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1. Bound-State Beta Decay of $\mathbf{\mathrm{^{205}{Tl}^{81+}}}$ Ions and the LOREX Project

Author: Sidhu, R. S., Leckenby, G., Chen, R. J., Mancino, R., Litvinov, Yu. A., Martínez-Pinedo, G., Amthauer, G., Bai, M., Blaum, K., Boev, B., Bosch, F., Brandau, C., Cvetković, V., Dickel, T., Dillmann, I., Dmytriiev, D., Faestermann, T., Forstner, O., Franczak, B., Geissel, H., Gernhäuser, R., Glorius, J., Griffin, C., Gumberidze, A., Haettner, E., Hillenbrand, P. -M., Kienle, P., Korten, W., Kozhuharov, Ch., Kuzminchuk, N., Langanke, K., Litvinov, S., Menz, E., Morgenroth, T., Neff, T., Nociforo, C., Nolden, F., Pavícević, M. K., Petridis, N., Popp, U., Purushothaman, S., Reifarth, R., Sanjari, M. S., Scheidenberger, C., Spillmann, U., Steck, M., Stöhlker, Th., Tanaka, Y. K., Trassinelli, M., Trotsenko, S., Varga, L., Wang, M., Weick, H., Woods, P. J., Yamaguchi, T., Zhang, Y. H., Zhao, J., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Stable $^{205}$Tl ions have the lowest known energy threshold for capturing electron neutrinos ($\nu_e$) of ${ E}_{\nu_e}\ge50.6$\,keV. The Lorandite Experiment (LOREX), proposed in the 1980s, aims at obtaining the longtime averaged solar neutrino flux by utilizing natural deposits of Tl-bearing lorandite ores. To determine the $\nu_e$ capture cross section, it is required to know the strength of the weak transition connecting the ground state of $^{205}$Tl and the 2.3 keV first excited state in $^{205}$Pb. The only way to experimentally address this transition is to measure the bound-state beta decay ($\beta_{b}$) of fully ionized $\mathrm{^{205}Tl^{81+}}$ ions. After three decades of meticulous preparation, the half-life of the $\beta_{b}$ decay of $\mathrm{^{205}Tl^{81+}}$ has been measured to be $291_{-27}^{+33}$ days using the Experimental Storage Ring (ESR) at GSI, Darmstadt. The longer measured half-life compared to theoretical estimates reduces the expected signal-to-noise ratio in the LOREX, thus challenging its feasibility.
Published: 2025
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2. Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Sensitivity of the XLZD Rare Event Observatory

Author: XLZD Collaboration, Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balzer, M., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E., Basharina-Freshville, A., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Beaupere, N., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Bolotnikov, A., Brás, P., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brew, C. A. J., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Burdin, S., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Carini, G., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, K., Colijn, A. P., Colling, D. J., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Costanzo, D., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Cuenca-García, J. J., Curran, D., Cussans, D., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Davies, G. J., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., Di Donato, C., Di Felice, L., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunbar, C. L., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fieldhouse, N., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Gallice, N., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Gibbons, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., Grandi, L., Green, J., Grigat, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Homenides, G. J., Hood, N. F., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hughes, S., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Jones, S., Kaboth, A. C., Kahlert, F., Kamaha, A. C., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kemp-Russell, P., Khaitan, D., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kim, J., Kirk, R., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., von Krosigk, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kurita, N., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lawes, C., Lee, J., Lehnert, B., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Li, A., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, J., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Linden, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Loutit, M., Lu, C., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marignetti, F., Marley, T., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Maupin, C., McCabe, C., McCarthy, M. E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J. B., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Miller, E. H., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Mizrachi, E., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Müller, J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Nguyen, A., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orpwood, J., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Oyulmaz, K., Paetsch, B., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pannifer, N. J., Paramesvaran, S., Patton, S. J., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Radeka, S., Radeka, V., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Roy, A., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Saakyan, R., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scaffidi, A., Schnee, R. W., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulze, H., Eißing, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shaw, S., Shen, W., Sherman, L., Shi, S., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Simgen, H., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Siniscalco, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Song, Z., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stenhouse, T., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Sumner, T. J., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tiedt, D. R., Tönnies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Usón, A., Utoyama, M., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., de Viveiros, L., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Waters, D., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wilson, M., Wilson, S. T., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Worcester, M., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., üstling, S. W, Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Yu, B., Zavattini, G., Zha, W., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The XLZD collaboration is developing a two-phase xenon time projection chamber with an active mass of 60 to 80 t capable of probing the remaining WIMP-nucleon interaction parameter space down to the so-called neutrino fog. In this work we show that, based on the performance of currently operating detectors using the same technology and a realistic reduction of radioactivity in detector materials, such an experiment will also be able to competitively search for neutrinoless double beta decay in $^{136}$Xe using a natural-abundance xenon target. XLZD can reach a 3$\sigma$ discovery potential half-life of 5.7$\times$10$^{27}$ yr (and a 90% CL exclusion of 1.3$\times$10$^{28}$ yr) with 10 years of data taking, corresponding to a Majorana mass range of 7.3-31.3 meV (4.8-20.5 meV). XLZD will thus exclude the inverted neutrino mass ordering parameter space and will start to probe the normal ordering region for most of the nuclear matrix elements commonly considered by the community., Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

3. The XLZD Design Book: Towards the Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics

Author: XLZD Collaboration, Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balzer, M., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E., Basharina-Freshville, A., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Beaupere, N., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Bolotnikov, A., Brás, P., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brew, C. A. J., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Burdin, S., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Carini, G., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, K., Colijn, A. P., Colling, D. J., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Costanzo, D., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Cuenca-García, J. J., Curran, D., Cussans, D., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Davies, G. J., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., Di Donato, C., Di Felice, L., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunbar, C. L., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fieldhouse, N., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Gallice, N., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Gibbons, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., Grandi, L., Green, J., Grigat, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Homenides, G. J., Hood, N. F., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hughes, S., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Jones, S., Kaboth, A. C., Kahlert, F., Kamaha, A. C., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kemp-Russell, P., Khaitan, D., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kim, J., Kirk, R., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., von Krosigk, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kurita, N., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lawes, C., Lee, J., Lehnert, B., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Li, A., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, J., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Linden, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Loutit, M., Lu, C., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marignetti, F., Marley, T., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Maupin, C., McCabe, C., McCarthy, M. E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J. B., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Miller, E. H., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Mizrachi, E., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Müller, J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Nguyen, A., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orpwood, J., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Oyulmaz, K., Paetsch, B., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pannifer, N. J., Paramesvaran, S., Patton, S. J., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Radeka, S., Radeka, V., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Roy, A., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Saakyan, R., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scaffidi, A., Schnee, R. W., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulze, H., Eißing, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shaw, S., Shen, W., Sherman, L., Shi, S., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Simgen, H., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Siniscalco, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Song, Z., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stenhouse, T., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Sumner, T. J., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tiedt, D. R., Tönnies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Usón, A., Utoyama, M., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., de Viveiros, L., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Waters, D., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wilson, M., Wilson, S. T., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Worcester, M., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., üstling, S. W, Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Yu, B., Zavattini, G., Zha, W., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This report describes the experimental strategy and technologies for a next-generation xenon observatory sensitive to dark matter and neutrino physics. The detector will have an active liquid xenon target mass of 60-80 tonnes and is proposed by the XENON-LUX-ZEPLIN-DARWIN (XLZD) collaboration. The design is based on the mature liquid xenon time projection chamber technology of the current-generation experiments, LZ and XENONnT. A baseline design and opportunities for further optimization of the individual detector components are discussed. The experiment envisaged here has the capability to explore parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter down to the neutrino fog, with a 3$\sigma$ evidence potential for the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections as low as $3\times10^{-49}\rm cm^2$ (at 40 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass). The observatory is also projected to have a 3$\sigma$ observation potential of neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe at a half-life of up to $5.7\times 10^{27}$ years. Additionally, it is sensitive to astrophysical neutrinos from the atmosphere, sun, and galactic supernovae., Comment: 32 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2024

4. Model-independent searches of new physics in DARWIN with a semi-supervised deep learning pipeline

Author: Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Balzer, M., Barberio, E., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Chauvin, A., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Giacomobono, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Kahlert, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., von Krosigk, B., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, A., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Müller, J., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qin, J., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Sartorelli, G., Scaffidi, A., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Simgen, H., Singh, R., Solmaz, M., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stevens, A., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tönnies, F., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Utoyama, M., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, W., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wilson, M., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wu, V. H. S., Wüstling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present a novel deep learning pipeline to perform a model-independent, likelihood-free search for anomalous (i.e., non-background) events in the proposed next generation multi-ton scale liquid Xenon-based direct detection experiment, DARWIN. We train an anomaly detector comprising a variational autoencoder and a classifier on extensive, high-dimensional simulated detector response data and construct a one-dimensional anomaly score optimised to reject the background only hypothesis in the presence of an excess of non-background-like events. We benchmark the procedure with a sensitivity study that determines its power to reject the background-only hypothesis in the presence of an injected WIMP dark matter signal, outperforming the classical, likelihood-based background rejection test. We show that our neural networks learn relevant energy features of the events from low-level, high-dimensional detector outputs, without the need to compress this data into lower-dimensional observables, thus reducing computational effort and information loss. For the future, our approach lays the foundation for an efficient end-to-end pipeline that eliminates the need for many of the corrections and cuts that are traditionally part of the analysis chain, with the potential of achieving higher accuracy and significant reduction of analysis time., Comment: 10 Figures, 3 Tables, 23 Pages (incl. references)
Published: 2024

5. 40Ar proposed as probe of neutron-induced reactions in a high-density stellar-like plasma at the National Ignition Facility

Author: Paul M., Sahoo R. N., Tessler M., Jeet J., Velsko C., Zylstra A., Avila M., Dickerson C., Fougères C., Jayatissa H., Pardo R. C., Rehm K. E., Scott R., Tolstukhin I., Vondrasek R., Bailey T., Callahan L., Clark A. M., Collon P., Kashiv Y., Nelson A., Köster U., Hoffmann H. F. R., Pichotta M., Zuber K., Döring T., and Schwengner R.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The thermodynamical conditions and the neutron density produced in a laser-induced implosion of a deuterium-tritium (DT) filled capsule at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) are the closest laboratory analog of stellar conditions. We plan to investigate neutron-induced reactions on 40Ar, namely the 40Ar(n, 2n)39Ar(t1/2 =268 y), the 40Ar(n, γ)41Ar(110 min) and the potential rapid two-neutron capture reaction 40Ar(2n, γ)42Ar(33 y) in an Ar-loaded DT capsule. The chemical inertness of noble gas Ar enables reliable collection of the reaction products.
Published: 2023
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6. Recent results from Borexino on solar neutrinos

Author: Basilico D., Appel S., Bagdasarian Z., Bellini G., Benziger J., Biondi R., Caccianiga B., Calaprice F., Caminata A., Chepurnov A., D’Angelo D., Derbin A., Di Giacinto A., Di Marcello V., Ding X.F., Di Ludovico A., Di Noto L., Drachnev I., Franco D., Galbiati C., Ghiano C., Giammarchi M., Goretti A., Göttel A.S., Gromov L., Guffanti D., Ianni Aldo, Ianni Andrea, Jany A., Kobychev V., Korga G., Kumaran S., Laubenstein M., Litvinovich E., Lombardi P., Lomskaya I., Ludhova L., Lukyanchenko G., Machulin I., Martyn J., Meroni E., Miramonti L., Misiaszek M., Muratova V., Nugmanov R., Oberauer L., Orekhov V., Ortica F., Pallavicini M., Pelicci L., Penek Ö., Pietrofaccia L., Pilipenko N., Pocar A., Raikov G., Ranalli M.T., Ranucci G., Razeto A., Re A., Redchuk M., Rossi N., Schönert S., Semenov D., Settanta G., Skorokhvatov M., Singhal A., Smirnov O., Sotnikov A., Tartaglia R., Testera G., Unzhakov E., Villante F., Vishneva A., Vogelaar R.B., von Feilitzsch F., Wojcik M., Wurm M., Zavatarelli S., Zuber K., and Zuzel G.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Borexino has been a neutrino detector based on ultrapure liquid scintillator, located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. Its main scientific goal was the real-time measurement of solar neutrino fluxes, which play an irreplaceable role for the comprehension of the mechanisms powering our star. Over the past two years, the Borexino collaboration has pursued the improvement of the CNO flux measurement, obtaining further indications about the solar metallicity. In a parallel way, Borexino has demonstrated for the first time the possibility of exploiting the directional Cherenkov information, in a liquid scintillator detector, for the detection of sub-MeV solar neutrinos.
Published: 2023
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7. Measurement of the $^8$B Solar Neutrino Flux Using the Full SNO+ Water Phase Dataset

