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This study explored the influence of suggestions on differences in electrodermal laterality of the skin conductance orienting response (SCR). Thirty-two participants were randomly assigned to eitheripermitting/ioriexcluding/isuggestions. During the dream task in the permitting condition the suggestion was: "You are aware of your surroundings and any distractions that might disturb your dream," while in the excluding condition the wording was: "No outside stimulus will disturb your sleep." Participants were presented with 12 standards and 2 deviant computer-generated tones during active-alert hypnosis and musical control conditions in a mixed within-between design. High hypnotizables produced higher SCRs after permissive compared to excluding suggestions during hypnosis, while low hypnotizables did the same in the control condition. Study limitations include some loss of data due to equipment failure and relative homogeneity of sample, therefore results cannot be considered definitive.

Research on the efficacy of hypnosis applications continues to grow, but there remain major gaps between the science and clinical practice. One challenge has been a lack of consensus on which applications of hypnosis are efficacious based on research evidence. In 2018, 6 major hypnosis organizations collaborated to form the Task Force for Establishing Efficacy Standards for Clinical Hypnosis. This paper describes a Guideline for the Assessment of Efficacy of Clinical Hypnosis Applications developed by the Task Force, which makes 10 specific recommendations. The guideline is intended to be a tool for those who want to assess the quality of existing evidence on the efficacy of clinical hypnosis for any particular indication. The paper also discusses methodological issues in the interpretation and implementation of these guidelines. Future papers will report on the other products of the Hypnosis Efficacy Task Force, such as best practice recommendations for outcomes research in hypnosis and an international survey of researchers and clinicians on current practice and attitudes about hypnosis.

There is an abundance of outcomes research for clinical hypnosis showing promising results, however, hypnosis is still underutilized in clinical care. For a behavioral intervention to enter mainstream clinical care, efficacy needs to be demonstrated with exceptionally high quality of evidence. Furthermore, the reporting of these studies also needs to be complete and sufficiently clear to show quality of evidence, and to enable replication and clinical use. The Task Force for Establishing Efficacy Standards for Clinical Hypnosis conducted a review of best practice guidelines in outcomes research, including a review of the CONSORT statement, TIDieR checklist, and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The present article provides best practice guidelines specific to conducting clinical hypnosis research. The guidelines comprise recommendations for planning, conducting, and reporting research in this field. The recommendations are presented in two tiers. Tier I recommendations include essential best practices, such as a call for the use of detailed research and intervention manuals, plans for and reporting of participant-education about hypnosis, the use of hypnotizability scales with good psychometric properties, and clear reporting of the hypnotizability measurement. They also instruct for sharing of intervention scripts and manuals, and the clear reporting of the induction procedure, the labeling of the intervention for participants, and the definition of hypnosis used. Tier II includes preferred recommendations, calling for measurement of adherence to home practice, measurement of hypnotizability by someone other than the interventionist, the use of hypnotizability scales with both subjective and behavioral measures of responsiveness, and the involvement pf participants from the full hypnotizability spectrum. They also recommend the assessment of response expectancy, therapeutic relationship, and other variables related to proposed mechanisms of action, and the reporting of participants prior hypnosis experiences, and the relationship of expectancies and treatment outcomes.This list of recommendations will be useful for researchers, reviewers, and journal editors alike when conducting, reporting, or evaluating studies involving clinical applications of hypnosis.

