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A microwave Hilbert transformer is introduced as a new component for Real-time Analog Processing (RAP). In contrast to its optical counterpart, that resort to optical fiber gratings, this Hilbert transformer is based on the combination of a branch-line coupler and a loop resonator. The transfer function of the transformer is derived using signal flow graphs, and two figures of merits are introduced to effectively characterize the device: the rotated phase and the transition bandwidth. Moreover, a detailed physical explanation of its physical operation is given, using both a steady-state regime perspective and a transient regime perspective. The microwave RAP Hilbert transformer is demonstrated experimentally, and demonstrated in three applications: edge detection, peak suppression and single sideband modulation.

We introduce the concept of a Rotman-lens spectrum decomposer (RLSD) real-time spectrum-sniffer (RTSS) for cognitive radio. Compared to a previously existing RTSS, the RLSD-RTSS offers the advantages of being 1) based an a simpler and lower-cost purely passive structure, 2) easier to design and easily amenable to tunability, 3) of much broader bandwidth, and 4) of accommodating more channels. The electrical size of the device is electrically larger, but perfectly acceptable in the millimeter-wave frequency range. The proposed RLSD-RTSS is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally, and been shown to support tunability in terms of both bandwidth-resolution and operation band. Given its unique features, this device may find wide applications in 5G UHD and 3D video systems.

We present an enhanced design -- in terms of resolution flexibility, input port position arbitrariness and frequency-range tunability -- of the planar Rotman lens spectrum decomposer (RL-SD). This enhancement is achieved by manipulating the output port locations through proper sampling of the frequency-position law of the RL-SD, inserting a calibration array compensating for frequency deviation induced by input modification and introducing port switching, respectively. A complete design procedure is provided and two enhanced RL-SD prototypes, with uniform port distribution and uniform frequency resolution, respectively, are numerically and experimentally demonstrated.

We present the modeling and characterization of a time-reversal routing dispersion code multiple access (TR-DCMA) system. We show that this system maintains the low complexity advantage of DCMA transceivers while offering dynamic adaptivity for practial communication scenarios. We first derive the mathematical model and explain operation principles of the system, and then characterize its interference, signal to interference ratio, and bit error probability characteristics.

A periodic leaky-wave antenna (LWA) with tuning capability and enhanced scanning sensitivity is introduced in this paper. This antenna leverages the concept of active Gain-Loss C-section pairs to tune the group delay of each antenna unit cell without affecting its magnitude response. This in turn changes the scanning angle versus frequency rate in the periodic LWA. The proposed concept is well-suited for the application to real-time spectrum analysis, where it allows the frequency resolution to be tuned or significantly enhanced even with a low-permittivity substrate., Comment: 6 pages, 9 figures

We model, demonstrate and characterize Dispersion Code Multiple Access (DCMA) and hence show the applicability of this purely analog and real-time multiple access scheme to high-speed wireless communications. We first mathematically describe DCMA and show the appropriateness of Chebyshev dispersion coding in this technology. We next provide an experimental proof-of-concept in a 2 X 2 DCMA system. Finally,we statistically characterize DCMA in terms of bandwidth, dispersive group delay swing, system dimension and signal-to-noise ratio.

A picosecond pulse generator based on a pair of step recovery diodes (SRD), leveraging the transient response of the SRD PN junction and controlling the pulse width by a resistor, is proposed. We first explain the operation principle of the device, decomposing the pulse generation into different phases, and then demonstrate an experimental prototype with two different resistance, and hence pulse width, values.

We present a loss-gain equalized reconfigurable phaser for dynamic radio analog signal processing (R-ASP). Such a phaser provides real-time tunable group delay response with all-pass transmission. We propose a lumped loss-gain implementation, where tuning and equalization are mostly easily achieved. A theoretical study derives the transfer function and the fundamental characteristics of the device. The phaser is finally experimentally demonstrated, first using a single loss-gain pair and finally a three cascaded loss-gain pair structure with full reconfigurability , where up-chirp and down-chirp group delays are shown for illustration. It is expected that this phaser will find wide applications in radio analog signal processing (R-ASP) systems requiring dynamic adaptability.

A novel time-reversal subwavelength transmission technique, based on pulse shaping circuits (PSCs), is proposed. This technique removes the need for complex or electrically large electromagnetic structures by generating channel diversity via pulse shaping instead of angular spectrum transformation. It is shown that, compared to our previous time-reversal system based on chirped delay lines, the PSC approach offers greater flexibility and larger possible numbers of channels, i.e. ultimately higher transmission throughput. The PSC based time-reversal system is also demonstrated experimentally., Comment: 6 pages,9 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1407.7085

A novel time-reversal subwavelength transmission technique, based on pulse shaping circuits (PSCs), is proposed. Compared to previously reported approaches, this technique removes the need for complex or electrically large electromagnetic structures by generating channel diversity via pulse shaping instead of angular spectrum transformation. Moreover, the pulse shaping circuits (PSCs) are based on Radio Analog Signal Processing (R-ASP), and therefore do not suffer from the well-known issues of digital signal processing in ultrafast regimes. The proposed PSC time-reversal systems is mathematically shown to offer high channel discrimination under appropriate PSC design conditions, and is experimentally demonstrated for the case of two receivers., Comment: 5 pages

A high Radio Analog Signal Processing (R-ASP) resolution transmission-type (TT) phaser based on reflection-type (RT) phaser units is introduced, theoretically studied and experimentally demonstrated. It is first shown that RT phasers inherently exhibit higher R-ASP resolution than their TT counterparts because their group delay swing is proportional to the reflection coefficient associated with a resonator coupling mechanism (admittance inverter), easy to maximize towards unity, rather than to a coupled-line coupling coefficient, typically restricted to values will inferior to unity, as in the RT case. Moreover, a detailed sensitivity analysis reveals that the proposed phaser is simultaneously features high R-ASP resolution and low sensitivity to fabrication tolerance, which makes it an ideal solution for R-ASP. The proposed phaser exhibits a 5 ns group delay swing over a fractional bandwidth of about 50% around 4 GHz., Comment: 11 pages, 20 figures

A planar reflective phaser based on an open-ended edge-coupled-line structure is proposed. This phaser is the first reported phaser that combines the benefits of high resolution, inherent to cross-coupled resonator reflective phasers, and of compactness, inherent to planar circuits. A 4-ns swing 4.9-5.5 GHz quadratic phase (linear group delay) 4th-order microstrip phaser is synthesized and experimentally demonstrated. Given its advantages, this phaser may find vast applications in Radio Analog Signal Processing (R-ASP) systems., Comment: 2 pages, 4 figures

Generalized coupled-line all-pass phasers, based on transversally-cascaded (TC), longitudinally-cascaded (LC) and hybrid-cascaded (HC) coupled transmission line sections, are presented and demonstrated using analytical, full-wave and experimental results. It is shown that for N commensurate coupled-line sections, LC and TC phasers exhibit N group delay peaks per coupled-line section harmonic frequency band, in contrast to the TC configuration, which exhibits only one peak within this band. It is also shown that for a given maximum achievable coupling-coefficient, the HC configuration provides the largest group delay swing. A wave-interference analysis is finally applied to the various coupled-line phasers, explaining their unique group delay characteristics based on physical wave-propagation mechanisms., Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures