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Kutatásunk célja az óvodapedagógusok általános jóllétének felmérése, valamint a jólléttel összefüggésben álló munkahelyi tényezők feltárása volt. Eredményeink rávilágítanak arra, hogy a kedvezőtlenebb lelkiállapotban lévő óvodapedagógusok kedvezőtlenebb fizikai egészségi állapotban vannak, régebben dolgoznak a pedagóguspályán, nagyobb létszámú csoportban dolgoznak, kevésbé elégedettek a munkahelyük tárgyi feltételeivel, több a munkacsalád összeegyeztetésének nehézségéből adódó konfliktusuk, illetve nagyobb munkahelyi stresszt élnek át, amelyet a jutalmak alacsony foka, a fokozott erőfeszítések és a túlvállalás jellemeznek.

Pompe disease (PD) is a rare lysosomal disease caused by the deficient activity of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) enzyme due to mutations in the GAA gene. The enzymatic deficiency leads to the accumulation of glycogen within the lysosomes. Clinically, the disease has been classically classified in infantile and childhood/adult forms. Presently cc. close to 600 mutations distributed throughout the whole gene have been reported. The c.-32-13T>G splice mutation that is very common in patients of Caucasian origin affected by the childhood/adult form of the disease, with an allelic frequency close to 70%. Enzyme replacement treatment (ERT) is available for the patients with Pompe disease (Myozyme). In this paper, we are presenting the long term follow up of 13 adult onset cases treated more than 5 years. The longest follow up was 15 years. To evaluate the treatment efficacy, the 6 minutes walking test (6MWT) and the respiratory functions were monitored annually. The analysis revealed that at the beginning of ERT for 3-4 years the 6MWT had been generally increasing, then it declined, and after 10 years it was lower in 77% of the cases than it had been at the start of the treatment. In 23% of the cases the 6MWT increased during the follow up time. Only one of the patients become wheelchair dependent during the follow-up period. The respiratory function showed similar results especially in supine position. A high degree of variability was observed among patients in their responses to the treatment, which only partially associated with the antibody titer against the therapeutic protein. The efficacy of the ERT was associated with the type of the disease causing mutation, the baseline status of the disease, the lifestyle and the diet of the patient. The long-term follow up of the patients with innovative orphan drugs is necessary to really understand the value of the treatment and the need of the patients.

Pompe disease is caused by the accumulation of glycogen in the lysosomes due to a deficiency of the lysosomal acid-α-glucosidase (GAA) enzyme. Depending on residual enzyme activity, the disease manifests two distinct phenotypes. In this study, we assess an enzymatic and genetic analysis of Hungarian patients with Pompe disease. Twenty-four patients diagnosed with Pompe disease were included. Enzyme activity of acid-α-glucosidase was measured by mass spectrometry. Sanger sequencing and an MLPA of the GAA gene were performed in all patients. Twenty (83.33%) patients were classified as having late-onset Pompe disease and four (16.66%) had infantile-onset Pompe disease. Fifteen different pathogenic GAA variants were detected. The most common finding was the c.-32-13 T &gt, G splice site alteration. Comparing the α-glucosidase enzyme activity of homozygous cases to the compound heterozygous cases of the c.-32-13 T &gt, G disease-causing variant, the mean GAA activity in homozygous cases was significantly higher. The lowest enzyme activity was found in cases where the c.-32-13 T &gt, G variant was not present. The localization of the identified sequence variations in regions encoding the crucial protein domains of GAA correlates with severe effects on enzyme activity. A better understanding of the impact of pathogenic gene variations may help earlier initiation of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) if subtle symptoms occur. Further information on the effect of GAA gene variation on the efficacy of treatment and the extent of immune response to ERT would be of importance for optimal disease management and designing effective treatment plans.

