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Studies have shown that curcumin (CUR)-siRNA can improve excessive fibrosis in the repair of patellar tendon (PT) injury. First, mesoporous silicon nanoparticles (NPs) (MES-SiN) were prepared by a sol–gel method. The small molecule CUR was adsorbed in the internal pore canal of MES-Sin, and the cationic high molecular polyethyleneimine (PP) was adsorbed on the outer layer, which combined with negatively charged siRNA to form CUR@MES-SiN-PP/siRNA NPs. The preparation of NPs was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with different concentrations of NPs, and cell viability was determined by methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The NPs were prepared by siRNA labeled with the fluorescent dye 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and transfected into cells. The cellular uptake of the NPs was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and TEM. A total of 80 SPF SD rats (10 weeks of age) were randomly assigned into two groups to establish a PT injury model. The rats in experimental (Exp) group were injected with CUR@MES-SiN-PP/siRNA NP solution (2 μg/g) in the abdomen for 14 d, and those in control (Ctrl) group were injected with an equal dose of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The rectus femoris of 24 rats were taken from each group 12 h and 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, and 14 d after injury. Masson and hematoxylineosin were used to observe the degree of fibrosis of the PT tissue. The differentiation of macrophages was observed by flow cytometry, and the proliferation of tendon stem cells was observed by immunofluorescence approaches such as Pax7. The results suggested that CUR@MES-SiN-PP/siRNA NPs were successfully fabricated. The NPs showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity, the cell viability remained above 90% at concentrations below 10 μg/mL, and the NPs were ingested by higher cells. After injury, the fibrotic area of Exp group was drastically decreased (P P P P

Objective. This investigation was undertaken to systematically assess the impact of increasingly rapid recovery treatment on the functional status of the knee following anterior cruciate ligament restructuring. Methods. Computer search from the establishment of the database to March 2022 in China Knowledge Network Database (CNKI), PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, CochraneLibrary, China VIP Database, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). The control group was given only traditional rehabilitation training, and the observation group was treated with perioperative accelerated rehabilitation surgery intervention randomized controlled trial (RCT). Data for all included studies were extracted by two independent researchers, and the risk of bias for the quality of each included study was assessed by the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 criteria. Meta-analysis of the collected data by using RevMan5.4 statistical software. Results. A total of 593 articles were retrieved from the computer database and 8 RCT articles with a total of 636 samples were finally included for meta-analysis. According to the Jadad scale, the RCT score of 8 articles was ≥4 points. Meta-analysis was performed on the postoperative VAS scores of the ERAS group and the traditional rehabilitation group, and the heterogeneity test showed Chi2 = 288.60, df = 5, P < 0.00001 , and I2 = 99%. There was a statistically significant difference in the postoperative VAS scale between the intervention and the traditional rehabilitation model P < 0.05 . Eight articles reported the effect of accelerated rehabilitation surgery on the recovery of knee joint motion after ACL rehabilitation. After meta-analysis, the heterogeneity test showed Chi2 = 314.98, df = 7, P < 0.00001 , and I2 = 98%, and it can be concluded from the analysis that, compared with the traditional rehabilitation model, the enhanced rehabilitation surgery has an effect on the joint function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The improvement effect was more significant, and the difference was statistically significant P < 0.05 . Four articles reported the effect of enhanced recovery after surgery intervention on the range of motion of the knee joint of patients, the heterogeneity test showed Chi2 = 117.52, df = 2, P < 0.00001 , and I2 = 98%, through analysis, and compared with the traditional rehabilitation model and the enhanced recovery. The effect of surgery on the range of motion of the knee joint after ACL reconstruction was more significant, and the difference was statistically significant P < 0.05 . The effect of enhanced recovery after surgery and traditional rehabilitation mode on the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions in patients undergoing ACL reoperation was analyzed. The results of heterogeneity test showed that Chi2 = 1.59, df = 2, P = 0.66 > 0.05 , and I2 = 98%, and the analysis showed that, compared with the traditional rehabilitation mode, enhanced rehabilitation surgery can significantly reduce the risk of adverse reactions after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction P < 0.05 . An inverted funnel plot was used to analyze publication bias in studies with quality of life as an outcome measure. The results showed that Egger’s test P = 0.0005 < 0.001 suggesting that there may be a certain degree of publication bias. Conclusion. The existing research evidence shows that accelerating the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament can effectively promote the recovery of knee joint function, reduce the pain of patients, and reduce postoperative complications. However, more research is needed to further verify this.

This paper attempts to take China, an emerging economy in the process of industrialization and emission reduction, as an example to measure its carbon emission efficiency and related influence factors, as a reference for the developing countries to develop green economy. Based on the measurement of carbon emission, this article firstly analyzes several emission efficiency indicators: CEP, ML index and TGR. Then this article adopts Tobit model to analyze the influencing factors of these indicators. In the end, we give some suggestions for the improvement of carbon emission efficiency.

