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The article analyzes the Supreme Court ruling of July 11, 2024 on maritime spatial planning in Spain. The controversy between fishing and offshore wind energy in the zoning of these plans is highlighted. The Court considers that the plans do not violate the principle of legality and supports the compatibility between both sectors, seeking sustainable development and the good environmental status of the marine environment. The importance of the coexistence of uses and activities in maritime space is emphasized. [Extracted from the article]

Good city management is essential in mitigating the impact of various crisis events and thus enhances urban resilience. The current zoning system that underlies China's city management system, however, hardly meets the resilient requirements in failing to appropriately and flexibly allocate patrol personnel under normal and various crisis scenarios. We propose an optimization method that gives rise to a resilient city management zoning system by introducing spatial interaction. We realize this through community detection in a spatially embedded patrol passage cost network. Illustrated by a case in Jiangbei District, Ningbo, China, we show that the optimized zoning system has significant advantages in terms of event coverage, response efficiency, and workload balance in the normal scenario as compared to the status quo with up to 3.6 percent, 5.9 percent, and 34.0 percent performance improvement, respectively. Moreover, the method also achieves similar performance improvement in three typical shock scenarios in city management: epidemic, typhoon, and crowd gathering. We conclude the article with discussions on the findings' significance in urban resilience building and their methodological and theoretical implications in applied urban sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ReHousing y el proyecto de título “Santiago, Ciudad Cooperativa” ofrecen contribuciones al tema de la vivienda colectiva desde la perspectiva del diseño y la investigación académica, explorando alternativas al desarrollo inmobiliario convencional y nuevas formas de densificación y convivencia. A través de una investigación exhaustiva sobre la vivienda unifamiliar en Toronto, que abarca aspectos como zonificación, tipologías históricas, estrategias y costos de reconversión, ReHousing se propone como una plataforma para el empoderamiento ciudadano. Su objetivo es fomentar la aparición de un nuevo tipo de agente en el desarrollo de viviendas, los “desarrolladores ciudadanos”. Por otro lado, “Santiago, Ciudad Cooperativa” es un proyecto de título y grado presentado en el programa MARQ UC. Inspirado en una reinterpretación contemporánea de las ideas de Alison y Peter Smithson sobre vivienda e interacción social, este proyecto reimagina la densificación habitacional del centro de Santiago tomando como punto de partida el sitio del histórico concurso internacional para la remodelación de Santiago centro (1972).

El presente artículo explora y analiza las distintas vías que a través del urbanismo se utilizan para fomentar y restringir usos en la ciudad. En él, se demuestra que son aceptables jurídicamente normas que determinan su aceptación o no (o su aceptación con determinadas condiciones) y se subraya que, además, la adopción de estas normas mediante técnicas como la zonificación o calificación de suelos es positiva, siempre que se respeten unos mínimos y se respeten determinadas cautelas, ya que permite flexibilidad a escala local y, desde el punto de vista democrático, cierta diferenciación ideológica. Teniendo en cuenta estas cuestiones, se proponen a continuación una serie de criterios o principios de intervención pública en la determinación de los instrumentos urbanísticos que regulan los usos del suelo para hacer frente a los conflictos actuales relativos a los usos del suelo de una forma más ambiciosa. Estos se centran en el análisis de (1) la escala idónea para abordar los diversos conflictos; (2), la proporcionalidad de las medidas y otros criterios derivados de las políticas y los principios de calidad normativa; (3), la eficiencia de las medidas y su impacto en las libertades individuales; y (4), su impacto social, y (5), ambiental.

The overcrowding of cities has led to the depopulation of rural areas, which has made them a testing ground for the location, in many cases without measure, of renewable energy installations. Something that should have a positive character, runs the risk of ending up irreparably affecting the areas where they are located, which is also unacceptable. Beyond the approach to the problem, the present work, by means of the figure of the social licence, brings possible solutions closer, with verifiable and effective examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Water & Landscape (WAL) / Agua & Territorio (AYT) is the property of Editorial de la Universidad de Jaen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Superior Court of Justice of Castilla y León has ruled that the Plan for the improvement of air quality due to tropospheric ozone must provide specific content for each area. The sentence establishes that the Administration has six months to develop the corresponding plans for the atmospheric zones. It is highlighted that the contested Plan does not specify the emission sources, pollution reduction objectives, or improvement measures and projects for each area. The Federation of Ecologists in Action filed an appeal against the agreement of the Junta de Castilla y León that approved the plan, arguing that the administration did not take into account the different areas with high levels of ozone pollution. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Gestión Joven is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Contabilidad y Administracion de Empresas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Based on hydrological criteria and some physical and hydrophysical properties of the soil, a soil grouping for water management for irrigation purposes was made, formed by five groups in which twenty two types of soil were grouped, collected on the 1:25000 map according to the genetic classification of the soils of Cuba, with this information a spatial representation of the five formed groupings was created, which allows, in an agile way, its validation and correction in such a way that it serves as a fundamental base in the services provided by the Institute of Agricultural Engineering (IAgric), and incorporate these criteria to extension programs in Cuban agriculture. The groupings presented are enriched with average chemical information of the different soil groups, and their main limitations. Basic elements are given for a more adequate phytotechnical management, which is enriched and specified with their main limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo explora el trasplante de ideas urbanísticas de la Ciudad de Nueva York a la Ciudad de México, siguiendo la metodología de la historia urbana y la geografía crítica. El fenómeno del trasplante se interpreta como un proceso complejo que incluye, predominante pero no exclusivamente, la falta de reflexividad con la que se implantan en un contexto local ideas provenientes de otras latitudes. Se parte de un hecho conocido (la influencia de la ciudad de Nueva York a nivel mundial) para examinar las diversas formas en que esa influencia se hace sentir en una ciudad determinada, en este caso la capital mexicana. Se concluye que es preciso incorporar estos temas a la agenda de investigación urbana con el fin de mejorar nuestro conocimiento sobre los orígenes de las ideas y las instituciones que rigen los procesos urbanos en contextos periféricos.

