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The member of trace-amine associated receptor family, TAAR5 receptor was suggested to recognize tertiary amines, mostly in the olfactory system; however, knocking out the receptor TAAR5 in mice showed an enhancing effect on adult neurogenesis and dopamine neurotransmission in the striatum. To estimate the role of the TAAR5, we performed gene expression profiling of striatal samples from TAAR5 knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type littermates. The higher expression of several genes involved in dopaminergic signaling and the downregulation of genes associated with gliogenesis were revealed in TAAR5-KO mice. Meanwhile, the upregulating effect of TAAR5 knockout on genes was associated with neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. The estimation of cell-type relative abundance through the deconvolution of RNA sequencing data demonstrated that TAAR5-KO striatum samples contain more D2 dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons but fewer astrocytes than wild-type mice. Our findings indicate that previously identified improvement in cognitive functions and motor coordination in TAAR5-KO mice may activate genes involved in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and synapse organization in the striatum. These data suggest that the pharmaceutical targeting of TAAR5 may improve striatum-dependent cognitive or motor functions. At the same time, a more detailed investigation of future TAAR5 antagonists’ effect on glia development is necessary.

The article proves that there is an urgent need to determine the key performance indicators of the company and to improve the methods of determining capitalization and profitability, for which accounting data is insufficient, because it ignores the costs of capital obtaining, the impact of changes in accounting policies, and the possibility of data manipulation. It was determined that in countries with a developed stock market, the performance of public companies is most often predicted through their share prices, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), earnings per share (EPS), return on invested capital (ROIC), return on investment (ROI), Economic Value Added (EVA), Economic Value Added Momentum (EVAM). It was found that Ukraine is a unique example of the disappearance in recent years of a stock market created from scratch in the 1990s; the causes of the problems hindering the development of the stock market of Ukraine are outlined. The essence and purpose of EVA, EPS, P/E indicators are considered in order to propose ways of their modification or replacement in the absence of a stock market. It has been proven that the market capitalization indicator cannot be used for non-joint-stock companies; and the main problem of determining EVA for a non-joint-stock company or in the absence of a stock market is determining the value of equity capital. Under such conditions, it is proposed to choose one of the classic approaches to the assessment of the value of capital - expense (Method of net assets, Method of probability of liquidation), income (Method of discounted dividends, Method of discounted cash flows), market (Method of multipliers, Method of deals, Method of industry ratios). It is also suggested to choose the Net Present Value (NPV) indicator for strategic management, because NPV maximization, even with negative EVA values, is sometimes a higher priority task than EVA maximization. But using NPV has the same problem as EVA using, it is choosing a discount rate. Various methods of calculating the value of equity capital are proposed: the capital asset valuation model (CARM); subjective assessment: interest on long-term government bonds or deposits; average profitability in the industry. Earnings per share (EPS) can be replaced by return on equity and even return on equity. With the ratio of the market value of the share to the net earnings per share (P/E), it is much more difficult, because the calculation of the market value under such conditions is not available. It is noted that the types of enterprises, which are usually public and private, differ. For example, despite being small in their early stages, technology firms typically go public. Smaller companies tend to experience a greater negative impact from higher interest rates and inflation. It is concluded that all indicators should be treated with skepticism and used only as tools, not as drivers, and other factors should also be taken into account during the holistic assessment of investments: dividends, projected future profits, corporate culture, social responsibility of the company.