The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements. Including participants from 45 countries, Bago et al. find that the situational factors that affect moral reasoning are shared across countries, with diminished observed cultural variation., Comunidad de Madrid [2016-T1/SOC-1395, 2020-5A/SOC-19723]; AEI [PSI2017-85159-P]; UE/FEDER; National Science Centre, Poland [2017/01/X/HS6/01332, 2015/19/D/HS6/00641, 2019/35/B/HS6/00528]; Aarhus University Research Foundation (AUFF) [AUFF-E-2019-9-4]; ANR [ANR-17-EURE-0010]; ANR Labex IAST; Australian Research Council [DP180102384]; CAPES [88887.364180/2019-00]; Carlsberg Foundation [CF16-0444]; Independent Research Fund Denmark [7024-00057B]; Germany's Excellence Strategy [EXC 2126/1-390838866]; FONDECYT, CONICYT [11190980]; German Research Foundation [FOR-2150, LA 3566/1-2]; JSPS [18K03010]; JSPS KAKENHI [16H03079, 17H00875, 18K12015, 20H04581, 17H06342, 20K03479, 20KK0054, 20J21976]; Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [31530032]; Key Technological Projects of Guangdong Province [2018B030335001]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1839285]; Polish National Science Center; DFG Beethoven [2016/23/G/HS6/01775]; Portuguese National Foundation for Science and Technology [SFRH/BD/126304/2016, UID/PSI/03125/2019]; PRIN 2017 (Italian Ministry of Education and Research) [20178293XT]; PSA 006 BRA 008 Data Collection in Support of PSADM 001 Measurement Invariance Project; Foundation for Polish Science (START); National Science Centre [2020/36/T/HS6/00256, 2019/33/N/HS6/00054]; Slovak Research and Development Agency [APVV-18-0140, APVV-17-0418, PRIMUS/20/HUM/009, APVV-17-0596]; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [950-224884]; Swedish Research Council [2016-06793]; Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province [2020SJA0017], M.A. Vadillo was supported by 2016-T1/SOC-1395 and 2020-5A/SOC-19723 from Comunidad de Madrid, PSI2017-85159-P from AEI and UE/FEDER. M.P.-C. was supported by 2017/01/X/HS6/01332 from the National Science Centre, Poland. P.M. was supported by Aarhus University Research Foundation (AUFF), starting grant: AUFF-E-2019-9-4. B. Bago was supported by ANR grant ANR-17-EURE-0010 (Investissements d'Avenir programme) and ANR Labex IAST. R.M.R. was supported by the Australian Research Council (DP180102384). N.B.D. was supported by CAPES grant no. 88887.364180/2019-00. C.S., K.A.. and I. Zettler were supported by the Carlsberg Foundation (CF16-0444) and the Independent Research Fund Denmark (7024-00057B). J.L. was supported by EXC 2126/1-390838866 under Germany's Excellence Strategy. K.B. was supported by the following grants from the National Science Centre, Poland: (1) while working on the data collection, no. 2015/19/D/HS6/00641, (2) while working on the final version of the paper, no. 2019/35/B/HS6/00528. A.W. was supported by FONDECYT 11190980, CONICYT. A. Fleischmann was supported by the German Research Foundation (research unit grant FOR-2150, LA 3566/1-2). H.Y. was supported by JSPS grant 18K03010. Y.Y. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (16H03079, 17H00875, 18K12015 and 20H04581). K.Q. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (17H06342, 20K03479 and 20KK0054). A. Ikeda was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (20J21976). K.M.K. was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant no. 31530032 and Key Technological Projects of Guangdong Province grant no. 2018B030335001. J.B.C. was supported by National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship grant no. DGE-1839285. M. Parzuchowski, K. Rybus and N.M.S. were supported by Polish National Science Center and DFG Beethoven grant 2016/23/G/HS6/01775. A.C.S. was supported by Portuguese National Foundation for Science and Technology grant no. SFRH/BD/126304/2016. L. Boncinelli was supported by PRIN 2017 grant no. 20178293XT (Italian Ministry of Education and Research). M.F.F.R. was supported by PSA 006 BRA 008 Data Collection in Support of PSADM 001 Measurement Invariance Project. M. Misiak was supported by a scholarship from the Foundation for Polish Science (START) and by a scholarship from the National Science Centre (2020/36/T/HS6/00256). P.B. was supported by Slovak Research and Development Agency project no. APVV-18-0140. M.A. was supported by Slovak Research and Development Agency project no. APVV-17-0418 and project PRIMUS/20/HUM/009. A. Findor and M.H. were supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract no. APVV-17-0596. T.G. was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (no. 950-224884). P.P. was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2016-06793). Y.L. was supported by The Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province (grant no. 2020SJA0017). M. Kowal was supported by a scholarship from the National Science Centre (2019/33/N/HS6/00054). P.A. was supported by UID/PSI/03125/2019 from the Portuguese National Foundation for Science and Technology. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.

Sleep disturbances are a pervasive problem among postmenopausal women, with an estimated 40 to 64% reporting poor sleep. Hypnosis is a promising intervention for sleep disturbances. This study examined optimal dose and delivery for a manualized hypnosis intervention to improve sleep. Ninety postmenopausal women with poor sleep were randomized to 1 of 4 interventions: 5 in-person, 3 in-person, 5 phone, or 3 phone contacts. All received hypnosis audio recordings, with instructions for daily practice for 5 weeks. Feasibility measures included treatment satisfaction ratings and practice adherence. Sleep outcomes were sleep quality, objective and subjective duration, and bothersomeness of poor sleep. Results showed high treatment satisfaction, adherence, and clinically meaningful (≥ 0.5

Most real-world applications of hypnosis involve a pair of actors: a hypnotist and a subject. Accordingly, most current models of hypnosis acknowledge the relevance of social factors in the development of the hypnotic response. Yet, psychophysiological research on hypnosis has been mostly restricted to techniques that are studying one individual, neglecting the complexity of hypnosis as a social phenomenon. In this paper, we review evidence suggesting that a multi-brain approach to studying the psychophysiology of hypnosis could lead to a breakthrough in our understanding of the neural correlates of hypnosis. In particular, we aim to highlight how this approach which relies on the information conveyed by complex verbal stimuli can be utilized to deal with the multifaceted nature of hypnosis. Furthermore, we present analytical approaches to assessing brain-to-brain coupling developed in the field of social cognitive neuroscience in the past decade, to aid the design of similar multi-brain studies in hypnosis research.