Law 4/2023, of July 6, on the organization and integrated management of the Galician coastline, defines for the first time the Galician coastline as a variable width strip on both sides of the seashore. This law regulates the administrative organization and the parties involved in the organization of the coastline, establishes the instruments for the organization of the coastline, and regulates the uses and activities on the coastline. It also recognizes fishing, shellfish farming, and aquaculture as strategic and priority uses for the sustainable development of the coastline. The law concludes with additional provisions that address topics such as coastal heritage and coastal and oceanic culture. The law came into effect on August 3, 2023. [Extracted from the article]

Studies and discussions on urban planning aimed at preventing risks and disasters have been increasing in recent decades, especially since the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the City Statute. Additionally, the rising frequency of natural phenomena, such as floods and landslides, has begun to affect cities. Despite this, few municipalities are structurally and technically prepared to prevent and respond to these situations. Many of them do not even associate or incorporate the theme of "susceptibility" into their planning policies and plans, thereby favoring the expansion of risk areas. In light of these challenges, this study presents an investigation and analysis of the presence or absence of this theme in the urban planning policies and plans in the city of São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais. As a result, contradictions and deficiencies were identified regarding the inclusion of the theme, as well as inconsistencies in microzoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was the climatic zoning of the Mayarí municipality; Lang Index was the estimation by use of data from meteorological station and WorldClim 2. The monthly images of precipitation and average temperature provided by WorldClim 2 were used with a spatial resolution of 30 seconds in the system of WGS 1984 EPSG coordinates: 4326. The images were processed in ArcGIS 3.10 software; and in the Raster Calculator option, the Lang Index was obtained. For the extraction of the values, a representation of 40 random points was made that covered the entire region under study, separated at a distance of 10 km. It was determined by linear regression in the STATGRAPHICS Plus 5.0 software; the relationship between Lang Index estimated by WorldClim 2 and that calculated with data from the Guaro meteorological station located in Mayarí municipality. The use of WorldClim 2 showed the existence of three climatic zones (arid, semi-arid and semi-humid). Its estimation had a high determination and correlation for the calculated values of said index, which allows it to be used in territories where there is a low number of meteorological stations for taking climatic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Intersecciones en Antropología is the property of Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The flora of high mountain areas is one of the least known and one of the most threatened by climate change. In addition, the phytogeographic delimitation of the mountains is difficult and not accurate enough. In this work we describe the flora of the Altoandina province in the Southern Cone of South America based on the geographical distribution of taxa exclusive to this province, we characterize the subdivisions at a regional level and generate a map of the identified districts. The results show that 883 taxa are exclusive of this province, of which 151 are only present in Chile, 220 in Argentina, and 512 are shared by both countries or are also present in Bolivia or other Andean countries. Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, and Violaceae are the richest families in the province, while Senecio, Viola and Nototriche are the richest genera. Through a network-based analysis, we confirm the presence of three Districts in the Altoandina province: Quechua, Cuyano-Pikumche, and Nothoandino. This work aims to contribute to the knowledge on geographical patterns of the High Andean flora and its conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of the geotechnical incidence of the soils present in the municipality of Ponedera, (Atlántico, Colombia) for the construction of an irrigation district was carried out by taking samples through manual piping and standard penetration tests (SPT). This information was processed in a database for analysis. The type of soil was obtained, which was mostly classified as inorganic clays and silts (CL and ML) and to a lesser extent silty and clayey sands (SM and SC), maps were made in (GIS) of soil type zoning and allowable capacities. No water table was found in the investigated soil area. Following the guidelines of the Colombian Earthquake Resistant Regulation (NSR-10) and the RAS, the usefulness for future studies is concluded. Finally, the soil explored can support load capacities at a depth of 3.0 meters of 31.8 Ton/m². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Agrology Subdivision of the Agustín Codazzi Geographical Institute (IGAC), through the Internal Interpretation Working Group, carried out the 1:25.000 scale geomorphological mapping of the Department of Cesar, Colombia, following the methodology proposed by IGAC, which is based on a hierarchical geomorphological classification used for soil surveys. The methodology applied in the geomorphological mapping process for soils provides a technical reference that allows to identify and delimitate geoforms in a standardized way of semi-detailed scale for the different areas in the Cesar Department. Therefore, for this interpretation, digital stereoscopy techniques were used from photogrammetric and Orthophoto mosaic blocks generated with aerial photographs. Likewise, as from products obtained from Digital Elevation Models (DEM), basic and thematic cartography and multispectral images, were provided by the IGAC National Satellites Images Bank. The geomorphological zoning revealed 5 geomorphological landscapes: The High-elevation Mountain, the foothills located at its base, the hills formed by scattered low reliefs, the Valley with its elongated alluvial deposits and the Plain formed by extensive alluvial planes associated with the Magdalena River. The geoforms identified are mainly composed by transported clastic sediments and alterites from different types of rocks. The arrangement of the current geographical relief is strongly related with the Quaternary climate changes, especially in the Holocene, due to the changes in sea level that affected the Colombian Caribbean Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia en su PC is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agronomía & Ambiente is the property of Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Planning Education & Research is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La Subdirección de Agrología del Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi (IGAC), a través del Grupo Interno de Trabajo de Interpretación, realizó la zonificación geomorfológica escala 1:25.000 del Departamento del Cesar (Colombia) siguiendo la metodología propuesta por el IGAC, la cual se basa en un sistema de clasificación geomorfológico jerarquizado aplicado para los levantamientos de suelos. La metodología utilizada en el proceso de elaborar la cartografía geomorfológica para suelos proporcionó un referente técnico que permitió identificar y delimitar las geoformas a la escala semidetallada de manera estandarizada para las diferentes regiones del Departamento del Cesar. Para la interpretación se utilizaron técnicas de estereoscopía digital a partir de bloques fotogramétricos y ortofotomosaicos generados con aerofotografías. Así mismo, se utilizaron productos derivados de Modelos Digitales de Elevación, cartografía básica y temática e imágenes ópticas multiespectrales, proporcionadas por el banco nacional de imágenes administrado por el IGAC. La zonificación geomorfológica realizada mostró la presencia de cinco paisajes geomorfológicos: la montaña de relieve abrupto, el piedemonte situado en su base, el lomerío constituido por relieves bajos dispersos, el valle con sus depósitos aluviales alargados y la planicie formada por extensos planos aluviales asociados al Río Magdalena. Las geoformas identificadas están constituidas principalmente por sedimentos clásticos transportados y por alteritas de diferentes tipos de rocas. La configuración del relieve actual se considera fuertemente relacionada con los cambios climáticos ocurridos en el Cuaternario y especialmente en el Holoceno, debido a los cambios del nivel del mar que afectaron el Caribe colombiano.

