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1. Sentinel responses of Arctic freshwater systems to climate: linkages, evidence, and a roadmap for future research

Author

Saros, Jasmine E, Arp, Christopher D, Bouchard, Frédéric, Comte, Jérôme, Couture, Raoul-Marie, Dean, Joshua F, Lafrenière, Melissa, MacIntyre, Sally, McGowan, Suzanne, Rautio, Milla, Prater, Clay, Tank, Suzanne E, Walvoord, Michelle, Wickland, Kimberly P, Antoniades, Dermot, Ayala-Borda, Paola, Canario, Joao, Drake, Travis W, Folhas, Diogo, Hazuková, Václava, Kivilä, Henriikka, Klanten, Yohanna, Lamoureux, Scott, Laurion, Isabelle, Pilla, Rachel M, Vonk, Jorien E, Zolkos, Scott, and Vincent, Warwick F

Subjects
Climate Action, Climate change, climate indicators, Arctic lakes, Arctic rivers, polar limnology
Abstract

While the sentinel nature of freshwater systems is now well recognized, widespread integration of freshwater processes and patterns into our understanding of broader climate-driven Arctic terrestrial ecosystem change has been slow. We review the current understanding across Arctic freshwater systems of key sentinel responses to climate, which are attributes of these systems with demonstrated and sensitive responses to climate forcing. These include ice regimes, temperature and thermal structure, river baseflow, lake area and water level, permafrost-derived dissolved ions and nutrients, carbon mobilization (dissolved organic carbon, greenhouse gases, and radiocarbon), dissolved oxygen concentrations, lake trophic state, various aquatic organisms and their traits, and invasive species. For each sentinel, our objectives are to clarify linkages to climate, describe key insights already gained, and provide suggestions for future research based on current knowledge gaps. We suggest that tracking key responses in Arctic freshwater systems will expand understanding of the breadth and depth of climate-driven Arctic ecosystem changes, provide early indicators of looming, broader changes across the landscape, and improve protection of freshwater biodiversity and resources.

Published
2023

3. The Multi-Compartment Hg Modeling and Analysis Project (MCHgMAP): Mercury modeling to support international environmental policy

Author

Dastoor, Ashu, primary, Angot, Hélène, additional, Bieser, Johannes, additional, Brocza, Flora, additional, Edwards, Brock, additional, Feinberg, Aryeh, additional, Feng, Xinbin, additional, Geyman, Benjamin, additional, Gournia, Charikleia, additional, He, Yipeng, additional, Hedgecock, Ian M., additional, Ilyin, Ilia, additional, Keating, Terry, additional, Kirk, Jane, additional, Lin, Che-Jen, additional, Lehnherr, Igor, additional, Mason, Robert, additional, McLagan, David, additional, Muntean, Marilena, additional, Rafaj, Peter, additional, Roy, Eric M., additional, Ryjkov, Andrei, additional, Selin, Noelle E., additional, De Simone, Francesco, additional, Soerensen, Anne L., additional, Steenhuisen, Frits, additional, Travnikov, Oleg, additional, Wang, Shuxiao, additional, Wang, Xun, additional, Wilson, Simon, additional, Wu, Rosa, additional, Wu, Qingru, additional, Zhang, Yanxu, additional, Zhou, Jun, additional, Zhu, Wei, additional, and Zolkos, Scott, additional

Published
2024
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4. Legacy Contamination from Mercury Mining in the Fergana Valley Region of Central Asia

Author

Pelletier, Alexander R., primary, Zhulidov, Alexander V., additional, Kozhara, Alexander V., additional, Rakhmatov, Ulmas, additional, Urmanov, Solijon M., additional, Gurtovaya, Tatiana Yu., additional, Sheverdyaev, Igor V., additional, Robarts, Richard D., additional, Zhulidov, Daniel A., additional, Zolkos, Scott, additional, Kalko, Evgenia A., additional, Kuklina, Yana A., additional, Kosmenko, Lyudmila S., additional, Jardine, Timothy D., additional, Mirzaev, Dilshod M., additional, Abdisamatov, Elmurodjon D., additional, and Volkov, Igor K., additional

Published
2023
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5. Introduction

