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Neonatal invasive infections caused by Escherichia coli K1 are still major health problems and effective preventive strategies at the maternal level can be a concern. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rectovaginal colonization, related risk factors, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance properties of E. coli K1 among pregnant women. In this cross-sectional study, vaginal and rectal swabs were collected from 400 pregnant women. The identification of E. coli isolates was performed by microbiological tests. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to identify the E. coli K1 strains. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion. Two duplex PCR assays were developed separately to detect genes encoding virulence determinants (fimH, hlyF, ibeA, and iucC) in the E. coli strains. The vaginal and rectal maternal E. coli K1 colonization rates were 3.7% and 19.25%, respectively. There is no significant association between demographic-obstetric factors and vaginal E. coli colonization in pregnant women. The most effective antibiotics against E. coli K1 strains were imipenem, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime. In our study, the E. coli K1 strains were significantly more likely to possess the fimH (90.9% vs. 60.7%) and iucC (90.9% vs. 53.6%) than the E. coli non-K1 strains. This study demonstrates that E. coli K1 seems to be more virulent than non-K1 strains. Our findings highlight the importance of screening pregnant women for vaginal colonization by E. coli K1 and of the appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of early-onset E. coli neonatal infection and comorbidity.

The Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism(PE) and one of the causes of death during the pregnancy. During the pregnancy, Multiple changes to the mother's coagulation system lead to high coagulation. The results have shown that approximately 1 in every 200-500 women during the pregnancy with venous thromboembolism and 30% in those with pulmonary embolism. During the third trimester of pregnancy, and especially during the first two weeks after childbirth, the risk of (VTE) increases in women. The risk of VTE after pregnancy is 5 times higher than that of the during pregnancy. Also, Pregnancy alone is a risk factor for VTE, And, besides, some women have a high risk of developing the VTE. The most important risk factors for VTE during pregnancy include the previous history of VTE, acquired thrombophilia, history of previous VTE due to major surgery, Medical problems (including cancer, heart disease, etc.), hereditary thrombophilia are high risk (Table 1). Due to numerous clinical conditions and also the risks of an embryo and mother seeking anticoagulant therapy, management during pregnancy should be taken into consideration. Therefore, according to the latest instructions from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, it was decided to design the software in order to prevent the occurrence of VTE.

Neonatal invasive infections caused by

The new species Leptopus gakalae is described from caves in Iran and compared to congeners occurring in the western Palearctic region. Figures are provided of the dorsal habitus and diagnostic morphological characters. Also provided are additional records for other species of Leptopus Latrielle, 1809, occurring from India westward through Europe and North Africa, as well as the first North American record of Leptopus marmoratus (Goeze, 1778) based on an agricultural quarantine intercept. A key is provided to all species of Leptopus occurring in the Western Palearctic region. Notes are also provided on other species of Heteroptera occurring in Iranian caves, with special reference to the small water strider Velia affinis Kolenati, 1857.

In a sample collection trip across Fars Province, Iran, Gerris thoracicus, G. costae, G. argentatus, and Metrocoris communis were found and macropterous form of M. communis is described for the first time.

Introduction Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in females demonstrating approximately more than 7% of all woman cancer mortality in 2018. HPV infection considered as the pivotal risk factor for cervical cancer induction. Permanent infection with carcinogenic genital HPVs increases the predisposition of cervical cancer. In this study, we investigated the frequency of HPV genotypes in a sample of Iranian population. Methods Therefore, 2135 individuals with genital warts between 2015 and 2018 recruited to the study. After DNA extraction, PCR amplification and genotyping were employed by HPV Direct Flow CHIP Kit and the e-BRID System®, supported by hybriSoft ™. HPV was found in 92% of the samples obtained from the patients. Results In total, 12.6% and 87.4% of warts were positive for any high-risk and low-risk genotypes, respectively. HPV 16 and 6 were the most predominant HR and LR genotypes in all categorized age groups (5.26% and 40.71%, respectively). Moreover, by getting older, the frequency of HPV 6 was decreased (P = 0 .018, r = −0.050) and the frequency of HPV 56 was increased (P =0 .026, r = 0.044). Conclusion Although we noticed lower prevalence of high risk HPV particularly 16 and 18 in genital warts in the East of Iran; however, genotyping of genital warts still recommended.

Background: Infection by certain types of human papilloma virus (HPV) is known as a causal and essential factor for cervical cancer, the second most common malignancy in women around the world. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and types of HPV among women with normal and abnormal cytology in Southern Khorasan, eastern Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 253 randomized Pap smear samples from women who were referred to gynecologist clinics. Human papillomavirus-DNA testing (a nested PCR with primers MY09/ MY11 and GP5 +/ GP6 +) was performed on Pap smear samples. The first round PCR product was subjected for sequencing to determine the HPV types. Phylogenic analysis with Mega 6 was carried out to determine the relationship between HPV types. Results: The mean age of patients were 34.47 ± 5.38 years; 85.77% with normal cytology, and the rest were with an abnormality; atypical cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LISL). Human papilloma virus-DNA was detected in 18.57% of population (15.66% of normal and 36.11% of abnormal group) with the most prevalent HPV types 6 and 11. The HPV type 84 was identified in a case. Conclusions: The result of this study revealed a partially high prevalence of HPV in women with normal cytology which are high risk for transmission in population. It is suggested that HPV testing should be carried out along with Pap test in screening programs to enhance early detection of neoplasia and intended infections.