Author: Collaboration, SNO, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Asner, D. M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Barão, F., Barros, N., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Chen, M., Cheng, S., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deloye, J., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Dima, C., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Esmaeilian, M. S., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Gaur, A., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hewitt, C., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Huang, P., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaluzienski, S., Kaptanoglu, T., Kladnik, J., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lake, C., Lebanowski, L., Lefebvre, C., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Milton, G., Morris, D., Mubasher, M., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Paleshi, K., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Quenallata, B., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Semenec, I., Simms, J., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Virtue, C. J., Ward, M., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Wright, A., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Ye, Z., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The SNO+ detector operated initially as a water Cherenkov detector. The implementation of a sealed covergas system midway through water data taking resulted in a significant reduction in the activity of $^{222}$Rn daughters in the detector and allowed the lowest background to the solar electron scattering signal above 5 MeV achieved to date. This paper reports an updated SNO+ water phase $^8$B solar neutrino analysis with a total livetime of 282.4 days and an analysis threshold of 3.5 MeV. The $^8$B solar neutrino flux is found to be $\left(2.32^{+0.18}_{-0.17}\text{(stat.)}^{+0.07}_{-0.05}\text{(syst.)}\right)\times10^{6}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ assuming no neutrino oscillations, or $\left(5.36^{+0.41}_{-0.39}\text{(stat.)}^{+0.17}_{-0.16}\text{(syst.)} \right)\times10^{6}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ assuming standard neutrino oscillation parameters, in good agreement with both previous measurements and Standard Solar Model Calculations. The electron recoil spectrum is presented above 3.5 MeV., Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures, v2: minor updates to match PRD publication
Published: 2024
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8. Initial measurement of reactor antineutrino oscillation at SNO+

Author: Collaboration, SNO, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Asner, D. M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Baker, J., Barão, F., Barros, N., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Chen, M., Cheng, S., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deloye, J., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Dima, C., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Esmaeilian, M. S., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Gaur, A., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hewitt, C., Howard, V., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Huang, P., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaluzienski, S., Kaptanoglu, T., Khan, H., Kladnik, J., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lake, C., Lebanowski, L., Lefebvre, C., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mills, C., Milton, G., Colina, A. Molina, Morris, D., Morton-Blake, I., Mubasher, M., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Paleshi, K., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Quenallata, B., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Semenec, I., Simms, J., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Smith, J., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Wright, A., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Ye, Z., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The SNO+ collaboration reports its first spectral analysis of long-baseline reactor antineutrino oscillation using 114 tonne-years of data. Fitting the neutrino oscillation probability to the observed energy spectrum yields constraints on the neutrino mass-squared difference $\Delta m^2_{21}$. In the ranges allowed by previous measurements, the best-fit $\Delta m^2_{21}$ is (8.85$^{+1.10}_{-1.33}$) $\times$ 10$^{-5}$ eV$^2$. This measurement is continuing in the next phases of SNO+ and is expected to surpass the present global precision on $\Delta m^2_{21}$ with about three years of data.
Published: 2024
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9. Searches for new physics below twice the electron mass with GERDA

Author: GERDA Collaboration, Agostini, M., Alexander, A., Araujo, G. R., Bakalyarov, A. M., Balata, M., Barabanov, I., Baudis, L., Bauer, C., Belogurov, S., Bettini, A., Bezrukov, L., Biancacci, V., Bossio, E., Bothe, V., Brugnera, R., Caldwell, A., Calgaro, S., Cattadori, C., Chernogorov, A., Chiu, P. -J., Comellato, T., D'Andrea, V., Demidova, E. V., Di Marco, N., Doroshkevich, E., Fomina, M., Gangapshev, A., Garfagnini, A., Gooch, C., Grabmayr, P., Gurentsov, V., Gusev, K., Hakenmüller, J., Hemmer, S., Hofmann, W., Huang, J., Hult, M., Inzhechik, L. V., Csáthy, J. Janicskó, Jochum, J., Junker, M., Kazalov, V., Kermaïdic, Y., Khushbakht, H., Kihm, T., Kilgus, K., Kirpichnikov, I. V., Klimenko, A., Knöpfle, K. T., Kochetov, O., Kornoukhov, V. N., Krause, P., Kuzminov, V. V., Laubenstein, M., Lindner, M., Lippi, I., Lubashevskiy, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lutter, G., Macolino, C., Majorovits, B., Maneschg, W., Marshall, G., Misiaszek, M., Morella, M., Müller, Y., Nemchenok, I., Neuberger, M., Pandola, L., Pelczar, K., Pertoldi, L., Piseri, P., Pullia, A., Ransom, C., Rauscher, L., Redchuk, M., Riboldi, S., Rumyantseva, N., Sada, C., Sailer, S., Salamida, F., Schönert, S., Schreiner, J., Schütz, A-K., Schulz, O., Schwarz, M., Schwingenheuer, B., Selivanenko, O., Shevchik, E., Shirchenko, M., Shtembari, L., Simgen, H., Smolnikov, A., Stukov, D., Sullivan, S., Vasenko, A. A., Veresnikova, A., Vignoli, C., von Sturm, K., Wester, T., Wiesinger, C., Wojcik, M., Yanovich, E., Zatschler, B., Zhitnikov, I., Zhukov, S. V., Zinatulina, D., Zschocke, A., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A search for full energy depositions from bosonic keV-scale dark matter candidates of masses between 65 keV and 1021 keV has been performed with data collected during Phase II of the GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment. Our analysis includes direct dark matter absorption as well as dark Compton scattering. With a total exposure of 105.5 kg yr, no evidence for a signal above the background has been observed. The resulting exclusion limits deduced with either Bayesian or Frequentist statistics are the most stringent direct constraints in the major part of the 140-1021 keV mass range. As an example, at a mass of 150 keV the dimensionless coupling of dark photons and axion-like particles to electrons has been constrained to $\alpha$'/$\alpha$ < 8.7x10$^{-24}$ and g$_{ae}$ < 3.3x10$^{-12}$ at 90% credible interval (CI), respectively. Additionally, a search for peak-like signals from beyond the Standard Model decays of nucleons and electrons is performed. We find for the inclusive decay of a single neutron in $^{76}$Ge a lower lifetime limit of $\tau_n$ > 1.5x10$^{24}$ yr and for a proton $\tau_p$ > 1.3x10$^{24}$ yr at 90% CI. For the electron decay e$^-\rightarrow\nu_e\gamma$ a lower limit of $\tau_e$ > 5.4x10$^{25}$ yr at 90% CI has been determined., Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures, 7 tables
Published: 2024

10. Solar fusion III: New data and theory for hydrogen-burning stars

Author: Acharya, B., Aliotta, M., Balantekin, A. B., Bemmerer, D., Bertulani, C. A., Best, A., Brune, C. R., Buompane, R., Cavanna, F., Chen, J. W., Colgan, J., Czarnecki, A., Davids, B., deBoer, R. J., Delahaye, F., Depalo, R., García, A., Johnson, M. Gatu, Gazit, D., Gialanella, L., Greife, U., Guffanti, D., Guglielmetti, A., Hambleton, K., Haxton, W. C., Herrera, Y., Huang, M., Iliadis, C., Kravvaris, K., La Cognata, M., Langanke, K., Marcucci, L. E., Nagayama, T., Nollett, K. M., Odell, D., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Piatti, D., Pinsonneault, M., Platter, L., Robertson, R. G. H., Rupak, G., Serenelli, A., Sferrazza, M., Szücs, T., Tang, X., Tumino, A., Villante, F. L., Walker-Loud, A., Zhang, X., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: In stars that lie on the main sequence in the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram, like our sun, hydrogen is fused to helium in a number of nuclear reaction chains and series, such as the proton-proton chain and the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycles. Precisely determined thermonuclear rates of these reactions lie at the foundation of the standard solar model. This review, the third decadal evaluation of the nuclear physics of hydrogen-burning stars, is motivated by the great advances made in recent years by solar neutrino observatories, putting experimental knowledge of the proton-proton chain neutrino fluxes in the few-percent precision range. The basis of the review is a one-week community meeting held in July 2022 in Berkeley, California, and many subsequent digital meetings and exchanges. The relevant reactions of solar and stellar hydrogen burning are reviewed here, from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. Recommendations for the state of the art of the astrophysical S-factor and its uncertainty are formulated for each of them. Several other topics of paramount importance for the solar model are reviewed, as well: recent and future neutrino experiments, electron screening, radiative opacities, and current and upcoming experimental facilities. In addition to reaction-specific recommendations, also general recommendations are formed., Comment: 101 pages, 25 figures, including supplementary material. Revised version submitted to Reviews of Modern Physics
Published: 2024

11. An improved limit on the neutrinoless double-electron capture of $^{36}$Ar with GERDA

Author: GERDA Collaboration, Agostini, M., Alexander, A., Araujo, G. R., Bakalyarov, A. M., Balata, M., Barabanov, I., Baudis, L., Bauer, C., Belogurov, S., Bettini, A., Bezrukov, L., Biancacci, V., Bossio, E., Bothe, V., Brudanin, V., Brugnera, R., Caldwell, A., Cattadori, C., Chernogorov, A., Comellato, T., D'Andrea, V., Demidova, E. V., Di Marco, N., Doroshkevich, E., Fischer, F., Fomina, M., Gangapshev, A., Garfagnini, A., Gooch, C., Grabmayr, P., Gurentsov, V., Gusev, K., Hakenmüller, J., Hemmer, S., Hofmann, W., Huang, J., Hult, M., Inzhechik, L. V., Csáthy, J. Janicskó, Jochum, J., Junker, M., Kazalov, V., Kermaïdic, Y., Khushbakht, H., Kihm, T., Kilgus, K., Kirpichnikov, I. V., Klimenko, A., Kneißl, R., Knöpfle, K. T., Kochetov, O., Kornoukhov, V. N., Korošec, M., Krause, P., Kuzminov, V. V., Laubenstein, M., Lindner, M., Lippi, I., Lubashevskiy, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lutter, G., Macolino, C., Majorovits, B., Maneschg, W., Manzanillas, L., Marshall, G., Misiaszek, M., Morella, M., Müller, Y., Nemchenok, I., Pandola, L., Pelczar, K., Pertoldi, L., Piseri, P., Pullia, A., Ransom, C., Rauscher, L., Redchuk, M., Riboldi, S., Rumyantseva, N., Sada, C., Salamida, F., Schönert, S., Schreiner, J., Schütt, M., Schütz, A-K., Schulz, O., Schwarz, M., Schwingenheuer, B., Selivanenko, O., Shevchik, E., Shirchenko, M., Shtembari, L., Simgen, H., Smolnikov, A., Stukov, D., Vasenko, A. A., Veresnikova, A., Vignoli, C., von Sturm, K., Wester, T., Wiesinger, C., Wojcik, M., Yanovich, E., Zatschler, B., Zhitnikov, I., Zhukov, S. V., Zinatulina, D., Zschocke, A., Zsigmond, A. J., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment operated enriched high-purity germanium detectors in a liquid argon cryostat, which contains 0.33% of $^{36}$Ar, a candidate isotope for the two-neutrino double-electron capture (2$\nu$ECEC) and therefore for the neutrinoless double-electron capture (0$\nu$ECEC). If detected, this process would give evidence of lepton number violation and the Majorana nature of neutrinos. In the radiative 0$\nu$ECEC of $^{36}$Ar, a monochromatic photon is emitted with an energy of 429.88 keV, which may be detected by the GERDA germanium detectors. We searched for the $^{36}$Ar 0$\nu$ECEC with GERDA data, with a total live time of 4.34 yr (3.08 yr accumulated during GERDA Phase II and 1.26 yr during GERDA Phase I). No signal was found and a 90% C.L. lower limit on the half-life of this process was established T$_{1/2}$ > 1.5x10$^{22}$ yr, Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Published: 2023

