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Zorotypus hubbardi “Hubbard’s angel insect” Figure 42 (lateral, dorsal) Several Z. hubbardi specimens were collected from Florida. Unlike the other taxa, where specimens were frozen alive, these specimens died during transport and were frozen upon arrival. Likely due to their untimely demise, tracheae suffered from fluid infilling before scanning, resulting in obscured morphology. Several specimens were scanned, and the best example was chosen for inclusion here. Zoraptera are an excellent candidate for further micro-CT study of better-preserved specimens. DESCRIPTION: HEAD: H-DCT and H-VCT in close contact, proceeding anteriad. H-Ant off H-DCT, no other head tracheae visible in this scan. THORAX: T2-S with several branches visible on specimen right side but only two determinable: T2-VB and T2-CT. T2-VB ventrad; T2-VC present. T3-S visible with T3-DLT extending dorsad and posteriorly to link with A1-S. Other thoracic tracheae partial, determined from examining volume cross sections to establish position in the body. ABDOMEN: A1..7-S discernible., Published as part of Herhold, Hollister W, Davis, Steven R, Degrey, Samuel P & Grimaldi, David A, 2023, COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE INSECT TRACHEAL SYSTEM PART 1: INTRODUCTION, APTERYGOTES, PALEOPTERA, POLYNEOPTERA, pp. 1-184 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 459 (1) on pages 1-184, DOI: 10.5531/sd.sp.55, http://zenodo.org/record/7730159

Genus Brazilozoros Kukalova-Peck & Peck, 1993 Zorotypus Silvestri, 1913: 196, partim. Brazilozoros Kukalova-Peck & Peck, 1993: 338 (description, illustration). — Engel & Grimaldi 2000: 151 (synonymy with Zorotypus Silvestri, 1913). — Kočárek et al. 2020: 11 (reinstated as valid genus, diagnosis, illustration). TYPE SPECIES. — Brazilozoros brasiliensis Silvestri, 1946; designated by Kukalova-Peck & Peck (1993): 342. TAXA INCLUDED. — Brazilozoros brasiliensis (Silvestri, 1946), B. weidneri (New, 1978), B. huxleyi (Bolívar y Pieltain & Coronado, 1963), and B. kukalovae n. sp. DISTRIBUTION. — Brazil, Peru, French Guiana (Silvestri 1946; Bolívar y Pieltain & Coronado 1963; New 1978; Hubbard 1990; Matsumura et al. 2020)., Published as part of Kočárek, Petr & Horká, Ivona, 2023, A new cryptic species of Brazilozoros Kukalova-Peck & Peck, 1993 from French Guiana (Zoraptera, Spiralizoridae), pp. 163-175 in Zoosystema 45 (6) on page 165, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a6, http://zenodo.org/record/7774863, {"references":["KUKALOVA- PECK J. & PECK S. B. 1993. - Zoraptera wing structures: Evidence for new genera and relationship with the blattoid orders (Insecta: Blattoneoptera). Systematic Entomology 18 (4): 333 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1993. tb 00670. x","ENGEL M. S. & GRIMALDI D. A. 2000. - A winged Zorotypus in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae), with discussion on relationships of and within the order. Acta Geologica Hispanica 35 (1): 149 - 164. https: // raco. cat / index. php / ActaGeologica / article / view / 75607 / 107159","KOCAREK P., HORKA I. & KUNDRATA R. 2020. - Molecular Phylogeny and Infraordinal Classification of Zoraptera (Insecta). Insects 11 (1): 51. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 11010051","SILVESTRI F. 1946. - Descrizione di due specie neotropicali di Zorotypus (Insecta, Zoraptera). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri, Portici 7: 1 - 12.","NEW T. R. 1978. - Notes on Neotropical Zoraptera, with descriptions of two new species. Systematic Entomology 3 (4): 361 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1978. tb 00005. x","HUBBARD M. D. 1990. - A catalog of the order Zoraptera (Insecta). Insecta Mundi 4 (1 - 4): 49 - 66.","MATSUMURA Y., BEUTEL R. G., RAFAEL J. A., YAO I., CAMARA J. T., LIMA S. P. & YOSHIZAWA K. 2020. - The evolution of Zoraptera. Systematic Entomology 45 (2): 349 - 364. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12400"]}