Pompe disease (PD) is a rare lysosomal disease caused by the deficient activity of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) enzyme due to mutations in the GAA gene. The enzymatic deficiency leads to the accumulation of glycogen within the lysosomes. Clinically, the disease has been classically classified in infantile and childhood/adult forms. Presently cc. close to 600 mutations distributed throughout the whole gene have been reported. The c.-32-13TG splice mutation that is very common in patients of Caucasian origin affected by the childhood/adult form of the disease, with an allelic frequency close to 70%. Enzyme replacement treatment (ERT) is available for the patients with Pompe disease (Myozyme). In this paper, we are presenting the long term follow up of 13 adult onset cases treated more than 5 years. The longest follow up was 15 years. To evaluate the treatment efficacy, the 6 minutes walking test (6MWT) and the respiratory functions were monitored annually. The analysis revealed that at the beginning of ERT for 3-4 years the 6MWT had been generally increasing, then it declined, and after 10 years it was lower in 77% of the cases than it had been at the start of the treatment. In 23% of the cases the 6MWT increased during the follow up time. Only one of the patients become wheelchair dependent during the follow-up period. The respiratory function showed similar results especially in supine position. A high degree of variability was observed among patients in their responses to the treatment, which only partially associated with the antibody titer against the therapeutic protein. The efficacy of the ERT was associated with the type of the disease causing mutation, the baseline status of the disease, the lifestyle and the diet of the patient. The long-term follow up of the patients with innovative orphan drugs is necessary to really understand the value of the treatment and the need of the patients.A Pompe-kór (PD) egy ritka lizoszomális tárolási betegség, amit a GAA gén mutációja következtében kialakuló α-glü­kozidáz (GAA) enzim elégtelen mûködése okoz. Az enzim­deficientia a glikogén lizoszomális felszaporodásához vezet. A betegségnek két klinikai formája ismert, az újszülöttkori, valamint a késôi forma. Jelenleg a betegség hátterében a GAA génnek közel 600 mutációja ismert. A kaukázusi populációban a késôi forma hátterében a c.-32-13TG mutáció a leggyakoribb, az allélfrekvencia közel 70%. A Pompe-kórt enzimpótló terápiával (ERT) tudjuk kezelni, kéthetente Myozyme infúzió adásával. Közleményünkben 13, több mint öt éve kezelt, késôi kezdetû formában szen­vedô beteg hosszú távú követését mutatjuk be. A leg­hosszabb követési idô 15 év volt. A kezelés eredmé­nyességének megítélésére évente mértük a 6 perces járó­távolságot és a légzésfunkciót. Az adatok alapján a 6 per­ces járótávolság az enzimpótló kezelés indítása után körülbelül 3-4 évig javult, ezt követôen az esetek többségében a megtett távolság csökkent. A több mint 10 éves követés után a kezdeti 6 perces járótávolsághoz képest romlást tapasztaltunk az esetek 77%-ában, javulást az esetek 23%-ában. A követés ideje alatt mindössze egyetlen beteg került kerekesszékbe. A légzésfunkció, különösen fekvô helyzetben hasonlóan alakult. A betegek terápiára adott válaszában nagy variabilitást figyeltünk meg, ami csak részben mutatott összefüggést a terápiás fehérje ellen termelôdô antitestszinttel. Az ERT eredményessége jelentôsen függött a betegséget okozó mutáció típusától, a betegség státuszától a kezelés kezdetekor, a beteg fizikai aktivitásától és táplálkozási szokásaitól. Az innovatív orphan gyógyszerekkel kezelt betegek hosszú távú követése kiemelkedôen fontos ahhoz, hogy megismerjük a kezelés valós hasznát és a betegek igényeit.