12. Novel techniques for alpha/beta pulse shape discrimination in Borexino

Author: Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Derbin, A., Di Giacintov, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Pelicci, L., Penek, O., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Rossi, N., Schoenert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Borexino could efficiently distinguish between alpha and beta radiation in its liquid scintillator by the characteristic time profile of their scintillation pulse. This alpha/beta discrimination, first demonstrated at the tonne scale in the Counting Test Facility prototype, was used throughout the lifetime of the experiment between 2007 and 2021. With this method, alpha events are identified and subtracted from the beta-like solar neutrino events. This is particularly important in liquid scintillator as alpha scintillation is quenched many-fold. In Borexino, the prominent Po-210 decay peak was a background in the energy range of electrons scattered from Be-7 solar neutrinos. Optimal alpha-beta discrimination was achieved with a "multi-layer perceptron neural network", which its higher ability to leverage the timing information of the scintillation photons detected by the photomultiplier tubes. An event-by-event, high efficiency, stable, and uniform pulse shape discrimination was essential in characterising the spatial distribution of background in the detector. This benefited most Borexino measurements, including solar neutrinos in the \pp chain and the first direct observation of the CNO cycle in the Sun. This paper presents the key milestones in alpha/beta discrimination in Borexino as a term of comparison for current and future large liquid scintillator detectors, Comment: 13 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2023
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13. Event-by-Event Direction Reconstruction of Solar Neutrinos in a High Light-Yield Liquid Scintillator

Author: Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Antunes, J., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Baker, J., Barros, N., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Chen, M., Cheng, S., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deloye, J., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Gaur, A., Ganzálaz-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hewitt, C., Hreljac, B., Howard, V., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaluzienski, S., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lake, C., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lefebvra, C., Lin, Y. H., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mills, C., Milton, G., Morton-Blake, I., Mubasher, M., Colina, A. Molina, Morris, D., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Paleshi, K., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Skensvard, P., Smiley, M., Smith, J., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Valder, S., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Virtue, C. J., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Ye, Z., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The direction of individual $^8$B solar neutrinos has been reconstructed using the SNO+ liquid scintillator detector. Prompt, directional Cherenkov light was separated from the slower, isotropic scintillation light using time information, and a maximum likelihood method was used to reconstruct the direction of individual scattered electrons. A clear directional signal was observed, correlated with the solar angle. The observation was aided by a period of low primary fluor concentration that resulted in a slower scintillator decay time. This is the first time that event-by-event direction reconstruction in high light-yield liquid scintillator has been demonstrated in a large-scale detector., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures. Accepted manuscript by PRD
Published: 2023
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14. Final Results of GERDA on the Two-Neutrino Double-$\beta$ Decay Half-Life of $^{76}$Ge

Author: GERDA collaboration, Agostini, M., Alexander, A., Araujo, G. R., Bakalyarov, A. M., Balata, M., Barabanov, I., Baudis, L., Bauer, C., Belogurov, S., Bettini, A., Bezrukov, L., Biancacci, V., Bossio, E., Bothe, V., Brugnera, R., Caldwell, A., Calgaro, S., Cattadori, C., Chernogorov, A., Chiu, P. -J., Comellato, T., D'Andrea, V., Demidova, E. V., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marco, N., Doroshkevich, E., Fischer, F., Fomina, M., Gangapshev, A., Garfagnini, A., Gooch, C., Grabmayr, P., Gurentsov, V., Gusev, K., Hackenmüller, S., Hemmer, S., Hofmann, W., Huang, J., Hult, M., Inzhechik, L. V., Csáthy, J. Janicskó, Jochum, J., Junker, M., Kazalov, V., Kermaïdic, Y., Khushbakht, H., Kihm, T., Kilgus, K., Kirpichnikov, I. V., Klimenko, A., Knöpfle, K. T., Kochetov, O., Kornoukhov, V. N., Krause, P., Kuzminov, V. V., Laubenstein, M., Lehnert, B., Lindner, M., Lippi, I., Lubashevskiy, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lutter, G., Macolino, C., Majorovits, B., Maneschg, W., Manzanillas, L., Marshall, G., Miloradovic, M., Mingazheva, R., Misiaszek, M., Morella, M., Müller, Y., Nemchenok, I., Neuberger, M., Pandola, L., Pelczar, K., Pertoldi, L., Piseri, P., Pullia, A., Ransom, C., Rauscher, L., Redchuk, M., Riboldi, S., Rumyantseva, N., Sada, C., Sailer, S., Salamida, F., Schönert, S., Schreiner, J., Schütt, M., Schütz, A. -K., Schulz, O., Schwarz, M., Schwingenheuer, B., Selivanenko, O., Shevchik, E., Shirchenko, M., Shtembari, L., Simgen, H., Smolnikov, A., Stukov, D., Sullivan, S., Vasenko, A. A., Veresnikova, A., Vignoli, C., von Sturm, K., Wester, T., Wiesinger, C., Wojcik, M., Yanovich, E., Zatschler, B., Zhitnikov, I., Zhukov, S. V., Zinatulina, D., Zschocke, A., Zsigmond, A. J., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We present the measurement of the two-neutrino double-$\beta$ decay rate of $^{76}$Ge performed with the GERDA Phase II experiment. With a subset of the entire GERDA exposure, 11.8 kg$\cdot$yr, the half-life of the process has been determined: $T^{2\nu}_{1/2} = (2.022 \pm 0.018_{stat} \pm 0.038_{sys})\times10^{21}$ yr. This is the most precise determination of the $^{76}$Ge two-neutrino double-$\beta$ decay half-life and one of the most precise measurements of a double-$\beta$ decay process. The relevant nuclear matrix element can be extracted: $M^{2\nu}_{\text{eff}} = (0.101\pm0.001).$, Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2023
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15. Search for tri-nucleon decays of $^{76}$Ge in GERDA

Author: GERDA collaboration, Agostini, M., Alexander, A., Araujo, G., Bakalyarov, A. M., Balata, M., Barabanov, I., Baudis, L., Bauer, C., Belogurov, S., Bettini, A., Bezrukov, L., Biancacci, V., Bossio, E., Bothe, V., Brugnera, R., Caldwell, A., Calgaro, S., Cattadori, C., Chernogorov, A., Chiu, P. -J., Comellato, T., D'Andrea, V., Demidova, E. V., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marco, N., Doroshkevich, E., Fischer, F., Fomina, M., Gangapshev, A., Garfagnini, A., Gooch, C., Grabmayr, P., Gurentsov, V., Gusev, K., Hakenmüller, J., Hemmer, S., Hofmann, W., Hult, M., Inzhechik, L. V., Csáthy, J. Janicskó, Jochum, J., Junker, M., Kazalov, V., Kermaïdic, Y., Khushbakht, H., Kihm, T., Kilgus, K., Kirpichnikov, I. V., Klimenko, A., Knöpfle, K. T., Kochetov, O., Kornoukhov, V. N., Krause, P., Kuzminov, V. V., Laubenstein, M., Lindner, M., Lippi, I., Lubashevskiy, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lutter, G., Macolino, C., Majorovits, B., Maneschg, W., Manzanillas, L., Marshall, G., Misiaszek, M., Morella, M., Müller, Y., Nemchenok, I., Neuberger, M., Pandola, L., Pelczar, K., Pertoldi, L., Piseri, P., Pullia, A., Rauscher, L., Redchuk, M., Riboldi, S., Rumyantseva, N., Sada, C., Sailer, S., Salamida, F., Schönert, S., Schreiner, J., Schütt, M., Schütz, A-K., Schulz, O., Schwarz, M., Schwingenheuer, B., Selivanenko, O., Shevchik, E., Shirchenko, M., Shtembari, L., Simgen, H., Smolnikov, A., Stukov, D., Sullivan, S., Vasenko, A. A., Veresnikova, A., Vignoli, C., von Sturm, K., Wester, T., Wiesinger, C., Wojcik, M., Yanovich, E., Zatschler, B., Zhitnikov, I., Zhukov, S. V., Zinatulina, D., Zschocke, A., Zsigmond, A. J., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We search for tri-nucleon decays of $^{76}$Ge in the dataset from the GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment. Decays that populate excited levels of the daughter nucleus above the threshold for particle emission lead to disintegration and are not considered. The ppp-, ppn-, and pnn-decays lead to $^{73}$Cu, $^{73}$Zn, and $^{73}$Ga nuclei, respectively. These nuclei are unstable and eventually proceed by the beta decay of $^{73}$Ga to $^{73}$Ge (stable). We search for the $^{73}$Ga decay exploiting the fact that it dominantly populates the 66.7 keV $^{73m}$Ga state with half-life of 0.5 s. The nnn-decays of $^{76}$Ge that proceed via $^{73m}$Ge are also included in our analysis. We find no signal candidate and place a limit on the sum of the decay widths of the inclusive tri-nucleon decays that corresponds to a lower lifetime limit of 1.2x10$^{26}$ yr (90% credible interval). This result improves previous limits for tri-nucleon decays by one to three orders of magnitude., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables
Published: 2023
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16. Final results of Borexino on CNO solar neutrinos

Author: Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Pelicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Unzhakov, E., Villante, F. L., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report the first measurement of CNO solar neutrinos by Borexino that uses the Correlated Integrated Directionality (CID) method, exploiting the sub-dominant Cherenkov light in the liquid scintillator detector. The directional information of the solar origin of the neutrinos is preserved by the fast Cherenkov photons from the neutrino scattered electrons, and is used to discriminate between signal and background. The directional information is independent from the spectral information on which the previous CNO solar neutrino measurements by Borexino were based. While the CNO spectral analysis could only be applied on the Phase-III dataset, the directional analysis can use the complete Borexino data taking period from 2007 to 2021. The absence of CNO neutrinos has been rejected with >5{\sigma} credible level using the Bayesian statistics. The directional CNO measurement is obtained without an external constraint on the $^{210}$Bi contamination of the liquid scintillator, which was applied in the spectral analysis approach. The final and the most precise CNO measurement of Borexino is then obtained by combining the new CID-based CNO result with an improved spectral fit of the Phase-III dataset. Including the statistical and the systematic errors, the extracted CNO interaction rate is $R(\mathrm{CNO})=6.7^{+1.2}_{-0.8} \, \mathrm{cpd/100 \, tonnes}$. Taking into account the neutrino flavor conversion, the resulting CNO neutrino flux at Earth is $\Phi_\mathrm{CNO}=6.7 ^{+1.2}_{-0.8} \times 10^8 \, \mathrm{cm^{-2} s^{-1}}$, in agreement with the high metallicity Standard Solar Models. The results described in this work reinforce the role of the event directional information in large-scale liquid scintillator detectors and open up new avenues for the next-generation liquid scintillator or hybrid neutrino experiments.
Published: 2023
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17. Cosmogenic background simulations for the DARWIN observatory at different underground locations

Author: Adrover, M., Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J. R., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Barberio, E., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bell, N., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Breskin, A., Brookes, E. J., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chauvin, A., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Farrell, S., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Garroum, N., Ghosh, S., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hasegawa, T., Hils, C., Higuera, A., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Jörg, F., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Kobayashi, M., Kopec, A., von Krosigk, B., Kuger, F., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lombardi, F., Loizeau, J., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Lopes, J. A. M., Marignetti, F., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Mastroianni, S., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Müller, J., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Oberlack, U. G., Ostrovskiy, I., Paetsch, B., Pandurovic, M., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Piotter, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., Silva, M. Rajado, García, D. Ramírez, Razeto, A., Sakamoto, S., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Scaffidi, A., Schulte, P., Schultz-Coulon, H. -C., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Singh, R., Solmaz, M., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Tan, P. L., Terliuk, A., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tönnies, F., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C., Urquijo, P., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, W., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolf, T., Wu, V. H. S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Yamashita, M., Ye, J., Zavattini, G., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Xenon dual-phase time projections chambers (TPCs) have proven to be a successful technology in studying physical phenomena that require low-background conditions. With 40t of liquid xenon (LXe) in the TPC baseline design, DARWIN will have a high sensitivity for the detection of particle dark matter, neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$), and axion-like particles (ALPs). Although cosmic muons are a source of background that cannot be entirely eliminated, they may be greatly diminished by placing the detector deep underground. In this study, we used Monte Carlo simulations to model the cosmogenic background expected for the DARWIN observatory at four underground laboratories: Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS), Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM) and SNOLAB. We determine the production rates of unstable xenon isotopes and tritium due to muon-included neutron fluxes and muon-induced spallation. These are expected to represent the dominant contributions to cosmogenic backgrounds and thus the most relevant for site selection.
Published: 2023
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18. Searches for new physics below twice the electron mass with GERDA