Brazilozoros kukalovae n. sp. (Figs 1-4) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F896840D-F6EE-4BA2-8293-80A47942990B TYPE LOCALITY. — French Guiana: Montagne des Singes. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Holotype. French Guiana • ♂; French Guiana, Kourou env., Montagne des Singes; 5°4’17.11”N, 52°41’50.26”W; 40 m a.s.l.; 7.VI.2022; P. Kočárek, M. Jankásek, I. H.Tuf leg.; NMPC. Paratypes. French Guiana • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; NMPC • 1 ♂; French Guiana, Montsinéry env., Sentier du Bagne des Annamites track; 4°49’37.23”N, 52°30’58.24”W; 25 m a.s.l.; 11.VI.2022; P. Kočárek, M. Jankásek, I. H. Tuf leg.; NMPC • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; French Guiana, Cacao env., Molokoï track; 4°33’39.70”N, 52°27’44.52”W; 40 m a.s.l.; 10.VI.2022; P. Kočárek, M. Jankásek, I. H. Tuf leg.; MNHN. DIAGNOSIS. — Brazilozoros kukalovae n. sp. (Figs 1-4) is morphologically similar to B. weidneri (New, 1978), but males of the two species can be distinguished by the specific arrangement of sensilla basiconica on 10th tergite and by the shape of the male genitalia. The anterior group of sensilla basiconica on the 10th abdominal tergite are composed of four sensilla in B. kukalovae n. sp., and the anterior sensilla are apparently shorter than those of the posterior group (Fig. 3D). The anterior group of sensilla basiconica are composed of only two sensilla in B. weidneri, anterior sensilla are longer than those of the posterior group; lateral sensilla basiconica of anterior group are divided basally (Fig. 3E). Differences in the morphology of the male genitalia are illustrated in Fig. 3 AC. Females of these two species can be distinguished based on the shape of the emargination of the distal edge of the 8th abdominal sternite. The emargination is deep, i.e., two times deeper than its maximal width, in B. kukalovae n. sp. In B. weidneri, in contrast, the emargination is as wide as deep and has a semicircular shape. Brazilozoros huxleyi is a visually conspicuous species, easily recognized by the hind legs, which bear three conspicuous spurs on the ventral edge in the case of B. huxleyi. In clear contrast only 10 short bristles are present in B. kukalovae n. sp. This character applies to both sexes. Brazilozoros brasiliensis is known only from the female sex, with the exception of only one described gynandromorphic specimen (Rafael et al. 2017). Based on this specimen, we suspect that the anterior group of sensilla basiconica on the 10th tergite of males is composed of two sensilla (which are not divided basally) in the case of B. brasiliensis but of four sensilla in the case of B. kukalovae n. sp. Females of the two species differ in the emargination of the distal edge of the 8th abdominal sternite, which is shallow, broadly concave, and wider than deep in B. brasiliensis vs. two times deeper than wide in B. kukalovae n. sp. All described species of Brazilozoros can be identified with the aid of the key provided in this study. ETYMOLOGY. — This species is named after Dr Jarmila KukalovaPeck in honour of her contribution to Zoraptera research.lishein GenBank as B. weidneri (New, 1978) (see Matsumura et al. 2020). Abbreviation: N/A, not available. DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT, AND BIOLOGY. — Brazilozoros kukalovae n. sp. was collected from under the bark of rotting logs in a lowland rainforest in French Guiana at altitudes from 25 to 40 m a.s.l. (Fig. 5). The species is currently known only from French Guiana, but we expect its occurrence in similar habitats in neighbouring countries in Amazonia. DESCRIPTION Apterous male Measurements. Total body length: 2.58-2.71 mm, head width 0.52-0.54 mm, head length 0.40-0.41, antenna length 1.42- 1.44 mm, pronotal width 0.44-0.45 mm, metafemur length 0.65-0.66 mm, metatibia length 0.60, abdomen maximal width 0.55-0.57 mm, cerci length 0.11 mm. Colour. Body color pale brown; tibiae and tarsi of all legs, cerci, and membranous regions lighter; antennae pale brown with antennomeres VII-IX lighter (Fig. 5E). Head. Head subtriangular, about as long as broad posteriorly, and triangular in dorsal view, slightly wider than pronotum (Fig. 1 A-C); coronal and frontal sutures invisible; y-shaped ecdysial cleavage lighter (Fig. 1 A-C); cephalic setae (Fig. 1B) short and sparse, not grouped; compound eyes and ocelli absent; fontanelle (cephalic gland) absent; antennae 9-segmented (Fig. 1A, D), antennomeres II-VI with several long setae (longer than diameter of antennomere), antennomere I slightly curved outward, antennomere II short, about half the length of antennomere I, antennomere III slightly longer than antennomere II; antennomeres IV-VIII longer than wide, distally narrowed, with maximal with in distal third, antennomere IX cylindrical, distally narrowed. Mandibles asymmetrical, triangular with rounded lateral margins, each with five teeth on distal half and serrated molar region; left mandible with apically branched stick-like prostheca, inserted on ventral surface of second (subapical) tooth; maxillary palpus five-segmented; labial palpus threesegmented (Fig. 1C). Thorax. Pronotum subrectangular, wider than long, slightly narrowed posteriorly and setose, chaetotaxy as depicted in Fig. 1B; median ecdysial suture lighter; prosternum with peglike lateral protuberance proximally on each side (Fig. 1C); mesonotum and metanotum trapezoidal, distinctly wider than long, shorter than pronotum. Legs. Covered by short setae (Fig. 1A, E); distal half of protibia with row of flat sensilla ventrally, as long as setae on tibia; metafemur broad with maximal width in middle part and gradually tapering towards apex (Fig. 1E); dorsal surface broadly setose, ventral surface with 10 bristles; length of bristles I, III, and V-X similar to length of dorsal setae, bristle I and IV distinctly shorter and thinner (Fig. 1E); metatibia with densely arranged setae and two strongly sclerotized spurs ventrally of similar length as setae in distal third of tibia; distal end of tarsomere II with short unguitractor plate and hooked paired claws (Fig. 1E). Abdominal tergites. I to VII (T1-7) with single transverse row of four to six setae of moderate length distally and few lateral, short setae on each side of midline (Fig. 2A, F); T8 with two setae posteriorly on each side of midline (Fig. 2A); T9 short, with anterior trapezoidal expansion extending beneath T8, with single transverse row of two shorter and three longer setae posteriorly on each side of midline (Fig. 2A, F); T10 posteromedially incised, with three short setae on each side of midline and an anterior and posterior group of thick, black sensilla basiconica; anterior group composed of four sensilla basiconica, posterior group of two sensilla basiconica (Fig. 2A, E-G); T11 with median upcurved projection (= male mating hook) and two lateral, subtriangular sclerites, covered by several short and moderate-length setae on each sclerite (Fig. 2D); epiproct and paraproct unsclerotized; cercus unsegmented, oval, with several moderate-length setae and several very long, fine setae (Fig. 2A, B, D-G); surface covered with numerous minute spicules except at base and apex (Fig. 2G); sternum I (S1) scarcely sclerotized; S2-S3 weakly sclerotized with single transverse row of several moderate-length setae distally; S4-6 with single transverse row of four to six moderate-length setae on each side of midline (Fig. 2A, F); S7 covered by moderate-length setae; posterior edge with 3-4 longer seta on each side of midline (Fig. 2B, D); S8 strongly transverse, with row of short setae anteriorly and row of several (3-4) moderate-length setae posteriorly on each side of midline (Fig. 2A); S9 transverse, rounded, distally with small, fine setae (Fig. 2B); S10 invaginated beneath S9, weakly sclerotized, excised distally and not visible externally in living specimens – sclerite partly visible after maceration on Fig. 2G; S 11 weakly sclerotized, composed of two lateral sclerites, each with small setae (Fig. 2B, D). Male genitalia. Symmetrical (Fig. 3A, B). Composed of antero-posteriorly oriented basal plate (sclerite I) with long, anterior tongue-like process, and bifurcated posterior part; antero-posteriorly oriented pair of central ventral sclerites (sclerite IIa,b) attached to basal plate, with laterally oriented spines anteriorly, pointed and hooked (mutually divergent) distal ends, each with minute teeth on distal third, oriented laterally; pair of sinuous transverse sclerites attached to basal plate (sclerite IIIa,b), each with elongate outer projection; pair of transverse arms (sclerites IVa,b) gradually narrowing from base to apex and curved symmetrically towards sclerites III; medial part rugose, anteriorly two rugose lobes inserted on each arm, one smaller and rounded, second larger and truncated anteriorly; central part of genital apparatus bordered by narrow lateral sclerites (sclerites Va,b); dorsally placed pair of needle-like sclerites (sclerites VIa,b) not attached to rest of genital apparatus, sclerites oriented antero-posteriorly (Fig. 2A, E). Apterous female Morphology and measurements. Similar to male. Except for following features: metafemur slender, ventral surface with the same arrangement of spines as in males, but spines thinner (Fig. 1F); abdomen wider, maximum width 0.61-0.69 mm; T10 transverse, not incised posteromedially, with row of small scattered setae on proximal and distal edge; T11 trapezoidal, not divided into two halves (hemitergites), covered with small scattered setae and pair of paramedian setae of moderate length apically, distal edge weakly incised; S8 strongly trapezoidal, wider than long, with short setae evenly scattered and longer setae flanking the distal and lateral edges; distal end deeply triangularly excised (Fig. 2C); S9 transverse, mostly covered by S8, distal edge medially with triangular protuberance juxtaposed to excision of S8 basally (gonopore between excision of S8 and protuberance of S9); S10 entire, not divided into hemitergites, transverse, weakly emarginate anteriorly, with row of small scattered setae on proximal and distal edge. Description of alate/dealate specimens Morphology. Generally similar to those of the apterous specimens except as follows: blackish brown coloration; compound eyes and three black ocelli present, ocelli arranged as triangle, two anterior to compound eyes, and one medially on anterior frons; distal edge of pronotum only weakly sclerotized; mesonotum and metanotum indistinctly divided into slightly pointed prescutum, large scutum, and smaller and posteriorly rounded scutellum (Fig. 4A). Wings. Brown-hyaline with dense pubescence (Fig. 4B, C). Forewing 2.3 mm long, hind wing 1.8 mm. Forewing veins (Fig.4B) M and Rs weak and indistinct; pterostigma present on anterior margin between R and C veins; Rs far from the wing tip, reaches C vein close to pterostigma; veins rs-m present, slightly shorter than abscissa of Rs; M thin, extended to posterior margin; M + Cu coarse and nebulous; CuA 1 extending from posterior wing margin; CuA 2 short, almost absent. Hind wing (Fig. 4C) with long R+M, R and M 1+2 veins well defined, M vein weaker; R and M 1+2 fused in distal third of wing; M short and indistinct, starting near the base of the wing; Cu absent. MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION We obtained a partial 16S rRNA sequence (500 bp) of Brazilozoros kukalovae n. sp. as a DNA barcode for the purpose of molecular identification of the species; the sequence has been deposited in GenBank under accession number OP562643 (isolate number: 94Z). KEY TO SPECIES OF BRAZILOZOROS KUKALOVA- PECK & PECK, 1993 1. Male............................................................................................................................................................ 2 — Female........................................................................................................................................................ 5 2. 10th tergite with two sensilla basiconica (one anterior, one posterior) on each side of midline. Metafemur with three conspicuous spurs on ventral edge, much longer than diameter of tibia............................................................................................................................. Brazilozoros huxleyi (Bolivar y Pieltain & Coronado, 1963) — 10th tergite with two groups of sensilla basiconica on 10th tergite, each composed of at least two sensilla. Metafemur with number of bristles, length of bristles is less then diameter of tibia................................................ 3 3. Anterior group of sensilla basiconica composed of 4 sensilla, anterior sensilla shorter than sensilla in posterior group................................................................................................................. Brazilozoros kukalovae n. sp. — Anterior group of sensilla basiconica composed of 2(3) sensilla, anterior sensilla longer than sensilla in posterior group.......................................................................................................................................................... 4 4. Lateral sensilla basiconica of anterior group divided basally (to two protrusions of similar length).................. .................................................................................................................. Brazilozoros weidneri (New, 1978) — Anterior group of sensilla basiconica composed of two sensilla, not-divided basally (based on only one known gynandromorph male – see Rafael et al. 2017).................................. Brazilozoros brasiliensis (Silvestri, 1946) 5. Metafemur with number of bristles, length of bristles is less then diameter of tibia...................................... 6 — Metafemur with three conspicuous spurs on ventral edge, as long as or longer than diameter of tibia............. ........................................................................................................................................................ B. huxleyi 6. Distal emargination of 8th sternite deep, two times deeper than its maximal width............ B. kukalovae n. sp. — Distal emargination of 8 th sternite wider, shallow........................................................................................ 7 7. Distal emargination of 8th sternite semicircular, as deep as wide................................................... B. weidneri — Sternite 8 with shallow, broadly concave emargination, significantly wider than deep................ B. brasiliensis PHYLOGENETIC POSITION OF BRAZILOZOROS KUKALOVAE N. SP. The final analysed dataset of the three markers (18S, 16S, and H3) consisted of 1,106 bp. The phylogenetic tree based on the ML method (Fig. 6) shows a strongly supported sister position of the new species B. kukalovae n. sp. with B. “ weidneri ”. The genetic divergences within Brazilozoros species based on 16S and 18S rRNA sequences using the Kimura 2-parameter model are presented in Table 2. The maximum divergence of B. kukalovae n. sp. (Fig. 6, clade 1) to B. “ weidneri ” (clade 2) is 20% for 16S and 0% for 18S. The maximum value between specimens of B. kukalovae n. sp. from French Guiana and specimens from Brazil is 4% for 16S; the 18S sequence from Brazil was not available., Published as part of Kočárek, Petr & Horká, Ivona, 2023, A new cryptic species of Brazilozoros Kukalova-Peck & Peck, 1993 from French Guiana (Zoraptera, Spiralizoridae), pp. 163-175 in Zoosystema 45 (6) on pages 165-172, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a6, http://zenodo.org/record/7774863, {"references":["NEW T. R. 1978. - Notes on Neotropical Zoraptera, with descriptions of two new species. Systematic Entomology 3 (4): 361 - 370. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1978. tb 00005. x","RAFAEL J. A., MARQUES D. W. A. & ENGEL M. S. 2017. - The first gynandromorph of a zorapteran and potential thelytokous parthenogenesis in a population of Zorotypus brasiliensis Silvestri (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 61 (4): 318 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rbe. 2017.09.001","MATSUMURA Y., BEUTEL R. G., RAFAEL J. A., YAO I., CAMARA J. T., LIMA S. P. & YOSHIZAWA K. 2020. - The evolution of Zoraptera. Systematic Entomology 45 (2): 349 - 364. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12400","KOCAREK P., HORKA I. & KUNDRATA R. 2020. - Molecular Phylogeny and Infraordinal Classification of Zoraptera (Insecta). Insects 11 (1): 51. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / insects 11010051","KOCAREK P. & HORKA I. 2023. - Cryptic diversity in Zoraptera: Latinozoros barberi (Gurney, 1938) is a complex of at least three species (Zoraptera: Spiralizoridae). PLoS ONE 18 (1): e 0280113. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0280113","SILVESTRI F. 1946. - Descrizione di due specie neotropicali di Zorotypus (Insecta, Zoraptera). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria Filippo Silvestri, Portici 7: 1 - 12.","MASHIMO Y., YOSHIZAWA K., ENGEL M. S., GHANI I. A., DALLAI R., BEUTEL R. G. & MACHIDA R. 2013. - Zorotypus in Peninsular Malaysia (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3717 (4): 498 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3717.4.4","KUKALOVA- PECK J. & PECK S. B. 1993. - Zoraptera wing structures: Evidence for new genera and relationship with the blattoid orders (Insecta: Blattoneoptera). Systematic Entomology 18 (4): 333 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1993. tb 00670. x"]}