Absztrakt

Introduction: Generating optimal control algorithms for an artificial pancreas is an intensively researched problem. The available models are all nonlinear and rather complex. Model predictive control or run-to-run-based methodologies have proven to be efficient solutions for individualized treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, the controller has to ensure safety and stability under all circumstances. Robust control methods seek to provide this safety and guarantee to handle even the worst-case situations and, hence, to generalize and complement results obtained by individualized control algorithms. Methods: Modern robust (e.g., Hinf) control is a linear model-based methodology that we have combined with the nonlinear model-based linear parameter varying technique. The control algorithm was designed on the high-complexity modified nonlinear glucose-insulin model of Sorensen, and it was compared step-by-step with linear model-based Hinf control results published in the literature. The applicability of the developed algorithm was tested first on a control cohort of 10 healthy persons' oral glucose tolerance test results and then on a large meal absorption profile adapted from the literature. In the latter case, two preliminary virtual patients were generated based on 1–1 week real continuous glucose monitor measurements. Results: We have found that the algorithm avoids hypoglycemia (not caused by physical activity or stress) independently from the considered absorption profiles. Conclusion: Use of hard constraints proved their efficiency in fitting blood glucose level within a defined interval. However, in the future, more data of different T1DM patients will be collected and tested, including dynamic absorption model and in silico tests on validated simulators.

Generating optimal control algorithms for artificial pancreases is an intensively researched problem. In this paper the feedback control of type 1 diabetic patients using subcutaneous insulin delivery and subcutaneous glucose monitoring is considered on the high-complexity modified nonlinear diabetic patient Sorensen-model. An acceptable compromise between the model's complexity and the developed control algorithm is certainly the choice of the parametrically varying system (LPV) description. A recently developed nonlinear model-based LPV robust controller is used and its efficiency is tested in quasi in silico mode. Min. 1 week's real data of 30 type 1 diabetic patient (aged between 6-52 years) equipped with Medtronic insulin pump were compared with simulation results of the control algorithm using static and dynamic glucose absorption profiles. The developed framework kept blood glucose level more than 90% of the time inside the 4-8 mmol/l interval (without any recalibration of the algorithm) proving its robustness.

Pompe's disease is an autosomal recessive disease caused by deficiency of acid-alpha-glucosidase.Authors analyzed the phenotype of 11 Hungarian patients with Pompe's disease and evaluated clinical parameters and response to enzyme replacement therapy during a long-term follow-up in 8 patients.One patient with atypical infantile form presented with cardiomyopathy and a very slow progression of motor deficits; after 2 years of enzyme replacement therapy no disability was present at the age 6 years. Another patient was asymptomatic at the age of 2.5 years. The adult onset form was characterized by slight to prominent limb-girdle myopathy with an age of onset between 20 and 50 years. In 3 of such cases respiratory insufficiency was also present.Hungarian patients with Pompe's disease presented with a wide phenotypic variability ranging from atypical early childhood form with slowly progressive course to late-onset limb-girdle myopathy with variable courses. Enzyme replacement therapy resulted in significant improvement in motor and respiratory functions in most of the patients.

Obesity is a rapidly spreading endemic in almost every country of the developed world, of which Hungary is no exception. By a joint research project we aim to deepen our understanding of obesity-associated, and especially obesity-predicting changes of clinical markers (anthropometric indices, body composition, laboratory results etc.) in children, especially in teenage population. This paper presents the preliminary results of our investigations which pertain to obesity-related alterations in routine blood test parameters. For that end, we examined 340 healthy and obese children. Results show that there are differences between the routine laboratory parameters of obese and healthy subjects that are both statistically significant and medically interesting. We point out these differences in a statistically precise way, and show a method which can be efficiently used to classify children based on their laboratory parameters. This result can be used later to develop a more realistic model to predict the risk of obesity.

A porc-haj hypoplasia ritka, autoszomális recesszív öröklődésmenetű primer immunhiány-betegség, amelyre a döntően T-sejtes immundeficiencia mellett metaphysealis chondrodysplasia jellemző. A közleményben a szerzők egy esetismertetés kapcsán mutatják be a betegség klinikumát és a jellemző laboratóriumi leleteket, összefoglalják a kórkép molekuláris patomechanizmusával kapcsolatos ismereteket és a kezelés lehetőségeit.

The occurrence of micronuclei proved to be a sensitive biological indicator of clastogenic effects of many chemical and physical agents. The possibility of using the micronucleus technique in radiation protection as an alternative to the traditional chromosomal analysis has recently been followed with increasing interest. This review outlines the main biological and practical aspects of the micronucleus assay and discusses its potential to serve as a rapid and reliable measure of radiation overexposures and hypersensitivities.