Theories of hypnotic responding can be assigned to two classes based on their reliance on metacognition. While several theories assume that responses to hypnotic suggestions can be implemented without executive intentions , the metacognitive class of theories postulate that the behaviors produced by hypnotic suggestions are intended and the accompanying feeling of involuntariness is only a consequence of strategically not being aware of the intention, proposing that hypnotic responding is the product of a purely metacognitive process. In this project, we seek to disentangle these two classes of theories in a behavioural experiment by testing a central prediction of the simplest metacognitive theory, namely the cold control theory. To this aim, we compared the performance of highly suggestible participants in reducing the Stroop interference effect in a post-hypnotic suggestion condition (word blindness: that words will appear as a meaningless foreign script) and in a volitional condition (asking the participants to imagine the words as a meaningless foreign script) to explore whether the simplest version of the cold control theory, could account for hypnotic phenomena. The results of the pilot experiment revealed that the Stroop interference effect was smaller in the post-hypnotic suggestion condition than in the volition condition calling into question the core idea of the cold control theory as these data suggest that there is more to hypnotic response than a simple change in monitoring of higher order thoughts of intentions. Consequently, the cold control theory may need to be revised to fit the idea that an unconscious intention can be more effective than a conscious one, which indicates that possessing a higher order thought of a mental state can have a causal role on one's first order abilities. Given the importance of the issue, we believe a pre-registered experiment is imperative to draw strong conclusions as it would provide us with more credible evidence.

This project aimed to assess the consistency of hypnotizability over time when measured by the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale: Form C (SHSS:C) and the Elkins Hypnotizability Scale (EHS), and to contrast score distribution and pleasantness of these scales. University students were either administered the SHSS:C or the EHS twice with one week delay by separate experimenters. Test-retest reliability of the EHS and the SHSS:C was ρ = .82 [.71-.92] and ρ =.66, 95% [.47-.86] respectively. Hypnotizability was comparable at test and retest in the EHS group, SHSS:C scores decreased by the retest. We found that the SHSS:C produced higher scores than the EHS, and the pleasantness of the two scales was comparable. Overall our results supported the reliability of the EHS, while SHSS:C scores were more inconsistent over time. More research is warranted.

Correction to: Nature Human Behaviour https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5, published online 14 April 2022.

Research on the efficacy of hypnosis applications continues to grow, but there remain major gaps between the science and clinical practice. One challenge has been a lack of consensus on what applications of hypnosis are efficacious based on research evidence. In 2018, six major hypnosis organizations collaborated to form a Task Force for Establishing Efficacy Standards for Clinical Hypnosis. This paper describes a Guideline for the Assessment of Efficacy of Clinical Hypnosis Applications developed by the Task Force which makes ten specific recommendations. The guideline is intended to be a tool for those who want to assess the quality of existing evidence on the efficacy of clinical hypnosis for any particular indication. The paper also discusses methodological issues in the interpretation and implementation of these guidelines. Future papers will report on the other products of the Hypnosis Efficacy Task Force, such as best practice recommendations for outcomes research in hypnosis, and an international survey of researchers and clinicians on current practice and attitudes about hypnosis.

This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide for the implementation of the Expert Consensus procedure (ECO) for scientific projects. The ECO aims to facilitate consensus among a panel of experts about a target scientific output. Consensus is achieved through an iterative process including surveys and feedback to the panel members. Following the procedure can achieve two main aims: (1) to decrease the chance that the target output will be subject to conceptual or methodological mistakes, and (2) to increase the chance that the target output would be acceptable by the stakeholders on the field.

Contains fulltext : 214941.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) We present a consensus-based checklist to improve and document the transparency of research reports in social and behavioural research. An accompanying online application allows users to complete the form and generate a report that they can submit with their manuscript or post to a public repository. 3 p.