Author

Boyer, Tim, primary, Bartow-Gillies, Ellen, additional, Abida, A., additional, Ades, Melanie, additional, Adler, Robert, additional, Adusumilli, Susheel, additional, Agyakwah, W., additional, Ahmasuk, Brandon, additional, Aldeco, Laura S., additional, Alexe, Mihai, additional, Alfaro, Eric J., additional, Allan, Richard P., additional, Allgood, Adam, additional, Alves, Lincoln. M., additional, Amador, Jorge A., additional, Anderson, John, additional, Andrade, B., additional, Anneville, Orlane, additional, Aono, Yasuyuki, additional, Arguez, Anthony, additional, Arosio, Carlo, additional, Atkinson, C., additional, Augustine, John A., additional, Avalos, Grinia, additional, Azorin-Molina, Cesar, additional, Backensto, Stacia A., additional, Bader, Stephan, additional, Baez, Julian, additional, Baiman, Rebecca, additional, Ballinger, Thomas J., additional, Banwell, Alison F., additional, Bardin, M. Yu, additional, Barichivich, Jonathan, additional, Barnes, John E., additional, Barreira, Sandra, additional, Beadling, Rebecca L., additional, Beck, Hylke E., additional, Becker, Emily J., additional, Bekele, E., additional, Bellido, Guillem Martín, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Benedetti, Angela, additional, Benestad, Rasmus, additional, Berne, Christine, additional, Berner, Logan. T., additional, Bernhard, Germar H., additional, Bhatt, Uma S., additional, Bhuiyan, A. E., additional, Bigalke, Siiri, additional, Biló, Tiago, additional, Bissolli, Peter, additional, Bjerke Jarle, W., additional, Blagrave, Kevin, additional, Blake, Eric S., additional, Blenkinsop, Stephen, additional, Blunden, Jessica, additional, Bochníček, Oliver, additional, Bock, Olivier, additional, Bodenstein, Barbara, additional, Bodin, Xavier, additional, Bosilovich, Michael, additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Bozkurt, Deniz, additional, Brettschneider, Brian, additional, Bringas, Francis G., additional, Bringas, Francis, additional, Buechler, Dennis, additional, Buehler, Stefan A., additional, Bukunt, Brandon, additional, Calderón, Blanca, additional, Camargo, Suzana J., additional, Campbell, Jayaka, additional, Campos, Diego, additional, Carrea, Laura, additional, Carter, Brendan R., additional, Cetinić, Ivona, additional, Chambers, Don P., additional, Chan, Duo, additional, Chandler, Elise, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Chen, Hua, additional, Chen, Lin, additional, Cheng, Lijing, additional, Cheng, Vincent Y. S., additional, Chomiak, Leah, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Christy, John R., additional, Chung, Eui-Seok, additional, Ciasto, Laura M., additional, Clarke, Leonardo, additional, Clem, Kyle R., additional, Clingan, Scott, additional, Coelho, Caio A.S., additional, Cohen, Judah L., additional, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, additional, Colwell, Steve, additional, Cooper, Owen R., additional, Cornes, Richard C., additional, Correa, Kris, additional, Costa, Felipe, additional, Covey, Curt, additional, Coy, Lawrence, additional, Créatux, Jean-François, additional, Crhova, Lenka, additional, Crimmins, Theresa, additional, Cronin, Meghan F., additional, Cropper, Thomas, additional, Crotwell, Molly, additional, Culpepper, Joshua, additional, Cunha, Ana P., additional, Cusicanqui, Diego, additional, Datta, Rajashree T., additional, Davis, Sean M., additional, De Bock, Veerle, additional, de Jeu, Richard A. M., additional, De Laat, Jos, additional, Decharme, Bertrand, additional, Degenstein, Doug, additional, Delaloye, Reynald, additional, Demircan, Mesut, additional, Derksen, Chris, additional, Deus, Ricardo, additional, Dhurmea, K. R., additional, Diamond, Howard J., additional, Dirkse, S., additional, Divine, Dmitry, additional, Dokulil, Martin T., additional, Donat, Markus G., additional, Dong, Shenfu, additional, Dorigo, Wouter A., additional, Drost Jensen, Caroline, additional, Druckenmiller, Matthew L., additional, Drumond, Paula, additional, du Plessis, Marcel, additional, Dugan, Hilary A., additional, Dulamsuren, Dashkhuu, additional, Dunmire, Devon, additional, Dunn, Robert J. H., additional, Durre, Imke, additional, Dusek, Robert, additional, Dutton, Geoff, additional, Duveiller, Gregory, additional, Ekici, Mithat, additional, Elias Chereque, Alesksandra, additional, ElKharrim, M., additional, Epstein, Howard E., additional, Espinoza, Jhan-Carlo, additional, Estilow, Thomas W., additional, Estrella, Nicole, additional, Fauchereau, Nicolas, additional, Fausto, Robert S., additional, Feely, Richard A., additional, Fenimore, Chris, additional, Fereday, David, additional, Fettweis, Xavier, additional, Fioletov, vitali E., additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Fogarty, Chris, additional, Fogt, Ryan L., additional, Forbes, Bruce C., additional, Foster, Michael J., additional, Franz, Bryan A., additional, Freeman, Natalie M., additional, Fricker, Helen A., additional, Frith, Stacey M., additional, Froidevaux, Lucien, additional, Frost, Gerald V. (JJ), additional, Fuhrman, Steven, additional, Füllekrug, Martin, additional, Ganter, Catherine, additional, Gao, Meng, additional, Gardner, Alex S., additional, Garforth, Judith, additional, Garg, Jay, additional, Gerland, Sebastian, additional, Gibbes, Badin, additional, Gille, Sarah T., additional, Gilson, John, additional, Gleason, Karin, additional, Gobron, Nadine, additional, Goetz, Scott J., additional, Goldenberg, Stanley B., additional, Goni, Gustavo, additional, Goodman, Steven, additional, Goto, Atsushi, additional, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, additional, Gruber, Alexander, additional, Gu, Guojun, additional, Guard, Charles “Chip” P., additional, Hagos, S., additional, Hahn, Sebastian, additional, Haimberger, Leopold, additional, Hall, Bradley D., additional, Hamlington, Benjamin D., additional, Hanna, Edward, additional, Hanssen-Bauer, Inger, additional, Harnos, Daniel S., additional, Harris, Ian, additional, He, Qiong, additional, Heim, Richard R., additional, Hellström, Sverker, additional, Hemming, Deborah L., additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Hicks, J., additional, Hidalgo, Hugo G., additional, Hirschi, Martin, additional, Ho, Shu-peng (Ben), additional, Hobbs, W., additional, Holmes, Robert M., additional, Holzworth, Robert, additional, Hrbáček, Filip, additional, Hu, Guojie, additional, Hu, Zeng-Zhen, additional, Huang, Boyin, additional, Huang, Hongjie, additional, Hurst, Dale F., additional, Ialongo, Iolanda, additional, Inness, Antje, additional, Isaksen, Ketil, additional, Ishii, Masayoshi, additional, Jadra, Gerardo, additional, Jevrejeva, Svetlana, additional, John, Viju O., additional, Johns, W., additional, Johnsen, Bjørn, additional, Johnson, Bryan, additional, Johnson, Gregory C., additional, Jones, Philip D., additional, Jones, Timothy, additional, Josey, Simon A., additional, Jumaux, G., additional, Junod, Robert, additional, Kääb, Andreas, additional, Kabidi, K., additional, Kaiser, Johannes W., additional, Kaler, Robb S.A., additional, Kaleschke, Lars, additional, Kaufmann, Viktor, additional, Kazemi, Amin Fazl, additional, Keller, Linda M., additional, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Andreas, additional, Kendon, Mike, additional, Kennedy, John, additional, Kent, Elizabeth C., additional, Kerr, Kenneth, additional, Khan, Valentina, additional, Khiem, Mai Van, additional, Kidd, Richard, additional, Kim, Mi Ju, additional, Kim, Seong-Joong, additional, Kipling, Zak, additional, Klotzbach, Philip J., additional, Knaff, John A., additional, Koppa, Akash, additional, Korshunova, Natalia N., additional, Kraemer, Benjamin M., additional, Kramarova, Natalya A., additional, Kruger, A. C., additional, Kruger, Andries, additional, Kumar, Arun, additional, L’Heureux, Michelle, additional, La Fuente, Sofia, additional, Laas, Alo, additional, Labe, Zachary M., additional, Lader, Rick, additional, Lakatos, Mónika, additional, Lakkala, Kaisa, additional, Lam, Hoang Phuc, additional, Lan, Xin, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Landsea, Chris W., additional, Lang, Timothy, additional, Lankhorst, Matthias, additional, Lantz, Kathleen O., additional, Lara, Mark J., additional, Lavado-Casimiro, Waldo, additional, Lavers, David A., additional, Lazzara, Matthew A., additional, Leblanc, Thierry, additional, Lee, Tsz-Cheung, additional, Leibensperger, Eric M., additional, Lennard, Chris, additional, Leuliette, Eric, additional, Leung, Kinson H. Y., additional, Lieser, Jan L., additional, Likso, Tanja, additional, Lin, I-I., additional, Lindsey, Jackie, additional, Liu, Yakun, additional, Locarnini, Ricardo, additional, Loeb, Norman G., additional, Loomis, Bryant D., additional, Lorrey, Andrew M., additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Lu, Rui, additional, Lumpkin, Rick, additional, Luo, Jing-Jia, additional, Luojus, Kari, additional, Lyman, John M., additional, Maberly, Stephen