Kočárek, Petr, Horká, Ivona (2023): A new cryptic species of Brazilozoros Kukalova-Peck & Peck, 1993 from French Guiana (Zoraptera, Spiralizoridae). Zoosystema 45 (6): 163-175, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2023v45a6

Herhold, Hollister W, Davis, Steven R, Degrey, Samuel P, Grimaldi, David A (2023): COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE INSECT TRACHEAL SYSTEM PART 1: INTRODUCTION, APTERYGOTES, PALEOPTERA, POLYNEOPTERA. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 459 (1): 1-184, DOI: 10.5531/sd.sp.55, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/sd.sp.55

Zorotypus juninensis Engel, 2000, was previously diagnosed based on the external morphology of female and male specimens without description of the male copulatory organ, which is an important character for classification in Zoraptera. Based on a detailed morphological study of the Zorotypus juninensis Engel, 2000 type collections deposited in the American Museum of Natural History in New York, and based on the comparison with the holotype male of Centrozoros hamiltoni (New, 1978), we have determined that these two species are conspecific. We therefore formally synonymize Zorotypus juninensis Engel, 2000, syn. nov. with Centrozoros hamiltoni (New, 1978). Morphological characters and phylogenetic relationships of Centrozoros Kukalova-Peck & Peck, 1993 are also discussed in this report.

Zorotypus pecten Mashimo, sp. n. (Fig. 1) Holotype. Alate male; MYANMAR, Kachin State, Hukawng Valley; Albian-Cenomanian, mid Cretaceous. The holotype is deposited in PM’s private collection (depository number BUB2809). Etymology. The specific name is taken from the Latin pecten, meaning “comb” and refers to the paired ctenidia along the posterior margin of T 9. It is a noun in apposition. Diagnosis. This species resembles Zorotypus cenomanianus Yin, Cai & Huang, 2017 with respect to its ctenidium and the group of thick setae of T 9, but is easily distinguished from it by the presence of a group of thick setae on T 10. The rugose body surface of Z. pecten sp. n. is conspicuous, but the possibility of artifact cannot be eliminated completely. Description. Alate male (Fig. 1). Integument brown except antennomeres VII and VIII, slightly lighter on distal parts of legs (Fig. 1A, B). Body surface rugose (Fig. 1A, B). Antennae 8-segmented; antennomere I distinctly elongate, approximately 4.5 times longer than wide; antennomere II short, about one-third as long as antennomere I; antennomere III subequal to antennomere II; antennomeres IV–VIII elongate, approximately 2.3–2.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 1A, B). Pronotum subrectangular, with vestiture of short setae. Metafemur with six stout spines (sp1–6) placed on tubercles along posterior border of ventral surface, faintly visible (1–6 in Fig. 1 C–E); two stiff bristles inserted on anterior border of ventral surface (1’, 2’ in Fig. 1C, D); sp5 and sp6 distinctly elongated; sp3 and sp4 slightly longer than remaining ones. Metatibia relatively stout, with two stout spines at apical third and at apex (a, c in Fig. 1C), additionally with small spine near stout apical spine (b in Fig. 1C). Meta-pretarsus with pair of small pulvilli (arrowheads in Fig. 1F); empodium reduced to hair-like structure. Abdominal terga (Fig. 1A, G) sparsely set with short setae, also with longer setae along posterior margin; posterior half of T 9 with short setae and two pairs of long, erect setae; posterior margin with dense group of short and thick setae at middle region, also with two rows of thick setae arranged as comb (ctenidium) on both sides (Fig. 1G, H); T 10 medially sclerotized, with group of short, thick setae, also with pair of setae of moderate length on both sides of this cluster (Fig. 1G, H); T 11 uniformly sclerotized, with several setae of moderate length and with two or three long setae on both sides of posterior margin, additionally with median up-curved projection (Fig. 1G, H). Cercus conical, with four or five long subapical setae subequal to length of cercus (Fig. 1A, G, H). Chaetotaxy of abdominal sterna hardly recognizable; posterior margin of S8 medially produced and more sclerotized (arrow in Fig. 1H). Forewing (Fig. 1A, B) with brownish pterostigma at anterior margin; R obliterating in pterostigma base, not reaching wing margin; Rs separating from radial stem near midpoint of wing, separated from M by short rs-m cross vein; M reaching posterior wing margin near wing apex; CuA 1 extending over 3/5 of wing, terminating on posterior wing margin; CuA 2 short, restricted to basal 1/3 of wing. Posterior margin of forewing lacking stiff, jugate setae. Hindwing without Cu.

A new species of the order Zoraptera, Zorotypus pecten sp. n., is described from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. It is tentatively assigned to the subgenus Octozoros based on 8-segmented antenna. A Gondwanan origin for Zoraptera is discussed based on the geographic distribution of extant and fossil zorapterans.

Zorotypus (Octozoros) hukawngi sp. nov. (Figs. 1���4) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A9869374-1ED3-44A6-9B13-9557 FF440500 Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar and is a reference to the location discovered of the specimen. Type material. Holotype: alate female, in Burmese amber, CSCLRCAB100005. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to the fossil species Z. nascimbenei, especially in the number and distribution of spines on metafemur and metatibiae, the shape of the head, and the regularly spaced stiff setae (i.e., jugate setae) in middle third of posterior margin of forewing. However, the new species can be easily separated from Z. nascimbenei by the following characters: the presence of the pair of strong, thornlike mesonotal spines on anterolateral corners (absent in Z. nascimbenei); mesonotum subtriangular (subrectangular in Z. nascimbenei); the presence of the pair of angulate anterolateral corners (absent in Z. nascimbenei); antennomere II moniliform, approximately equal to 2/3 the length of antennomere III (vs. antennomere II straight, not gently curved outward, approximately equal in size to antennomere III); cerci with apical spinelike seta (vs. cerci without apical spinelike seta); metatibia slightly shorter than metafemur (vs. metatibia slightly longer than metafemur). Description. Alate female (Figs. 1, 2) body length (exclusive of antennae) 2.04 mm, antennal length 0.93 mm; forewing length 2.30 mm; hindwing length 1.85 mm; head length 0.31 mm, width 0.43 mm; pronotal length 0.36 mm, width 0.32 mm; mesonotal length 0.26 mm, width 0.30 mm; metanotal length 0.20 mm, width 0.30 mm. Metafemoral length 0.64 mm, width (maximal) 0.29 mm; metatibial length 0.56 mm; abdominal length 0.86 mm; circus length 0.08 mm. Integument generally reddish-brown and smooth. Head (Fig.3A) subtriangular, posterior border slightly broader than pronotum. Antenna (Fig.3B; a 1���a 8) with eight segments; antennomere I elongate, 2.7�� longer than wide, almost as long as combined length of next two segments; antennomere II apparently constricted at the basal half, approximately equal to 2/3 length of antennomere III; antennomere IV nearly twice length of II and longer than third segment, fourth through eighth segments roughly equal in length. Maxillary palpomeres not visible. Pronotum (Fig. 3C; prn) elongate, longer than wide, and narrower than head; without crescentic ridges along anterior third; posterior and anterior widths equivalent; anterior and lateral margins with long, dense setae, longer than posterior setae. Mesonotum (Fig. 3C; msn) subtriangular, broader than long, with pair of strong, thornlike spines on anterolateral corners and projecting laterally; anterior margin straight. Metanotum (Fig. 3C; mtn) trapezoidal, broader than long, shorter than mesonotum, anterolateral corners also somewhat angulate; anterior margin curved backward. Mesonotum and metanotum with sparse, minute setae. Metafemur (Fig. 3D) expanded, maximal width slightly less than one-half total metafemoral length, gently tapering toward apex; seven stout and strongly sclerotized spines along posterior border of metafemoral ventral surface (Fig. 3D; 1 ���7), spines situated on tubercles, slightly angled toward metafemoral apex except for metafemoral slanted spine sp2; basal spine sp7 present, as large as sp6 (spine at midpoint of metafemur); sp1���sp5 distinctly shorter than sp6 and sp7; sp2 slightly longer than other spines of apical series (sp1���sp5); sp1���sp5 regularly spaced, separated by less than length of an individual spine; sp6 slightly more distantly separated from apical series, separated by 2.5�� sp5 length; sp2 slightly shorter and thinner than sp1. Metatibia (Fig. 4A) slightly shorter than metafemur, slender, dilated towards apex; metatibia with single spine at about three-quarters length from metatibia base and another spine near apex; length of spines (spa, spb) (Fig. 4A; a, b) longer than spines of apical series (sp1���sp5), but shorter than sp6 and sp7; width of basal-most metatarsomere and distal metatarsomere equivalent; claws paired, equal, simple (Fig. 4B). Abdominal terga with scattered, minute setae, transverse rows of setae along posterior margin; terga laterally with stiff, erect, posterolaterally directed setae. Sterna with sparse, minute setae; sternites V���VIII (others not visible) with one transverse row of moderate-length setae along the posterior margin, several long setae in middle area and few setae laterally; cerci (Fig.4C) conical except tapering toward apex, unsegmented, with four subapical and one apical spinelike setae. Wing venation faint with most veins represented by fuscous lines: membrane generally hyaline with scattered minute setae except infuscation forming pterostigma in forewing; marginal setae on both fore and hind wings numerous and short, slightly longer than setae on membrane; posterior margin of forewing with series of 13 regularly spaced, elongate, stiff, jugate setae (Fig. 4D; fjs) in middle third. Forewing (Fig. 2; fw) with pterostigma as an elongated area along anterior margin, distal end of pterostigma ending at Rs; R short, faint, distal end of pterostigma ending at Rs; Rs and M separating from the near midpoint of wing, first abscissa of Rs absent, distal half gradually weakening, fusing with pterostigma, reaching anterior wing margin near wing apex; M weakening in apical half, reaching posterior wing margin slightly proximally relative to termination of Rs; CuA absent. Hindwing (Fig. 2; hw) with M+R in anterior half, both R and M reaching wing margins; Cu absent. Male and apterous morphs. Unknown., Published as part of Chen, Xin-Yu & Su, Gui-Fen, 2019, Zorotypus hukawngi sp. nov., a Fossil Winged Zoraptera (Insect) in Burmese Amber, pp. 263-269 in Zootaxa 4571 (2) on pages 264-266, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/2608321

A new species of the insect order Zoraptera, Zorotypus hukawngi sp. n., is described and figured based on one not well-preserved specimen in mid-Cretaceous amber from the Hukawng Valley in northern Myanmar. Compared to known extinct zorapterans, the new species is readily distinguished by characters of the mesonotum, wings, and the spination of the metafemur and metatibia.