In this sentence from the Superior Court of Justice of Galicia, the Decree approving the Management Plan for the Maritime-Terrestrial National Park of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia is challenged. The lawsuit focuses on the lack of available technical information supporting the decisions of the decree, especially regarding seabird species and fishing activity. The court determines that the precision in the protection of these birds refers to management plans developed in accordance with fishing regulations. Furthermore, the importance of coordination between different protection regimes in overlapping areas of protected spaces is highlighted. The plaintiff NGO argues that the measures to protect seabirds in relation to trawling fishing are arbitrary. The Court considers that the Natura Network Master Plan already addresses these conservation objectives and that it is not necessary to include them in the Management Plan. Additionally, the impact of gillnet fishing on the shag is discussed, but the Court does not consider the arguments of the appellant. [Extracted from the article]

The Environmental Planning studies of the Territory (EPeT) provide a zoning model and at the same time a tool that demands the territorial planning process to articulate policies and planning actions compatible with the expectations of sustainability. In order to delimit and describe “environmental systems” (EPeT) of the Upper Arroyo Tandileofú Basin (study area), a work was carried out supported by soil cartography. For this work a methodological sequence was followed developing intermediate thematic maps up to the Environmental Planning studies of the Territory map that integrated the previous ones. The methodological sequence began with the Superficial Morphological Zoning, followed by the Edaphic Zoning. These maps derived from the Morphoedáphic Zoning. The latter map was correlated with vegetation, getting the Morpho- Phytoedic Zoning or Ecological Zoning. Then the Current Land Use (CLU) was incorporated. This made it possible to analyze the relationship between society and nature in the study area and to identify possible environmental problems derived from this relationship, and prepare the (EPeT) map of the study area. The results obtained: -made it possible to interpret the internal heterogeneity of the ecological-landscape systems and obtain 7 ecological subsystems; -the (CLU) study and mapping showed that the lands are mainly occupied by mixed crop-livestock farming (46,4%), crop activity (31,3%) and dairy farm activity (12.4%); -with the (EPeT) of study area they were obtained 16 types of cartographic units that describe territorial entities with ecological restrictions and potentialities, with the spatial structure and functions of types and forms of the (CLU). In conclusion, it is possible to infer and correlate topographiclandscape information by analyzing the soil cartography and the information of each system and subsystem represented, and the methodology highlights the use of resources and products that arise from Cartographic Science in territorial management and planning tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zona Próxima is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Si bien Argentina cuenta con un gran potencial minero, la minería metalífera de gran escala se ha desarrollado con escaso conocimiento de su potencial económico y en paralelo a una conflictividad social. En la provincia del Chubut, el proyecto Navidad es el principal incentivo para modificar el marco legal provincial y permitir su avance. Este trabajo busca, mediante escenarios, dimensionar y contextualizar los potenciales beneficios económicos (exportaciones, ganancias, recaudación, empleo) que podría generar dicho proyecto, especialmente al Estado provincial. Los resultados en materia fiscal revelan que las contribuciones a la provincia serían limitadas, pues podrían representar el 1.9 % del presupuesto y un 7.5 % de los ingresos por regalías hidrocarburíferas. El mayor impacto local podría generarse por empleos en comunas cercanas al yacimiento, aunque es poco factible dado el perfil agropecuario de dicha población. El debate público y legislativo sobre la minería en Argentina requiere más evaluaciones de este tipo a fin de estar mejor informado.