C., additional, Macander, Matthew J., additional, MacFerrin, Michael, additional, MacGilchrist, Graeme A., additional, MacLennan, Michelle L., additional, Madelon, Remi, additional, Magee, Andrew D., additional, Magnin, Florence, additional, Mamen, Jostein, additional, Mankoff, Ken D., additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, Marcinonienė, Izolda, additional, Marengo, Jose A., additional, Marjan, Mohammadi, additional, Martínez, Ana E., additional, Massom, Robert A., additional, Matsuzaki, Shin-Ichiro, additional, May, Linda, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, Mazloff, Matthew R., additional, McAfee, Stephanie A., additional, McBride, C., additional, McCabe, Matthew F., additional, McClelland, James W., additional, McPhaden, Michael J., additional, Mcvicar, Tim R., additional, Mears, Carl A., additional, Meier, Walter N., additional, Mekonnen, A., additional, Menzel, Annette, additional, Merchant, Christopher J., additional, Merrifield, Mark A., additional, Meyer, Michael F., additional, Meyers, Tristan, additional, Mikolajczyk, David E., additional, Miller, John B., additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Misevicius, Noelia, additional, Mishonov, Alexey, additional, Mitchum, Gary T., additional, Moat, Ben I., additional, Moesinger, Leander, additional, Moise, Aurel, additional, Molina-Carpio, Jorge, additional, Monet, Ghislaine, additional, Montzka, Stephan A., additional, Moon, Twila A., additional, Moore, G. W. K., additional, Mora, Natali, additional, Morán, Johnny, additional, Morehen, Claire, additional, Morice, Colin, additional, Mostafa, A. E., additional, Mote, Thomas L., additional, Mrekaj, Ivan, additional, Mudryk, Lawrence, additional, Mühle, Jens, additional, Müller, Rolf, additional, Nance, David, additional, Nash, Eric R., additional, Nerem, R. Steven, additional, Newman, Paul A., additional, Nicolas, Julien P., additional, Nieto, Juan J., additional, Noetzli, Jeannette, additional, Noll, Ben, additional, Norton, Taylor, additional, Nyland, Kelsey E., additional, O’Keefe, John, additional, Ochwat, Naomi, additional, Oikawa, Yoshinori, additional, Okunaka, Yuka, additional, Osborn, Timothy J., additional, Overland, James E., additional, Park, Taejin, additional, Parrington, Mark, additional, Parrish, Julia K., additional, Pasch, Richard J., additional, Pascual Ramírez, Reynaldo, additional, Pellet, Cécile, additional, Pelto, Mauri S., additional, Perčec Tadić, Melita, additional, Perovich, Donald K., additional, Petersen, Guðrún Nína, additional, Petersen, Kyle, additional, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, additional, Petty, Alek, additional, Pezza, Alexandre B., additional, Pezzi, Luciano P., additional, Phillips, Coda, additional, Phoenix, Gareth K., additional, Pierson, Don, additional, Pinto, Izidine, additional, Pires, Vanda, additional, Pitts, Michael, additional, Po-Chedley, Stephen, additional, Pogliotti, Paolo, additional, Poinar, Kristin, additional, Polvani, Lorenzo, additional, Preimesberger, Wolfgang, additional, Price, Colin, additional, Pulkkanen, Merja, additional, Purkey, Sarah G., additional, Qiu, Bo, additional, Quisbert, Kenny, additional, Quispe, Willy R., additional, Rajeevan, M., additional, Ramos, Andrea M., additional, Randel, William J., additional, Rantanen, Mika, additional, Raphael, Marilyn N., additional, Reagan, James, additional, Recalde, Cristina, additional, Reid, Phillip, additional, Rémy, Samuel, additional, Reyes Kohler, Alejandra J., additional, Ricciardulli, Lucrezia, additional, Richardson, Andrew D., additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Robjhon, M., additional, Rocha, Willy, additional, Rodell, Matthew, additional, Rodriguez Guisado, Esteban, additional, Rodriguez-Fernandez, Nemesio, additional, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., additional, Ronchail, Josyane, additional, Rosencrans, Matthew, additional, Rosenlof, Karen H., additional, Rösner, Benjamin, additional, Rösner, Henrieke, additional, Rozanov, Alexei, additional, Rozkošný, Jozef, additional, Rubek, Frans, additional, Rusanovskaya, Olga O., additional, Rutishauser, This, additional, Sabeerali, C. T., additional, Salinas, Roberto, additional, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, additional, Santee, Michelle L., additional, Santini, Marcelo, additional, Sato, Katsunari, additional, Sawaengphokhai, Parnchai, additional, Sayouri, A., additional, Scambos, Theodore, additional, Schenzinger, Verena, additional, Schimanke, Semjon, additional, Schlegel, Robert W., additional, Schmid, Claudia, additional, Schmid, Martin, additional, Schneider, Udo, additional, Schreck, Carl J., additional, Schultz, Cristina, additional, _, _, additional, Segele, Z. T., additional, Sensoy, Serhat, additional, Serbin, Shawn P., additional, Serreze, Mark C., additional, Setiawan, Amsari Mudzakir, additional, Sezaki, Fumi, additional, Sharma, Sapna, additional, Sharp, Jonathan D., additional, Sheffield, Gay, additional, Shi, Jia-Rui, additional, Shi, Lei, additional, Shiklomanov, Alexander I., additional, Shiklomanov, Nikolay I., additional, Shimaraeva, Svetlana V., additional, Shukla, R., additional, Siegel, David A., additional, Silow, Eugene A., additional, Sima, F., additional, Simmons, Adrian J., additional, Smeed, David A., additional, Smith, Adam, additional, Smith, Matthew M., additional, Smith, Sharon L., additional, Soden, Brian J., additional, Sofieva, Viktoria, additional, Souza, Everaldo, additional, Sparks, Tim H., additional, Spence-Hemmings, Jacqueline, additional, Spencer, Robert G. M., additional, Spillane, Sandra, additional, Sreejith, O. P., additional, Srivastava, A. K., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Stammerjohn, Sharon, additional, Stauffer, Ryan, additional, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, additional, Steiner, Andrea K., additional, Stella, Jose L., additional, Stephenson, Tannecia S., additional, Stradiotti, Pietro, additional, Strahan, Susan E., additional, Streletskiy, Dmitry A., additional, Surendran, Divya E., additional, Suslova, Anya, additional, Svendby, Tove, additional, Sweet, William, additional, Takahashi, Kiyotoshi, additional, Takemura, Kazuto, additional, Tank, Suzanne E., additional, Taylor, Michael A., additional, Tedesco, Marco, additional, Thackeray, Stephen J., additional, Thiaw, W. M., additional, Thibert, Emmanuel, additional, Thoman, Richard L., additional, Thompson, Andrew F., additional, Thompson, Philip R., additional, Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan, additional, Timmermans, Mary-Louise, additional, Timofeyev, Maxim A., additional, Tobin, Skie, additional, Tømmervik, Hans, additional, Tourpali, Kleareti, additional, Trescilo, Lidia, additional, Tretiakov, Mikhail, additional, Trewin, Blair C., additional, Triñanes, Joaquin A., additional, Trotman, Adrian, additional, Truchelut, Ryan E., additional, Trusel, Luke D., additional, Tye, Mari R., additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, van der Schalie, Robin, additional, van der Schrier, Gerard, additional, Van Hemert, Caroline, additional, Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J., additional, van vliet, Arnold J.H., additional, Vazife, Ahad, additional, Verburg, Piet, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Vimont, Isaac J., additional, Virts, Katrina, additional, Vivero, Sebastián, additional, Volkov, Denis L., additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Vose, Russell S., additional, Walker, Donald (Skip) A., additional, Walsh, John E., additional, Wang, Bin, additional, Wang, Hui, additional, Wang, Muyin, additional, Wang, Ray H. J., additional, Wang, Xinyue, additional, Wanninkhof, Rik, additional, Warnock, Taran, additional, Weber, Mark, additional, Webster, Melinda, additional, Wehrlé, Adrian, additional, Wen, Caihong, additional, Westberry, Toby K., additional, Widlansky, Matthew J., additional, Wiese, David N., additional, Wild, Jeannette D., additional, Wille, Jonathan D., additional, Willems, An, additional, Willett, Kate M., additional, Williams, Earle, additional, Willis, J., additional, Wong, Takmeng, additional, Wood, Kimberly M., additional, Woolway, Richard Iestyn, additional, Xie, Ping-Ping, additional, Yang, Daqing, additional, Yin, Xungang, additional, Yin, Ziqi, additional, Zeng, Zhenzhong, additional, Zhang, Huai-min, additional, Zhang, Li, additional, Zhang, Peiqun, additional, Zhao, Lin, additional, Zhou, Xinjia, additional, Zhu, Zhiwei, additional, Ziemke, Jerry R., additional, Ziese, Markus, additional, Zolkos, Scott, additional, Zotta, Ruxandra M., additional, Zou, Cheng-Zhi, additional, Allen, Jessicca, additional, Camper, Amy V., additional, Haley, Bridgette O., additional, Hammer, Gregory, additional, Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth, additional, Ohlmann, Laura, additional, Noguchi, Lukas, additional, Riddle, Deborah B., additional, and Veasey, Sara W., additional