Author(s): Aczel, Balazs; Szaszi, Barnabas; Sarafoglou, Alexandra; Kekecs, Zoltan; Kucharský, Simon; Benjamin, Daniel; Chambers, Christopher D; Fisher, Agneta; Gelman, Andrew; Gernsbacher, Morton A; Ioannidis, John P; Johnson, Eric; Jonas, Kai; Kousta, Stavroula; Lilienfeld, Scott O; Lindsay, D Stephen; Morey, Candice C; Munafo, Marcus; Newell, Benjamin R; Pashler, Harold; Shanks, David R; Simons, Daniel J; Wicherts, Jelte M; Albarracin, Dolores; Anderson, Nicole D; Antonakis, John; Arkes, Hal R; Back, Mitja D; Banks, George C; Beevers, Christopher; Bennett, Andrew A; Bleidorn, Wiebke; Boyer, Ty W; Cacciari, Cristina; Carter, Alice S; Cesario, Joseph; Clifton, Charles; Conroy, Ronan M; Cortese, Mike; Cosci, Fiammetta; Cowan, Nelson; Crawford, Jarret; Crone, Eveline A; Curtin, John; Engle, Randall; Farrell, Simon; Fearon, Pasco; Fichman, Mark; Frankenhuis, Willem; Freund, Alexandra M; Gaskell, M Gareth; Giner-Sorolla, Roger; Green, Don P; Greene, Robert L; Harlow, Lisa L; de la Guardia, Fernando Hoces; Isaacowitz, Derek; Kolodner, Janet; Lieberman, Debra; Logan, Gordon D; Mendes, Wendy B; Moersdorf, Lea; Nyhan, Brendan; Pollack, Jeffrey; Sullivan, Christopher; Vazire, Simine; Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan | Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of psychosocial techniques to decrease postoperative pain and improve perioperative clinical care in orthopedic surgery. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of psychosocial methods among adults undergoing orthopedic surgeries. The systematic review included both randomized and nonrandomized trials, but only randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were included in the meta-analysis. Key outcomes were postoperative pain, analgesic requirement, perioperative anxiety, quality of life, and recovery. After searching the databases from January 1980 to September 2016, a total of 62 RCTs were included with a pooled sample size of 4,908. Psychosocial interventions significantly reduced postoperative pain (Hedges’ g = 0.31 [95% confidence interval = 0.14, 0.48]), and preoperative and postoperative anxiety (g = 0.26 [0.11, 0.42] and g = 0.4 [0.21, 0.59], respectively). Furthermore, psychosocial interventions improved recovery (g = 0.38 [0.22, 0.54]). However, no significant effects were found for postoperative analgesic use (g = 0.16 [−0.01, 0.32]) and quality of life (g = 0.14 [−0.05, 0.33]). Patient education and relaxation techniques produced the most consistent positive effects, showing benefits on pain, anxiety, and recovery. Cognitive or behavioral techniques improved recovery. Furthermore, larger effects were found for studies that included acute surgeries compared to elective surgeries. The results indicate that psychosocial interventions, especially patient education and relaxation training, may reduce perioperative side effects and improve recovery in patients undergoing orthopedic procedures, but the quality of evidence is generally low. More well-powered, high-quality studies are needed to increase confidence. Perspective In this meta-analysis of RCTs in orthopedic surgeries, significant benefits in postoperative pain, perioperative anxiety, and recovery were found, suggesting that psychosocial interventions, especially patient education and relaxation techniques, are useful in improving clinical care.

Objectives Educating healthcare professionals in patient safety is essential to achieving sustainable improvements in care. This study aimed to identify the key constituents of patient safety education alongside its facilitators and barriers from a frontline perspective. Methods An electronic survey was sent to 592 healthcare professionals and educators in patient safety education in the United Kingdom. Two independent reviewers conducted a thematic analysis of the free-text data. Themes focused on effective content, learning practices and facilitators and barriers to patient safety education. Results Of 592 individuals completing the survey, 545 (92%) submitted analyzable responses. Interrater reliability of coding was high with Cohen k value of 0.86. Participants endorsed experiential and interactive learning as ideal modalities for delivery and expressed a need for content to be based on real clinical cases and tailored to the needs of the learners. The most commonly mentioned facilitators were standardization of methods and assessment (49%), dedicated funding (21%), and culture of openness (20%). Staffing problems and high workload (41%) and lack of accessibility of training (23%) were identified as primary barriers of efficacy and uptake. Conclusions This study identified key factors to the success of patient safety education in terms of content and delivery alongside facilitators and barriers. Future curricula developers and interventions should improve standardization, funding, culture, and access so as to optimize education programs to enhance patient safety.

Shifts in hemispheric dominance were previously proposed to play a role in hypnosis. Participants (N = 32) were exposed to an active–alert hypnosis induction and a music-control condition while electrodermal activity was registered bilaterally, providing information on alterations in hemispheric dominance. The results suggest that highly hypnotizable participants show a shift to right-sided and low hypnotizable participants demonstrated a shift to left-sided electrodermal dominance in response to the induction, whereas no change in laterality is present in the control condition. Additionally, the authors found that self-reported hypnosis experiences were also associated with a shift in laterality. These results underline the importance of the shift to right hemispheric activity in hypnosis and underscore the importance of hemispheric changes in shaping subjective experience. (Less)

Suggestions can be used without formal hypnosis, especially with critically ill patients, due to their spontaneous trance state. In this paper we outline data on the effectiveness of therapeutic suggestions. We interpret the possible mechanism of therapeutic suggestions in the context of stress cognition. Basic principles of formulating suggestions are discussed and some recommended versions of non-pharmacological pain control are provided. Case vignettes are given of how suggestions are used with critically ill ICU patients.