Zorotypus (Octozoros) hirsutus Mashimo, sp. n. (Figs. 1, 2) Holotype: Alate female; Myanmar, Kachin State, Hukawng Valley (Kania et al. 2015: fig. 1; Jałoszyński et al. 2017: fig. 1); Albian-Cenomanian boundary, mid Cretaceous. The holotype is deposited in Patrick Müller’s private collection (depository number BUB 2785). Etymology. The specific name is taken from a Latin adjective hirsutus meaning “hairy, shaggy”, and refers to the bristly or hirsute appearance, with a dense vestiture of long and slender setae. Diagnosis. Zorotypus hirsutus sp. n. is tentatively assigned to the subgenus Octozoros based on the eightsegmented antenna. This species is readily distinguished from the other species of Octozoros by the combination of the following characters: strongly developed vestiture of bristles on the entire body; very slender, elongate antennomeres; elongated head with concave genal region; absence of thorn-like protuberances on mesonotal anterolateral corners; absence of jugate setae along posterior margin of forewings; relatively slender tibiae; empodium of meta-pretarsus reduced to a slender hair-like structure. Description. Alate female. Integument blackish brown except antennomeres VII and VIII (Fig. 1A, B). Head subtriangular, moderately elongated, with concave genal region (Figs. 1C, 2A). Surface covered with vestiture of long setae (Figs. 1C, 2A). Compound eyes prominent; three ocelli present. Antennae 8-segmented, with vestiture of setae of moderate length (Fig. 1A, B); antennomere I elongate, approximately 4.5 times longer than wide; antennomere II relatively short, about one-third as long as antennomere I; antennomere III elongate, approximately twice as long as antennomere II; antennomeres IV–VI distinctly elongated, slender, approximately six times as long as wide; antennomeres VII-VIII very slender, approximately four times as long as wide. Maxilla only partly visible; galea with comb of mesally directed setae on apical region (Figs. 1C, 2A); slender lacinia with two small mesally directed teeth on distal part (Fig. 2A); maxillary palpus with palpomere I not visible; palpomeres II, III and V distinctly elongated; palpomere IV slightly longer than wide. Labial palpus with palpomere I partly visible; palpomere II slightly elongated and palpomere III distinctly elongated (Figs. 1C, 2A). Pronotum subrectangular, longer than wide, slightly narrowing anteriorly; with vestiture of setae of moderate length on surface and also densely covered with long setae along margins (Fig. 1D). Mesonotum only partly visible; distinctly broader than long, about half as long as pronotum; thorn-like protuberances on the anterolateral corners absent; with vestiture of setae of moderate length on surface and along margins. Metanotum (and part of wings) covered by bubble; distinctly broader than long, slightly shorter than mesonotum, with setae of moderate length along lateral and posterior margin. Legs densely covered with setae of moderate length; tarsi 2-segmented. Protibia with bristles arranged as comb along distal ventral half and pair of spurs inserted apically (Fig. 1C, E). Mesotibia with apical pair of spurs (Fig. 1F). Metafemur proximally expanded, gently tapering towards apex; eight stout spines (sp1–8) placed on tubercles along posterior border of ventral surface (1–7 in Fig. 1F); sp5 and sp7 distinctly elongated; sp1 slightly longer than remaining spines (Fig. 1E); right metafemur with one additional small spine between sp6 and sp7 (6+ in the inset in Fig. 1F); three stiff bristles inserted at preapical region of anterior border of ventral surface (Fig. 1F). Metatibia slender, with two stout spines at apical one-third and at apex (a, b in Fig. 1A), additionally with tiny spine near most apical spine (white arrow in Fig. 1A, G). Meta-pretarsus with pair of small pulvilli (black arrowhead in the inset in Fig. 1G); empodium reduced to slender hair-like structure (white arrowhead in the inset in Fig. 1G). Stiff spine present between metacoxae (black arrow in Fig. 1F). Abdominal setae dense (Fig. 2C). Abdominal tergum I (T1) with transverse row of setae of moderate length along posterior margin (Fig. 2B); T2–10 with vestiture of setae of moderate length; T2–7 with pair of long, erect setae on both sides of posterior region; T8–9 with two pairs of long, erect setae on both sides of posterior region. Median up-curved projections missing (Fig. 2C). Cercus unsegmented, conical, with four or five long subapical setae almost as long as cercus, proximally with moderate to long, fine setae (Figs. 1A, B, 2B, C). Abdominal sterna I–III (S1–3) not visible; S4–8 with setae of moderate length (Fig. 2C). Wing venation (Fig. 1A, B) visible as faint, fuscous lines; membrane hyaline except for brownish pterostigma of forewing, covered with minute setae; both fore and hind wings with dense fringes of short setae, slightly longer than those of membrane; posterior margin of forewings lacking stiff, jugate setae. Forewing (Fig. 1A) R reaching pterostigma base, evanescent distally; Rs separating from radial stem near midpoint of wing, connected with M by short rs-m cross vein; M reaching posterior wing margin, slightly proximal to termination of Rs; CuA 1 extending over third-fifths of wing, terminating on posterior margin; CuA 2 present as a very short stub in basal third of wing. Hind wing with R+M furcated near apex, both R and M reaching wing margins; Cu absent. Remarks. A lobe-like structure is partly visible lateral to the left galea (asterisk in Figs. 1C, 2A), but could not be unambiguously identified; corresponding part on right side concealed by bubble.

Mashimo, Yuta, Müller, Patrick, Pohl, Hans, Beutel, Rolf G. (2018): The "hairy beast " - Zorotypus hirsutus sp. n., an unusual new species of Zoraptera (Insecta) from Burmese amber. Zootaxa 4508 (4): 562-568, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4508.4.4

Key to species of Zorotypus known from Borneo 1 Male right cercus asymmetrical, strongly enlarged and curved. Ventral surface of metafemur with 7‒8 long, stout spines...................................................................................... Z. asymmetricus sp. nov. - Both cerci in males and females short, conical and symmetrical. Ventral surface of metafemur with more or fewer spines.. 2 2. Ventral surface of metafemur with four long, stout spines. Male genitalia symmetrical, with coiled flagellum..... Z. caudelli - Ventral surface of metafemur with 10 long, stout spines. Male genitalia asymmetrical, without coiled flagellum... Z. weiweii

247) Zorotypus (Octozoros) nascimbenei Engel & Grimaldi, 2002 Zorotypus nascimbenei Engel & Grimaldi, 2002: 7. Zorotypus (Octozoros) nascimbenei: Engel, 2003b: 148. Type specimen(s). H (♀): AMNH Bu-341 (AMNH)., Published as part of Guo, Mingxia, Xing, Lida, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Wang, Shuo, Shi, Aimin & Bai, Ming, 2017, A catalogue of Burmite inclusions, pp. 249-379 in Zoological Systematics 42 (3) on page 294, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201715, http://zenodo.org/record/5360313, {"references":["Grimaldi, D. A., Engel, M. S., Nascimben, P. C. 2002. Fossiliferous Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma): Its rediscovery, biotic diversity, and paleontological significance. American Museum Novitates, 3361: 1 - 72.","Engel, M. S. 2003 b. Phylogeny of the Zoraptera. Entomologische Abhandlungen (Dresden), 61: 147 - 148."]}

3.186 Genus Xenozorotypus Engel & Grimaldi, 2002 Xenozorotypus Engel & Grimaldi, 2002: 12. Type species: Xenozorotypus burmiticus Engel & Grimaldi, 2002., Published as part of Guo, Mingxia, Xing, Lida, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Wang, Shuo, Shi, Aimin & Bai, Ming, 2017, A catalogue of Burmite inclusions, pp. 249-379 in Zoological Systematics 42 (3) on page 293, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201715, http://zenodo.org/record/5360313, {"references":["Grimaldi, D. A., Engel, M. S., Nascimben, P. C. 2002. Fossiliferous Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma): Its rediscovery, biotic diversity, and paleontological significance. American Museum Novitates, 3361: 1 - 72."]}

Guo, Mingxia, Xing, Lida, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Wang, Shuo, Shi, Aimin, Bai, Ming (2017): A catalogue of Burmite inclusions. Zoological Systematics 42 (3): 249-379, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201715

3.187 Genus Zorotypus Silvestri, 1913 Zorotypus Silvestri, 1913: 196. Type species: Zorotypus guineensis Silvestri, 1913., Published as part of Guo, Mingxia, Xing, Lida, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Wang, Shuo, Shi, Aimin & Bai, Ming, 2017, A catalogue of Burmite inclusions, pp. 249-379 in Zoological Systematics 42 (3) on page 293, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201715, http://zenodo.org/record/5360313