Los estudios de Ordenación Ambiental del Territorio (OAT) constituyen un modelo de zonificación y a la vez una herramienta que demanda el proceso de ordenación territorial para articular políticas y acciones de planeamiento compatibles con las expectativas del desarrollo sustentable. Con el fin de delimitar y describir “sistemas ambientales” de la OAT de la Cuenca Superior del Arroyo Tandileofú (CSAT) se siguió una secuencia metodológica, apoyada en cartografía de suelos, mediante la cual se elaboraron mapas temáticos intermedios y un mapa de OAT que integra los anteriores. La secuencia comenzó con la Zonificación Morfológica Superficial, a lo que le sucedió la Zonificación Edáfica derivando en la Zonificación Morfoedáfica; a esta última, se la correlacionó con la vegetación, resultando el mapa de Zonificación Morfo-FitoEdáfica o Zonificación Ecológica; luego, se incorporó el Uso Actual de las Tierras (UAT), lo que permitió analizar las relaciones sociedad naturaleza en la CSAT e identificar potenciales problemas ambientales producto de esta relación y elaborar el mapa de OAT de la CSAT. Los resultados obtenidos posibilitaron interpretar la heterogeneidad interna de los sistemas ecológico-paisajísticos y obtener 7 subsistemas ecológicos; el estudio y mapeo del UAT demostró que las tierras están principalmente ocupadas por actividades agropecuarias mixtas (46,4%), agrícolas (31,3%) y tamberas (12,4%); la OAT de la Cuenca permitió obtener 16 tipos de unidades cartográficas que describen entidades territoriales con restricciones y potencialidades ecológicas de cada paisaje/sitio, con la estructura espacial y funciones de tipos y formas del UAT. A modo de conclusión, es posible inferir y correlacionar la información topográfico-paisajística analizando las cartas de suelos y las descripciones de cada sistema y subsistema representados en ellas; la metodología propuesta enfatiza y pone en valor el uso de los recursos y productos que surgen de la Ciencia Cartográfica en las tareas de gestión y planificación territorial.

Este trabajo analiza los problemas derivados de las legislaciones autonómicas y locales en el sector turístico cuando las viviendas vacacionales se someten a restricciones que podrían ser contrarias a la regulación eficiente. Los tribunales han analizado las medidas urbanísticas a las viviendas que se comercializan turísticamente atendiendo a la Directiva de Servicios y otros principios y normas tanto europeos como nacionales. Recibido: 08.12.2021 Aceptado: 13.12.2021