Author: Agostini, M., Alexander, A., Araujo, G., Bakalyarov, A. M., Balata, M., Barabanov, I., Baudis, L., Bauer, C., Belogurov, S., Bettini, A., Bezrukov, L., Biancacci, V., Bossio, E., Bothe, V., Brugnera, R., Caldwell, A., Calgaro, S., Cattadori, C., Chernogorov, A., Chiu, P.-J., Comellato, T., D’Andrea, V., Demidova, E. V., Marco, N. Di, Doroshkevich, E., Fomina, M., Gangapshev, A., Garfagnini, A., Gooch, C., Grabmayr, P., Gurentsov, V., Gusev, K., Hakenmüller, J., Hemmer, S., Hofmann, W., Huang, J., Hult, M., Inzhechik, L. V., Csáthy, J. Janicskó, Jochum, J., Junker, M., Kazalov, V., Kermaïdic, Y., Khushbakht, H., Kihm, T., Kilgus, K., Kirpichnikov, I. V., Klimenko, A., Knöpfle, K. T., Kochetov, O., Kornoukhov, V. N., Krause, P., Kuzminov, V. V., Laubenstein, M., Lindner, M., Lippi, I., Lubashevskiy, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lutter, G., Macolino, C., Majorovits, B., Maneschg, W., Marshall, G., Misiaszek, M., Morella, M., Müller, Y., Nemchenok, I., Neuberger, M., Pandola, L., Pelczar, K., Pertoldi, L., Piseri, P., Pullia, A., Ransom, C., Rauscher, L., Redchuk, M., Riboldi, S., Rumyantseva, N., Sada, C., Sailer, S., Salamida, F., Schönert, S., Schreiner, J., Schütz, A-K., Schulz, O., Schwarz, M., Schwingenheuer, B., Selivanenko, O., Shevchik, E., Shirchenko, M., Shtembari, L., Simgen, H., Smolnikov, A., Stukov, D., Sullivan, S., Vasenko, A. A., Veresnikova, A., Vignoli, C., Sturm, K. von, Wester, T., Wiesinger, C., Wojcik, M., Yanovich, E., Zatschler, B., Zhitnikov, I., Zhukov, S. V., Zinatulina, D., Zschocke, A., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Published: 2024
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19. Borexino's search for low-energy neutrinos associated with gravitational wave events from GWTC-3 database

Author: BOREXINO Collaboration, Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Chepurnov, A., Angelo, D. D', Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Pelicci, L., Penek, O., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Rossi, N., Schonert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The search for neutrino events in correlation with gravitational wave (GW) events for three observing runs (O1, O2 and O3) from 09/2015 to 03/2020 has been performed using the Borexino data-set of the same period. We have searched for signals of neutrino-electron scattering with visible energies above 250 keV within a time window of 1000 s centered at the detection moment of a particular GW event. The search was done with three visible energy thresholds of 0.25, 0.8 and 3.0 MeV.Two types of incoming neutrino spectra were considered: the mono-energetic line and the spectrum expected from supernovae. The same spectra were considered for electron antineutrinos detected through inverse beta-decay (IBD) reaction. GW candidates originated by merging binaries of black holes (BHBH), neutron stars (NSNS) and neutron star and black hole (NSBH) were analysed separately. Additionally, the subset of most intensive BHBH mergers at closer distances and with larger radiative mass than the rest was considered. In total, follow-ups of 74 out of 93 gravitational waves reported in the GWTC-3 catalog were analyzed and no statistically significant excess over the background was observed. As a result, the strongest upper limits on GW-associated neutrino and antineutrino fluences for all flavors (\nu_e, \nu_\mu, \nu_\tau) have been obtained in the (0.5 - 5.0) MeV neutrino energy range., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2023
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20. A new ultra low-level HPGe activity counting setup in the Felsenkeller shallow-underground laboratory

Author: Turkat, S., Bemmerer, D., Boeltzig, A., Domula, A. R., Koch, J., Lossin, T., Osswald, M., Schmidt, K., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: A new ultra low-level counting setup has been installed in the shallow-underground laboratory Felsenkeller in Dresden, Germany. It includes a high-purity germanium detector (HPGe) of 163\% relative efficiency within passive and active shields. The passive shield consists of 45m rock overburden (140 meters water equivalent), 40 cm of low-activity concrete, and a lead and copper castle enclosed by an anti-radon box. The passive shielding alone is found to reduce the background rate to rates comparable to other shallow-underground laboratories. An additional active veto is given by five large plastic scintillation panels surrounding the setup. It further reduces the background rate by more than one order of magnitude down to 116$\pm$1 kg$^{-1}$ d$^{-1}$ in an energy interval of 40-2700 keV. This low background rate is unprecedented for shallow-underground laboratories and close to deep underground laboratories., Comment: Submitted to Astroparticle Physics; corrected typo in abstract
Published: 2023
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21. Liquid argon light collection and veto modeling in GERDA Phase II

Author: GERDA collaboration, Agostini, M., Alexander, A., Araujo, G. R., Bakalyarov, A. M., Balata, M., Barabanov, I., Baudis, L., Bauer, C., Belogurov, S., Bettini, A., Bezrukov, L., Biancacci, V., Bossio, E., Bothe, V., Brugnera, R., Caldwell, A., Calgaro, S., Cattadori, C., Chernogorov, A., Chiu, P-J., Comellato, T., D'Andrea, V., Demidova, E. V., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marco, N., Doroshkevich, E., Fischer, F., Fomina, M., Gangapshev, A., Garfagnini, A., Gooch, C., Grabmayr, P., Gurentsov, V., Gusev, K., Hakenmüller, J., Hemmer, S., Hofmann, W., Hult, M., Inzhechik, L. V., Csáthy, J. Janicskó, Jochum, J., Junker, M., Kazalov, V., Kermaïdic, Y., Khushbakht, H., Kihm, T., Kilgus, K., Kirpichnikov, I. V., Klimenko, A., Knöpfle, K. T., Kochetov, O., Kornoukhov, V. N., Krause, P., Kuzminov, V. V., Laubenstein, M., Lehnert, B., Lindner, M., Lippi, I., Lubashevskiy, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lutter, G., Macolino, C., Majorovits, B., Maneschg, W., Manzanillas, L., Marshall, G., Miloradovic, M., Mingazheva, R., Misiaszek, M., Morella, M., Müller, Y., Nemchenok, I., Neuberger, M., Pandola, L., Pelczar, K., Pertoldi, L., Piseri, P., Pullia, A., Rauscher, L., Redchuk, M., Riboldi, S., Rumyantseva, N., Sada, C., Sailer, S., Salamida, F., Schönert, S., Schreiner, J., Schütt, M., Schütz, A-K., Schulz, O., Schwarz, M., Schwingenheuer, B., Selivanenko, O., Shevchik, E., Shirchenko, M., Shtembari, L., Simgen, H., Smolnikov, A., Stukov, D., Sullivan, S., Vasenko, A. A., Veresnikova, A., Vignoli, C., von Sturm, K., Wegmann, A., Wester, T., Wiesinger, C., Wojcik, M., Yanovich, E., Zatschler, B., Zhitnikov, I., Zhukov, S. V., Zinatulina, D., Zschocke, A., Zsigmond, A. J., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The ability to detect liquid argon scintillation light from within a densely packed high-purity germanium detector array allowed the GERDA experiment to reach an exceptionally low background rate in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{76}$Ge. Proper modeling of the light propagation throughout the experimental setup, from any origin in the liquid argon volume to its eventual detection by the novel light read-out system, provides insight into the rejection capability and is a necessary ingredient to obtain robust background predictions. In this paper, we present a model of the GERDA liquid argon veto, as obtained by Monte Carlo simulations and constrained by calibration data, and highlight its application for background decomposition.
Published: 2022
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22. Evidence of Antineutrinos from Distant Reactors using Pure Water at SNO+

Author: Collaboration, SNO, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Antunes, J., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Barros, N., Barao, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Cheng, S., Chen, M., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deloye, J., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Di Lodovico, F., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gaur, A., Gonzalez-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inacio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaluzienski, S., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lefebvre, C., Lidgard, J., Lin, Y. H., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Valder, S., Virtue, C. J., Vazquez-Jauregui, E., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The SNO+ Collaboration reports the first evidence of reactor antineutrinos in a Cherenkov detector. The nearest nuclear reactors are located 240~km away in Ontario, Canada. This analysis uses events with energies lower than in any previous analysis with a large water Cherenkov detector. Two analytical methods are used to distinguish reactor antineutrinos from background events in 190 days of data and yield consistent evidence for antineutrinos with a combined significance of 3.5$\sigma$., Comment: v2: add missing author, add link to supplemental material v3: minor updates to match PRL publication
Published: 2022
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23. Search for exotic physics in double-$\beta$ decays with GERDA Phase II

Author: The GERDA collaboration, Agostini, M., Alexander, A., Araujo, G., Bakalyarov, A. M., Balata, M., Barabanov, I., Baudis, L., Bauer, C., Belogurov, S., Bettini, A., Bezrukov, L., Biancacci, V., Bossio, E., Bothe, V., Brugnera, R., Caldwell, A., Cattadori, C., Chernogorov, A., Comellato, T., D'Andrea, V., Demidova, E. V., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marco, N., Doroshkevich, E., Fischer, F., Fomina, M., Gangapshev, A., Garfagnini, A., Gooch, C., Grabmayr, P., Gurentsov, V., Gusev, K., Hakenmüller, J., Hemmer, S., Hofmann, W., Huang, J., Hult, M., Inzhechik, L. V., Csáthy, J. Janicskó, Jochum, J., Junker, M., Kazalov, V., Kermaïdic, Y., Khushbakht, H., Kihm, T., Kilgus, K., Kirpichnikov, I. V., Klimenko, A., Knöpfle, K. T., Kochetov, O., Kornoukhov, V. N., Krause, P., Kuzminov, V. V., Laubenstein, M., Lindner, M., Lippi, I., Lubashevskiy, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lutter, G., Macolino, C., Majorovits, B., Maneschg, W., Manzanillas, L., Marshall, G., Miloradovic, M., Mingazheva, R., Misiaszek, M., Morella, M., Müller, Y., Nemchenok, I., Pandola, L., Pelczar, K., Pertoldi, L., Piseri, P., Pullia, A., Ransom, C., Rauscher, L., Redchuk, M., Riboldi, S., Rumyantseva, N., Sada, C., Sailer, S., Salamida, F., Schönert, S., Schreiner, J., Schütt, M., Schütz, A. -K., Schulz, O., Schwarz, M., Schwingenheuer, B., Selivanenko, O., Shevchik, E., Shirchenko, M., Shtembari, L., Simgen, H., Smolnikov, A., Stukov, D., Vasenko, A. A., Veresnikova, A., Vignoli, C., von Sturm, K., Wester, T., Wiesinger, C., Wojcik, M., Yanovich, E., Zatschler, B., Zhitnikov, I., Zhukov, S. V., Zinatulina, D., Zschocke, A., Zsigmond, A. J., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A search for Beyond the Standard Model double-$\beta$ decay modes of $^{76}$Ge has been performed with data collected during the Phase II of the GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) experiment, located at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN (Italy). Improved limits on the decays involving Majorons have been obtained, compared to previous experiments with $^{76}$Ge, with half-life values on the order of 10$^{23}$ yr. For the first time with $^{76}$Ge, limits on Lorentz invariance violation effects in double-$\beta$ decay have been obtained. The isotropic coefficient $\mathring{a}_\text{of}^{(3)}$, which embeds Lorentz violation in double-$\beta$ decay, has been constrained at the order of $10^{-6}$ GeV. We also set the first experimental limits on the search for light exotic fermions in double-$\beta$ decay, including sterile neutrinos.
Published: 2022

