its population development and dynamics. It has been demonstrated that there exists a positive relationships between preferred prey availability and larval feeding success. We examined the diet of larval perch in their natural habitats of different zooplankton assemblages in three small lakes with varying ecological status. In each lake, both pelagial and littoral were studied. We found significant relation between zooplankton biomass in the lake and zooplankton biomass consumed by fish larvae. The most important food objects were crustaceans (Bosmina longirostris, Chydorus sphaericus). Ciliates were consumed only in one lake. Our results show that perch larvae are flexible in their choice of food and can adapt to different food environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The best definition of the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) remains controversial. The aim was to develop a latent variable measurement model for the MetSyn using primary care data.Methods: This retrospective case-control study was based on the data from the IQVIA Disease Analyzer (DA) database including a representative panel of general and internal medicine practices in Germany. 23,020 adult patients, who were newly diagnosed with ≥1 component of the MetSyn (cases; median age [IQR]: 60 [50-72] years; 54 % males) between January 2016 to December 2019, and 2,144 patients without any MetSyn component (controls; 48 [38-61] years; 45 % males) were included. MetSyn was modeled by ICD-10 codes (E66: obesity, I10: hypertension, E11: type 2 diabetes, E78: lipid disorders) and physiological measures (BMI, HbA1c, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides).Results: The covariance structure of the ICD codes and physiological measures could not be accounted for by a single MetSyn factor (root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA=0.085). Enrichment by another factor "Likelihood to Diagnose" significantly increased model fit with the observed data (RMSEA=0.054). "Likelihood to Diagnose" hardly correlated with MetSyn (r = 0.06), and was differentially associated with male sex, older age, and corresponding cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. MetSyn showed the highest loading on four subordinate factors "hyperlipidemia" (0.70), "obesity" (0.66), "type 2 diabetes" (0.60), followed by "hypertension" (0.42). The ICD codes E66 and E78 were less indicative of these factors relative to BMI and triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol, respectively, whereas E11 and I10 were similarly indicative as their corresponding physiological measures.Conclusions: MetSyn was best indicated by BMI, triglycerides (an indirect marker of insulin sensitivity), HbA1c, and ICD-10 diagnosis E11 (type 2 diabetes). The factor "Likelihood to diagnose" probably constitutes a method factor of differential diagnosis systematically contributing to the common consistency of the MetSyn diagnosis in primary care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We numerically explored the effects of long-term water level changes on biotic biomass and spatial distribution of fish in a large shallow lake. We calibrated Ecospace model (Ecopath with Ecosim modelling suite) with data from various functional groups (ranging from phytoplankton to piscivorous fish), and considered 14 different habitats. Two scenarios representing, respectively, a long-term water-level increase and decrease by 1 m were constructed and run for a period of thirty eight years (1979–2016). The results showed a very uneven spatial distribution of fish biomass in the lake, with the highest concentration in the southern basin. The 1 m decrease scenario caused a diminution in the biomass of all groups but piscivorous fish. The 1 m increase scenario saw a weak decrease in most species biomass. Consequently, in both scenarios, long-term water level changes would be generally detrimental to the lake biota. In the context of more frequent climate-induced hydrological fluctuations, we encourage the use of these simulations as effective tools for future prediction and assessment of ecosystem-based fisheries management and ecological status maintenance of shallow lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Sufficient protozoan food may enhance larval growth in the beginning of the exogenous feeding. • Ciliates represent essentially important food for fish larvae in both marine and lacustrine environments. • In the sea and in one lake ciliates formed respectively 36 and 63% of the total carbon biomass ingested by larval fish. • Consumption of ciliates is linked to their availability in the environment — if abundances are high proportionally more ciliates are consumed. Abstract We estimated the consumption of planktonic ciliates by fish larvae in the Väinameri Sea (a shallow semi-enclosed bay of the Baltic Sea) and Lake Võrtsjärv (a shallow and eutrophic lake). Our primary hypothesis was that planktonic ciliates constitute a substantial component of the diet of fish larvae in both environments. We also assumed that the contribution of ciliates to larval nutrition is bigger in lacustrine than in marine environment because ciliates are usually more abundant in lakes. The nutrition of field collected larval fish was determined by gut content analysis using epifluorescence microscopy. Our study revealed that ciliates occurred in the alimentary tracts of all fish species examined. We discovered that the consumption of ciliates by first-feeding fish larvae contributed approximately 40 and 60% of their total