The use of forest biomass for energy production represents one of the current alternatives considered by the country for its energy development. However, not all the information on the real potential of this resource is available at the enterprise level, which limits the timely planning of its management and sustainable use. The present work contributes to solve this situation by developing a methodology for the zoning and evaluation of the potential of residual forest biomass for energy purposes at the enterprise level. This methodology integrates data, management restriction criteria, results of previous research and Geographic Information System tools, which allows processing, analyzing and updating information on forest areas and their energy potential, based on data generated by forest management. The validation of the methodology, in its three stages, is carried out in the agroforestry enterprise La Palma, province of Pinar del Río. Seventy-six percent of the areas with a viable harvesting index are determined, 54.27 % of which are classified as very high, 0.35 % as high and 12.14 % as medium, with an annual residual forest biomass potential of 82,048.94 tons and an energy potential of 22,205 tons of oil equivalent. Three zones of high potential for energy purposes are defined: north and south of the Unidad Empresarial de Base Viñales, and the southern part of La Jagua. The results of the validation of the methodology show its viability, relevance and novelty for the company's economic, environmental and social management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the article is to estimate the susceptibility to flooding due to river overflow, taking into account average meteorological conditions, based on the study of geomorphological, hydrographic and edaphic variables. The study region is located in the lower section of the Río Negro basin (Argentina). The zoning of the study area, according to its susceptibility to flooding, is the result of a Multicriteria Evaluation (MCE), which is carried out using the weighted sum of variables and based on criteria published in the national and international bibliography. The physical variables analyzed were maximum water extension, land cover, order, drainage and soil texture, topographic slope and geomorphology of the area. These are integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS). The data used correspond to the databases of the National Geographic Institute of the Argentine Republic (IGN), the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) and previously published databases. The results categorize 46,7% (1 321,6km2) of the studied territory with low or medium susceptibility. The city of Viedma and the towns of Zanjón de Oyuela, La Boca and Primera Angostura correspond to areas highly susceptible to flooding. It was determined that the occurrence of floods is more significant in areas with topographic slopes of 1% and poor soil drainage. The results show agreement with historical flood events in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El avance de las prácticas ganaderas a nivel mundial está creciendo exponencialmente. Consecuentemente a esto tenemos las pérdidas de bosques, quedando cada vez más desérticas los suelos, afectando la micro fauna y flora presente en la misma. El objetivo principal fue determinar áreas potenciales para el desarrollo de sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP) mediante la utilización de Sistemas de Información Geográfica en la microcuenca Lluchca, provincia de Chachapoyas. Para ello se definieron cuatro tipos de aptitud: muy bueno, bueno, regular y malo. Para la delimitación de la microcuenca Lluchca se emplearon herramientas SIG (Sistemas de Información Geográfica), que facilitaron la manipulación y superposición de capas temáticas de tipo de suelo, pendiente, capacidad de uso mayor, zona de vida, red vial, red hídrica, precipitación y elevación. A estas capas se le aplicó un análisis multicriterio – Proceso analítico Jerárquico (AHP), donde se encontraron zonas con aptitud buena en 146 hectáreas, regular en 122 hectáreas y mala en 102 hectáreas, sin embargo no se encontraron zonas con aptitud óptima o muy buena.

El botadero de basura a cielo abierto de la ciudad de Portoviejo se encuentra en etapa de cierre técnico y en este existen desechos de origen doméstico e industrial. Estos desechos pueden generar contaminación por los diversos elementos químicos tóxicos que contienen. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar los suelos mediante parámetros físicos y químicos como pH, humedad, conductividad eléctrica, Residuo Seco Evaporado (RSE), Residuo Seco Calcinado (RSC), densidad real y aparente y medir Cr (VI), Ni, Br y Fe para proponer una zonificación de posible propagación de los contaminantes, con relación a las curvas de lixiviación. Se procedió a analizar varias técnicas de muestreo, en cuanto a factibilidad y aplicabilidad a la zona de estudio, por ello se empleó metodología propuesta por la Norma Técnica Ambiental Ecuatoriana, la Secretaría de Medio Ambiente de México y la propuesta basada en la publicación de Investigación de la Contaminación de Suelos del Gobierno Vasco de España, se optó por utilizar esta última, que dio como resultado un total de 20 muestras en la zona de estudio. La caracterización fisicoquímica del suelo permitió obtener información de sus propiedades, las mismas que sirvieron como insumo para la elaboración de mapas de distribución espacial, con la finalidad de aplicar algebra de mapas, en función de la variación de estas propiedades, para la determinación de dos zonas, donde, se identificó mayor y menor vulnerabilidad de contaminación en cuanto a la movilidad de estos elementos. Los valores mostrados por el pH y conductividad eléctrica determinaron que son suelos que se comportan de manera neutral y ligeramente alcalino, y suelos significativamente salinos. El porcentaje de humedad obtenido en cada uno de los extractos determinó suelos franco arenosos. Como resultado se tuvo que la mayor concentración de los elementos medidos está orientada al suroccidente del botadero, y tras analizar la relación entre la zonificación y lixiviación, se pudo determinar cómo se encuentra la movilidad de estos elementos, donde se debe prestar especial atención a la zona vulnerable que presenta curvas de lixiviación crecientes.