24. Recent Borexino results and perspectives of the SOX measurement

Author: Porcelli A., Agostini M., Altenmüller K., Appel S., Atroshchenko V., Bagdasarian Z., Basilico D., Bellini G., Benziger J., Bick D., Bonfini G., Bravo D., Caccianiga B., Calaprice F., Caminata A., Caprioli S., Carlini M., Cavalcante P., Chepurnov A., Choi K., Cloué O., Cribier M., D'Angelo D., Davini S., Derbin A., Ding X.F., Di Ludovico A., Di Noto L., Drachnev I., Durero M., Farinon S., Fischer V., Fomenko K., Formozov A., Franco D., Froborg F., Gabriele F., Gaffiot J., Galbiati C., Ghiano C., Giammarchi M., Goretti A., Gromov M., Gschwender M., Hagner C., Houdy T., Hungerford E., Ianni Aldo, Ianni Andrea, Jonquères N., Jany A., Jeschke D., Kobychev V., Korablev D., Korga G., Kornoukhov V., Kryn D., Lachenmaier T., Lasserre T., Laubenstein M., Litvinovich E., Lombardi F., Lombardi P., Ludhova L., Lukyanchenko G., Lukyanchenko L., Machulin I., Manuzio G., Marcocci S., Maricic J., Mention G., Martyn J., Meroni E., Meyer M., Miramonti L., Misiaszek M., Muratova V., Musenich R., Neumair B., Oberauer L., Opitz B., Ortica F., Pallavicini M., Papp L., Pilipenko N., Pocar A., Ranucci G., Razeto A., Re A., Romani A., Roncin R., Rossi N., Rottenanger S., Schönert S., Scola M., Semenov D., Skorokhvatov M., Smirnov O., Sotnikov A., Stokes L.F.F., Suvorov Y., Tartaglia R., Testera G., Thurn J., Toropova M., Unzhakov E., Veyssiére C., Vishneva A., Vivier M., Vogelaar R.B., von Feilitzsch F., Wang H., Weinz S., Wojcik M., Wurm M., Yokley Z., Zaimidoroga O., Zavatarelli S., Zuber K., and Zuzel G.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Borexino is a liquid scintillator detector sited underground in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (Italy). Its physics program, until the end of this year, is focussed on the study of solar neutrinos, in particular from the Beryllium, pp, pep and CNO fusion reactions. Knowing the reaction chains in the sun provides insights towards physics disciplines such as astrophysics (star physics, star formation, etc.), astroparticle and particle physics. Phase II started in 2011 and its aim is to improve the phase I results, in particular the measurements of the neutrino fluxes from the pep and CNO processes. By the end of this year, data taking from the sun will be over and a new project is scheduled to launch: Short distance Oscillation with boreXino (SOX), which uses a Cerium source for neutrinos (100÷150 kCi of activity) and aims to confirm or rule out the presence of sterile neutrinos. This particle is hypothesised to justify the reactor, Gallium and LSND anomalies found and can reject extensions to the standard model. The work presented is a summary of the solar neutrino results achieved so far, which lead not only to a precise study of the processes in the sun, but also to more Standard Model oriented measurements (such as the stability of the charge, i.e. the life time of the electron). Furthermore, the perspectives of the SOX program are discussed showing the experiment sensitivity to a fourth neutrino state covering almost entirely 3σ of the preferred region of the anomalous neutrino experiments, and additional applications of the detector such as the study of geo-neutrinos.
Published: 2018
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25. Improved measurement of solar neutrinos from the Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen cycle by Borexino and its implications for the Standard Solar Model

Author: Appel, S., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pelicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Unzhakov, E., Villante, F. L., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We present an improved measurement of the CNO solar neutrino interaction rate at Earth obtained with the complete Borexino Phase-III dataset. The measured rate R$_{\rm CNO}$ = $6.7^{+2.0}_{-0.8}$ counts/(day$ \cdot$ 100 tonnes), allows us to exclude the absence of the CNO signal with about 7$\sigma$ C.L. The correspondent CNO neutrino flux is $6.6^{+2.0}_{-0.9} \times 10^8$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, taking into account the neutrino flavor conversion. We use the new CNO measurement to evaluate the C and N abundances in the Sun with respect to the H abundance for the first time with solar neutrinos. Our result of $N_{\rm CN}$ = $(5.78^{+1.86}_{-1.00})\times10^{-4}$ displays a $\sim$2$\sigma$ tension with the "low metallicity" spectroscopic photospheric measurements. On the other hand, our result used together with the $^7$Be and $^8$B solar neutrino fluxes, also measured by Borexino, permits to disfavour at 3.1$\sigma$ C.L. the "low metallicity" SSM B16-AGSS09met as an alternative to the "high metallicity" SSM B16-GS98., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2022
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26. Improved search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+ detector

Author: Collaboration, SNO, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Barros, N., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Cheng, S., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Di Lodovico, F., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gaur, A., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hartnell, J., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lefebvre, C., Lidgard, J., Lin, Y. H., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Meyer, M., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Valder, S., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Wang, J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. D., Wilson, J. R., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Yu, S., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This paper reports results from a search for single and multi-nucleon disappearance from the $^{16}$O nucleus in water within the \snoplus{} detector using all of the available data. These so-called "invisible" decays do not directly deposit energy within the detector but are instead detected through their subsequent nuclear de-excitation and gamma-ray emission. New limits are given for the partial lifetimes: $\tau(n\rightarrow inv) > 9.0\times10^{29}$ years, $\tau(p\rightarrow inv) > 9.6\times10^{29}$ years, $\tau(nn\rightarrow inv) > 1.5\times10^{28}$ years, $\tau(np\rightarrow inv) > 6.0\times10^{28}$ years, and $\tau(pp\rightarrow inv) > 1.1\times10^{29}$ years at 90\% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate). All but the ($nn\rightarrow inv$) results improve on existing limits by a factor of about 3.
Published: 2022
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27. Independent determination of the Earth's orbital parameters with solar neutrinos in Borexino

Author: Appel, S., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Goettel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Pelicci, L., Penek, O., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Rossi, N., Schoenert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Since the beginning of 2012, the Borexino collaboration has been reporting precision measurements of the solar neutrino fluxes, emitted in the proton-proton chain and in the Carbon-Nitrogen-Oxygen cycle. The experimental sensitivity achieved in Phase-II and Phase-III of the Borexino data taking made it possible to detect the annual modulation of the solar neutrino interaction rate due to the eccentricity of Earth's orbit, with a statistical significance greater than 5$\sigma$. This is the first precise measurement of the Earth's orbital parameters based solely on solar neutrinos and an additional signature of the solar origin of the Borexino signal. The complete periodogram of the time series of the Borexino solar neutrino detection rate is also reported, exploring frequencies between one cycle/year and one cycle/day. No other significant modulation frequencies are found. The present results were uniquely made possible by Borexino's decade-long high-precision solar neutrino detection., Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2022
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28. A Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics

Author: Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Aerne, V., Agostini, F., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Akimov, D. Yu., Akshat, J., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Alsum, S. K., Althueser, L., Amarasinghe, C. S., Amaro, F. D., Ames, A., Anderson, T. J., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Angevaare, J., Antochi, V. C., Martin, D. Antón, Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arneodo, F., Arthurs, M., Asadi, P., Baek, S., Bai, X., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balajthy, J., Balashov, S., Balzer, M., Bandyopadhyay, A., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Baur, D., Baxter, A., Baxter, A. L., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Behrens, J., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Beltrame, P., Benabderrahmane, M., Bernard, E. P., Bertone, G. F., Bhattacharjee, P., Bhatti, A., Biekert, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Binau, A. R., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishara, F., Bismark, A., Blanco, C., Blockinger, G. M., Bodnia, E., Boehm, C., Bolozdynya, A. I., Bolton, P. D., Bottaro, S., Bourgeois, C., Boxer, B., Brás, P., Breskin, A., Breur, P. A., Brew, C. A. J., Brod, J., Brookes, E., Brown, A., Brown, E., Bruenner, S., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Bui, T. K., Burdin, S., Buse, S., Busenitz, J. K., Buttazzo, D., Buuck, M., Buzulutskov, A., Cabrita, R., Cai, C., Cai, D., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Cascella, M., Catena, R., Chakraborty, S., Chan, C., Chang, S., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Chepel, V., Chott, N. I., Cichon, D., Chavez, A. Cimental, Cimmino, B., Clark, M., Co, R. T., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Costa, M., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Creaner, O., Garcia, J. J. Cuenca, Cussonneau, J. P., Cutter, J. E., Dahl, C. E., D'Andrea, V., David, A., Decowski, M. P., Dent, J. B., Deppisch, F. F., de Viveiros, L., Di Gangi, P., Di Giovanni, A., Di Pede, S., Dierle, J., Diglio, S., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Douillet, D., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunsky, D., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Emken, T., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fairbairn, M., Fan, A., Fan, J. J., Farrell, S. J., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A., Ferrari, C., Fieguth, A., Fiorucci, S., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flierman, M., Florek, T., Foot, R., Fox, P. J., Franceschini, R., Fraser, E. D., Frenk, C. S., Frohlich, S., Fruth, T., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garcia, I. Garcia, Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Gibson, E., Gil, W., Giovagnoli, D., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., de Gouvêa, A., Gráf, L., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Grinstein, B., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Grössle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gumbsheimer, R., Gwilliam, C. B., Hall, C. R., Hall, L. J., Hammann, R., Han, K., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Harata, R., Hardin, S. P., Hardy, E., Hardy, C. A., Harigaya, K., Harnik, R., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hochrein, S., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Hood, N., Hooper, D., Horn, M., Howlett, J., Huang, D. Q., Huang, Y., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Iaquaniello, G., Ide, R., Ignarra, C. M., Iloglu, G., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jahangir, O., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Jansen, A., Ji, W., Ji, X., Joerg, F., Johnson, J., Joy, A., Kaboth, A. C., Kamaha, A. C., Kanezaki, K., Kar, K., Kara, M., Kato, N., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keaveney, A. W., Kellerer, J., Khaitan, D., Khazov, A., Khundzakishvili, G., Khurana, I., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Ko, P., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koltmann, G., Kopec, A., Kopmann, A., Kopp, J., Korley, L., Kornoukhov, V. N., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Krauss, L. M., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kumar, J., Paredes, B. López, LaCascio, L., Laine, Q., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Leason, E. A., Lee, J., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Levy, C., Li, I., Li, S. C., Li, T., Liang, S., Liebenthal, C. S., Lin, J., Lin, Q., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Linehan, R., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, X., Liu, K., Liu, J., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, M. I., Asamar, E. Lopez, Lorenzon, W., Lu, C., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Machado, P. A. N., Macolino, C., Maeda, T., Mahlstedt, J., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Manfredini, A., Mannino, R. L., Marangou, N., March-Russell, J., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Martin, R., Martinez-Soler, I., Masbou, J., Masson, D., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Mastronardi, M., Matias-Lopes, J. A., McCarthy, M. E., McFadden, N., McGinness, E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J., McMichael, K., Meinhardt, P., Menéndez, J., Meng, Y., Messina, M., Midha, R., Milisavljevic, D., Miller, E. H., Milosevic, B., Milutinovic, S., Mitra, S. A., Miuchi, K., Mizrachi, E., Mizukoshi, K., Molinario, A., Monte, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Moore, J. S., Morå, K., Morad, J. A., Mendoza, J. D. Morales, Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Mueller, J., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naim, D., Nakamura, S., Nash, E., Navaieelavasani, N., Naylor, A., Nedlik, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., Nikoleyczik, J. A., Niro, V., Oberlack, U. G., Obradovic, M., Odgers, K., O'Hare, C. A. J., Oikonomou, P., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K., Oranday, A., Orpwood, J., Ostrovskiy, I., Ozaki, K., Paetsch, B., Pal, S., Palacio, J., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Panci, P., Pandurovic, M., Parlati, A., Parveen, N., Patton, S. J., Pěč, V., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perez-Gonzalez, Y., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Petrossian-Byrne, R., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pieramico, G., Pierre, M., Piotter, M., Pizella, V., Plante, G., Pollmann, T., Porzio, D., Qi, J., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Raj, N., Silva, M. Rajado, Ramanathan, K., García, D. Ramírez, Ravanis, J., Redard-Jacot, L., Redigolo, D., Reichard, S., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Riffard, Q., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Rocchetti, A., Rosenfeld, S. L., Rosero, R., Rupp, N., Rushton, T., Saha, S., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scheibelhut, M., Schnee, R. W., Schrank, M., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulte, D., Eissing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Schwemberger, T., Schwenk, A., Schwetz, T., Lavina, L. Scotto, Scovell, P. R., Sekiya, H., Selvi, M., Semenov, E., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shaw, S., Shi, S., Shockley, E., Shutt, T. A., Si-Ahmed, R., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Silva, M. C., Simgen, H., Šimkovic, F., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Skulski, W., Smirnov, J., Smith, R., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Sparmann, T. J., Stancu, I., Steidl, M., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Strigari, L. E., Subotic, D., Suerfu, B., Suliga, A. M., Sumner, T. J., Szabo, P., Szydagis, M., Takeda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Tan, P. -L., Taricco, C., Taylor, W. C., Temples, D. J., Terliuk, A., Terman, P. A., Thers, D., Thieme, K., Thümmler, Th., Tiedt, D. R., Timalsina, M., To, W. H., Toennies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G. C., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tsai, Y. D., Tunnell, C. D., Turner, W. G., Ueno, R., Urquijo, P., Utku, U., Vaitkus, A., Valerius, K., Vassilev, E., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., Vincent, A. C., Vittorio, L., Volta, G., von Krosigk, B., von Piechowski, M., Vorkapic, D., Wagner, C. E. M., Wang, A. M., Wang, B., Wang, Y., Wang, W., Wang, J. J., Wang, L. -T., Wang, M., Watson, J. R., Wei, Y., Weinheimer, C., Weisman, E., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., West, S. M., Whitis, T. J., Williams, M., Wilson, M. J., Winkler, D., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolf, T., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., Wu, P., Wüstling, S., Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xiang, X., Xing, Y., Xu, J., Xu, Z., Xu, D., Yamashita, M., Yamazaki, R., Yan, H., Yang, L., Yang, Y., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Young, I., Yu, H. B., Yu, T. T., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zerbo, S., Zhang, Y., Zhong, M., Zhou, N., Zhou, X., Zhu, T., Zhu, Y., Zhuang, Y., Zopounidis, J. P., Zuber, K., and Zupan, J.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the most pressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the available parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), while featuring extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates. These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decay and through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-based detector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantly advance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, and cosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector., Comment: 77 pages, 40 figures, 1262 references
Published: 2022
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29. A Call to Arms Control: Synergies between Nonproliferation Applications of Neutrino Detectors and Large-Scale Fundamental Neutrino Physics Experiments