Published
2023
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6. The Arctic

Author

Moon, T. A., primary, Thoman, R., additional, Druckenmiller, M. L., additional, Ahmasuk, Brandon, additional, Backensto, Stacia A., additional, Ballinger, Thomas J., additional, Benestad, Rasmus, additional, Berner, Logan. T., additional, Bernhard, Germar H., additional, Bhatt, Uma S., additional, Bigalke, Siiri, additional, BjerkeJarle, W., additional, Brettschneider, Brian, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Cohen, Judah L., additional, Decharme, Bertrand, additional, Derksen, Chris, additional, Divine, Dmitry, additional, Drost, Jensen, additional, Druckenmiller, Matthew L., additional, EliasChereque, Alesksandra, additional, Epstein, Howard E., additional, Fausto, Robert S., additional, Fettweis, Xavier, additional, Fioletov, Vitali E., additional, Forbes, Bruce C., additional, Frost, Gerald V., additional, Gerland, Sebastian, additional, Goetz, Scott J., additional, Grooß, Jens-Uwe, additional, Hanna, Edward, additional, Hanssen-Bauer, Inger, additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Holmes, Robert M., additional, Ialongo, Iolanda, additional, Isaksen, Ketil, additional, Johnsen, Bjørn, additional, Jones, Timothy, additional, Kaler, Robb S.A., additional, Kaleschke, Lars, additional, Kim, Seong-Joong, additional, Labe, Zachary M., additional, Lader, Rick, additional, Lakkala, Kaisa, additional, Lara, Mark J., additional, Lindsey, Jackie, additional, Loomis, Bryant D., additional, Luojus, Kari, additional, Macander, Matthew J., additional, Mamen, Jostein, additional, Mankoff, Ken D., additional, Manney, Gloria L., additional, McAfee, Stephanie A., additional, McClelland, James W., additional, Meier, Walter N., additional, Moon, Twila A., additional, Moore, G. W. K., additional, Mote, Thomas L., additional, Mudryk, Lawrence, additional, Müller, Rolf, additional, Nyland, Kelsey E., additional, Overland, James E., additional, Parrish, Julia K., additional, Perovich, Donald K., additional, Petersen, Guðrún Nína, additional, Petty, Alek, additional, Phoenix, Gareth K., additional, Poinar, Kristin, additional, Rantanen, Mika, additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., additional, Serbin, Shawn P., additional, Serreze, Mark C., additional, Sheffield, Gay, additional, Shiklomanov, Alexander I., additional, Shiklomanov, Nikolay I., additional, Smith, Sharon L., additional, Spencer, Robert G. M., additional, Streletskiy, Dmitry A., additional, Suslova, Anya, additional, Svendby, Tove, additional, Tank, Suzanne E., additional, Tedesco, Marco, additional, Thoman, Richard L., additional, Tian-Kunze, Xiangshan, additional, Timmermans, Mary-Louise, additional, Tømmervik, Hans, additional, Tretiakov, Mikhail, additional, Walker, Donald A., additional, Walsh, John E., additional, Wang, Muyin, additional, Webster, Melinda, additional, Wehrlé, Adrian, additional, Yang, Dedi, additional, Zolkos, Scott, additional, Allen, Jessicca, additional, Camper, Amy V., additional, Haley, Bridgette O., additional, Hammer, Gregory, additional, Love-Brotak, S., additional, Ohlmann, Laura, additional, Noguchi, Lukas, additional, Riddle, Deborah B., additional, and Veasey, Sara W., additional