Zorotypus asymmetricus Kocarek, sp. nov. (Figs. 1���17) Type material. Holotype apterous male, labelled ' Brunei Darussalam, 9.i.2014, Ulu Temburong NP, Sungai Esu stream, 150 m a.s.l., GPS: 04��32'14.1"N, 115�� 9'47.1"E, P. Ko�rek leg.' (NMPC), under bark of rotting log. Paratypes: same data as for holotype, 1 apterous female (NMPC), 1 apterous male, 1 apterous female (UBDC), 1 apterous male, 1 apterous female (BMNH), 3 apterous males, 4 apterous females (PKCO). Diagnosis. The new species is similar to Z. sinensis Hwang, 1974, Z. medoensis Hwang 1976, Z. impolitus Mashimo, Engel, Dallai, Beutel & Machida 2013 and Z. weiwei (Hwang 1974, 1976; Mashimo 2013; Wang et al. 2016), but it can be easily distinguished from them by the asymmetrical cerci, with the right cercus noticeably enlarged and sickle-shaped (Figs. 9���11), the species-specific shape of the male genitalia (Fig. 13), and the presence of 7���8 stout, long spines on the ventral surface of metafemur. The body is typically matte dark brown with the exception of pale yellowish gray tibiae and tarsi on all legs and antennomeres VI���IX. Description of apterous male (Figs. 1���4, 6, 7, 9���13, 17). Total body length 2.39 mm, head width 0.43 mm, antenna length 1.45 mm, pronotal width 0.41 mm, pronotal length 0.36 mm, metafemur length 0.644 mm. Body color matte dark brown except membranous regions; antennal flagellomeres VI���IX and tibiae and tarsi of all legs pale yellowish gray (Figs. 1, 17). Head subtriangular, slightly wider than pronotum (Figs. 2, 3); cephalic setae (Fig. 2) short and sparse, not grouped; compound eyes and ocelli absent; antennae 9-segmented, distal four antennomeres paler (Figs. 1, 6), antennomere I slightly curved outward, antennomere II slightly curved, short, about one-half length of antennomere III, antennomeres III���IX longer than wide, length subequal to that of antennomere I (Fig. 6). Mandibles asymmetrical, each mandible with four apical teeth and well-developed molar region (Fig. 4); maxillary palpus five-segmented, labial palpus three-segmented. Pronotum subrectangular, only slightly wider than long, slightly narrowed posteriorly and setose (Fig. 2); mesonotum trapezoidal, slightly shorter than pronotum; metanotum trapezoidal, distinctly wider than long, shorter than mesonotum. Legs with short setae; tibiae and tarsi of all legs pale yellowish gray (Fig. 1); posterior surface of profemur covered with short setae, anterior and dorsal surfaces covered with longer setae; protibia with short setae, spines arranged as comb in distal two-thirds along ventral surface, with two apical spurs; mesofemur slightly narrower than profemur, anterior surface broadly setose, posterior and dorsal surfaces covered with setae only distally; mesotibia covered with short setae and two apical spurs; metafemur broader than profemur, swollen proximally (Figs. 7, 8), anterior surface broadly setose, posterior surface sparsely setose, middle part without setae, distal half of lower edge lined with one row of longer setae (Figs. 7, 9), ventral surface with 7���8 stout spines, proximal first and second spines (spine I and II) longer than others (Fig. 7), distance between spine I and II and between spines II and II equal to length of spines 1 and 2; spines III���VIII shorter and closer to each other (Fig. 7); metatibia with short setae, subapically with one strong spine ventrally and one finer spine dorsally; basal tarsomere with stronger two spurs ventrally (Figs. 7, 9). Abdominal tergite 1 (T1) with single transverse row of setae flanking distal edge, and one pair of short setae in antero-posterior margin; T2 with two parallel rows of setae in distal third of the tergite with regular distances between individual setae; T3 with three irregular rows of setae in distal half; T4���5 with 4���5 irregular rows of setae filling distal half of the tergite, setae in the most distal row longer; T6���7 with 6���7 irregular rows of setae occupying two-thirds of the tergite, setae in the most distal row longer; T8 with 4 irregular rows of setae in posterior half of tergite and with ten longer setae on the posterior edge (Fig. 10); T9 short, strongly sclerotized anteriorly and scarcely sclerotized posteriorly, well delimited from T 10 in the middle, but fused with T 10 in lateral fifths (Fig. 10); T10 separated into anterior and posterior parts, anterior part scarcely sclerotized, with setae laterally, posterior half strongly sclerotized with medial spatula-like upcurved projection, several short setae on the base of projection and two short setae on the obtuse top (Fig. 10); T11 with long and strongly upcurved median projection with a tiny apical hook (Fig. 10) and two smaller, lateral sclerites each bearing two longer setae; projection of T11 narrower in the middle and longer than that of T10 (Fig. 10); epiproct and paraproct unsclerotized. Cerci (Figs. 9���11) unsegmented, left cercus conical with pointed apex, right cercus enlarged with sickleshaped, pointed appendage terminating in one larger apical tooth and one smaller subapical tooth on outer margin; right cercus with two long distal setae, the the more apical seta longer than and extending past distal tooth (Fig. 11). Outer basal margin of both cerci with short setae and several long and fine setae (Figs. 9���10); surface covered with numerous minute spicules except base and apex; pointed appendage of right cercus without spicules. Abdominal sternite 1 (S1) scarcely sclerotized; S2 weakly sclerotized with a few short setae on each side and four setae in the middle posterior margin; S3 with two irregular parallel rows of short setae in distal third of the sternite; S4 with three irregular rows of short setae in distal half; S5 with four irregular rows of short setae occupying posterior two-thirds of the sternite; S6 with five irregular rows of short setae occupying all but anterior fourth; S7 with 4���5 irregular rows of short setae on posterior two-thirds; S8 and S9 fused (Fig. 12), with shallow, partly visible furrow, S8 with evenly scattered fine setae, posterior margin with moderate-length to long setae, S9 asymmetrical with two posterior lobes, left lobe more prominent, each lobe with one row of strong setae; S10 invaginated beneath S8+S9, not visible externally; sternite S11 with two lateral sclerites, each with one row of small setae. Genitalia asymmetrical, with hooked and strongly sclerotized aedeagus, without elongate coiled flagellum; spatula-like basal plate present beneath aedeagus (Fig. 13). Apterous female. Generally as in male except as follows: pronotum transverse, apparently wider than long and only slightly narrowed posteriorly (Fig. 5); metafemur slender, ventral surface with 7 stout spines, thinner than in males, proximal first and second spines longer than others, but the distance between them twice the length of spines 1 and 2; distance between second and third bristles equal to length of spine 2 (Fig. 8); Abdominal T10 uniformly sclerotized with 6���8 short setae on each side and a pair of longer setae (Fig. 14); T11 trapezoidal, weakly sclerotized at distal end, with small setae laterally and one pair of longer setae (Fig. 14); both cerci short, conical with slightly pointed distal apex, surface covered with numerous minute spicules except on base and apex, and shorter and longer setae (Fig. 14); S8 strongly trapezoidal, wider than long, with short setae evenly scattered and longer setae flanking the distal and lateral edges; distal end slightly concave with peg-like projection in the middle (Fig. 16); S9 short and trapezoidal with several small setae along posterior margin (Fig. 15). Alate males and females. Unknown. Etymology. The name refers to the asymmetrical cerci and asymmetrical abdominal sternite S 9 in males. Distribution and occupied habitat. Zorotypus asymmetricus sp. nov. was collected under the bark of rotting logs in shade in the valley of Sungai Esu stream (Fig. 18). The species is currently known only from Ulu Temburong National Park in Brunei Darussalam, but we expect its occurrence in similar habitats throughout Borneo., Published as part of Ko����rek, Petr, Wahab, Rodzay Abdul & Kahar, Siti Rafhiah Abdul, 2017, Zorotypus asymmetricus sp. nov. from Brunei Darussalam, Borneo (Insecta: Zoraptera), pp. 285-290 in Zootaxa 4286 (2) on pages 286-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4286.2.11, http://zenodo.org/record/828387, {"references":["Hwang, F. S. (1974) Zorotypus chinensis, a new species of from China. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 17, 423 - 427. [in Chinese, English summary]","Hwang, F. S. (1976) A new species of Zoraptera. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 19, 225 - 227 [in Chinese, English summary]","Mashimo, Y., Yoshizawa, K., Engel, M. S., Ghani, I. A., Dallai, R., Beutel, R. G. & Machida, R. (2013) Zorotypus in Peninsular Malaysia (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa, 3717 (4), 498 - 514. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3717.4.4","Wang, J., Li, H. & Cai, W. (2016) Zorotypus weiweii (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae), a new species of angel insects, from Sabah, East Malaysia. Zootaxa, 4162 (3), 550 - 558."]}

246) Zorotypus (Octozoros) acanthothorax Engel & Grimaldi, 2002 Zorotypus acanthothorax Engel & Grimaldi, 2002: 10. Zorotypus (Octozoros) acanthothorax: Engel, 2003b: 148. Type specimen(s). H (♂): AMNH Bu-966 (AMNH)., Published as part of Guo, Mingxia, Xing, Lida, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Wang, Shuo, Shi, Aimin & Bai, Ming, 2017, A catalogue of Burmite inclusions, pp. 249-379 in Zoological Systematics 42 (3) on pages 293-294, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201715, http://zenodo.org/record/5360313, {"references":["Grimaldi, D. A., Engel, M. S., Nascimben, P. C. 2002. Fossiliferous Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma): Its rediscovery, biotic diversity, and paleontological significance. American Museum Novitates, 3361: 1 - 72.","Engel, M. S. 2003 b. Phylogeny of the Zoraptera. Entomologische Abhandlungen (Dresden), 61: 147 - 148."]}

