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Examines the arguments of Judith Jarvis Thomson, who contends that self-defense justifies killing innocent threats but not innocent bystanders, even if the latter obstruct one's ability to flee from a lethal threat. Analysis of the justifications of the war ethic; Discussion on the moral force of noncombatant immunity; Elaboration on the unconditional condemnation of terrorism.

Political interaction among citizens who hold opposing moral views commonly requires reaching beyond toleration, toward actual co-operation with policies one opposes. On the more personal level, however, regarding (e.g.) interactions between healthcare providers and patients, several authors emphasise the importance of preserving integrity. But those who oppose any ‘complicity in evil’ often wrongly conflate instances in which the other's position is (and should be) totally rejected with instances of legitimate, although deep, disagreement. Starting with a striking example from the context of a particular tradition, I argue generally that in the latter sort of disagreements, talk of ‘complicity’ should be largely replaced with a more co-operative moral stance, grounded in a pluralistic framework. Co-operation Despite Disagreement (CDD) should be sought either for institutional reasons – akin to the political – or for relational reasons. CDD involves sharing another's perspective and sometimes calls for adopting another's moral judgements in preference to one's own. I seek to identify some of the conditions and circumstances that would justify such a shift, particularly in scenarios involving assistance, such as physician-assisted suicide (PAS) or the role of an anaesthesiologist in abortion. This discussion is meant to provide examples of the kind of second-order reasons appropriate for determining the terms for CDD – in distinction from first-order considerations (e.g., the much-contested ‘active/passive’ distinction) which are likely to be the subject of the initial disagreement and hence cannot serve to resolve it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Argues for an alternative view of individual self-defense which doesn't condone elimination of blameless people. Undercutting of the attempt to justify the war ethic in terms of individual mortality; Alternative moral analysis of the war ethic; Compromise between individualist and collectivist views of human reality; Moral sanctions for defensive war and private self-defense; More.

The article explores the semantics of the Hebrew word for "sin-offering" and its reflections on the spiritual significance of the ancient Hebrew priestly cult as reflected in the laws of the Pentateuch. Topics addressed include the Biblical processes of atonement and purification, the specific definition and implications of the Jewish sin-offering, and the Jewish understanding of animal blood rituals.

Argues that the doctrine of delegitimizing human intervention continues to underlie certain positions within contemporary Jewish bioethics. Medicine, intervention and providence; Hezekiah and the `Book of Healing'; Science as God's vehicle; Views of providence and medical goals; God's will for the dying.

In this article the author reflects on genetic interventions in medicine. In the article the author offers his opinions on the moral and ethical issues raised by the use of advantageous interventions and on several points which are raised in the article "Physicians' Duties and the Non-Identity Problem" by Tony Hope and John McMillan.

For the last decades, the question of differences in the moral judgments of women and men and the role of an "ethics of care" versus an "ethics of justice" have been debated. The aim of the present study was to explore the gendered aspects of leaders' moral judgments and how they interact with more communal (health/welfare services) versus agentic (banking) organizational contexts. Using qualitative-interpretative analysis, 50 men and women Israeli managers participated in in-depth interviews focused on the ways they construct, understand, and react to ethical work dilemmas. Results suggested that both gender and organizational context contributed to shaping the managers' understandings and decisions regarding the ethical dilemmas in their work. Additionally, the relational target of the dilemma (i.e., clients, employees, supervisors) and situational variables (e.g., ambiguity) affected their moral judgments. Although feminist scholars often have claimed that the ethics of care is excluded from organizational discourse, our findings show that the ethics of care is a significant model for understanding managerial moral judgments. We discuss implications for managers and consultants regarding training of responsible leaders who can represent different moral orientations in their work with multiple stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article comments on an essay by Richard Card which concluded that pharmacists should not be granted a right to conscientious objection with regard to the provision of emergency contraception (EC). A pharmacist who refused to dispense EC is reneging on his professional obligation. He is wrongfully imposing his own views on the client, who is in a position of dependence and vulnerability.

Criticizes an article regarding the dead donor rule in organ transplantation. Review of a related article; Application of the rule to patients in a persistent vegetative state; Issues related to brain death.

Objectives: This document provides an English translation of the Israeli Joint Commission's national guidelines for triaging severely ill patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Four subcommittees of medical, legal, ethical-social, and religious experts developed the general principles and practical medical criteria for triaging scarce life-saving resources. Results: The guidelines provide an overview of general principles as well as pragmatic medical criteria and a practical triage protocol to be followed should the healthcare system be overwhelmed due to COVID-19. Issues covered include triggers for activating the guidelines, guiding ethical, legal, and religious principles, equity in access, fair distribution, transparency, consistency, palliation, medical policy prioritization, problem-solving mechanisms, and public trust. Conclusions: The Israeli consensus document and pragmatic medical triage protocol offer a societal and medical roadmap for allocating scarce resources during the COVID-19 pandemic or other disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]