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Ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) materials have attracted much attention due to their ability to generate ionic Seebeck coefficient of tens of millivolts per Kelvin. In this work, we demonstrate that the ionic thermopower can be enhanced by the introduction of multiple ions. The multi-ionic hydrogel possesses a record thermal-to-electrical energy conversion factor (TtoE factor) of 89.6 mV K

To ensure the safety of the massive growth of distributed photovoltaic grid-connected inverters and the security of backhaul data in the context of new power systems, research on anomaly detection has also been put on the agenda. The data of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter has complex time dependence and uncertainty, and the data security problem is prone to occur in the process of data transmission, and the existing anomaly detection means do not comprehensively consider these factors, and cannot timely find the abnormal phenomena caused by the synthesis of data security and their faults, which leads to the tampering of power data and the increase of operation and maintenance costs. To solve the above problems, an anomaly detection method integrating a long short-term memory network (LSTM) and serial depth autoencoder (DAE) is proposed based on edge computing, characterized by the power and voltage of the device, the length, and the delay of the data. Firstly, the method performed time series transformation processing on the original training dataset through the sliding window. Then, the model was trained using LSTM and DAE. Finally, the decoding error of the test data was compared with the threshold obtained by the training. The example verification shows that the model has achieved good performance in the recall rate, accuracy rate and F1 score, and can effectively detect the equipment that produces its fault or data return abnormality in the photovoltaic inverter. So, the model has good industrial practical value.

Background The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) has been suggested as a credible surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR) for many years. Its value in predicting and diagnosing cardiovascular disease has been reported recently. However, few studies have reported that it can be used as a marker for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD), which is one of the main causes of cardiovascular-related death. This study will attempt to prove that the TyG index can be a useful marker for predicting atherosclerosis and has diagnostic significance for symptomatic CAD. Methods The baseline data of 3059 cardiology patients, as well as their clinical data, biochemical parameters and medical histories, were collected from our clinical cases over the last three years. Further screening resulted in 1581 data points of symptomatic CAD. The TyG index was calculated by the formula Ln (fasting triglycerides (mg/dl) × fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)/2). CAD was defined as a nonzero Gensini score on coronary angiography. Participants were divided into four groups according to TyG index tertiles. Results We evaluated 1581 patients, and the majority were male (41.9%) and elderly (59.5%). Cardiometabolic risk factors were positively associated with the TyG index. Arterial damage, including carotid and coronary damage, was highly associated with the TyG index. After adjustment for sex, age and multiple risk factors, Poisson regression analysis indicated that the prevalence ratios for carotid plaque and coronary stenosis were 1.11 (95% Cl 0.55–2.11; P = 0.01) and 2.94 (95% Cl 0.58–1.50; P = 0.01), respectively. Moreover, the TyG index has better diagnostic efficacy for symptomatic CAD than do fasting glucose and triglycerides (AUC TyG = 0.734; AUC fasting glucose = 0.611; AUC triglyceride = 0.717). Conclusion The TyG index is a useful marker for predicting atherosclerosis and may be a diagnostic indicator for symptomatic CAD.

PURPOSE: To study microdistortions in Bowman’s layer after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and to investigate possible sources and potential visual impacts. METHODS: A nonrandomized controlled prospective study enrolled 52 eyes of 29 consecutive patients undergoing SMILE, with spherical equivalent of −6.33 ± 1.88 diopters and 4.2 mm superior incision. The micro-distortions in Bowman’s layer were counted at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively and at long-term follow-up. Another 38 eyes of 20 patients undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK (FS-LASIK) were examined at 1 day and long-term postoperatively as the control group. RESULTS: Microdistortions in Bowman’s layer were observed by OCT, with no clinically significant corneal striae under slit-lamp microscopy, in 46 eyes (88.5%) on day 1 after SMILE and in 16 eyes (42.1%) after FS-LASIK, with more in SMILE eyes than in FS-LASIK eyes. The amount decreased at 1 week and then remained stable. There were more microdistortions in the center area than in the periphery in both groups. Microdistortions were more in the inferior than the superior quadrant on the first day after SMILE but there was no difference at long-term follow-up. Microdistortions after SMILE were associated with the refractive lenticule thickness and surgery order but had no significant impact on long-term visual outcomes or wavefront aberrations. CONCLUSIONS: Microdistortions in Bowman’s layer after SMILE were associated with the refractive lenticule thickness and surgery order. The microdistortions remained stable after 1 week and had no impact on long-term visual performance. [ J Refract Surg. 2013;29(10):668–674.]

