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12. Egg white composition, antioxidant capacity, serum and yolk lipids and oxidative damage of the oviduct magnum in laying hens fed diets contaminated with different concentrations of cadmium.

Author

Zhu, Mingkun, Yan, Ming, Li, Huaiyu, Zou, Xiaoting, and Li, Muwang

Subjects
EGG yolk, EGG whites, BLOOD lipids, HENS, OXIDANT status, OVIDUCT, FALLOPIAN tubes
Abstract

Total of 384 healthy 38-week-old hens were randomly divided into four treatments. Layers in four groups were fed a basal diet and a basal diet with Cd at the level of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg for nine weeks. Results showed that Cd could dose-dependently deposited in magnum and a positive correlation occurred between the accumulation of Cd in magnum and Cd content in egg whites. When compared with control group, 60 mg/kg Cd decreased magnum ovomucin, ovalbumin, lysozyme and ovomucoid gene expressions, but increased avidin gene expression obviously. Hens receiving 60 mg/kg Cd exhibited a significant decrease in egg white ovalbumin content and its proportion in total protein and increase in total cholesterol and LDLC levels in serum and yolk. The level of GSH and activities of T-SOD and CAT in magnum and GSH-Px activity in egg white were decreased significantly, while MDA level in both magnum and egg white was increased obviously in 60 mg/kg Cd group. Besides, Cd induced oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitophagy accompanied by a significant up-regulation of the expressions of Keap1, IL1β, TNFα, NF-κB, p65, p-p65, Grp78, CHOP, ATF4, ATF6, IRE1α, Grp94, PINK1, Parkin, Fundc1, GRP75, VDAC1, MCU, MFF, Bnip3 and LC3I/II and a significant down-regulation of the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, MFN1, MFN2 and PGC1α. These results indicated that Cd can increase serum and yolk cholesterol level and induce magnum oxidative stress, inflammation, ERS and mitophagy through Nrf2/NF-κB and IRE1α/IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1/MCU pathways, thus disrupting egg white composition. Cd exposure disrupted the synthesis of egg white protein in oviduct magnum and destroyed antioxidant status and protein composition in egg white. Cd exposure significant enhanced serum and yolk total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. Cd exposure induced magnum oxidative stress, inflammation, ERS and mitophagy through Nrf2/NF-κB and IRE1α/IP3R/GRP75/VDAC1/MCU pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans on the productive performance, egg quality, serum parameters, and intestinal morphology of laying hens during the late laying period.

Author

Wang, Xiaoming, Jian, Huafeng, Zhao, Wenyan, Li, Jiankui, Zou, Xiaoting, and Dong, Xinyang

Subjects
HENS, EGG quality, EGG yolk, BACILLUS (Bacteria), EGGS, BLOOD proteins, MORPHOLOGY
Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Bacillus coagulans (B. coagulans) on the productive performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, reproductive hormones, immune function, and intestinal morphology of laying hens (86 weeks old) during the late laying period. A total of 960 Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly assigned to five treatment groups, each with 6 replicates of 32 hens. Hens were grouped as follows: basal diet (control group) and a basal diet supplemented with 3.25 × 105, 6.5 × 105, 9.75 × 105, or 1.3 × 106 cfu/g B. coagulans. Dietary supplementation with B. coagulans significantly enhanced egg mass, egg weight, and laying rate and decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in comparison with the control group. No significant difference was observed in the feed intake, breaking rate, albumen height, haugh unit, egg yolk colour, eggshell strength, and eggshell thickness among all groups. The serum total protein (TP) levels of laying hens fed 6.5 × 105 cfu/g B. coagulans were higher than those of laying hens in the control group. Dietary supplementation with 3.25 × 105 cfu/g and 6.5 × 105 cfu/g B. coagulans improved the activity of glutathione peroxide (GSH-Px) compared with that of the control group. The serum IgA concentration of laying hens in the 1.3 × 106 cfu/g B. coagulans treatment group was higher than that of the control. In the ileum, 6.5 × 105 cfu/g B. coagulans supplementation significantly increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD) compared to that of the control group. It can be concluded that B. coagulans, at a supplementation level of 6.5 × 105 cfu/g feed, can be used as an effective feed additive to improve the production performance of laying hens during the late laying period by increasing the serum TP level, serum GSH-Px activity, and ileal VH/CD ratio. Bacillus coagulans improved the productive performance of laying hens during the late laying period. Inclusion of Bacillus coagulans in the diet might benefit laying hens' health by improving blood biochemistry, enhancing antioxidant activity and intestinal morphology, and slightly enhancing immune ability. The optimum concentration of Bacillus coagulans as a supplement to the basal diet to promote production performance and improve host health is 6.5 × 105 cfu/g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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20. Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulanson the productive performance, egg quality, serum parameters, and intestinal morphology of laying hens during the late laying period