Those wishing to join as collaborating labs to data collection can do so via: https://t.co/W0fv5VwPi2?amp=1. Those interested in signing up as auditors for the project should send an email to the first author. ABSTRACT: The low reproducibility rate in social sciences lead researchers to hesitate to accept published findings at their face value. It became apparent that the field is lacking the tools necessary to verify credibility of research reports. In the present paper, we describe methodologies that let researchers craft highly credible research, and allow their peers to verify this credibility. We demonstrate the application of these methods in a fully transparent multi-lab replication of Bem’s Experiment 1 (2011), which was co-designed by a consensus panel including both proponents and opponents of Bem’s original hypothesis. In the main study, we applied direct data deposition, in combination with born-open data and real-time research report to extend transparency to protocol delivery and data collection. We also used piloting, checklists, laboratory logs and video documented trial sessions to ascertain as-intended protocol delivery by the experimenters, and external research auditors to monitor research integrity. We found X% successful guesses, while Bem reported 53.07% success rate. The effect reported by Bem was not/was replicated in our study/This study outcome did not reach the pre-specified criteria for supporting or contradicting Bem’s findings. [Conclusions about the feasibility of the credibility-enhancing methodologies will be discussed here.]. Plain word summary: [In case of a negative result:]This project aimed to demonstrate the use of research methods that could improve the reliability of scientific findings in psychological science. Using rigorous methodology, we could not replicate the positive findings of Bem’s 2011 Experiment 1. This finding does not confirm, nor contradict the existence of ESP in general, and this was not the point of our study. Instead, the results tell us that (1) it is likely that the original experiment was biased by methodological flaws, and (2) it is improbable that the paradigm used in the original study would be useful in detecting ESP effects if they exist. [In case of a positive result:]This project aimed to demonstrate the use of research methods that could improve the reliability of scientific findings in psychological science. Using rigorous methodology we could replicate the positive findings of Bem’s 2011 Experiment 1. This finding does not confirm, nor contradict the existence of ESP in general, and this was not the point of our study. Instead, the results tell us that (1) it is unlikely that the positive findings of the original experiment can be explained only by the currently known methodological biases, and (2) more studies are warranted to investigate the causes for the positive effect. We do not know yet what these causes are, but it is important to note, that neither our study, nor the original study provide any evidence that these causes would be “paranormal”. Thus, it is still safe to assume that the effects at play are within the boundaries of known physics, psychology, and research methodology.

Advances in mobile and wireless technology have expanded the scope of electrodermal research. Since traditional electrodermal measurement sites are not always suitable for laboratory research and are rarely appropriate for ambulatory measurements, there is a need to explore and contrast alternate measurement locations. We evaluated bilateral electrodermal activity (EDA) from five measurement sites (fingers, feet, wrists, shoulders, and calves). In a counterbalanced, randomized, within-subjects design study, participants (N = 115) engaged in a 4-min-long breathing exercise and were exposed to emotionally laden and neutral stimuli. High within-subject correlations were found between the EDA measured from fingers bilaterally (r = .89), between the left fingers and both feet (r = .72). Moderate correlations were found between EDA measured from the left fingers and wrists (r = .30 and r = .33), low correlations between the left fingers and the shoulders (r = ?.03 and r = ?.06) or calves (r = .05 and r = .14). Response latency was the shortest on the fingers while it was the longest on the lower body. Short response windows would miss some of the responses from the palmar surfaces and a substantial number from other evaluated locations. The fingers and the feet are the most reliable locations to measure from, followed by the wrists. We suggest setting site-specific response windows for different measurement locations. An investigation of repeatability showed that within-subject correlations, response frequencies, response amplitudes show a similar pattern from the first measurement time to a later one.

Much research on moral judgment is centered on moral dilemmas in which deontological perspectives (i.e., emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with utilitarian judgements (i.e., following the greater good defined through consequences). A central finding of this field Greene et al. showed that psychological and situational factors (e.g., the intent of the agent, or physical contact between the agent and the victim) play an important role in people’s use of deontological versus utilitarian considerations when making moral decisions. As their study was conducted with US samples, our knowledge is limited concerning the universality of this effect, in general, and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors of moral judgments, in particular. Here, we empirically test the universality of deontological and utilitarian judgments by replicating Greene et al.’s experiments on a large (N = X,XXX) and diverse (WEIRD and non-WEIRD) sample across the world to explore the influence of culture on moral judgment. The relevance of this exploration to a broad range of policy-making problems is discussed.

Source at https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918797607. Concerns about the veracity of psychological research have been growing. Many findings in psychological science are based on studies with insufficient statistical power and nonrepresentative samples, or may otherwise be limited to specific, ungeneralizable settings or populations. Crowdsourced research, a type of large-scale collaboration in which one or more research projects are conducted across multiple lab sites, offers a pragmatic solution to these and other current methodological challenges. The Psychological Science Accelerator (PSA) is a distributed network of laboratories designed to enable and support crowdsourced research projects. These projects can focus on novel research questions or replicate prior research in large, diverse samples. The PSA’s mission is to accelerate the accumulation of reliable and generalizable evidence in psychological science. Here, we describe the background, structure, principles, procedures, benefits, and challenges of the PSA. In contrast to other crowdsourced research networks, the PSA is ongoing (as opposed to time limited), efficient (in that structures and principles are reused for different projects), decentralized, diverse (in both subjects and researchers), and inclusive (of proposals, contributions, and other relevant input from anyone inside or outside the network). The PSA and other approaches to crowdsourced psychological science will advance understanding of mental processes and behaviors by enabling rigorous research and systematic examination of its generalizability.