Background Infantile patients with congenital scoliosis (CS) can be confronted with increasing risk of mortality and morbidity. To date, the effectiveness of conservative treatment in CS has not been sufficiently investigated. We aimed to evaluate the bracing outcome in patients with CS and to investigate whether wearing brace can effectively delay the surgical procedures. Methods A total of 39 braced CS patients including 25 boys and 14 girls were reviewed for the eligibility to be included in this study. Radiographic parameters including curve magnitude and T1 to T12 height were evaluated for each patient at the initiation of the treatment and at the final follow-up (FU), respectively. Duration of the follow-up and requirement of surgical interventions were also recorded. The student t test was used to compare the radiographic parameters between the initial visit and the last FU. Results The mean initial age at bracing was 4.1 ± 2.3 years, and 7.5 ± 1.8 brace modifications were performed during a mean FU period of 42.1 ± 26.5 months. The mean curve magnitude before bracing was 44.1 ± 12.2°, which was corrected to 41.3 ± 13.5° at the final visit (p = 0.33). T1-T12 height increased from 13.4 ± 2.5 to 17.1 ± 2.8 cm during the treatment (P

Becoming the world's largest emitter of carbon makes China the object of criticism; however, people may ignore the fact that when China exports low-carbon products, the carbon emissions have been left in the meanwhile, forming the so-called “embodied carbon”. Using the input-output model, this paper analyzes the carbon emission intensity and amount of embodied carbon of various sectors in China's export trade in 2002 and 2007, and filters out high carbon emission sectors. In addition, this paper also points out the problem of carbon emissions’ international transfer from developed countries to China through the analysis of national and regional flow of export carbon emissions and changing of the proportion of emissions for exports relative to total emissions, and explains the reason that caused carbon transfer to China by using the treadmill of production theory. Based on that, this paper proposes some measures for carbon reduction in China from the foreign trade perspective.

The first part of the paper discusses and simulates the possible trade effect and boundary effect of the establishment of the China-Japan-South Korea free trade area. Firstly, it analyzes the trade creation effect, the trans effect, and the substitution effect of the realization degree of trade liberalization under different reduction proportions of the three countries in their free trade area negotiations, by means of GSIM model simulation. Secondly, the paper builds a boundary effect measurement model based on the gravity model and analyzes the changes of boundary effect to the principal trade partners caused by the tariff changes after the establishment of the free trade areas, by taking the China-Japan-South Korea free trade area as an example. The research shows that the reduction of tariff will lead to the reduction of the boundary effect not only to China, Japan, and South Korea but also to other trade partners to some extent. However, on the whole, the reduction of the tariff is not enough for the elimination of the boundary effect, due to the existence of many other trade barriers. What’s more, this paper makes a review of the process of the China-Japan-South Korea free trade area negotiations, discusses the respective interest appeals, and negotiates strategies on the one hand and its future prospects on the other hand.

In view of the regional economic cooperation and integration, this paper analyzes the strategic conception of “Silk Road Economic Belt” and “21st Century Maritime Silk Road”(“One Belt and One Road” for short) raised by the Chinese people. It firstly discusses the major regional cooperation mechanism and the evolution of the type in this conception. Secondly, it discusses the competitive and cooperative relationship between the construction of “One Belt and One Road” and the current regional cooperation mechanism. Also, the possible effect which may exert on the construction of the “One Belt and One Road” from the emerging regional cooperation mechanism is also analyzed. Thirdly, it elaborates on the way China should adopt to guarantee the smooth implementation of “One Belt and One Road” by making use of the current regional cooperation mechanisms and cooperating with the ones that China has not yet participated. The result of this paper shows that China has been facing with two options currently in the construction of “One Belt and One Road.” One is through the strategic means of free trade area, and the other one is through the cooperative means of regional and subregional combination. From the perspective of the feasibility and the profitability, the construction of the “One Belt and One Road” should implement an innovative cooperation model, which, at the current stage, is not a supranational mechanism, nor a model at the same level with the Customs Union or the Economic Union; it should be, on the contrary, a platform for friendly cooperation which can provide the countries within the region with better economic exchanges and channel construction, a new idea and cooperative way to create better conditions and opportunities for collaboration among different countries, various mechanisms, and organizations. If conditions are right, it will form a higher and more extensive regional economic cooperation, including the institutional arrangements of the free trade area. Thus, this platform will promote the rejuvenation of the Silk Road and provide direct convenience to the integration of the region. This can also be called negative integration, a notion raised by Tinbergen, which is a development that seems to be doing nothing but can actually make contributions proactively.

Focusing on the parameter “Multiple” of CPPI strategy, this study proposes a dynamic setting model of multiple for gap risk management purpose. First, CPPI gap risk is measured as the probability that the value loss of active asset exceeds its allowed maximum drop determined by a given multiple setting. Moreover, according to the statistical estimation using SV-EVT approach, a dynamic choice of multiple is detailed as a function of time-varying asset volatility, expected loss, and the possibility of occurrence of extreme events in the active asset returns illustrated empirically on Shanghai composite index data. This study not only enriches the literature of dynamic proportion portfolio insurance, but also provides a practical reference for CPPI investors to choose a moderate risky exposure achieving gap risk management, which promotes CPPI’s application in emerging capital market.