Author

Wang, Xiaoming, Jian, Huafeng, Zhao, Wenyan, Li, Jiankui, Zou, Xiaoting, and Dong, Xinyang

Abstract

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Bacillus coagulans(B. coagulans) on the productive performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, reproductive hormones, immune function, and intestinal morphology of laying hens (86 weeks old) during the late laying period. A total of 960 Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly assigned to five treatment groups, each with 6 replicates of 32 hens. Hens were grouped as follows: basal diet (control group) and a basal diet supplemented with 3.25 × 105, 6.5 × 105, 9.75 × 105, or 1.3 × 106cfu/g B. coagulans. Dietary supplementation with B. coagulanssignificantly enhanced egg mass, egg weight, and laying rate and decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in comparison with the control group. No significant difference was observed in the feed intake, breaking rate, albumen height, haugh unit, egg yolk colour, eggshell strength, and eggshell thickness among all groups. The serum total protein (TP) levels of laying hens fed 6.5 × 105cfu/g B. coagulanswere higher than those of laying hens in the control group. Dietary supplementation with 3.25 × 105cfu/g and 6.5 × 105cfu/g B. coagulansimproved the activity of glutathione peroxide (GSH-Px) compared with that of the control group. The serum IgA concentration of laying hens in the 1.3 × 106cfu/g B. coagulanstreatment group was higher than that of the control. In the ileum, 6.5 × 105cfu/g B. coagulanssupplementation significantly increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD) compared to that of the control group. It can be concluded that B. coagulans, at a supplementation level of 6.5 × 105cfu/g feed, can be used as an effective feed additive to improve the production performance of laying hens during the late laying period by increasing the serum TP level, serum GSH-Px activity, and ileal VH/CD ratio.HIGHLIGHTSBacillus coagulansimproved the productive performance of laying hens during the late laying period.Inclusion of Bacillus coagulansin the diet might benefit laying hens’ health by improving blood biochemistry, enhancing antioxidant activity and intestinal morphology, and slightly enhancing immune ability.The optimum concentration of Bacillus coagulansas a supplement to the basal diet to promote production performance and improve host health is 6.5 × 105cfu/g.

Published
2023
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40. De NovoDesign of a Highly Selective Nonpeptide Fluorogenic Probe for Chymotrypsin Activity Sensing in a Living System

Author

Liu, Shi-Yu, Zou, Xiaoting, Gao, Xing, and Zhang, Yue-Yang

Abstract

Chymotrypsin, an extensively known proteolytic enzyme, plays a substantial role in maintaining physiological functions, including protein digestion, immune response, and tissue repair. To date, intense attention has been focused on the invention of efficient and sensitive chemical tools for chymotrypsin activity measurement. Among them, the “nonpeptide”-based chymotrypsin probe design strategy utilizing the esterase activity of chymotrypsin has been well-developed due to its low cost and high atom-economy feature. However, the ester-bond-based nature of these probes make them possibly vulnerable to esterases and active chemicals. These defects strictly restricted the application of the previously reported probes, especially for imaging in living systems. Therefore, to acquire fluorogenic probes with sufficient stability and specificity for chymotrypsin sensing in a complicated biological environment, a more stable skeleton for nonpeptide-based chymotrypsin probe construction is urgently needed. Herein, a novel nonpeptide-based fluorogenic probe for specific chymotrypsin activity sensing was designed and synthesized by the substitution of an ester-based linker with a heptafluorobutylamide moiety. The acquired probe, named TMBIHF, showed high selectivity toward various enzymes and reactive chemicals, while it retained high sensitivity and catalytic efficiency toward chymotrypsin. Moreover, TMBIHFwas successfully applied for monitoring chymotrypsin activity and pancreas development in live zebrafish, specific sensing of exogenous and endogenous chymotrypsin in nude mice, and visualizing chymotrypsin-like activity-dependent cellular apoptosis, thus providing an alternative and reliable way for chymotrypsin-targeted biosensor or prodrug construction.

Published
2022
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