The development and implementation of the latest technologies requires certain changes in the management of enterprises, organizations and banks that seek to be competitive in the market. Many studies state that enterprises and organizations that are flexible and quickly adapt to changes in the external environment, quickly improve management, taking into account all approaches and methods, are successful in the market and successfully adapt to changes. Financial management in enterprises, organizations and banks through processes that enable effective management is an important and rather complex issue. It should be noted that in Ukraine, the improvement of financial management through the use of the latest technologies, such as, for example, digitalization, is not very active. At the same time, most enterprises in developed countries demonstrate examples of the implementation of various innovative financial management tools. These and other important questions need to be explored. In the scientific article, the analysis of information software, which is the most common in use, is carried out, their distinguishing characteristics are given, and the expediency of introducing innovative information technologies into the financial management system of domestic enterprises, organizations, financial and banking institutions to automate the planning and forecasting process is justified. The experience of 25 foreign industries that use information software was considered, and those that are most popular among foreign enterprises were determined. The authors considered the most prevailing in use foreign software, which can be used by domestic companies, provided the distinctive characteristics of such software and cited the examples of foreign companies that have already had experience in using the specified programs to automate the planning and forecasting process. The experience of 25 foreign industries was examined in this regard. There was created a comparison matrix between functions of the foreign software for automation of the processes of financial planning and forecasting: functions of the planning process, forecasting, reporting, and conducting analytics. Based on the results of the analysis, foreign software for automation of the planning and forecasting processes at enterprises was ranked according to four criteria: general rating, ease of use, quality of support, and ease of configuration. Special attention was paid to the most modern new generation business platform for financial planning and forecasting called Oracle Enterprise Performance Management (EPM) System, its modules were considered and advantages in practical use were determined. The list of the most popular information programs that can be used by domestic enterprises, organizations, and financial and banking institutions for effective financial management was given. These are BAS ERP, SAP ERP, “Galaxy ERP”, SyteLine, “Parus ERP”, Oracle E- business Suit, and Microsoft Dynamics AX. Conclusions and proposals were made regarding the implementation of information technologies for the purpose of effective financial management of domestic enterprises, organizations, and financial and banking institutions.

The essence and impact of crises on the activities and future of enterprises are studied, a critical analysis of scientific and applied sources on anti-crisis financial management is conducted, it is found that crises can occur at all stages of the enterprise life cycle. For early recognition of the signs and causes of the crisis in the enterprise, its prevention and elimination, it is necessary to use special methods of comprehensive diagnosis of the state of the enterprise. It is revealed that in the process of anti-crisis financial management a number of tasks are solved: adaptation to the environment; redistribution of resources; strengthening the company’s market position; formation of strategic vision of managers. Measures on anti-crisis financial management are considered on the example of two companies, the common feature of which is that a comprehensive financial analysis of each of them showed very contradictory results. It is proposed to introduce an early warning system in the framework of anti-crisis financial management, as the typical problems of most companies are ineffective risk management because of late detection and neutralization. It is proposed to create an early warning system based on a system of balanced scorecard, supplemented by an innovative component. Based on the developed strategic map of MS Trade Ukraine LLC, the main target indicators were determined, to which the rating method was applied. The analysis showed almost the lowest limit of satisfactory efficiency of MS Trade Ukraine LLC and the fact that the biggest problems are with the financial component. A system of anti-crisis management measures has been developed for NOVA TV and Radio Company LLC: delegation of powers; reporting optimization; detailing information; updating of reporting; reduction of costs, among which it is first proposed to improve the automation of enterprise accounting, as well as to establish a budgeting system and management accounting in general. All standard directories and analysts of the system are set up for management accounting, budgets are developed, the data of which are used to form the main report of the system, which is called «Management balance sheet». Such measures allowed to provide up-to-date information on accounting and management accounting and analysis, as well as significantly reduce the complexity of collecting data required for management, and automatically transform the collected information into the form required by top management. Also, NOVA TV and Radio Company LLC has been offered ways to optimize the budget process, which allows for high-quality modeling and forecasting of business development on the basis of mathematical models. The introduction of a specialized budgeting contour helped to quickly compile the cash flow budget, expenditure and revenue budget, forecast balance, minimize the human factor in the preparation of financial statements, make full use of the strategy (plan the budget based on previous periods, taking into account factors).