Published
2023
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9. Permafrost Landscape History Shapes Fluvial Chemistry, Ecosystem Carbon Balance, and Potential Trajectories of Future Change

Author

Zolkos, Scott, primary, Tank, Suzanne E., additional, Kokelj, Steven V., additional, Striegl, Robert G., additional, Shakil, Sarah, additional, Voigt, Carolina, additional, Sonnentag, Oliver, additional, Quinton, William L., additional, Schuur, Edward A. G., additional, Zona, Donatella, additional, Lafleur, Peter M., additional, Sullivan, Ryan C., additional, Ueyama, Masahito, additional, Billesbach, David, additional, Cook, David, additional, Humphreys, Elyn R., additional, and Marsh, Philip, additional

Published
2022
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12. We Must Stop Fossil Fuel Emissions to Protect Permafrost Ecosystems

Author

Abbott, Benjamin W., primary, Brown, Michael, additional, Carey, Joanna C., additional, Ernakovich, Jessica, additional, Frederick, Jennifer M., additional, Guo, Laodong, additional, Hugelius, Gustaf, additional, Lee, Raymond M., additional, Loranty, Michael M., additional, Macdonald, Robie, additional, Mann, Paul J., additional, Natali, Susan M., additional, Olefeldt, David, additional, Pearson, Pam, additional, Rec, Abigail, additional, Robards, Martin, additional, Salmon, Verity G., additional, Sayedi, Sayedeh Sara, additional, Schädel, Christina, additional, Schuur, Edward A. G., additional, Shakil, Sarah, additional, Shogren, Arial J., additional, Strauss, Jens, additional, Tank, Suzanne E., additional, Thornton, Brett F., additional, Treharne, Rachael, additional, Turetsky, Merritt, additional, Voigt, Carolina, additional, Wright, Nancy, additional, Yang, Yuanhe, additional, Zarnetske, Jay P., additional, Zhang, Qiwen, additional, and Zolkos, Scott, additional

Published
2022
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13. Preferential export of permafrost-derived organic matter as retrogressive thaw slumping intensifies

Author

Bröder, Lisa, Keskitalo, Kirsi, Zolkos, Scott, Shakil, Sarah, Tank, Suzanne E., Kokelj, Steve V., Tesi, Tommaso, Van Dongen, Bart E., Haghipour, Negar, Eglinton, Timothy I., Vonk, Jorien E., and Earth and Climate

Subjects
climate change, thermokarst, carbon cycle, cryosphere, SDG 14 - Life Below Water
Abstract

Enhanced warming of the Northern high latitudes has intensified thermokarst processes throughout the permafrost zone. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS), where thaw-driven erosion caused by ground ice melt creates terrain disturbances extending over tens of hectares, represent particularly dynamic thermokarst features. Biogeochemical transformation of the mobilized substrate may release CO2 to the atmosphere and impact downstream ecosystems, yet its fate remains unclear. The Peel Plateau in northwestern Canada hosts some of the largest RTS features in the Arctic. Here, thick deposits of Pleistocene-aged glacial tills are overlain by a thinner layer of relatively organic-rich Holocene-aged permafrost that aggraded upward following deeper thaw and soil development during the early Holocene warm period. In this study, we characterize exposed soil layers and the mobilized material by analysing sediment properties and organic matter composition in active layer, Holocene and Pleistocene permafrost, recently thawed debris deposits and fresh deposits of slump outflow from four separate RTS features. We found that organic matter content, radiocarbon age and biomarker concentrations in debris and outflow deposits from all four sites were most similar to permafrost soils, with a lesser influence of the organic-rich active layer. Lipid biomarkers suggested a significant contribution of petrogenic carbon especially in Pleistocene permafrost. Active layer samples contained abundant intrinsically labile macromolecular components (polysaccharides, lignin markers, phenolic and N-containing compounds). All other samples were dominated by degraded organic constituents. Active layer soils, although heterogeneous, also had the highest median grain sizes, whereas debris and runoff deposits consisted of finer mineral grains and were generally more homogeneous, similar to permafrost. We thus infer that both organic matter degradation and hydrodynamic sorting during transport affect the mobilized material. Determining the relative magnitude of these two processes will be crucial to better assess the role of intensifying RTS activity in CO2 release and ecosystem carbon fluxes. ISSN:1748-9326 ISSN:1748-9318

Published
2021

15. Multidecadal declines in particulate mercury and sediment export from Russian rivers in the pan-Arctic basin

Author

Zolkos, Scott, primary, Zhulidov, Alexander V., additional, Gurtovaya, Tatiana Yu., additional, Gordeev, Vyacheslav V., additional, Berdnikov, Sergey, additional, Pavlova, Nadezhda, additional, Kalko, Evgenia A., additional, Kuklina, Yana A., additional, Zhulidov, Danil A., additional, Kosmenko, Lyudmila S., additional, Shiklomanov, Alexander I., additional, Suslova, Anya, additional, Geyman, Benjamin M., additional, Thackray, Colin P., additional, Sunderland, Elsie M., additional, Tank, Suzanne E., additional, McClelland, James W., additional, Spencer, Robert G. M., additional, Krabbenhoft, David P., additional, Robarts, Richard, additional, and Holmes, Robert M., additional

Published
2022
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22. Stream Dissolved Organic Matter in Permafrost Regions Shows Surprising Compositional Similarities but Negative Priming and Nutrient Effects

Author

Wologo, Ethan, primary, Shakil, Sarah, additional, Zolkos, Scott, additional, Textor, Sadie, additional, Ewing, Stephanie, additional, Klassen, Jane, additional, Spencer, Robert G. M., additional, Podgorski, David C., additional, Tank, Suzanne E., additional, Baker, Michelle A., additional, O'Donnell, Jonathan A., additional, Wickland, Kimberly P., additional, Foks, Sydney S. W., additional, Zarnetske, Jay P., additional, Lee‐Cullin, Joseph, additional, Liu, Futing, additional, Yang, Yuanhe, additional, Kortelainen, Pirkko, additional, Kolehmainen, Jaana, additional, Dean, Joshua F., additional, Vonk, Jorien E., additional, Holmes, Robert M., additional, Pinay, Gilles, additional, Powell, Michaela M., additional, Howe, Jansen, additional, Frei, Rebecca J., additional, Bratsman, Samuel P., additional, and Abbott, Benjamin W., additional