According to the theory of social metabolisms, human-nature interaction can generate "waste" that can act as environmental passives. The impact of scientists' interaction with nature during their field researches is rarely ever discussed on literature. In this paper, we evaluate the externalities produced by scientific research on fauna based on a zoning system of a Man and Biosphere Reserve (MaB) in order to determine incompatibilities. We assume that the MaB zoning systems could prevent the generation of this type of waste done by scientists. We systematized all documents referred to Ñacuñán MaB Reserve in Argentina (60 years of records) and created a digital library. Afterward, we spatialized the investigations related to fauna and contrasted them with the current zoning system. The results showed that most of the researches were manipulatives and were conducted at the transition zone, followed by the northern core zone. Scientists do not always respect the activities allowed by zone. Sampling sites are frequently selected according to the proximity of their accommodation rather than to the permitted activities. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate new policies to avoid scientists' liabilities and to encourage the build of knowledge and research on less studied zones, to promote conservation and sustainable development of MaB reserves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present the Territorial Zoning for Sugarcane in the State of São Paulo (ZTC), which is a counter-proposal to the Agro-environmental Zoning of the Sugar-Alcohol Sector (ZAA). The paper is based on the hypothesis that, since the existence of rural settlements and family agriculture were not considered in ZAA's formulation, the official zonings only serves as an instrument to legitimize the territorial expansion of sugarcane cultivation and agrobusiness to the detriment of family agriculture. At the elaboration of ZTC, in addition to data on edaphoclimatic characteristics and environmental restriction, which are also used by ZAA, we have added data referring to rural settlements and family agriculture territories, that is, to elaborate the ZTC, we considered the existence of multiple territories and the existence of the Agrarian Issue. Lastly, using ZAA and ZTC, we analyzed the expansion of the sugarcane cultivated area in the State of São Paulo from 2003 to 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El trabajo aplica el modelo de Zonas Climáticas Locales en el Área Metropolitana de Mendoza -AMM- utilizando el método WUDAPT y realiza un análisis crítico de su factibilidad de implementación en función de las características de la ciudad. Como hipótesis, contar con una zonificación de las estructuras urbanas homologadas de acuerdo a su condición microclimática es el primer paso para efectivizar la implementación de distintas estrategias de mitigación de la isla de calor a escala ciudad. Las limitaciones del método WUDAPT (World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools) en el área de estudio se vinculan a dos factores: la definición de clases para la zonificación y la condición de homogeneidad necesaria para determinar las áreas de entrenamiento. Los resultados muestran, que la clasificación WUDAPT se estructura en clases puras, con imposibilidad de generar subclases. Las clases puras están definidas de acuerdo a la combinación de un conjunto de parámetros que no describen de manera acabada la condición de los perfiles urbanos del AMM en verano, donde el arbolado en alineación actúa como elemento morfológico estructurante. Esto implica la necesidad de generar subclases, afectando la relación entre Factor de Visión de Cielo, relación alto/ancho de canal vial, Factor de Ocupación de Suelo, superficie impermeable y altura promedio. Otra limitación, es el tamaño de las zonas de entrenamiento, que exige áreas homogéneas de 1 Km2, condición difícil de cumplir en el AMM. En este trabajo la herramienta con clases estándar ha sido adaptada para la apropiada caracterización de las zonas climáticas en ciudades con abundante forestación urbana, cuya tipología es creciente en América Latina. Se concluye que, superadas las limitaciones de la herramienta, las zonas climáticas identificadas dentro del área de análisis muestran correlación con el paisaje de los distintos sectores de la ciudad y homogeneidad térmica intraclase.

En el presente artículo se analizan los antecedentes de la zonificación ambiental participativa (ZAP), teniendo como principal pretensión aportar elementos conceptuales y metodológicos para una planeación incluyente. La ZAP es un instrumento definido en el marco de la construcción del plan de zonificación ambiental propuesto en el Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera, concretamente en el punto 1. Hacia un nuevo campo colombiano: Reforma Rural Integral. Allí se presenta como una herramienta angular e innovadora que puede transformar los ejercicios de planificación ambiental, a partir de la participación efectiva de las comunidades locales, y contribuir a la construcción de apuestas territoriales para la identificación de las áreas de especial interés ambiental, el cierre de la frontera agropecuaria y la búsqueda de alternativas equilibradas para las comunidades locales en las zonas rurales. Abstract: This article analyzes the background of Participatory Environmental Zoning (ZAP), with the main intention of providing conceptual and methodological elements for inclusive planning. The ZAP understood as an instrument defined in the framework of the construction of the environmental zoning plan proposed in the peace effort, in the first point called Integral Rural Reform, as an angular and innovative tool that could transform environmental planning exercises, based in the effective participation of local communities and contributing to the construction of territorial resources for the identification of areas of special environmental interest, the agricultural frontier and the search for balanced alternatives for local communities in rural areas. Keywords: Land planning, zoning, areas of special environmental interest, agricultural frontier, environmental conservation.

El espacio geográfico del sudeste bonaerense se constituyó desde fines del siglo XIX como un espacio económico funcional a la etapa de crecimiento hacia afuera de Argentina. Desde ese momento, su poblamiento ha sido producto de la histórica vinculación entre los espacios urbanos con sus entornos rurales. En esta subregión, el partido de Lobería se caracteriza por su producción agrícola y ganadera, además de poseer actividades turísticas menores. En este marco, la Municipalidad de Lobería encomendó realizar un Plan de Desarrollo Local para el partido, el cual se consumó con un informe final en el año 2009, donde se exponen propuestas para desarrollar un ordenamiento territorial en las “principales localidades” del partido (Lobería, San Manuel y Tamangueyú) y del balneario Arenas Verdes, dejando relegadas a las localidades menores y a los parajes rurales. Ante esta vacancia, se realizó una investigación de tipo exploratorio siguiendo el objetivo de analizar los aspectos morfológicos y las actividades económicas del espacio rural en un área piloto, el paraje “Las Toscas”, partido de Lobería, con el fin de ensayar una zonificación en base a los usos de los suelos presentes en la actualidad. Se refiere a un área piloto ya que, consumada esta etapa, sería interesante avanzar con los demás parajes del partido. Para su elaboración, se sostuvo una metodología cualitativa. Con la finalidad de construir una definición operativa de la categoría analítica “paraje”, se trabajó con la técnica documental mediante la revisión bibliográfica. Para poder identificar el equipamiento y las funciones que caracterizan al paraje Las Toscas, se emplearon técnicas de observación directa. Y, en base a las mencionadas técnicas, así como a información obtenida de fuentes de datos secundarios, se elaboró una zonificación, cartografiando los resultados en un Sistema de Información Geográfica.