Zorotypus huangi Yin & Li, new species (Figs 1���4) Type material. Holotype: apteron ♂, labeled ��� China: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna (������������), Mengla County (������ ���), Menglun Town (���������), forest nr. Menglun Reservoir (������������), 21��56���16���N, 101��11���25���E, rotten wood, sifted, 710 m, 05.xii.2016, Jiang, Liu, Huang & Liu leg.��� (SNUC). Paratypes: 4 apteron ♂♂, 9 apteron ♀♀, same collecting data as the holotype (SNUC). Diagnosis of apteron form. Length less than 2.5 mm; body dark brown (Fig. 1); curly setae on vertex arranged in ���V��� shape (Fig. 3 A); antennomeres I, III and IV darkish, V slightly paler, III and VI���IX pale; metafemur with 9���11 thick bristles on ventral margin (Fig. 2 E); median projection of male tergite X strongly concave apically, that of tergite XI evenly curved upward, and with a long apical bristle (Fig. 3 D); aedeagus weakly sclerotized, lacking basal plate or coiled flagellum (Fig. 3 E���G). The new species is externally similar to Z. weiweii in the overall body size, V-shape-located curly setae on the vertex, similar portions and relative lengths of the antennomeres, setation on the cercus, and number and position of the metafemoral ventral bristles. These two species can be confidently separated only by the median projection of male T10 being strongly concave at the apex (clearly observed in lateral view), median projection of T11 with a long preapical bristle, and relatively more slender aedeagus in Z. huangi n. sp. Zorotypus weiweii has the median projection of male T10 with a rounded apex, that of T11 lacking a long bristle, and the aedeagus is relatively shorter and more strongly sclerotized. Zorotypus huangi n. sp. shares with Z. impolitus a similarly elongate, weakly-sclerotized aedeagus, but they can be easily distinguished by the absence of V-shape-located setae on the vertex, median projection of T11 lacking an apical bristle, and relatively much stouter antennomeres V���IX in Z. impolitus, as well as their different distributional ranges. Description. Apteron male (Figs. 1 A���B). Body length 2.33���2.35 mm (exclusive of antennae), color dark brown except membranous regions and yellowish white cercus; head (Fig. 3 A) sub-triangular, wider than pronotum; cephalic chaetotaxy as depicted in Fig. 3 A; compound eyes and ocelli absent; maxillary palpus (Fig. 2 C) five-segmented; labial palpus (Fig. 2 D) three-segmented; antenna (Fig. 2 E) nine-segmented, antennomeres II and VI���IX paler than other ones, antennomere I slightly curved outward, antennomere II faintly curved, shortest, about two-thirds length of antennomere III, antennomeres III���IX each elongate; both mandibles with five apical teeth and well-developed molar region (Figs. 2 A���B). Pronotum sub-rectangular, slightly narrowed posteriorly; mesonotum trapezoidal, slightly shorter than pronotum; metanotum trapezoidal, distinctly wider than long, shorter than mesonotum; thorax sparsely covered with suberect setae. Legs with setae of moderate length; tibiae and tarsi of all legs paler in color; posterior surface of profemur broadly setose, anterior and dorsal surfaces covered with setae of moderate length only distally; protibia evenly covered with setae of moderate length, bristles arranged like comb in distal half along ventral surface, with two apical spurs; mesofemur slightly narrower than profemur, setae of mesofemur similar to those of profemur; mesotibia covered with setae of moderate length, with two apical spurs; metafemur (Fig. 2 F) broader than profemur, more swollen proximally than distally, anterior surface broadly setose, posterior and dorsal surfaces covered with setae of moderate length on distal half and several short setae on proximal half, ventral surface with 9���11 long stout bristles; metatibia covered with setae of moderate length, with two apical spurs. Abdominal tergite I (T1) with single transverse row of short setae along posterior margin and a few small setae laterally; T2���8 with short and moderate-length setae and pair of longer setae along posterior margin; T9 short, weakly sclerotized; T10 (Fig. 3 B) separated into anterior and posterior parts, anterior half sclerotized, with short and moderate-length setae laterally, posterior half mostly membranous, central region with median wrench-like, slightly upcurved projection (Fig. 3 D); apex of projection strongly concave; T11 laterally sclerotized with long, evenly upcurved median projection (Fig. 3 D), with its apex above level of projection of T10, preapically with long preapical bristle; epiproct and paraproct unsclerotized; cercus (Fig. 3 C) unsegmented, conical, with one long apical seta, four to five subapical moderate-length setae, several short setae, and very long, fine setae; surface covered with numerous minute spicules except at base and apex. Abdominal sternite I (S1) scarcely sclerotized, S2 weakly sclerotized centrally, with transverse row of short setae along posterior margin, S3 with two transverse rows of short setae along, S4 with three transverse rows of short setae, S5���7 with short setae evenly scattered, S5 with pair of scarcely sclerotized circular areas; S8 and 9 fused, with shallow furrow, subtriangular, with evenly scattered, moderate-length setae, posterior margin of S8 with pair of longer setae, S10 invisible externally, beneath S8���9, S11 with two lateral hemitergites, each with several setae of short and moderate length. Genitalia (Fig. 3 E���G) asymmetric, lacking elongate coiled flagellum or well-defined basal plate, composed of three weakly sclerotized sclerites. Apteron female (Figs. 1 C���D). Body length 2.42���2.45 mm (exclusive of antennae). General features corresponding to those of males. Head lacking curly setae on vertex; T10 and 11 lacking median projection, T10 uniformly sclerotized, posterior margin with pair of moderate length setae on each side, and with several short setae, T11 uniformly sclerotized, with small setae and pair of long setae; S8 and 9 not fused, S8 wider than long, with short setae evenly scattered and two pairs of moderate-length setae, posteromedially with round membranous region, S9 short and trapezoidal; several small setae and two pairs of moderate-length setae along posterior margin. Alate form. Unknown. Distribution. Southern China: Yunnan. Etymology. The specific epithet is dedicated to the Chinese entomologist Fu-Sheng Huang (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing), who described the first two Zorotypus species from China in the 1970s., Published as part of Yin, Zi-Wei & Li, Li-Zhen, 2017, Zorotypus huangi sp. nov. (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae) from Yunnan, southern China, pp. 287-294 in Zootaxa 4300 (2) on pages 288-292, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4300.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/838076

Key to species of Zorotypus known from Borneo 1 Male right cercus asymmetrical, strongly enlarged and curved. Ventral surface of metafemur with 7���8 long, stout spines...................................................................................... Z. asymmetricus sp. nov. - Both cerci in males and females short, conical and symmetrical. Ventral surface of metafemur with more or fewer spines.. 2 2. Ventral surface of metafemur with four long, stout spines. Male genitalia symmetrical, with coiled flagellum..... Z. caudelli - Ventral surface of metafemur with 10 long, stout spines. Male genitalia asymmetrical, without coiled flagellum... Z. weiweii, Published as part of Ko����rek, Petr, Wahab, Rodzay Abdul & Kahar, Siti Rafhiah Abdul, 2017, Zorotypus asymmetricus sp. nov. from Brunei Darussalam, Borneo (Insecta: Zoraptera), pp. 285-290 in Zootaxa 4286 (2) on pages 289-290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4286.2.11, http://zenodo.org/record/828387

245) Xenozorotypus burmiticus Engel & Grimaldi, 2002 Xenozorotypus burmiticus Engel & Grimaldi, 2002: 13. Type specimen(s). H (♂): Bu 182 (AMNH).

Subgenus Zorotypus (Octozoros) Engel, 2003 Zorotypus (Octozoros) Engel, 2003b: 148. Type species: Zorotypus (Octozoros) nascimbenei Engel & Grimaldi, 2002., Published as part of Guo, Mingxia, Xing, Lida, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Wang, Shuo, Shi, Aimin & Bai, Ming, 2017, A catalogue of Burmite inclusions, pp. 249-379 in Zoological Systematics 42 (3) on page 293, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201715, http://zenodo.org/record/5360313, {"references":["Engel, M. S. 2003 b. Phylogeny of the Zoraptera. Entomologische Abhandlungen (Dresden), 61: 147 - 148.","Grimaldi, D. A., Engel, M. S., Nascimben, P. C. 2002. Fossiliferous Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma): Its rediscovery, biotic diversity, and paleontological significance. American Museum Novitates, 3361: 1 - 72."]}

Three new species of the uncommonly encountered insect order Zoraptera are described and figured from Peninsular Malaysia—Zorotypus magnicaudelli sp. n., Zorotypus cervicornis sp. n., and Zorotypus impolitus sp. n. Another species from the region, identified as Zorotypus caudelli Karny, 1927, was also collected and is reevaluated herein based on new material. A brief discussion of characters used in zorapteran systematics is provided, and a key to the species of Peninsular Malaysia provided. This is the first report for the order Zoraptera from Peninsular Malaysia.