The two most common blockchain-based digital assets are cryptocurrencies and tokens. This paper is devoted to investigation of the nature and purpose of tokens, their relationship with the blockchain, cryptocurrencies and digital assets, as well as the study of legal aspects of Ukrainian economy tokenization. Tokenization is the replacement of true values with virtual ones, a way to protect personal data with tokens (combinations of symbols on the Internet that do not valuable to fraudsters). The purpose of tokenization is to protect sensitive data. Obstacles to the transition of real assets into the digital space: unlimited access to assets and excessive ease of registration and closing of accounts; there is no single approach to tokenization that affects other aspects (asset management and role allocation, security, integration with traditional payment systems). Therefore, state regulation is necessary. Ukraine adopts the law project #3637 “On Virtual Assets”, which determines the legal status of virtual assets, provides legal protection to users and market participants, allows foreign and Ukrainian crypto exchanges to operate officially, gives banks the right to open accounts for crypto companies, allows Ukrainians to declare their profits in virtual assets. A detailed study of the bill #3637 raised a number of questions: - what is the legal meaning of the term “token” (the definition of virtual assets is given, but their variants are not there, virtual assets are considered as property and not as a financial instrument); - who will actually be the regulator of the virtual assets market; - classification of tokens (there is only a division of virtual assets into secured and unsecured, although, depending on asset which is the basis for token, it may be difficult to determine its type, which may lead to incorrect regulation or lack thereof where necessary); - establishment of types of secured tokens, regulation of the order of their issuance and turnover, set of requirements to issuers and token issuance system; - providing legal mechanisms to protect the rights of investors, ensuring the security of the underlying asset (unclear legal status of tokenized assets carries a risk for market participants, i.e. it is necessary to ensure guarantees of issued tokens connection with real objects); - determining the legal status of smart contracts, as they are the basis of token agreements, but are not considered legal agreements; - interaction with other jurisdictions, harmonization of legislation. Therefore, the bill needs to be finalized and supplemented with relevant bylaws - so that domestic and foreign potential investors can take advantage of assets tokenization: inclusiveness; justice; transparency; liquidity; accountability; reduction in price; security (entry in the register in the form of a unique code); efficiency (speed); flexibility (crushing); availability (online without physical presence). Therefore, any investor and issuer of tokenized assets must act with reasonable caution and taking into account possible inaccuracies in the law, assess legal and financial risks, and only then decide on tokenization.

The member of trace-amine associated receptor family, TAAR5 receptor was suggested to recognize tertiary amines, mostly in the olfactory system; however, knocking out the receptor TAAR5 in mice showed an enhancing effect on adult neurogenesis and dopamine neurotransmission in the striatum. To estimate the role of the TAAR5, we performed gene expression profiling of striatal samples from TAAR5 knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type littermates. The higher expression of several genes involved in dopaminergic signaling and the downregulation of genes associated with gliogenesis were revealed in TAAR5-KO mice. Meanwhile, the upregulating effect of TAAR5 knockout on genes was associated with neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. The estimation of cell-type relative abundance through the deconvolution of RNA sequencing data demonstrated that TAAR5-KO striatum samples contain more D2 dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons but fewer astrocytes than wild-type mice. Our findings indicate that previously identified improvement in cognitive functions and motor coordination in TAAR5-KO mice may activate genes involved in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and synapse organization in the striatum. These data suggest that the pharmaceutical targeting of TAAR5 may improve striatum-dependent cognitive or motor functions. At the same time, a more detailed investigation of future TAAR5 antagonists' effect on glia development is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The banking paradigm is being transformed because users have changed. They need a new model of service: timely, efficient, profitable and effortless. Banks should be prepared to disclose their data to partners (fintech companies, IT developers, retail chains) using standardized and open application programming interfaces (API). They must also be prepared to connect to new industry platforms, where they act as participants rather than owners of experience and customer relationships. Such a comprehensive transformation takes long time and is determined by the bank’s risk appetite and readiness to digital business. There are classification and main relationships between the terms that denote promising areas of modern banking (Lifestyle-banking, Behavioral banking, Bank-as-a-Service, Open banking, Omnichannel banking, White label banking, Neobanks). It is determined that the concepts of Lifestyle-banking and Behavioral banking are close, but the latter is aimed at the formation of rational financial behavior, which creates a conflict of interests, as financial culture begins to excite the classic bank only when large loan arrears. Omnichannel is an additional characteristic of Lifestyle and Behavioral banks, and all of them are impossible without Open banking. The substructure of Open Banking is the concepts of BaaS and White label banking. To speed up interaction between different stakeholders, Open Banking is based on an API that traditional banks have avoided for security reasons. PSD2 has been introduced as the legal basis for opening bank data of customers with their permission to authorized third-party suppliers. Trends in rethinking banking: digitization of all elements of the banking business; focus on customer needs; cooperation with fintech companies to stimulate innovations; creation of a standardized structure for exchange of banking data through API; abstraction from the peculiarities of each banking system; development of intuitive banking operations; transition to component architectures or modular structures to facilitate and accelerate the development of new services and channels; increasing the level of consumer protection. A comparative characterization of what the banking revolution can give to society as a whole and to each client individually, and the risks that we must be aware of, is given. It is determined what modern banks need to do to increase their competitiveness: review their strategic goals and place more emphasis on consumer experience; use the accumulated analytics for individualized customer service, which will increase profitability; develop a clear and flexible management structure that easily adapts to the changing business environment, provides coherence, adaptability, speed and reliability throughout the ecosystem to turn business components into interchangeable and reusable assembly units of processes or services; identify key indicators, regularly measure them and compile reports, structuring business relationships.