En este artículo de investigación analizaremos la segregación hacia un grupo de jóvenes en el interior de un curso escolar en Córdoba (Argentina), a quienes sus compañeros nombraban despectivamente mediante el modismo local de brasas. Se estructura en dos partes: en la primera, explicitamos las principales referencias teóricas y consecuentes decisiones metodológicas empleadas para abordar los procesos de socialización, sociabilidad y construcción de identidades juveniles en la escuela desde una perspectiva cultural y dialógica. En la segunda, presentamos los principales hallazgos de la investigación. Comenzaremos aproximando al lector al fenómeno de la zonificación del espacio escolar para llegar a plantear dos cuestiones nodales: por un lado, la relevancia de dicha zonificación como artefacto identitario, y por otro, cómo en nuestro caso de estudio esta dimensión se yuxtapuso a otros recursos culturales, contribuyendo a la estabilización de la identidad devaluada del grupo estudiado, pero también dando márgenes a la emergencia de agenciamientos singulares en sus posicionamientos identitarios. Nuestros hallazgos abonan la necesidad de ampliar la mirada investigativa para entender el espacio escolar en su imbricación con otros entornos y mundos figurados.

Este artículo representa un primer acercamiento al proceso de zonificación del potencial de materiales para la construcción, como contribución a la identificación de las fuentes de material de cantera en el Departamento del Quindío. En este trabajo se determinó la aptitud de materiales pétreos, particularmente para usos en la construcción de vías. El análisis se realizó con base en el cumplimiento de los requerimientos de calidad exigidos por la normativa actual colombiana, principalmente la norma INVIAS. La información en la que se basa el análisis de aptitud de los materiales pétreos fue obtenida del Proyecto SUB09-25 de INGEOMINAS (hoy Servicio Geológico Colombiano, SGC), asociado a la división de Minerales Industriales y Materiales de Construcción, en el que se extrajeron muestras de roca de la zona montañosa del Quindío y se sometieron a ensayos de laboratorio para su posterior caracterización. Como producto final se presenta un mapa SIG con la zonificación de las unidades geológicas en el Departamento del Quindío aptas para la explotación de agregados para la construcción de vías.

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es zonificar el riesgo por deslizamientos para el cantón Riobamba, empleando procedimientos de estadística multivariada y Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) como una alternativa metodológica que permita a autoridades y entes gubernamentales encargados de la Gestión del Riesgo Cantonal tomar decisiones óptimas en pro del beneficio de la ciudadanía que habitan las zonas más riesgosas así como para el entorno en general. Asimismo, se presenta una metodología desarrollada por el equipo científico de Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales en Europa (INSPIRE, 2012) que relaciona variables clave para el análisis de información entre ellos: Vulnerabilidad, Exposición y Riesgo; para el cantón Riobamba el 13% de su superficie tiene un alto riesgo de ocurrencia de fenómenos de remoción en masa.

En este trabajo se zonifica el riesgo de fiebre amarilla en La Macarena (departamento del Meta, Colombia), en función de amenazas ambientales y vulnerabilidades socioeconómicas. Se realizó un estudio ecológico en el que se integraron, en un sistema de información geográfica, datos publicados entre 2007 y 2013 sobre las condiciones del municipio. A través de superposición de capas cartográficas se obtuvieron magnitudes de amenaza y vulnerabilidad proporcionales al grado de severidad. Como resultado se describe la heterogeneidad espacial del riesgo de fiebre amarilla, la cual sugiere que las áreas circundantes a centros poblados, vías y ríos presentan la mayor probabilidad de transmisión. Se concluye que la representación cartográfica de la distribución espacial del riesgo en el municipio constituye un aporte metodológico a la zonificación de riesgos en salud, en espacios geográficos concretos y en función de amenazas y vulnerabilidades, lo cual facilita la toma de decisiones en salud pública.