Author: Akindele, T., Anderson, T., Anderssen, E., Askins, M., Bohles, M., Bacon, A. J., Bagdasarian, Z., Baldoni, A., Barna, A., Barros, N., Bartoszek, L., Bat, A., Beier, E. W., Benson, T., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Birrittella, B., Blucher, E., Boissevain, J., Bonventre, R., Borusinki, J., Bourret, E., Brown, D., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chen, M., Cowen, D. F., Crow, B., Dalnoki-Veress, F., Danielson, D., Dazeley, S., Diwan, M., Djurcic, Z., Druetzler, A., Dye, S., Dye, S. T., Eisch, J., Elagin, A., Enqvist, T., Erlandson, Andrew, Fahrendholz, U., Fienberg, A., Fischer, V., Frankiewicz, K., Garzelli, M. V., Gooding, D., Graham, C., Grant, C., Griskevich, J., Guffanti, D., Hagner, C., Hallin, A., He, J., Hecla, J., Jackson, C. M., Jiang, R., Jovanovic, I., Kaptanoglu, T., Keenan, M., Keener, P., Kemp, E., Klein, J. R., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kraus, C., Krennrich, F., Kroupa, T., Kunkle, P., Kutter, T., Lachenmaier, T., Land, B., Lande, K., Learned, J., Learned, J. G., Lebanowski, L., Li, V., Li, V. A., Lozza, V., Ludhova, L., Mahapatra, Rupak, Malek, M., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marino, A., Marr-Laundrie, P., Martyn, J., Mastbaum, A., Mauger, C., Mayer, M., Migenda, J., Moore, J., Moretti, F., Mullen, A., Napolitano, J., Naranjo, B., Naugle, S., Neights, E., Newcomer, M., Nieslony, M., Nikolica, A., Nishimura, K., O'Meara, B., Oberauer, L., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Ogren, K., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Ouellet, J., Oxborough, L., Papatyi, A., Paulos, B., Pershing, T., Petcov, S. T., Pickard, L., Pronost, G., Rosero, R., Saba, J., Sabarots, L., Sanchez, M. C., Sawatzki, J., Schoppmann, S., Sensenig, J., Seo, S. H., Seo, S., Shebalin, V., Smiley, M., Smy, M., Song, H., Stahl, A., Steiger, H., Stock, M. R., Suekane, F., Sunej, H., Sutanto, F., Svoboda, R., Tiras, E., Trzaska, W. H., Tzanov, M., Vagins, M., Van Berg, R., Varner, G., Veeraraghavan, V., Ventura, S., Vilela, C., Vogelaar, R. B., Walsh, B., Wang, Z., Wang, J., Wang, W., Wendel, G., Westphal, D., Wetstein, M., Wilhelm, A., Wilking, M. J., Winslow, L., Wittich, P., Wolcott, S., Wonsak, B., Worcester, E., Wurm, M., Yang, G., Yeh, M., Zimmerman, E. D., Zsoldos, S., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract: The High Energy Physics community can benefit from a natural synergy in research activities into next-generation large-scale water and scintillator neutrino detectors, now being studied for remote reactor monitoring, discovery and exclusion applications in cooperative nonproliferation contexts. Since approximately 2010, US nonproliferation researchers, supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), have been studying a range of possible applications of relatively large (100 ton) to very large (hundreds of kiloton) water and scintillator neutrino detectors. In parallel, the fundamental physics community has been developing detectors at similar scales and with similar design features for a range of high-priority physics topics, primarily in fundamental neutrino physics. These topics include neutrino oscillation studies at beams and reactors, solar, and geological neutrino measurements, supernova studies, and others. Examples of ongoing synergistic work at U.S. national laboratories and universities include prototype gadolinium-doped water and water-based and opaque scintillator test-beds and demonstrators, extensive testing and industry partnerships related to large area fast position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes, and the development of concepts for a possible underground kiloton-scale water-based detector for reactor monitoring and technology demonstrations. Some opportunities for engagement between the two communities include bi-annual Applied Antineutrino Physics conferences, collaboration with U.S. National Laboratories engaging in this research, and occasional NNSA funding opportunities supporting a blend of nonproliferation and basic science R&D, directed at the U.S. academic community., Comment: contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

30. Pulse shape analysis in GERDA Phase II

Author: The GERDA collaboration, Agostini, M., Araujo, G., Bakalyarov, A. M., Balata, M., Barabanov, I., Baudis, L., Bauer, C., Bellotti, E., Belogurov, S., Bettini, A., Bezrukov, L., Biancacci, V., Bossio, E., Bothe, V., Brudanin, V., Brugnera, R., Caldwell, A., Cattadori, C., Chernogorov, A., Comellato, T., D'Andrea, V., Demidova, E. V., Di Marco, N., Doroshkevich, E., Fischer, F., Fomina, M., Gangapshev, A., Garfagnini, A., Gooch, C., Grabmayr, P., Gurentsov, V., Gusev, K., Hakenmüller, J., Hemmer, S., Hiller, R., Hofmann, W., Huang, J., Hult, M., Inzhechik, L. V., Csáthy, J. Janicskó, Jochum, J., Junker, M., Kazalov, V., Kermaïdic, Y., Khushbakht, H., Kihm, T., Kilgus, K., Kirsch, A., Kirpichnikov, I. V., Klimenko, A., Knöpfle, K. T., Kochetov, O., Kornoukhov, V. N., Krause, P., Kuzminov, V. V., Laubenstein, M., Lazzaro, A., Lindner, M., Lippi, I., Lubashevskiy, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lutter, G., Macolino, C., Majorovits, B., Maneschg, W., Manzanillas, L., Miloradovic, M., Mingazheva, R., Misiaszek, M., Müller, Y., Nemchenok, I., Panas, K., Pandola, L., Pelczar, K., Pertoldi, L., Piseri, P., Pullia, A., Ransom, C., Rauscher, L., Redchuk, M., Riboldi, S., Rumyantseva, N., Sada, C., Salamida, F., Schönert, S., Schreiner, J., Schütt, M., Schütz, A. -K., Schulz, O., Schwarz, M., Schwingenheuer, B., Selivanenko, O., Shevchik, E., Shirchenko, M., Shtembari, L., Simgen, H., Smolnikov, A., Stukov, D., Vasenko, A. A., Veresnikova, A., Vignoli, C., von Sturm, K., Wagner, V., Wester, T., Wiesinger, C., Wojcik, M., Yanovich, E., Zatschler, B., Zhitnikov, I., Zhukov, S. V., Zinatulina, D., Zschocke, A., Zsigmond, A. J., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The GERmanium Detector Array (GERDA) collaboration searched for neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay in $^{76}$Ge using isotopically enriched high purity germanium detectors at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN. After Phase I (2011-2013), the experiment benefited from several upgrades, including an additional active veto based on LAr instrumentation and a significant increase of mass by point-contact germanium detectors that improved the half-life sensitivity of Phase II (2015-2019) by an order of magnitude. At the core of the background mitigation strategy, the analysis of the time profile of individual pulses provides a powerful topological discrimination of signal-like and background-like events. Data from regular $^{228}$Th calibrations and physics data were both considered in the evaluation of the pulse shape discrimination performance. In this work, we describe the various methods applied to the data collected in GERDA Phase II corresponding to an exposure of 103.7 kg$\cdot$yr. These methods suppress the background by a factor of about 5 in the region of interest around Q$_{\beta\beta}$ = 2039 keV, while preserving (81$\pm$3)% of the signal. In addition, an exhaustive list of parameters is provided which were used in the final data analysis.
Published: 2022
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31. Theia: Summary of physics program. Snowmass White Paper Submission

Author: Askins, M., Bagdasarian, Z., Barros, N., Beier, E. W., Bernstein, A., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Bourret, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Diwan, M., Dye, S. T., Eisch, J., Elagin, A., Enqvist, T., Fahrendholz, U., Fischer, V., Frankiewicz, K., Grant, C., Guffanti, D., Hagner, C., Hallin, A., Jackson, C. M., Jiang, R., Kaptanoglu, T., Klein, J. R., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kraus, C., Krennrich, F., Kutter, T., Lachenmaier, T., Land, B., Lande, K., Lebanowski, L., Learned, J. G., Li, V. A., Lozza, V., Ludhova, L., Malek, M., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Maricic, J., Martyn, J., Mastbaum, A., Mauger, C., Mayer, M., Migenda, J., Moretti, F., Napolitano, J., Naranjo, B., Nieslony, M., Oberauer, L., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Ouellet, J., Pershing, T., Petcov, S. T., Pickard, L., Rosero, R., Sanchez, M. C., Sawatzki, J., Seo, S. H., Smiley, M., Smy, M., Stahl, A., Steiger, H., Stock, M. R., Sunej, H., Svoboda, R., Tiras, E., Trzaska, W. H., Tzanov, M., Vagins, M., Vilela, C., Wang, Z., Wang, J., Wetstein, M., Wilking, M. J., Winslow, L., Wittich, P., Wonsak, B., Worcester, E., Wurm, M., Yang, G., Yeh, M., Zimmerman, E. D., Zsoldos, S., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Theia would be a novel, "hybrid" optical neutrino detector, with a rich physics program. This paper is intended to provide a brief overview of the concepts and physics reach of Theia. Full details can be found in the Theia white paper [1]., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021
Published: 2022