Introduction: Research measuring the effectiveness of communication during ultrasound examinations draw attention to its use in strengthening the bond between mother and fetus. Aim: Hungarian adaptation of the Maternal–Fetal Attachment Scale, which is the most commonly used tool for measuring intrauterine attachment. Method: 114 pregnant women in the second or third trimester filled out the Hungarian version of the Maternal–Fetal Attachment Scale and an application form. Results: The questionnaire showed excellent internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.87 for the total score. Married women scored significantly higher and scores increased as pregnancy progressed. Uncertainty surrounding the fetus’s gender influenced attachment in the negative direction. There was no significant relationship between attachment total scores and a number of psycho-social factors. Conclusions: In the family-centered prenatal care the Maternal–Fetal Attachment Scale is a suitable tool to analyze ultrasound screening situations that strengthen the bond between mother and fetus. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(20), 789–795.

Aims Pain and anxiety are commonly reported among those undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Improvement in anxiety and pain control might be achieved by supplementing standard care with psychological interventions. However, the effectiveness of adjunctive psychosocial interventions in anxiety and pain control have not been addressed sufficiently by previous systematic reviews in orthopaedic surgeries. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of adjunctive psychosocial techniques to improve perioperative clinical care in orthopaedic surgery, to identify the most effective intervention types and to evaluate potential moderators. Methods We will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to address the study aims. PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses will be searched between 1980 and 2015. Prospective controlled clinical trials completed in adults, contrasting standard care and standard care supplemented with psychosocial methods, will be eligible for inclusion. Effectiveness will be assessed through the outcomes of postoperative pain intensity, analgesic requirement, perioperative anxiety, quality of life and postoperative recovery. The results of a random-effect meta-analysis will be reported. To aid implementation of best practice, moderating effects of the type and timing of psychosocial intervention, type of surgical intervention and type of anaesthesia will be evaluated through meta-regression. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup contrasts will follow as necessary. Discussion Recommendations will be made to improve medical care in orthopaedic procedures. The quality of evidence will be rated using GRADE criteria. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Mental simulation theories of language comprehension propose that people automatically create mental representations of real objects. Evidence from sentence-picture verification tasks has shown that people mentally represent various visual properties such as shape, color, and size. However, the evidence for mental simulations of object orientation is limited. We report a study that investigates the match advantage of object orientation across speakers of different languages. This multi-laboratory project aims to achieve two objectives. First, we examine the replicability of the match advantage of object orientation across multiple languages and laboratories. Second, we will use a mental rotation task to measure participants’ mental imagery after the sentence-picture verification task. The relationship between the participants’ performance of the two tasks will provide a cross-linguistic examination of perceptual simulation processes. With the (broad) evaluation of individual mental imagery ability and potential linguistic moderators, we expect a robust estimation of match advantage of object orientation.

Purpose/Objective • Behavioral interventions hold enormous promise for managing a variety of motor and nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite this, prior studies have suggested that the utilization of these interventions is relatively low. The current study seeks to understand factors that could relate to the utilization of PD behavioral strategies. Specifically, the study evaluates the self-described knowledge of, interest in, and willingness to participate in behavioral interventions in a community-dwelling sample of individuals with PD. Research Method/Design • Forty-five individuals with PD completed a survey that assessed knowledge, interest, and willingness to participate in 5 behavioral interventions: hypnosis, relaxation training, mindfulness/meditation, computerized "brain games," and counseling. In addition, participants self-reported their quality of life across several domains; these domain scores were correlated with overall ratings of interest and willingness to participate in behavioral interventions. Results • Self-reported knowledge of behavioral interventions was low, but interest and willingness to participate was moderate to high across modalities. Statistically significant correlations were noted between perceived knowledge of the techniques and interest (r = 0.29, P = .05) as well as willingness to participate (r = 0.32, P = .03) in these techniques. Interest and willingness were also correlated with self-reported bodily discomfort (r = 0.36, P = .02). Conclusions/Implications • The participants of the current sample were interested and willing to participate in behavioral interventions but had limited knowledge of the potential for these techniques to manage their symptoms. The reported high level of willingness to participate in behavioral interventions suggests that it is feasible to provide behavioral interventions in this population.

Abstract: Introduction and aim: Hip and knee replacement surgery is very demanding for patients. Medication consumption is further increased by perioperative anxiety. Besides pain killer and anxiolytic medications, patients’ recovery can be enhanced by applying therapeutic suggestions, which are easily applicable during the patient–physician communication. Method: In our prospective, randomized, controlled study we examined the effects of positive suggestions on patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty in spinal anaesthesia. Members of the suggestion group received the therapeutic suggestions during a pre-surgery physician visit, and by listening to an audio recording during surgery. Results: Compared to the control group (n = 50), in the suggestion group (n = 45) the need of medication (pain killer and adjuvant pain medication) during the surgery was lower (p = 0.037), the mean change from baseline in the well-being of the patients was better on the 2nd [1.31 (0.57; 2.04); p