Published
2021
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23. Impact of abrupt permafrost thaw on mineral elements release: case study in Peel Plateau, west Canadian Arctic

Author

Maxime Thomas, Sophie Opfergelt, Arthur Monhonval, Broeder Lisa, Vonk Jorien, Zolkos Scott, Tank Suzanne, Kokelj Steve, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences

Subjects
mineral element release, thermokarst, abrupt permafrost thaw
Abstract

Abrupt thaw events in ice-rich permafrost regions lead to local landscape degradations (subsidence) known as thermokarst structures, which expand with present-day warming in the Arctic. Among these events, Retrogressive Thaw Slumps (RTS) expose deep material to erosion in addition to gradual permafrost thaw. The resulting eroded material comprises a mixture of organic-rich active layer and generally more mineral-rich deep perennially frozen permafrost. Exposing mineral-rich permafrost to weathering agents such as water is known to be a source of soluble elements release to local streams. However, soluble mineral element release may also influence mineral-organic carbon interactions within the resulting eroded material, thereby affecting the permafrost carbon feedback. More in-depth quantification of mineral element release from eroded material is needed for more precisely assessing the potential contribution of thermokarst-induced soluble element release to the carbon balance in these regions. Here we selected seven RTS structures from Peel Plateau, west Canadian Arctic, spanning a range of headwall height (2 to 25 m) and exposed land surface area (5 000 to 300 000 m²): we investigate RTS-affected permafrost soil profiles and sediments transported downstream from these disturbances. The organic carbon content, mineralogy, total elemental content and soluble element fractions were determined in soils at the slump headwall (active layer, Holocene permafrost, and Pleistocene permafrost) and in downstream eroded material (mud, and debris). The data support that RTS development is responsible for horizontal transfer of materials downstream from deep Pleistocene permafrost. Indeed, based on (i) a similar mineralogy comprising weatherable mineral phases, (ii) similar total content in Ca, K, Al and Sr, and (iii) similar soluble content in Ca, K, Mg, Na, downstream mud and debris are shown to be mainly fed by Pleistocene permafrost materials. The soluble element fraction from downstream eroded material is significantly higher than the one from previously thawed active layer soils. These soluble mineral elements may directly interact with organic carbon found in these mixed materials which were displaced by RTS and are now part of a new active layer developed on eroded materials.

Published
2020

32. Mercury Export from Arctic Great Rivers

Author

Zolkos, Scott, primary, Krabbenhoft, David P., additional, Suslova, Anya, additional, Tank, Suzanne E., additional, McClelland, James W., additional, Spencer, Robert G. M., additional, Shiklomanov, Alexander, additional, Zhulidov, Alexander V., additional, Gurtovaya, Tatiana, additional, Zimov, Nikita, additional, Zimov, Sergey, additional, Mutter, Edda A., additional, Kutny, Les, additional, Amos, Edwin, additional, and Holmes, Robert M., additional

Published
2020
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34. Deep material eroded from retrogressive thaw slump: case study in Peel Plateau, west Canadian Arctic

Author

Maxime Thomas, Sophie Opfergelt, Arthur Monhonval, Hirst, Catherine, Bröder Lisa, Vonk Jorien, Keskitalo Kirsi, Zolkos Scott, Tank Suzanne, Kokelj Steve, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences

Subjects
mineral element release, retrogressive thaw slump, erosion, permafrost
Abstract

Ice-rich permafrost thaw is highly sensitive to the creation of local landscape subsidence in the Arctic, known as thermokarst structures. Upon thaw, these structures can erode, unlocking organic and mineral constituents and transferring this material downstream potentially affecting the ecosystem at larger scale. Such hillslope landscape processes have recently developed in Peel Plateau, west Canadian Arctic, as Retrogressive Thaw Slumps (RTS). We investigate whether material eroded from RTS and transported downstream originates from upper or deeper soil horizons with potentially distinct organic and mineral contents. The total elemental content and soluble element fractions were determined in soils from different depths at the slump headwall (active layer, Holocene permafrost, and Pleistocene permafrost) and in downstream eroded material (mud, and debris) for eight RTS structures. We observe a similar total content in Ca, K, Al and Sr, and soluble content in Ca, K, Mg, Na between the downstream mud and debris and the Pleistocene permafrost. The data highlight that the eroded material originates from the deeper Pleistocene permafrost, and contributes solute element concentrations that are significantly higher (by at least one order of magnitude) than in previously thawed active layer or locally Holocene permafrost. We hypothesize that RTS development is responsible for horizontal transfer of perennially frozen materials downstream originating from deep Pleistocene permafrost deposits. This means that in addition to exposing deep organic carbon to mineralization, modern RTS development likely affect local ecosystem chemistry by releasing soluble elements.

Published
2019

35. Low biodegradability of particulate organic carbon mobilized from thaw slumps on the Peel Plateau, NT, and possible chemosynthesis and sorption effects.

Author

Shakil, Sarah, Tank, Suzanne, Vonk, Jorien, and Zolkos, Scott

Subjects
COLLOIDAL carbon, SORPTION, CLIMATE feedbacks, THAWING, SEDIMENTATION & deposition, CARBON sequestration, CARBON cycle
Abstract

Upon thaw, permafrost carbon entering streams may be mineralized into CO2 or re-sequestered into sediments. The balance between these processes is an important uncertainty in the permafrost-carbon-climate feedback. Warming and wetting in the western Canadian Arctic are accelerating thaw-driven mass wasting by permafrost thaw slumps, increasing particulate organic carbon (POC) delivered to headwater streams by orders of magnitude. Using aerobic incubations of POC from streams affected by thaw slumps we find that slump-mobilized POC undergoes minimal (~4 %) oxidation over a 1-month period and may be predominantly destined for sediment deposition. Mobilization of mineral-rich tills in this region may also protect carbon from mineralization via adsorption to minerals and promote inorganic carbon sequestration via chemolithoautotrophic processes. Region-specific assessments of permafrost carbon fates and inquiries beyond organic carbon decomposition are needed to constrain drivers of carbon cycling and climate feedbacks within stream networks affected by permafrost thaw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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36. Permafrost Carbon: Progress on Understanding Stocks and Fluxes Across Northern Terrestrial Ecosystems