The work applies the Local Climate Zones model in the Mendoza Metropolitan Area (AMM in Spanish), using the WUDAPT method and makes a critical analysis of its implementation feasibility based on the characteristics of the city. As a hypothesis, having a zoning of homologated urban structures according to their microclimatic condition is the first step to make the implementation of different urban heat island mitigation strategies effective on a city scale. The limitations of the WUDAPT method (World Urban Database Access Portal Tools) in the study area are linked to two factors: the definition of classes for zoning and the necessary homogeneity condition to determine training areas. The results show that the WUDAPT classification is structured in pure classes, with the impossibility of generating subclasses. The pure classes are defined according to the combination of a set of parameters that do not fully describe the condition of the urban profiles of the AMM in summer. In this season, the trees in rows act as a morphological structuring element. This implies the need to generate subclasses, affecting the relationship between Sky View Factor, road channel height/width ratio, Land Occupancy Factor, impermeable surface and average height. Another limitation is the size of the training areas, which require homogeneous areas of 1 km2, a difficult condition to fulfill in the AMM. In this work, the tool with standard classes has been adapted for the appropriate characterization of climatic zones in cities with abundant urban forestation, whose typology is growing in Latin America. It is concluded that once limitations of the tool are overcome, the climatic zones identified within the analysis area show correlation with the landscape in different sectors of the city and intra-class thermal homogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban flood is a frequent phenomenon nowadays, however urban densification and land sealing (consequence and probability), tend to enhance the risk of disasters. Aiming to reduce such risk, the objective of this work is to analyze how the legal instruments are potentiating or mitigating the risk of flooding in the main cities of the Itajaí river basin. To achieve this objective, we carried away a descriptive research over municipal master plans and legislations of Rio do Sul, Blumenau and Itajaí, with an intra-plot focus, analyzing the urbanistic indices: occupancy rate and permeability rate. These indices were related to the urban zoning map and quantified by city, making possible a comparative analysis. The urban zoning maps were also used to overlap the flooded area maps. Results show that Itajaí has the highest occupancy rates allowed and the lowest permeability rates required. Regarding the potential flood affected areas Rio do Sul and Itajaí have zones with occupation incentive within areas susceptible to flooding. In addition, like other intra-plot measures to slow down runoff of rainwater, only Blumenau has specific legislation encouraging the use of "green roof". Therefore, it is concluded that the municipal laws of the analyzed cities have not encouraged urban sustainability, and their urban indexes are contributing to the increase the flood disaster risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional asphalt classification methods are based on their penetration or their viscosity. They have limitations as they can classify different types of asphalt with the same degree, when in fact they have different behaviors. Also, the performance of pavement in the face of variations in load and temperature is not predicted. To solve these limitations, the Superpave design method was created. Among its novelties, it proposes new specifications for the classification of asphalt, depending on their performance grade (PG). PG system is based on the idea that the properties of an asphalt binder should be related to the conditions under which it is being used. This involves expected climatic conditions, pavement temperature, as well as ageing conditions. The aim of this work is to determine the PG grade that asphalt in Cuba must have. For this, three calculation models and the climatic and geographic conditions of 52 meteorological stations were used. The results obtained by the models used were compared and the one with the best homogeneity in the results was selected. With these results a zoning map of PG grades in Cuba were designed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Argentina has great mining potential, large-scale metal mining has developed with little knowledge of its economic potential and parallel to social conflict. In the province of Chubut, the project known as Navidad acts as the main incentive to modify the provincial legal framework and allow its progress. Through different scenarios, the purpose of this work is to measure and contextualize the potential economic benefits (exports, profits, tax collection, employment) that this project could generate, especially for the provincial State. Taxation results reveal that contributions to the province would be limited, representing 1.9 % of the provincial budget and 7.5 % of revenues from hydrocarbon royalties. The greatest local impact could be generated by jobs in the communes near the site, something rather unlikely given the agricultural profile of the population there. The public and legislative debate on mining in Argentina requires more evaluations of this type in order to be better informed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The boom in housing for tourist use, especially through technological platforms, is sometimes causing negative effects on the local population. In response to this process, some city council are exercising their powers in urban planning in order to avoid the excessive concentration of tourist accommodation in certain areas and proceed to an efficient distribution according to what is desirable for society. For this, intervention techniques typical of administrative law are used, such as urban zoning and sanctioning law under the justification of harmonizing the economic sectors with the protection of the environment and the territory, both higher values of constitutional scope. We will analyze administrative intervention measures in urban planning, especially the use of the zoning technique, as possible solutions to the problems derived from the processes of tourist gentrification in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the public health framework, different ways of thinking the category of territory and its association with some social results and answers about health issues can be observed. The territory has been understood as an administrative division, either as a risk receptacle or continent, as a generator of threats, which, in interaction with the people's characteristics brings about some consequences to their health. Due to the preferred shortsighted views about the risk in health —under a mainly probabilistic approach— and the territory, there is a need to broaden the understanding of the territory-risk-health relationship. In this vein, a proposal is set out herein to change from the idea of risk geographies to a territorialized risk approach. This is a bid to achieve situated risk analyses without ignoring the context dimensions. This is carried out under a scalar perspective involving different enunciation places. The statements herein are intended to illustrate the Colombian case of the mining industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]