32. First Directional Measurement of sub-MeV Solar Neutrinos with Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pellicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wessel, A., Wojcik, M., Wonsak, B., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We report the measurement of sub-MeV solar neutrinos through the use of their associated Cherenkov radiation, performed with the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The measurement is achieved using a novel technique that correlates individual photon hits of events to the known position of the Sun. In an energy window between 0.54 MeV to 0.74 MeV, selected using the dominant scintillation light, we have measured 10887$^{+2386}_{-2103} (\mathrm{stat.})\pm 947 (\mathrm{syst.})$ ($68\%$ confidence interval) solar neutrinos out of 19904 total events. This corresponds to a $^{7}$Be neutrino interaction rate of 51.6$^{+13.9}_{-12.5}$ counts/(day$\cdot$ 100 ton), which is in agreement with the Standard Solar Model predictions and the previous spectroscopic results of Borexino. The no-neutrino hypothesis can be excluded with $>$5$\sigma$ confidence level. For the first time, we have demonstrated the possibility of utilizing the directional Cherenkov information for sub-MeV solar neutrinos, in a large-scale, high light yield liquid scintillator detector. This measurement provides an experimental proof of principle for future hybrid event reconstruction using both Cherenkov and scintillation signatures simultaneously., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, short letter of arXiv:2109.04770
Published: 2021
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33. Search for Low-Energy Signals from Fast Radio Bursts with the Borexino Detector

Author: Appel, S., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Gottel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffantic, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Pelicci, L., Penek, O., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Rossi, N., Schonert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zhutikov, I., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: The search for neutrino events in correlation with several of the most intense fast radio bursts (FRBs) has been performed using the Borexino data. We have searched for signals with visible energies above $250$~keV within a time window of $\pm$1000~s corresponding to the detection time of a particular FRB. We also applied an alternative approach based on searching for specific shapes of neutrino-electron scattering spectra in the full exposure spectrum of the Borexino detector. In particular, two incoming neutrino spectra were considered: the monoenergetic line and the spectrum expected from supernovae. The same spectra were considered for electron antineutrinos detected through the inverse beta-decay reaction. No statistically significant excess over the background was observed. As a result, the strongest upper limits on FRB-associated neutrino fluences of all flavors have been obtained in the $0.5 - 50$~MeV neutrino energy range., Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2021
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34. Constraints on partial half-lives of Ce-136 and Ce-138 double electron captures

Author: Lehnert, B., Hult, M., Lutter, G., Marissens, G., Oberstedt, S., Stroh, H., Kotila, J., Oberstedt, A., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The gamma-ray emissions from a radiopure cerium-bromide crystal with a mass of 4381 g were measured for a total of 497.4 d by means of high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry in the HADES underground laboratory at a depth of 500 m.w.e. A search for 0/2nee and 0/2neb+ double beta decay transitions of Ce-136 and Ce-138 was performed using Bayesian analysis techniques. No signals were observed for a total of 35 investigated decay modes. 90% credibility limits were set in the order of 1e18-1e19 a. Existing constraints from a cerium oxide powder measurement were tested with a different cerium compound and half-life limits could be improved for most of the decay modes. The most likely accessible decay mode of the Ce-136 2nee transition into the 0+1 state of Ba-136 results in a new best 90% credibility limit of 5.0e18 a.
Published: 2021
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35. Charge radii, moments and masses of mercury isotopes across the N = 126 shell closure

Author: Goodacre, T. Day, Afanasjev, A. V., Barzakh, A. E., Nies, L., Marsh, B. A., Sels, S., Perera, U. C., Ring, P., Wienholtz, F., Andreyev, A. N., Van Duppen, P., Althubiti, N. A., Andel, B., Atanasov, D., Augusto, R. S., Billowes, J., Blaum, K., Cocolios, T. E., Cubiss, J. G., Farooq-Smith, G. J., Fedorov, D. V., Fedosseev, V. N., Flanagan, K. T., Gaffney, L. P., Ghys, L., Gottberg, A., Huyse, M., Kreim, S., Kunz, P., Lunney, D., Lynch, K. M., Manea, V., Palenzuela, Y. Martinez, Medonca, T. M., Molkanov, P. L., Mougeot, M., Ramos, J. P., Rosenbusch, M., Rossel, R. E., Rothe, S., Schweikhard, L., Seliverstov, M. D., Spagnoletti, P., Van Beveren, C., Veinhard, M., Verstraelen, E., Welker, A., Wendt, K., Wolf, R. N., Zadvornaya, A., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: Combining laser spectroscopy in a Versatile Arc Discharge and Laser Ion Source, with Penning-trap mass spectrometry at the CERN-ISOLDE facility, this work reports on mean-square charge radii of neutron-rich mercury isotopes across the $N = 126$ shell closure, the electromagnetic moments of $^{207}$Hg and more precise mass values of $^{206-208}$Hg. The odd-even staggering (OES) of the mean square charge radii and the kink at $N = 126$ are analyzed within the framework of covariant density functional theory (CDFT), with comparisons between different functionals to investigate the dependence of the results on the underlying single-particle structure. The observed features are defined predominantly in the particle-hole channel in CDFT, since both are present in the calculations without pairing. However, the magnitude of the kink is still affected by the occupation of the $1i_{11/2}$ and $2g_{9/2}$ orbitals with a dependence on the relative energies as well as pairing., Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures, Phys. Rev. C in press
Published: 2021
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36. First real–time detection of solar pp neutrinos by Borexino

Author: Pallavicini M., Bellini G., Benziger J., Bick D., Bonfini G., Bravo D., Caccianiga B., Calaprice F., Caminata A., Cavalcante P., Chavarria A., Chepurnov A., D'Angelo D., Davini S., Derbin A., Empl A., Etenko A., Fomenko K., Franco D., Gabriele F., Galbiati C., Gazzana S., Ghiano C., Giammarchi M., Göger-Neff M., Goretti A., Gromov M., Hagner C., Hungerford E., Ianni Al., Ianni An., Kayser M., Kobychev V., Korablëv D., Korga G., Kryn D., Laubenstein M., Lehnert B., Lewke T., Litvinovich E., Lombardi F., Lombardi P., Ludhova L., Lukyanchenko G., Machulin I., Manecki S., Maneschg W., Marcocci S., Meindl Q., Meroni E., Meyer M., Miramonti L., Misiaszek M., Montuschi M., Mosteiro P., Muratova V., Oberauer L., Obolensky M., Ortica F., Otis K., Papp L., Perasso L., Pocar A., Ranucci G., Razeto A., Re A., Romani A., Rossi N., Saldanha R., Salvo C., Schönert S., Simgen H., Skorokhvatov M., Smirnov O., Sotnikov A., Sukhotin S., Suvorov Y., Tartaglia R., Testera G., Vignaud D., Vogelaar R.B., Feilitzsch F. von, Wang H., Winter J., Wojcik M., Wurm M., Zaimidoroga O., Zavatarelli S., Zuber K., and Zuzel G.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Solar neutrinos have been pivotal to the discovery of neutrino flavour oscillations and are a unique tool to probe the reactions that keep the Sun shine. Although most of solar neutrino components have been directly measured, the neutrinos emitted by the keystone pp reaction, in which two protons fuse to make a deuteron, have so far eluded direct detection. The Borexino experiment, an ultra–pure liquid scintillator detector running at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy, has now filled the gap, providing the first direct real time measurement of pp neutrinos and of the solar neutrino luminosity.
Published: 2016
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37. Recent Borexino results and prospects for the near future

Author: D’Angelo D., Agostini M., Altenmüller K., Appel S., Bellini G., Benziger J., Bick D., Bonfini G., Bravo D., Caccianiga B., Calaprice F., Caminata A., Cavalcante P., Chepurnov A., Davini S., Derbin A., Di Noto L., Drachnev I., Etenko A., Fomenko K., Franco D., Gabriele F., Galbiati C., Ghiano C., Giammarchi M., Goeger-Neff M., Goretti A., Gromov M., Hagner C., Hungerford E., Ianni Aldo, Ianni Andrea, Jedrzejczak K., Kaiser M., Kobychev V., Korablev D., Korga G., Kryn D., Laubenstein M., Lehnert B., Litvinovich E., Lombardi F., Lombardi P., Ludhova L., Lukyanchenko G., Machulin I., Manecki S., Maneschg W., Marcocci S., Meroni E., Meyer M., Miramonti L., Misiaszek M., Montuschi M., Mosteiro P., Muratova V., Neumair B., Oberauer L., Obolensky M., Ortica F., Pallavicini M., Papp L., Perasso L., Pocar A., Ranucci G., Razeto A., Re A., Romani A., Roncin R., Rossi N., Schönert S., Semenov D., Simgen H., Skorokhvatov M., Smirnov O., Sotnikov A., Sukhotin S., Suvorov Y., Tartaglia R., Testera G., Thurn J., Toropova M., Unzhakov E., Vishneva A., Vogelaar R.B., von Feilitzsch F., Wang H., Weinz S., Winter J., Wojcik M., Wurm M., Yokley Z., Zaimidoroga O., Zavatarelli S., Zuber K., and Zuzel G.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The Borexino experiment located in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, is an organic liquid scintillator detector conceived for the real time spectroscopy of low energy solar neutrinos. The phase-I of the data taking campaign (2007 – 2010) has allowed the first independent measurements of 7Be and pep solar neutrino fluxes as well as the first measurement of anti-neutrinos from the Earth. After a purification of the scintillator, Borexino is now in phase-II since 2011. Thanks to the unprecedented background levels, we have performed the first flux measurement of neutrinos from the fundamental pp reaction which powers the Sun. We review this breakthrough result and other recent results, including the latest review of our terrestrial neutrino analysis. We also discuss the upcoming measurements on middle energy solar neutrino spectral components (pep, CNO) and the new project SOX devoted to the study of sterile neutrinos via the use of a neutrino source placed in close proximity of the detector’s active material.
Published: 2016
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38. Short distance neutrino oscillations with Borexino

Author: Caminata A., Agostini M., Altenmüller K., Appel S., Bellini G., Benziger J., Berton N., Bick D., Bonfini G., Bravo D., Caccianiga B., Calaprice F., Cavalcante P., Chepurnov A., Cribier M., D'Angelo D., Davini S., Derbin A., Noto L. di, Durero M., Empl A., Etenko A., Farinon S., Fischer V., Fomenko K., Franco D., Gabriele F., Gaffiot J., Galbiati C., Ghiano C., Giammarchi M., Göger-Neff M., Goretti A., Gromov M., Hagner C., Houdy Th., Hungerford E., Ianni Aldo, Ianni Andrea, Jonquères N., Kaiser M., Kobychev V., Korablev D., Korga G., Kryn D., Lachenmaier T., Lasserre T., Laubenstein M., Lehnert B., Link J., Litvinovich E., Lombardi F., Lombardi P., Ludhova L., Lukyanchenko G., Machulin I., Maneschg W., Marcocci S., Maricic J., Mention G., Meroni E., Meyer M., Miramonti L., Misiaszek M., Montuschi M., Muratova V., Musenich R., Neumair B., Oberauer L., Obolensky M., Ortica F., Pallavicini M., Papp L., Perasso L., Pocar A., Ranucci G., Razeto A., Re A., Romani A., Rossi N., Schönert S., Scola L., Simgen H., Skorokhvatov M., Smirnov O., Sotnikov A., Sukhotin S., Suvorov Y., Tartaglia R., Testera G., Veyssière C., Vivier M., Vogelaar R.B., Feilitzsch F. von, Wang H., Winter J., Wojcik M., Wurm M., Zaimidoroga O., Zavatarelli S., Zuber K., and Zuzel G.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The Borexino detector has convincingly shown its outstanding performances in the low energy, sub-MeV regime through its unprecedented accomplishments in the solar and geo-neutrinos detection. These performances make it the ideal tool to accomplish a state-of-the-art experiment able to test unambiguously the long-standing issue of the existence of a sterile neutrino, as suggested by the several anomalous results accumulated over the past two decades, i.e. the outputs of the LSND and Miniboone experiments, the results of the source calibration of the two Gallium solar neutrino experiments, and the recently hinted reactor anomaly. The SOX project will exploit two sources, based on Chromium and Cerium, respectively, which deployed under the experiment, in a location foreseen on purpose at the time of the construction of the detector, will emit two intense beams of neutrinos (Cr) and anti-neutrinos (Ce). Interacting in the active volume of the liquid scintillator, each beam would create an unmistakable spatial wave pattern in case of oscillation of the νe (or ν̅e) into the sterile state: such a pattern would be the smoking gun proving the existence of the new sterile member of the neutrino family. Otherwise, its absence will allow setting a very stringent limit on its existence.
Published: 2016
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39. Mass measurements of 99-101In challenge ab initio nuclear theory of the nuclide 100Sn