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Purpose: Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a severe secondary glaucoma with uncontrolled intraocular pressure that leads to serious eye pain and vision loss. Presently, the therapeutic strategies for NVG are diverse, but the therapeutic effects are still not ideal. We performed a network analysis to assess the effect of multiple therapeutic strategies on the treatment of NVG patients. Methods: We searched public electronic databases through April 2017 using the following keywords “neovascular glaucoma,” “iris neovascularization,” “hemorrhagic glaucoma,” and “random” without language restrictions. The outcome considered in the present analysis was treatment success rate. A network meta-analysis and multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression were used to compare regimens. Results: We included 27 articles assessing a total of 1884 NVG patients in our analysis. According to the network analysis, interferon and mitomycin plus trabeculectomy (94.9%), glaucoma valve implantation (86.9%), and iris photocoagulation plus trabeculectomy (81.9%) were the most likely to improve treatment success rate in NVG patients. The multilevel logistic regression analysis showed that glaucoma valve, bevacizumab, interferon, cyclophotocoagulation, trabeculectomy, iris photocoagulation, ranibizumab, and mitomycin had advantages in terms of improving treatment success rate in NVG patients. However, the application of retinal photocoagulation and vitrectomy reduced patient treatment success rate. Conclusion: The regimen including mitomycin, interferon, and trabeculectomy was the most likely to improve the treatment success rate in NVG patients. The application of glaucoma valve and bevacizumab were more beneficial for improving patient treatment success rate as a surgery and as an agent, respectively.

We report a case of irregular corneal astigmatism after refractive lenticule extraction. A refractive lenticule was created using a femtosecond laser and then extracted through a small arcuate incision. One day postoperatively, the corneal findings by slitlamp biomicroscopy indicated mild corneal edema. Corneal topography demonstrated an area of steepened corneal surface inferiorly, and corneal thickness was relatively thicker in this area than in others. At 5 months, the corneal findings were normal by slitlamp biomicroscopy but corneal topography results remained unchanged. Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography examination showed remnant intrastromal lenticule tissue in this affected area. To our knowledge, this is the first case of residue intrastromal lenticule after refractive lenticule extraction. To prevent this complication, we believe it is important to completely dissect the lenticule and carefully examine the intactness of the lenticule during the surgery. Financial Disclosure Neither author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

Purpose To evaluate the initial changes of normal rabbit corneas after collagen cross-linking (CXL) with a femtosecond laser. Design Experimental study in animal eyes. Methods The right eyes of 10 male New Zealand white rabbits were treated with CXL with a femtosecond laser. A femtosecond laser was used to create an intrastromal pocket with 80-μm depth and 7-mm diameter. Intrastromal administration of 0.1% riboflavin solution was made into the femtosecond laser–created pocket and the cornea was irradiated with 3 mW/cm 2 ultraviolet A (UVA) light of mean 370 nm wavelength for 10 minutes. The corneal topography and pachymetry were evaluated by the Pentacam. All observations were performed preoperatively and at postoperative day 1, week 1, week 2, and months 1, 3, and 6. Light microscopy was applied to observe changes in the cornea at postoperative month 6. Results Cornea healing postoperatively was uneventful in all cases. The central corneal thickness (CCT) in the treated rabbit cornea reached the peak value at postoperative day 1, which descended gradually to the minimum at month 1 and returned to a high level at postoperative months 3 and 6. The CCT data postoperatively was significantly thicker than that preoperatively, except at postoperative month 1 ( P > .05). Steepening of the operative area was found at the corneal front at postoperative day 1, which recovered dramatically after only 1 week. Then the treated area gradually flattened over the course of follow-up. In 8 of 10 rabbits, a demarcation line–like change in the stroma was visible in the Scheimpflug image at slightly increased contrast as early as 1 month after CXL treatment. The micromorphologic examination also confirmed the existence of the demarcation line. Crystalline lens transparency remained unchanged all the time. Conclusions CXL with a femtosecond laser appears to be safe. The cornea can realize a faster, uneventful recovery. The stromal demarcation line may be a direct clinical sign to detect an effective corneal cross-linking during the early phase postoperatively.