Zorotypus weiweii Wang, Li & Cai, sp. nov. Figs. 1���23, 28���30 Type material. Holotype apterous male, Malaysia: Sabah, Keningau, Borneo Jungle Girl Camp, 5˚26��55.7��N, 116˚27��08.6��E, rainforest, under bark of decaying log, 1115 m, 16. X. 2015, coll. Wang Jianyun & Zhang Weiwei. Paratypes, 4 dealate males, 2 dealate females, same location data as holotype; 2 apterous males, same rainforest, 5˚27��03.9��N, 116˚26��52.3��E, under bark of decaying log, 962 m, 9. X. 2015, coll. Liang Feiyang & Zhang Weiwei. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to Z. impolitus, but it can be easily separated from the latter by the following characters: curly setae denser on vertex of male, forming a ���V��� shape (vs. male vertex setae relatively sparse); number of stout bristles on ventral surface of metafemur ten (vs. eight to nine); male ninth abdominal tergum (T9) sclerotized (vs. T9 scarcely sclerotized); male T11 with larger sclerotized area, extended to lateral margin (vs. T11 laterally scarcely sclerotized); and the male genitalia relatively stronger, ventral sclerite broader (Figs. 2, 6, 9, 16, 20���23). Description. Apterous male (Figs. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11���23, 28). Body length 2.3 mm, generally glossy brown except membranous regions, distal sections of antennae, tibiae, tarsi and cerci yellowish white to pale white. Head sub-triangular, wider than pronotum, vertex slightly concave, with curly setae grouped beside the midline, bases of those setae forming a ���V��� shape (Fig. 2); eyes and ocelli absent; antennae about as long as head and thorax combined, nine-segmented; antennomere I slightly curved outward at basal half, with a faint constriction at the basal half, antennomere II shortest, about half length of antennomere III, antennomeres III���IX longer than wide, antennomere V longest (Fig. 11); left mandible with five teeth, prostheca inserted on the ventral surface of subapical tooth, molar region without dentes; right mandible with five teeth, the largest tooth (third tooth) with three tiny granulated dentes, molar region with fine dentes (Figs. 12, 13); maxillae symmetrical, distal divided, apex of inner part bifurcate, apex of outer part with dense hairs; maxillary palpus five-segmented (Fig. 14); labial palpus three-segmented (Fig. 15). Pronotum (Figs. 1, 4) sub-rectangular, posterior slightly narrowed; mesonotum trapezoidal, slightly shorter than pronotum, posterior broader than anterior; metanotum trapezoidal, shorter but wider than mesonotum, distinctly wider than long; thorax setose (Fig. 4). Legs with setae of moderate length, setae sparse on anterior surface of profemora and posterior surface of meso- and metafemora sparse, distal tarsomeres of all legs with short setae; posterior surface and dorsal surface of profemur covered with moderate-length setae, anterior surface and ventral surface with short setae; protibia with moderate-length setae, ventral surface of distal half with about 15 bristles, apically with two spurs; distal tarsomere about 2.5 times length of basal tarsomere. Mesofemur less strong than profemur, setae of mesofemur much like those of profemur; mesotibia with moderate-length setae and two small apical spurs. Metafemur (Fig. 16) swollen, much stronger than profemur or mesofemur, narrower apically, anterior and dorsal surface with moderate-length setae, apical half of ventral margin with three long, fine bristles on anterior surface, posterior surface nearly bare, with sparse, minute setae near the dorsal and ventral margin area, ventral surface with ten stout bristles, proximal first and third bristles longer than others; metatibia with moderatelength setae, dorsal surface subapically with one long bristle, ventral surface with two spurs apically; basal tarsomere with two spurs ventrally. First abdominal tergum (T1) with single transverse row of short setae along hind margin and a few small setae laterally; T2���7 with regular vestiture of short and moderate-length setae and a pair of longer setae along hind margin; T8 with short and moderate-length setae and two pairs of erect long setae along hind margin, inner side setae longer and stronger (Figs. 6, 17, 18). T9 short, weakly sclerotized; T10 separated into anterior and posterior parts, anterior half sclerotized, with short and moderate-length setae laterally, posterior half mostly membranous, central region with medial spatula-like, upcurved projection; basal projection with several fine, short setae, apically with two setae (Figs. 9, 17, 18); T11 with long, strongly upcurved medial projection centrally, bent in the middle, apically with a tiny hook (= male mating hook) (Figs. 17, 18), projection of T11 narrower and longer than that of T10 (Figs. 6, 9); base of T11 projection broadly sclerotized, narrower laterally, posterior region of broadly sclerotized margin bearing four moderate-length setae on each side (Fig. 6); epiproct and paraproct unsclerotized; cercus (Fig. 19) 1-segmented, conical, with one long apical seta, three subapical moderate-length setae, several short setae, and very long, fine setae; surface covered with numerous minute spicules (Fig. 19) except at base and apex. First abdominal sternum (S1) scarcely sclerotized; S2 weakly sclerotized centrally, with two or three short setae on each side; S3 with two transverse rows of short setae, basal row sparse; S4 with three transverse rows of short setae; S5���7 with short setae evenly scattered, S5 with pair of scarcely sclerotized circular areas; S8 and S9 fused, with shallow furrow, S8+9 subtriangular, with evenly scattered, moderate-length setae, posterior margin of S8 with a pair of longer setae; S10 invisible externally, beneath S8+9; S11 with two lateral sclerites, each with four short setae and two moderately long setae; on inner side setae longer, with a pair of tiny sensory setae on each side of inner membranous area (Figs. 6, 9, 17���18). Genitalia asymmetrical (Figs. 20���23), without elongate coiled flagellum or well-defined basal plate; dorsal sclerite twisted and elongated, slightly bent in middle; middle sclerite short, ventral sclerite broadly extended. Apterous female. Generally as in male except as follows: head without curly setae on vertex. Abdominal T10 uniformly sclerotized, posterior margin with a pair of moderate length setae on each side, and with several short setae (Fig. 10); T11 without projection, mostly sclerotized, with several setae (Fig. 10); abdominal sterna with more setae than male; S8 not fused with S9, S9 short and trapezoidal, with several short setae and a pair of moderate length setae (Figs. 8, 10). Alate. Body color generally darker than apteron (Fig. 29), color blackish brown. Compound eyes and three black ocelli present (Fig. 3). Pronotum wider than long, mesonotum and metanotum indistinctly divided into several areas: prescutum, scutum and scutellum (Fig. 5). Wings clothed and fringed with numerous microsetae. Biology. Apterons, alates and dealates, as well as juveniles, were found living together under rotting bark of rain forest (Figs. 26, 27). Zorapterans mainly feed on fungal spores, organic matter or perhaps small arthropods. Alates and dealates were easily distinguished by nimble movements and compound eyes, even in juvenile stages (Figs. 28���30). We did not find any ecdysing juvenile individuals but zorapterans spent much of their time grooming almost every part of their bodies; thus, we speculate that they may be grooming to clear off fragments of exuviae. The antennae of Z. weiweii are nine-segmented, the last segment being developed at the apex of the second segment before the body color turns brown. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Chinese entomologist Zhang Weiwei, one of the collectors of this new species, in honor of his great contributions to entomology. Distribution. Sabah, East Malaysia., Published as part of Wang, Jianyun, Li, Hu & Cai, Wanzhi, 2016, Zorotypus weiweii (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae), a new species of angel insects, from Sabah, East Malaysia, pp. 550-558 in Zootaxa 4162 (3) on pages 551-557, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4162.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/256276

The evolution of the diverse insect lineages is one of the most fascinating issues in evolutionary biology. Despite extensive research in this area, the resolution of insect phylogeny especially of interordinal relationships has turned out to be still a great challenge. One of the challenges for insect systematics is the radiation of the polyneopteran lineages with several contradictory and/or unresolved relationships. Here, we provide the first transcriptomic data for three enigmatic polyneopteran orders (Dermaptera, Plecoptera, and Zoraptera) to clarify one of the most debated issues among higher insect systematics. We applied different approaches to generate 3 data sets comprising 78 species and 1,579 clusters of orthologous genes. Using these three matrices, we explored several key mechanistic problems of phylogenetic reconstruction including missing data, matrix selection, gene and taxa number/choice, and the biological function of the genes. Based on the first phylogenomic approach including these three ambiguous polyneopteran orders, we provide here conclusive support for monophyletic Polyneoptera, contesting the hypothesis of Zoraptera + Paraneoptera and Plecoptera + remaining Neoptera. In addition, we employ various approaches to evaluate data quality and highlight problematic nodes within the Insect Tree that still exist despite our phylogenomic approach. We further show how the support for these nodes or alternative hypotheses might depend on the taxon- and/or gene-sampling.

Yin, Zi-Wei, Li, Li-Zhen, Wu, Chao (2015): New and little known species of Zorotypus Silvestri (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae) from China. Zootaxa 4007 (4): 557-566, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.6

