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For exploring novel natural product-derived herbicides, 16 novel α-campholenic aldehyde-based 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-thioether compounds were designed, synthesized, and characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI-MS and elemental analysis. The preliminary bioassay showed that, at 100 µg/mL, most of the target compounds displayed significant inhibition activity against root-growth of rape(Brassica campestris L.), with inhibition rates of 85.0%～98.2%(A-class activity level), much better than that of the positive control flumioxazin. In addition, an effective and reasonable 3D-QSAR model was established by CoMFA method in SYBYL-X 2.1.1 software. It was found that, the steric field was the major factor towards the herbicidal activity of the target compounds against B. campestris L., and the introduction of bulky groups into m- and p-position of the benzene ring was favourable to increase the herbicidal activity. This kind of title compounds deserved further study as potential leading compounds for the discovery and development of novel herbicidal agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND: Nanopesticides have been proved to be a powerful and promising tool to solve the issues in agriculture. The purpose of the present study was to develop ecofriendly nanopesticide systems by the strategy of comprehensive utilization of two natural biomass resources (bagasse and turpentine oil) because of their incomparable advantages. RESULTS: In this research, a series of nanocellulose carriers ETOCN‐1–ETOCN‐4 (ETOCN, esterified TEMPO‐oxidized cellulose nanofibers) with different degrees of substitution were prepared and characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Then, 21 1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐amide compounds 8a–8u containing gem‐dimethylcyclopropane ring were designed, synthesized and characterized. A preliminary bioassay indicated that compound 8i (R = p‐Br Ph) exhibited broad‐spectrum antifungal activity against the tested fungi. Furthermore, drug‐loading complexes 8i/ETOCN‐1–8i/ETOCN‐4 were fabricated by integration of nanocellulose‐based carriers ETOCN‐1–ETOCN‐4 with bioactive compound 8i, and the drug‐loading capacities, microstructures and sustained‐releasing performance of these complexes were also investigated. According to the observation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of complex 8i/ETOCN‐2, the small‐molecule drug and the carrier formed a well‐distributed and compact complex, which led to the excellent drug‐loading capacity and sustained‐releasing performance in the ethanol/water (1:1, v/v) system. CONCLUSIONS: Complexes 8i/ETOCN‐1–8i/ETOCN‐4 deserved further study as the promising candidates for the development of nanopesticides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]