consumed carbon in the Väinameri and in Võrtsjärv, respectively. Ciliates represent essentially important food for fish larvae and sufficient protozoan food may enhance larval growth in the beginning of the exogenous feeding and shorten the most vulnerable period in larval stage before shifting to larger prey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analysed changes in the abundance, biomass and cell size of the microbial food web community (bacteria, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, ciliates) at contrasting nutrient concentrations and temperatures during a simulated heat wave. We used 24 mesocosms mimicking shallow lakes in which two nutrient levels (unenriched and enriched by adding nitrogen and phosphorus) and three different temperature scenarios (ambient, IPCC A2 scenario and A2+%50) are simulated (4 replicates of each). Experiments using the mesocosms have been running un-interrupted since 2003. A 1-month heat wave was imitated by an extra 5 °C increase in the previously heated mesocosms (from 1st July to 1st August 2014). Changes in water temperature induced within a few days a strong effect on the microbial food web functioning, demonstrating a quick response of microbial communities to the changes in environment, due to their short generation times. Warming and nutrients showed synergistic effects. Microbial assemblages of heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates responded positively to the heating, the increase being largest in the enriched mesocosms. The results indicate that warming and nutrients in combination can set off complex interactions in the microbial food web functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Raquel Lahoz is an employee of Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland, and owns Novartis shares. None. Despite the availability of effective low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering drugs, ∼80% of patients with established ASCVD fall short of achieving and maintaining LDL-C levels <70 mg/dL, highlighting the need for innovative new LDL-C lowering therapies. Inclisiran is a novel small-interfering RNA (siRNA) that effectively reduces circulating LDL-C. Administered as a single subcutaneous injection initially, again at 3 months, and then every 6 months, inclisiran has been approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in December 2020 for adult patients with hypercholesterolemia as an adjunct to diet who require additional lowering of LDL-C despite receiving other lipid-lowering therapies and by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2021. This study aimed to assess real-world patient characteristics, adherence and persistence for patients being initiated with inclisiran in Germany. This retrospective non-interventional study used the IQVIA LRx prescription database and included adult patients being initiated with inclisiran treatment between February 2021 and October 2021 with a 6-month lookback period. For the adherence and persistence analyses, a subgroup of patients with a first inclisiran prescription recorded between February and June 2021 was selected, allowing for at least 4 months follow-up, up to October 2021. A total of 697 patients receiving at least one dose of inclisiran between February- October 2021 were included in this study. Mean age of patients was 63 years (50% females) and 81% were ≥ 55 years old. Majority of patients were prescribed inclisiran by their nephrologists (42%) and cardiologists (30%). Of the 334 patients receiving their first inclisiran dose between February-June 2021, the second dose was also recorded for 257 (77%) patients until the time of the analysis; median time between the two doses was 3 months and 91% (233) of patients received the second dose within 4 months of treatment initiation. This study shows early results from one of the first real-world studies describing the characteristics of patients being initiated with inclisiran with majority returning for their second dose within 4 months. Future real-world studies with longer follow-up are needed to evaluate the long-term adherence and persistence as well as effectiveness of inclisiran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing primary productivity, ciliates may become the most important members of the microbial loop and form a central linkage in the transformation of microbial production to upper trophic levels. How metazooplankters, especially copepods, regulate ciliate community structure in shallow eutrophic waters is not completely clear. We carried out mesocosm experiments with different cyclopoid copepod enrichments in a shallow eutrophic lake to examine the responses of ciliate community structure and abundance to changes in cyclopoid copepod biomass and to detect any cascading effects on bacterioplankton and edible phytoplankton. Our results indicate that an increase in copepod zooplankton biomass favours the development of small-sized bacterivorous ciliates. This effect is unleashed by the decline of predaceous ciliate abundance, which would otherwise graze effectively on the small-sized ciliates. The inverse relationship between crustacean zooplankton and large predaceous ciliates is an important feature adjusting not only the structure of the ciliate community but also the energy transfer between meta- and protozooplankton. Still we could not detect any cascading effects on bacterio- or phytoplankton that would be caused by the structural changes in the ciliate community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]