This paper argues that studying why and when people call certain actions stupid should be the interest of psychological investigations not just because it is a frequent everyday behavior, but also because it is a robust behavioral reflection of the rationalistic expectations to which people adjust their own behavior and expect others to. The relationship of intelligence and intelligent behavior has been the topic of recent debates, yet understanding why we call certain actions stupid irrespective of their cognitive abilities requires the understanding of what people mean when they call an action stupid. To study these questions empirically, we analyzed real-life examples where people called an action stupid. A collection of such stories was categorized by raters along a list of psychological concepts to explore what the causes are that people attribute to the stupid actions observed. We found that people use the label stupid for three separate types of situation: (1) violations of maintaining a balance between confidence and abilities; (2) failures of attention; and (3) lack of control. The level of observed stupidity was always amplified by higher responsibility being attributed to the actor and by the severity of the consequences of the action. These results bring us closer to understanding people's conception of unintelligent behavior while emphasizing the broader psychological perspectives of studying the attribute of stupid in everyday life.

Exploring autonomic nervous system (ANS) changes during hypnosis is critical for understanding the nature and extent of the hypnotic phenomenon and for identifying the mechanisms underlying the effects of hypnosis in different medical conditions. To assess ANS changes during hypnosis, electrodermal activity and pulse rate variability (PRV) were measured in 121 young adults. Participants either received hypnotic induction (hypnosis condition) or listened to music (control condition), and both groups were exposed to test suggestions. Blocks of silence and experimental sound stimuli were presented at baseline, after induction, and after de-induction. Skin conductance level (SCL) and high frequency (HF) power of PRV measured at each phase were compared between groups. Hypnosis decreased SCL compared to the control condition; however, there were no group differences in HF power. Furthermore, hypnotic suggestibility did not moderate ANS changes in the hypnosis group. These findings indicate that hypnosis reduces tonic sympathetic nervous system activity, which might explain why hypnosis is effective in the treatment of disorders with strong sympathetic nervous system involvement, such as rheumatoid arthritis, hot flashes, hypertension, and chronic pain. Further studies with different control conditions are required to examine the specificity of the sympathetic effects of hypnosis.

National audience; Since the discovery of the mirror neuron system, it has been proposed that the automatic tendency to copy observed actions exists in humans and that this mechanism might be responsible for a range of social behavior. A strong argument for automatic behavior can be made when actions are executed against motivation to do otherwise. Strategic games in which imitation is disadvantageous serve as ideal designs for studying the automatic nature of participants' behavior. Most recently, Belot, Crawford, and Heyes (2013) conducted an explorative study using a modified version of the Rock-Paper-Scissors game, and suggested that in the case of asynchrony in the execution of the gestures, automatic imitation can be observed early on after the opponent's presentation. In our study, we video recorded the games, which allowed us to examine the effect of delay on imitative behavior as well as the sensitivity of the previously employed analyses. The examination of the recorded images revealed that more than 80% of the data were irrelevant to the study of automatic behavior. Additional bias in the paradigm became apparent, as previously presented gestures were found to affect the behavior of the players. After noise filtering, we found no evidence of automatic imitation in either the whole filtered data set or in selected time windows based on delay length. Besides questioning the strength of the results of previous analyses, we propose several experimental and statistical modifications for further research on automatic imitation.

A new control condition called Wiki is introduced. Key themes of each test suggestion of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C, were matched by a corresponding extract from Wikipedia.org. The authors compared phenomenological reports of participants across 4 conditions: hypnosis split into high and low hypnotizable subgroups, music, and Wiki condition, using the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory. High hypnotizables undergoing hypnosis reported higher altered experience and altered states of awareness than individuals in the Wiki condition, supporting the authors' hypothesis that the Wiki condition does not evoke an altered state of consciousness (internal dialogue, volitional control, and self-awareness did not differ). Wiki might be a viable control condition in hypnosis research given further examination.

The authors investigated the feasibility and possible effects of hypnotic suggestion and music for chronic pain. Ten people completed the 2-week intervention that consisted of daily listening to hypnotic suggestions combined with music. Averaged subjective pain intensity, pain bothersomeness, overall distress, anxiety, and depression decreased from baseline to endpoint. Participants rated pre- and postlistening pain intensity and pain bothersomeness decreased for each session. Information provided during end-of-study interviews indicated all participants were satisfied with treatment and felt they benefited from being in the study. Means and standard deviations are reported for outcome measures and a case study is provided. This preliminary study supports the use of a combined hypnotic suggestion and music intervention for chronic pain.

The present study explored presence of meaning in life, search for meaning in life, and their correlation with health anxiety. The Meaning in Life Questionnaire and the Short Health Anxiety Inventory were completed by 753 individuals. Results indicated higher presence of meaning in life was associated with lower health anxiety, while the opposite was observed for search for meaning in life. Results also revealed an interaction between presence of meaning in life and search for meaning in life, where individuals with high search for meaning in life and high presence of meaning in life had lower health anxiety than those with high search for meaning in life and low presence of meaning in life. These findings suggest that presence of meaning in life and search for meaning in life are correlates of health anxiety.