Author

Treat, Claire C., Virkkala, Anna‐Maria, Burke, Eleanor, Bruhwiler, Lori, Chatterjee, Abhishek, Fisher, Joshua B., Hashemi, Josh, Parmentier, Frans‐Jan W., Rogers, Brendan M., Westermann, Sebastian, Watts, Jennifer D., Blanc‐Betes, Elena, Fuchs, Matthias, Kruse, Stefan, Malhotra, Avni, Miner, Kimberley, Strauss, Jens, Armstrong, Amanda, Epstein, Howard E., Gay, Bradley, Goeckede, Mathias, Kalhori, Aram, Kou, Dan, Miller, Charles E., Natali, Susan M., Oh, Youmi, Shakil, Sarah, Sonnentag, Oliver, Varner, Ruth K., Zolkos, Scott, Schuur, Edward A.G., and Hugelius, Gustaf

Abstract

Significant progress in permafrost carbon science made over the past decades include the identification of vast permafrost carbon stocks, the development of new pan‐Arctic permafrost maps, an increase in terrestrial measurement sites for CO2and methane fluxes, and important factors affecting carbon cycling, including vegetation changes, periods of soil freezing and thawing, wildfire, and other disturbance events. Process‐based modeling studies now include key elements of permafrost carbon cycling and advances in statistical modeling and inverse modeling enhance understanding of permafrost region C budgets. By combining existing data syntheses and model outputs, the permafrost region is likely a wetland methane source and small terrestrial ecosystem CO2sink with lower net CO2uptake toward higher latitudes, excluding wildfire emissions. For 2002–2014, the strongest CO2sink was located in western Canada (median: −52 g C m−2y−1) and smallest sinks in Alaska, Canadian tundra, and Siberian tundra (medians: −5 to −9 g C m−2y−1). Eurasian regions had the largest median wetland methane fluxes (16–18 g CH4m−2y−1). Quantifying the regional scale carbon balance remains challenging because of high spatial and temporal variability and relatively low density of observations. More accurate permafrost region carbon fluxes require: (a) the development of better maps characterizing wetlands and dynamics of vegetation and disturbances, including abrupt permafrost thaw; (b) the establishment of new year‐round CO2and methane flux sites in underrepresented areas; and (c) improved models that better represent important permafrost carbon cycle dynamics, including non‐growing season emissions and disturbance effects. Climate change and the consequent thawing of permafrost threatens to transform the permafrost region from a carbon sink into a carbon source, posing a challenge to global climate goals. Numerous studies over the past decades have identified important factors affecting carbon cycling, including vegetation changes, periods of soil freezing and thawing, wildfire, and other disturbance events. Overall, studies show high wetland methane emissions and a small net carbon dioxide sink strength over the terrestrial permafrost region but results differ among modeling and upscaling approaches. Continued and coordinated efforts among field, modeling, and remote sensing communities are needed to integrate new knowledge from observations to modeling and predictions and finally to policy. Rapid warming of northern permafrost region threatens ecosystems, soil carbon stocks, and global climate targetsLong‐term observations show importance of disturbance and cold season periods but are unable to detect spatiotemporal trends in C fluxCombined modeling and syntheses show the permafrost region is a small terrestrial CO2sink with large spatial variability and net CH4source Rapid warming of northern permafrost region threatens ecosystems, soil carbon stocks, and global climate targets Long‐term observations show importance of disturbance and cold season periods but are unable to detect spatiotemporal trends in C flux Combined modeling and syntheses show the permafrost region is a small terrestrial CO2sink with large spatial variability and net CH4source

Published
2024
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37. Best Practices in Collaborative Research with Northern Communities: A Synopsis from Early Career Researchers

Author

Lenz, Josefine, Roy, Louis-Philippe, Brown, Kristina, Choy, Emily, Kuznetsova, Elena, Way, Robert, Gordon, Richard, Habeck, Jan Otto, Alevtina, Evgrafova, and Zolkos, Scott

Abstract

Combining scientific and traditional knowledge is crucial to understand environmental systems across circum-Arctic regions, where climate change is most striking. However, building collaborative partnerships between visiting scientists and local, indigenous traditional knowledge holders in Northern communities presents challenges. The workshop “Community-based Research: Do`s and Don`ts of Arctic Research” was organized as an IASC cross-cutting initiative at ICOP2016 in Potsdam, Germany, to facilitate dialogue between Early Career Researchers (ECRs) and Northern residents. This workshop resulted in a diverse list of considerations and sustainable practices to improve traditional and scientific knowledge exchange, and collaborative Northern research. An extensive list of positive (Do`s) and few negative recommendations (Don`ts) was generated together with ECRs and Arctic representatives. Many good ideas on research design, active communication and community involvement developed from fruitful discussions. This study provides an example of bottom-up strategy development in order to enhance knowledge transfer between scientists and northern indigenous communities.

Published
2018

43. Downstream Evolution of Particulate Organic Matter Composition From Permafrost Thaw Slumps

Author

Keskitalo, Kirsi H., Bröder, Lisa, Shakil, Sarah, Zolkos, Scott, Tank, Suzanne E., van Dongen, Bart E., Tesi, Tommaso, Haghipour, Negar, Eglinton, Timothy I., Kokelj, Steven V., and Vonk, Jorien E.

Subjects
pyrolysis-GCMS, Arctic, 13. Climate action, carbon, Peel Plateau, 14. Life underwater, lipid biomarkers, 15. Life on land, climate, permafrost, degradation
Abstract

Permafrost soils, which store almost half of the global belowground organic carbon (OC), are susceptible to thaw upon climate warming. On the Peel Plateau of northwestern Canada, the number and size of retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) has increased in recent decades due to rising temperatures and higher precipitation. These RTS features caused by the rapid thaw of ice-rich permafrost release organic matter dominantly as particulate organic carbon (POC) to the stream network. In this study, we sampled POC and streambank sediments along a fluvial transect (∼12 km) downstream from two RTS features and assessed the composition and degradation status of the mobilized permafrost OC. We found that RTS features add old, Pleistocene-aged permafrost POC to the stream system that is traceable kilometers downstream. The POC released consists mainly of recalcitrant compounds that persists within stream networks, whereas labile compounds originate from the active layer and appear to largely degrade within the scar zone of the RTS feature. Thermokarst on the Peel Plateau is likely to intensify in the future, but our data suggest that most of the permafrost OC released is not readily degradable within the stream system and thus may have little potential for atmospheric evasion. Possibilities for the recalcitrant OC to degrade over decadal to millennial time scales while being transported via larger river networks, and within the marine environment, do however, still exist. These findings add to our understanding of the vulnerable Arctic landscapes and how they may interact with the global climate., Frontiers in Earth Science, 9, ISSN:2296-6463

44. Preferential export of permafrost-derived organic matter as retrogressive thaw slumping intensifies

Author

Bröder, Lisa, Keskitalo, Kirsi, Zolkos, Scott, Shakil, Sarah, Tank, Suzanne E., Kokelj, Steve V., Tesi, Tommaso, Van Dongen, Bart E., Haghipour, Negar, Eglinton, Timothy I., and Vonk, Jorien E.