By empirically examining the commodity structure of Japan's exports in 2000–2020, the authors have identified product groups with increased, diminished, newly emerged, and lost revealed comparative advantages (RCA). In 2020, Japan had RCA in 24 product groups with relatively high levels of product complexity and thus managed to maintain its highly diversified trade portfolio. However, increasing global competition poses potential risks to Japan's exports. Eight product groups with diminished and two product groups with lost RCA are signs of Japan's unsuccessful adaptation to the structural changes on the world markets. The newly emerged RCA, predominantly in the chemicals and allied industries, still mostly have lower index values in comparison to major trade partners, however, their contribution to Japan's exports is likely to expand. To enhance its comparative advantages, Japan should foster innovation which may positively affect national competitiveness but this depends on how the country will adapt to domestic and global challenges.

The findings of investigations published between 2000 and 2016 on the study of parental interaction with children with a risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were analyzed. The article demonstrates that early parent-child interaction in such families has distinctive features and can be one of the significant factors of both the risk of ASD development in children at an early age and the compensation of their manifestations. At the same time, such characteristics of the parent-child interaction as maternal sensitivity (the ability to perceive and accurately interpret the child's attachment signals and be able to respond promptly and adequately to these signals) and synchronism (the coordination of movements, actions and other time-dependent indicators; joint attention) are not early markers of ASD development in a child. The authors noted that the issues of parent-child interaction are rarely studied, and the survey samples are limited.

The study is supported the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, assignment no. 28.125.2016/НМ The paper discusses the problems of the intercultural socio-psychological adaptation of students studying in Russian institutes of higher education. The implementation of the program of the intercultural socio-psychological adaptation of foreign students is of special relevance. The article describes the logical structure of the program, its conceptual framework, methodological principles, conditions of implementation, and applied methods. The authors (a) developed a foreign student’s portrait, (b) distinguished structural components (social and psychological characteristics) of this portrait, (c) described areas of work on the implementation of the intercultural sociopsychological adaptation of foreign students, and (d) developed recommendations for optimizing the process of adaptation in the educational environment of the institute of higher education. The paper focuses on urgent issues of intercultural communication, linguoculturology, psychology, sociology, and mass communication. To create the necessary prerequisites for possible future activities in the field the unified educational environment in the framework of the Bologna process, the consideration of these problems might be helpful in the effective and competent organization of the intercultural adaptation of foreign students in the unified educational space of the international-oriented institute of higher education, taking into account the rich experience of Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H. M. Berbekov. The authors offered modern methods of socio-psychological support for the intercultural adaptation of foreign students in the educational space of the institute of higher education. Socio-psychological support for foreign students is an integral, systematically organized activity, which creates favorable conditions for the successful functioning of the person. This is the best way contributing to successful intercultural adaptation of foreign students. Socio-psychological support for foreign students creates conditions for the preservation of the cultural guide of students as representatives of their country, actualization of the existing socio-cultural knowledge, getting the information about the diversity and value of various cultures, increasing the level of intercultural competence, understanding of the necessity of tolerant relation to other cultures and existence of universal values.

Contemporary historiography aims to present an overview of the contemporary state of research into the Russian emigre community, to reveal priority directions and promising avenues. Centers for the study of the Russian expatriate community were set up.