Zorotypus hainanensis Yin and Li, new species (Figs 1���5) Type material (2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀). Holotype: CHINA: apteron ♂, labeled ��� China: Hainan, Ledong Hsien [ffi����], Jianfengling N.R. [*R��], Mingfenggu [d�����], 18 �� 44 ��� 30 ������N, 108 �� 50 ��� 29 ������E, rainforest, decaying log, 995 m, 25.i. 2015, Xiao-Bin Song (SNUC). Paratypes: CHINA: 1 apteron ♂, same label data as holotype; 1 apteron ♀, also at Jianfengling, ���District V [��∬U], 18 �� 43 ��� 57 ������N, 108 �� 52 ��� 41 ������E, broad-leaved forest, decaying log, 975 m, 24.i. 2015, Zhong Peng���; 1 apteron ♀, labeled ��� China: Hainan, Qiongzhong Hsien [������], Limu Mt. [��DzM], nr. reservoir, 19 ��09���01������N, 109 �� 45 ���08������E, mixed forest, decaying log, 580 m, 30.i. 2015, De-Yao Zhou���; 1 apteron ♀, also at Limu Mt., ���path to peak, 19 �� 10 ��� 27 ������N, 109 �� 45 ��� 29 ������E, mixed forest, decaying log, 1000 m, 31.i. 2015, Zhong Peng���. (all SNUC) Description. Apteron male (Fig. 1). Body length 2.54���2.60 mm (exclusive of antennae), color glossy brown except membranous regions and yellowish white cercus; head (Fig. 2 A) sub-triangular, slightly wider than pronotum, with whitish area in posterolateral corner; cephalic chaetotaxy as depicted in Fig. 2 A; compound eyes and ocelli absent; maxillary palpus (Fig. 2 B) five-segmented; labial palpus (Fig. 2 C) three-segmented; antennae nine-segmented, antennomeres VII paler than preceding ones (antennomeres VIII���IX missing) (Fig. 4 B), antennomere I slightly curved outward, antennomere II faintly curved, short, about one-half length of antennomere III, antennomeres III���VII longer than wide, length of each subequal to that of antennomere I (Fig. 4 B); both mandibles with five apical teeth and well-developed molar region (Fig. 4 D���E). Pronotum (Fig. 2 D) subrectangular, slightly narrowed posteriorly; mesonotum (Fig. 2 D) trapezoidal, slightly shorter than pronotum; metanotum (Fig. 2 D) trapezoidal, distinctly wider than long, shorter than mesonotum; thorax sparsely setose as depicted in Fig. 2 D. Legs with setae of moderate length; tibiae and tarsi of all legs paler in color; posterior surface of profemur broadly setose, anterior and dorsal surfaces covered with setae of moderate length only distally; protibia covered with setae of moderate length, bristles arranged like comb in distal half along ventral surface, with two apical spurs; mesofemur about as broad as profemur, anterior surface broadly setose, posterior and dorsal surfaces covered with setae of moderate length on distal half and several short setae on proximal half; mesotibia covered with setae of moderate length, with two apical spurs; metafemur broader than profemur, more swollen proximally than distally (Fig. 4 C), anterior surface broadly setose, posterior and dorsal surfaces covered with setae of moderate length on distal half and several short setae on proximal half, ventral surface with eight to nine long stout bristles (Fig. 4 C); metatibia covered with setae of moderate length, with two apical spurs. Abdominal tergites I���VI (Fig. 3 A) with single transverse row of four to six setae of moderate length and a few lateral, short setae on each side of midline; tergite VII (Fig. 3 A) with single transverse row of one long seta, two moderate-length setae, and a few short setae laterally on each side of midline; tergite VIII (Fig. 3 A) with single transverse row of one short seta, three long erect setae, and three moderate-length setae on each side of midline; tergite IX (Fig. 3 A) short, anterior trapezoidal expansion extending beneath tergite VIII, with single row of seven to eight short, thick setae on each side of midline; tergite X (Fig. 3 A) posteromedially incised, with several moderate-length setae on each side of midline, one pair of stout setae near incision; tergite XI with small median upcurved projection (= male mating hook) and two lateral, subtriangular sclerites, several moderate-length setae on each sclerite; epiproct and paraproct unsclerotized; cercus (Fig. 2 E) unsegmented, oval, with one long apical seta, three or four preapical moderate-length setae, several short setae, and very long, fine setae; surface covered with numerous minute spicules except at base and apex; sternite I scarcely sclerotized; sternite II (Fig. 3 B) weakly sclerotized; sternite III (Fig. 3 B) with single transverse row of several moderate-length; sternites IV���V (Fig. 3 B) with single transverse row of five to six moderate-length setae on each side of midline; sternites VI���VII (Fig. 3 B) with two transverse rows of moderate-length setae, anterior row with several setae, posterior row with five or six setae on each side of midline; sternite VIII (Fig. 3 B) wider than long, with evenly scattered fine setae, one longer setae on posterior margin on each side of midline; sternite IX trapezoidal, with small, fine setae; posterior margin with two moderate-length setae on each side of midline; sternite X invaginated beneath sternite IX, not visible externally; sternite XI with two lateral sclerites, each with fine setae. Genitalia symmetrical; basal plate (Fig. 4 G) well sclerotized, posteriorly bifurcate, with long, anterior tongue-like process; flagellum (Fig. 4 F) long, sclerotized, coiled; aedeagus with hook (Fig. 4 F). Apteron female. Body length 2.48���2.51 mm (exclusive of antennae). General features corresponding to those of males. Antennomere III (Fig. 4 A) slightly shorter than that of male; tergite X not posteromedially incised, with three or four setae of moderate length on each side of midline; tergite XI evenly sclerotized, not divided into two halves (hemitergites), with small scattered setae and a pair of paramedian setae of moderate length apically; sternite IX (Fig. 2 F) transverse, short, anterior margin with bifurcate projection extending beneath sternite VIII, several fine setae scattered and one pair of setae as depicted in Fig. 2 F. Alate form. Unknown. Comparative notes. This new species is similar to Z. sinensis and Z. medoensis in general appearance, but can be readily separated from both by a different placement of the bristles on the ventral margin of the metafemur (Fig. 4 C; Hwang 1974: Fig. 3), relatively shorter cerci (Fig. 1; Hwang 1974: Fig. 1), setation on the posterior margin of male sternum VIII (Fig. 3 B; Hwang 1976: Figs 1, 2), and form of the male genitalia (Fig. 4 F���G; Hwang 1976: Figs 3���4). The Taiwanese Z. newi has a unique combination of elongate first tarsomere and cercus (Chao & Chen 2000: Figs 1, 3, 6), which leads to a quick separation of this species from all other zorapterans (Engel & Grimaldi 2000: 155). Zorotypus hainanensis seems closely allied to the Malaysian Z. caudelli Karny, Z. magnicaudelli Mashimo, Engel, Dallai, Beutel & Machida, and Z. cervicornis Mashimo, Yoshizawa & Engel, and possibly to the central American Z. cramptoni Gurney, Z. gurneyi Choe, Z. hamiltoni New, and Z. snyderi Caudell by sharing a strongly elongate and coiled flagellum. As discussed in Mashimo et al. (2013), this character possibly ���represents a complex synapomorphy of these species���, and ���it appears plausible that these species comprise a clade within Zorotypus.��� On the other hand, Zorotypus hainanensis can be separated from all these congeners by the unique forms of the male genital basal plate and aedeagal hooks. Biology. The two male and one female adults from Jianfengling were collected from several fallen decomposing logs (Fig. 5 B) in rainforests at an elevation of ca. 1000 m (Fig. 5 A, C���D). The other two females from Limu Mountain were also collected from decaying logs in broad-leaved forests, one at an elevation of ca. 1000 m (Fig. 5 E), and the other at ca. 580 m. Distribution. Zorotypus hainanensis is currently known only from the Jianfengling Nature Reserve and Limu Mountain (Fig. 5 F), but it seems reasonable to expect the occurrence of this species in other well-preserved forested areas of the Hainan Island. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the region in which specimens were collected, i.e., Hainan Island., Published as part of Yin, Zi-Wei, Li, Li-Zhen & Wu, Chao, 2015, New and little known species of Zorotypus Silvestri (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae) from China, pp. 557-566 in Zootaxa 4007 (4) on pages 558-564, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/240040, {"references":["Hwang, F. - S. (1974) Zorotypus chinensis [sic], a new species from China. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 17, 423 - 427. [in Chinese, with English summary]","Hwang, F. - S. (1976) A new species of Zoraptera. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 19, 225 - 227. [in Chinese, with English summary]","Chao, R. - F. & Chen C. - S. (2000) Formosozoros newi, a new genus and species of Zoraptera (Insecta) from Taiwan. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 76, 24 - 27.","Engel, M. S. & Grimaldi, D. A. (2000) A winged Zorotypus in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae), with discussion on relationships of and within the order. Acta Geologica Hispanica, 35, 149 - 164.","Mashimo, Y., Yoshizawa, K., Engel, M. S., Ghani, I. Abd., Dallai, R., Beutel, R. G. & Machida, R. (2013) Zorotypus in Peninsular Malaysia (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa, 3717 (4), 498 - 514. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3717.4.4"]}

Zorotypus medoensis Hwang (Figs 6, 7) Zorotypus medoensis Hwang, 1976: 225. Material examined. 2 apteron ♂♂, 1 apteron ♀, 2 alate ♀♀, labeled: ��� China, Xizang A. R. [= Tibet], Motuo Hsien [ffiR��], Hanmi [R��], 29 �� 21 ��� 50 ������N, 95 ��07��� 48 ������E, under bark covered with moss, 15.vii. 2013, 2100 m, Chao Wu leg.��� (pcWC, pcBW); 9 de��late ♀♀, labeled: ��� China, Xizang A. R., Motuo Hsien, 80 K, 29 �� 39 ��� 18 ������N, 95 �� 29 ��� 25 ������E, under bark, 2.viii. 2013, 2100 m, Wen-Xuan Bi leg.��� (pcBW). Biology. All individuals were collected under barks of large fallen decomposing logs (Fig. 7). Distribution. Southwestern China: Xizang Autonomous Region. Comments. According to Hwang (1976), Zorotypus medoensis is very similar to Z. sinensis in general morphology, and can be separated from the latter only by the chaetotaxy of male sternum VIII, and form of the male genitalia. For comparative purposes, important diagnostic features of Zorotypus medoensis from the type locality are figured (Fig. 6). Both Z. medoensis and Z. sinensis lack a strongly elongate and coiled flagellum, indicating that these two species may be more closely related to Z. ceylonicus Silverstri from Sri Lanka (Hwang 1974: 427) than to the southeastern Asian and central American species that share this structure (see ���Comparative diagnosis��� of Z. hainanensis sp. n. above, and Mashimo et al. 2013: 512)., Published as part of Yin, Zi-Wei, Li, Li-Zhen & Wu, Chao, 2015, New and little known species of Zorotypus Silvestri (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae) from China, pp. 557-566 in Zootaxa 4007 (4) on page 565, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4007.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/240040, {"references":["Hwang, F. - S. (1976) A new species of Zoraptera. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 19, 225 - 227. [in Chinese, with English summary]","Hwang, F. - S. (1974) Zorotypus chinensis [sic], a new species from China. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 17, 423 - 427. [in Chinese, with English summary]","Mashimo, Y., Yoshizawa, K., Engel, M. S., Ghani, I. Abd., Dallai, R., Beutel, R. G. & Machida, R. (2013) Zorotypus in Peninsular Malaysia (Zoraptera: Zorotypidae), with the description of three new species. Zootaxa, 3717 (4), 498 - 514. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3717.4.4"]}

The order Zoraptera (angel insects) is one of the least known insect groups, containing only 32 extant species. The phylogenetic position of Zoraptera is poorly understood, but it is generally thought to be closely related to either Paraneoptera (hemipteroid orders: booklice, lice, thrips, and bugs), Dictyoptera (blattoid orders: cockroaches, termites, and mantis), or Embioptera (web spinners). We inferred the phylogenetic position of Zoraptera by analyzing nuclear 18S rDNA sequences, which we aligned according to a secondary structure model. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses both supported a close relationship between Zoraptera and Dictyoptera with relatively high posterior probability. The 18S sequences of Zoraptera exhibited several unusual properties: (1) a dramatically increased substitution rate, which resulted in very long branches; (2) long insertions at helix E23; and (3) modifications of secondary structures at helices 12 and 18.

A new species of the insect order Zoraptera, Zorotypus huangi Yin & Li, sp. nov., is described based on apterous adults collected from Yunnan, southern China. The new species differs from the previously described Chinese congeners primarily in possessing a different type of the aedeagus, whereas it shows affinities to the Malaysian Z. impolitus and Z. weiweii. This discovery highlights the diversity and complexity of the zorapteran fauna in China, and indicates that more species are likely to be found in suitable habitats along the state’s southwest border.