Subjects
climate change, 13. Climate action, thermokarst, carbon cycle, 15. Life on land, cryosphere
Abstract

Enhanced warming of the Northern high latitudes has intensified thermokarst processes throughout the permafrost zone. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS), where thaw-driven erosion caused by ground ice melt creates terrain disturbances extending over tens of hectares, represent particularly dynamic thermokarst features. Biogeochemical transformation of the mobilized substrate may release CO2 to the atmosphere and impact downstream ecosystems, yet its fate remains unclear. The Peel Plateau in northwestern Canada hosts some of the largest RTS features in the Arctic. Here, thick deposits of Pleistocene-aged glacial tills are overlain by a thinner layer of relatively organic-rich Holocene-aged permafrost that aggraded upward following deeper thaw and soil development during the early Holocene warm period. In this study, we characterize exposed soil layers and the mobilized material by analysing sediment properties and organic matter composition in active layer, Holocene and Pleistocene permafrost, recently thawed debris deposits and fresh deposits of slump outflow from four separate RTS features. We found that organic matter content, radiocarbon age and biomarker concentrations in debris and outflow deposits from all four sites were most similar to permafrost soils, with a lesser influence of the organic-rich active layer. Lipid biomarkers suggested a significant contribution of petrogenic carbon especially in Pleistocene permafrost. Active layer samples contained abundant intrinsically labile macromolecular components (polysaccharides, lignin markers, phenolic and N-containing compounds). All other samples were dominated by degraded organic constituents. Active layer soils, although heterogeneous, also had the highest median grain sizes, whereas debris and runoff deposits consisted of finer mineral grains and were generally more homogeneous, similar to permafrost. We thus infer that both organic matter degradation and hydrodynamic sorting during transport affect the mobilized material. Determining the relative magnitude of these two processes will be crucial to better assess the role of intensifying RTS activity in CO2 release and ecosystem carbon fluxes., Environmental Research Letters, 16 (5), ISSN:1748-9326, ISSN:1748-9318

45. Legacy Contamination from Mercury Mining in the Fergana Valley Region of Central Asia.

Author

Pelletier, Alexander R., Zhulidov, Alexander V., Kozhara, Alexander V., Rakhmatov, Ulmas, Urmanov, Solijon M., Gurtovaya, Tatiana Yu., Sheverdyaev, Igor V., Robarts, Richard D., Zhulidov, Daniel A., Zolkos, Scott, Kalko, Evgenia A., Kuklina, Yana A., Kosmenko, Lyudmila S., Jardine, Timothy D., Mirzaev, Dilshod M., Abdisamatov, Elmurodjon D., and Volkov, Igor K.

Abstract

The toxic metal mercury (Hg) has been mined, processed, and used throughout the Fergana Valley region of post-Soviet Central Asia for millennia. Although most historical Hg mining activities have ceased throughout the Fergana Valley region, Hg is still mined, processed, and exported globally from the Khaidarkan kombinat in southwestern Kyrgyzstan. Despite the rich history of Hg mining and use throughout the Fergana Valley region, the legacy effects of these activities on environmental Hg contamination remain undescribed. Mercury concentrations were analyzed in topsoil, terrestrial vegetation, earthworms, riverine sediments, and fish collected from sites with varied histories of Hg mining within the Fergana Valley region. Environmental and biological Hg concentrations were greatest at contemporary mining sites where Hg has been mined after 1940, intermediate at ancient mining sites where all historical Hg mining activities ceased before 1300 AD, and lowest at reference sites without known Hg mining history. For all environmental media and biota, Hg concentrations were 1–2 orders of magnitude greater at contemporary mining sites than at reference sites. Elevated Hg concentrations at contemporary mining sites are attributed to the recency and intensity of Hg mining and showcase the detrimental effects of Hg mining on diverse environmental media and biota. Elevated Hg concentrations at ancient mining sites are attributed to a combination of (1) legacy Hg contamination in soils and sediments introduced by historical mining and processing activities over 700 years ago and (2) the presence of naturally Hg-rich geologic belts upon which ancient mines were constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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46. GEOCHEMISTRY AND ORIGIN OF METAMORPHOSED MAFIC ROCKS FROM THE LOWER PALEOZOIC MORETOWN AND CRAM HILL FORMATIONS OF NORTH-CENTRAL VERMONT: DELAMINATION MAGMATISM IN THE WESTERN NEW ENGLAND APPALACHIANS.

Author

COISH, RAYMOND, KIM, JONATHAN, TWELKER, EVAN, ZOLKOS, SCOTT, and WALSH, GREGORY

Subjects
*MAFIC rocks, *METAMORPHISM (Geology), *IGNEOUS rock analysis, *ANALYTICAL geochemistry, *GEOLOGICAL formations
Abstract

The Moretown Formation, exposed as a north-trending unit that extends from northern Vermont to Connecticut, is located along a critical Appalachian litho-tectonic zone between the paleomargin of Laurentia and accreted oceanic terranes. Remnants of magmatic activity, in part preserved as metamorphosed mafic rocks in the Moretown Formation and the overlying Cram Hill Formation, are a key to further understanding the tectonic history of the northern Appalachians. Field relationships suggest that the metamorphosed mafic rocks might have formed during and after Taconian deformation, which occurred at ca. 470 to 460 Ma. Geochemistry indicates that the sampled metamorphosed mafic rocks were mostly basalts or basaltic andesites. The rocks have moderate TiO2 contents (1-2.5 wt %), are slightly enriched in the light-rare earth elements relative to the heavy rare earths, and have negative Nb-Ta anomalies in MORB-normalized extended rare earth element diagrams. Their chemistry is similar to compositions of basalts from western Pacific extensional basins near volcanic arcs. The metamorphosed mafic rocks o f this study are similar in chemistry to both the pre-Silurian Mount Norris Intrusive Suite o f northern Vermont, and also to some o f Late Silurian rocks within the Lake Memphremagog Intrusive Suite, particularly the Comerford Intrusive Complex of Vermont and New Hampshire. Both suites may be represented among the samples of this study. The geochemistry of all samples indicates that parental magmas were generated in supra-subduction extensional environments during lithospheric delamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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