Changes in oxytocin and cortisol levels were tested in healthy volunteers during hypnotic interactions in standardized laboratory sessions. Pre- to posthypnosis changes of oxytocin and cortisol were related to the hypnotic susceptibility of subjects and the relational experiences reposted by subjects and hypnotists on several paper-and-pencil tests. Results show that the changes in oxytocin are not related to hypnotic susceptibility but to relational experiences. After the hypnotic interaction, the subject's oxytocin level increased if perceived harmony with the hypnotist was high, whereas it increased in the hypnotist if the subject had memories of less warm emotional relationships with his or her parents. The results are interpreted within the social-psychobiological model of hypnosis.

Objective To explore the factor structure of the Maternal–Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS) and investigate its psychosocial and demographic correlates in a Hungarian sample. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Sonography clinic in a metropolitan area. Participants One hundred fourteen women over the age of 18 years in the second or third trimesters of pregnancy. Methods Participants completed the Hungarian version of the MFAS and provided information on demographic, socioeconomic, and pregnancy-related factors. Results The internal consistency of the MFAS total scale was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha=.87). However, the reliability of the five subscales was low (alpha coefficients between .57 and .74), and the original five-factor model was not supported by the factor analyses. Married mothers had higher scores on the MFAS than participants who were unmarried, and uncertainty about the sex of the fetus was associated with lower attachment scores. Furthermore, gestational age showed a positive correlation with MFAS scores. No significant association was found between the total score on the MFAS and such factors as age, income, or education of the parents; whether the pregnancy was planned; method of conception; number of children born previously; prior perinatal losses; and circumstances of the mother's own birth. Conclusion Our study showed that marital status, uncertainty about the sex of the fetus, and gestational age were associated with maternal–fetal attachment; however, more detailed analysis was not possible because of the instability of the subscales of the instrument. Further research is warranted on the underlying factors related to maternal–fetal attachment.

Pain and anxiety are commonly reported among those undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Improvement in anxiety and pain control might be achieved by supplementing standard care with psychological interventions. However, the effectiveness of adjunctive psychosocial interventions in anxiety and pain control have not been addressed sufficiently by previous systematic reviews in orthopaedic surgeries. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of adjunctive psychosocial techniques to improve perioperative clinical care in orthopaedic surgery, to identify the most effective intervention types and to evaluate potential moderators.We will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to address the study aims. PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest DissertationsTheses will be searched between 1980 and 2015. Prospective controlled clinical trials completed in adults, contrasting standard care and standard care supplemented with psychosocial methods, will be eligible for inclusion. Effectiveness will be assessed through the outcomes of postoperative pain intensity, analgesic requirement, perioperative anxiety, quality of life and postoperative recovery. The results of a random-effect meta-analysis will be reported. To aid implementation of best practice, moderating effects of the type and timing of psychosocial intervention, type of surgical intervention and type of anaesthesia will be evaluated through meta-regression. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup contrasts will follow as necessary.Recommendations will be made to improve medical care in orthopaedic procedures. The quality of evidence will be rated using GRADE criteria. Copyright © 2016 John WileySons, Ltd.

Aims Pain and anxiety are commonly reported among those undergoing orthopaedic surgery. Improvement in anxiety and pain control might be achieved by supplementing standard care with psychological interventions. However, the effectiveness of adjunctive psychosocial interventions in anxiety and pain control have not been addressed sufficiently by previous systematic reviews in orthopaedic surgeries. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of adjunctive psychosocial techniques to improve perioperative clinical care in orthopaedic surgery, to identify the most effective intervention types and to evaluate potential moderators. Methods We will perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to address the study aims. PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses will be searched between 1980 and 2015. Prospective controlled clinical trials completed in adults, contrasting standard care and standard care supplemented with psychosocial methods, will be eligible for inclusion. Effectiveness will be assessed through the outcomes of postoperative pain intensity, analgesic requirement, perioperative anxiety, quality of life and postoperative recovery. The results of a random-effect meta-analysis will be reported. To aid implementation of best practice, moderating effects of the type and timing of psychosocial intervention, type of surgical intervention and type of anaesthesia will be evaluated through meta-regression. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup contrasts will follow as necessary. Discussion Recommendations will be made to improve medical care in orthopaedic procedures. The quality of evidence will be rated using GRADE criteria.

There is a reoccurring question in medical practice: do positive attitude and communication of the medical staff make any difference? Aim: Our aim is to present a comprehensive image of the medically relevant effects of positive suggestions by reviewing the recent literature. Methods: We review the studies measuring the effects of suggestive communication of the past 20 years. In cases of studies presented in more details we quote from the suggestion scripts used in the study, too. Results: Most of the reviewed papers affirm that positive suggestions lead to decreased pain and use of pain medication. But physiological factors like bowel motility, blood pressure and bleeding during surgery can be positively affected, too. Conclusions: Suggestive communication – a yet poorly utilized tool – used appropriately can significantly affect healing and recovery of a patient. Thus we emphasize further, more detailed study of this technique and its integration into the education of medical professionals. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 96–106.