Author: Mougeot, M., Atanasov, D., Karthein, J., Wolf, R. N., Ascher, P., Blaum, K., Chrysalidis, K., Hagen, G., Holt, J. D., Huang, W. J., Jasen, G. R., Kulikov, I., Litvinov, Yu. A., Lunney, D., Manea, V., Miyagi, T., Papenbrock, T., Schweikhard, L., Schwenk, A., Steinsberger, T., Stroberg, S. R., Sun, Z. H., Welker, A., Wienholtz, F., Wilkins, S. G, and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: 100Sn is of singular interest for nuclear structure. Its closed-shell proton and neutron configuration exhibit exceptional binding and 100Sn is the heaviest nucleus comprising protons and neutrons in equal number, a feature that enhances the contribution of the short-range, proton-neutron pairing interaction and strongly influences its decay via the weak interaction. Decays studies in the region of 100Sn have attempted to prove its doubly magic character but few have studied it from the ab initio theoretical perspective and none have addressed the odd-proton nuclear forces. Here we present, the first direct measurement of the exotic odd-proton nuclide 100In - the beta-decay daughter of 100Sn - and 99In, only one proton below 100Sn. The most advanced mass spectrometry techniques were used to measure 99In, produced at a rate of only a few ions per second, and to resolve the ground and isomeric states in 101In. The experimental results are confronted with new ab initio many-body approaches. The 100-fold improvement in precision of the 100In mass value exarcebates a striking discrepancy in the atomic mass values of 100Sn deduced from recent beta-decay results., Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 Table
Published: 2021
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40. Correlated and Integrated Directionality for sub-MeV solar neutrinos in Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pellicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wessel, A., Wojcik, M., Wonsak, B., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Liquid scintillator detectors play a central role in the detection of neutrinos from various sources. In particular, it is the only technique used so far for the precision spectroscopy of sub-MeV solar neutrinos, as demonstrated by the Borexino experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy. The benefit of a high light yield, and thus a low energy threshold and a good energy resolution, comes at the cost of the directional information featured by water Cherenkov detectors, measuring $^8$B solar neutrinos above a few MeV. In this paper we provide the first directionality measurement of sub-MeV solar neutrinos which exploits the correlation between the first few detected photons in each event and the known position of the Sun for each event. This is also the first signature of directionality in neutrinos elastically scattering off electrons in a liquid scintillator target. This measurement exploits the sub-dominant, fast Cherenkov light emission that precedes the dominant yet slower scintillation light signal. Through this measurement, we have also been able to extract the rate of $^{7}$Be solar neutrinos in Borexino. The demonstration of directional sensitivity in a traditional liquid scintillator target paves the way for the possible exploitation of the Cherenkov light signal in future kton-scale experiments using liquid scintillator targets. Directionality is important for background suppression as well as the disentanglement of signals from various sources., Comment: 19 pages, 15 Figures, revised version after comments from PRD Referees, shorter letter submitted with the title: "First Directional Measurement of sub-MeV Solar Neutrinos with Borexino"
Published: 2021
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41. Constraints on partial half-lives of Ce136 and Ce138 double electron captures

Author: Lehnert, B, Hult, M, Lutter, G, Marissens, G, Oberstedt, S, Stroh, H, Kotila, J, Oberstedt, A, and Zuber, K
Subjects: Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract: The γ-ray emissions from a radiopure cerium-bromide crystal with a mass of 4381 g were measured for a total of 497.4 d by means of high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry in the HADES underground laboratory at a depth of 500 m.w.e. A search for 0/2νϵϵ and 0/2νϵβ+ double beta decay transitions of Ce136 and Ce138 was performed using Bayesian analysis techniques. No signals were observed for a total of 35 investigated decay modes. 90% credibility limits were set in the order of 1018-1019 yr. Existing constraints from a cerium oxide powder measurement were tested with a different cerium compound and half-life limits could be improved for most of the decay modes. The most likely accessible decay mode of the Ce136 2νϵϵ transition into the 01+ state of Ba136 results in a new best 90% credibility limit of 5.0×1018 yr.
Published: 2022

42. LEGEND-1000 Preconceptual Design Report

Author: LEGEND Collaboration, Abgrall, N., Abt, I., Agostini, M., Alexander, A., Andreoiu, C., Araujo, G. R., Avignone III, F. T., Bae, W., Bakalyarov, A., Balata, M., Bantel, M., Barabanov, I., Barabash, A. S., Barbeau, P. S., Barton, C. J., Barton, P. J., Baudis, L., Bauer, C., Bernieri, E., Bezrukov, L., Bhimani, K. H., Biancacci, V., Blalock, E., Bolozdynya, A., Borden, S., Bos, B., Bossio, E., Boston, A., Bothe, V., Bouabid, R., Boyd, S., Brugnera, R., Burlac, N., Busch, M., Caldwell, A., Caldwell, T. S., Carney, R., Cattadori, C., Chan, Y. -D., Chernogorov, A., Christofferson, C. D., Chu, P. -H., Clark, M., Cohen, T., Combs, D., Comellato, T., Cooper, R. J., Costa, I. A., D'Andrea, V., Detwiler, J. A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marco, N., Dobson, J., Drobizhev, A., Durand, M. R., Edzards, F., Efremenko, Yu., Elliott, S. R., Engelhardt, A., Fajt, L., Faud, N., Febbraro, M. T., Ferella, F., Fields, D. E., Fischer, F., Fomina, M., Fox, H., Franchi, J., Gala, R., Galindo-Uribarri, A., Gangapshev, A., Garfagnini, A., Geraci, A., Gilbert, C., Gold, M., Gooch, C., Gradwohl, K. P., Green, M. P., Grinyer, G. F., Grobov, A., Gruszko, J., Guinn, I., Guiseppe, V. E., Gurentsov, V., Gurov, Y., Gusev, K., Hacket, B., Hagemann, F., Hakenmüeller, J., Haranczyk, M., Hauertmann, L., Haufe, C. R., Hayward, C., Heffron, B., Henkes, F., Henning, R., Aguilar, D. Hervas, Hinton, J., Hodak, R., Hoffmann, H., Hofmann, W., Hostiuc, A., Huang, J., Hult, M., Mirza, M. Ibrahim, Jochum, J., Jones, R., Judson, D., Junker, M., Kaizer, J., Kazalov, V., Kermaïdic, Y., Khushbakht, H., Kidd, M., Kihm, T., Kilgus, K., Kim, I., Klimenko, A., Knöpfle, K. T., Kochetov, O., Konovalov, S. I., Kontul, I., Kool, K., Kormos, L. L., Kornoukhov, V. N., Korosec, M., Krause, P., Kuzminov, V. V., López-Castaño, J. M., Lang, K., Laubenstein, M., León, E., Lehnert, B., Leonhardt, A., Li, A., Lindner, M., Lippi, I., Liu, X., Liu, J., Loomba, D., Lubashevskiy, A., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lusardi, N., Müller, Y., Macko, M., Macolino, C., Majorovits, B., Mamedov, F., Maneschg, W., Manzanillas, L., Marshall, G., Martin, R. D., Martin, E. L., Massarczyk, R., Mei, D., Meijer, S. J., Mertens, S., Misiaszek, M., Mondragon, E., Morella, M., Morgan, B., Mroz, T., Muenstermann, D., Nave, C. J., Nemchenok, I., Neuberger, M., Oli, T. K., Gann, G. Orebi, Othman, G., Palušova, V., Panth, R., Papp, L., Paudel, L. S., Pelczar, K., Perez, J. Perez, Pertoldi, L., Pettus, W., Piseri, P., Poon, A. W. P., Povinec, P., Pullia, A., Radford, D. C., Ramachers, Y. A., Ransom, C., Rauscher, L., Redchuk, M., Reine, A. L., Riboldi, S., Rielage, K., Rozov, S., Rukhadze, E., Rumyantseva, N., Runge, J., Ruof, N. W., Saakyan, R., Sailer, S., Salamanna, G., Salamida, F., Salvat, D. J., Sandukovsky, V., Schönert, S., Schültz, A., Schütt, M., Schaper, D. C., Schreiner, J., Schulz, O., Schuster, M., Schwarz, M., Schwingenheuer, B., Selivanenko, O., Shafiee, M., Shevchik, E., Shirchenko, M., Shitov, Y., Simgen, H., Simkovic, F., Skorokhvatov, M., Slavickova, M., Smolek, K., Smolnikov, A., Solomon, J. A., Song, G., Starosta, K., Stekl, I., Stommel, M., Stukov, D., Sumathi, R. R., Sweigart, D. A., Szczepaniec, K., Taffarello, L., Tagnani, D., Tayloe, R., Tedeschi, D., Turqueti, M., Varner, R. L., Vasilyev, S., Veresnikova, A., Vetter, K., Vignoli, C., Vogl, C., von Sturm, K., Waters, D., Waters, J. C., Wei, W., Wiesinger, C., Wilkerson, J. F., Willers, M., Wiseman, C., Wojcik, M., Wu, V. H. -S., Xu, W., Yakushev, E., Ye, T., Yu, C. -H., Yumatov, V., Zaretski, N., Zeman, J., Zhitnikov, I., Zinatulina, D., Zschocke, A. -K., Zsigmond, A. J., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: We propose the construction of LEGEND-1000, the ton-scale Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless $\beta \beta$ Decay. This international experiment is designed to answer one of the highest priority questions in fundamental physics. It consists of 1000 kg of Ge detectors enriched to more than 90% in the $^{76}$Ge isotope operated in a liquid argon active shield at a deep underground laboratory. By combining the lowest background levels with the best energy resolution in the field, LEGEND-1000 will perform a quasi-background-free search and can make an unambiguous discovery of neutrinoless double-beta decay with just a handful of counts at the decay $Q$ value. The experiment is designed to probe this decay with a 99.7%-CL discovery sensitivity in the $^{76}$Ge half-life of $1.3\times10^{28}$ years, corresponding to an effective Majorana mass upper limit in the range of 9-21 meV, to cover the inverted-ordering neutrino mass scale with 10 yr of live time.
Published: 2021

43. The Future of Solar Neutrinos

Author: Gann, G. D. Orebi, Zuber, K., Bemmerer, D., and Serenelli, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: In this article we review the current state of the field of solar neutrinos, including flavour oscillations, non-standard effects, solar models, cross section measurements, and the broad experimental program thus motivated and enabled. We discuss the historical discoveries that contributed to current knowledge, and define critical open questions to be addressed in the next decade. We discuss the state of the art of standard solar models, including uncertainties and problems related to the solar composition, and review experimental and model solar neutrino fluxes, including future prospects. We review the state of the art of the nuclear reaction data relevant for solar fusion in the proton-proton chain and carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle. Finally, we review the current and future experimental program that can address outstanding questions in this field.
Published: 2021
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44. Photoexcitation of $^{76}$Ge

Author: Schwengner, R., Massarczyk, R., Schmidt, K., Zuber, K., Beyer, R., Bemmerer, D., Hammer, S., Hartmann, A., Hensel, T., Hoffmann, H. F., Junghans, A. R., Kögler, T., Müller, S. E., Pichotta, M., Turkat, S., Turko, J. A. B., Urlaß, S., and Wagner, A.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The dipole strength of the nuclide $^{76}$Ge was studied in photon-scattering experiments using bremsstrahlung produced with electron beams of energies of 7.8 and 12.3 MeV at the $\gamma$ELBE facility. We identified 210 levels up to an excitation energy of 9.4 MeV and assigned spin $J$ = 1 to most of them. The quasicontinuum of unresolved transitions was included in the analysis of the spectra and the intensities of branching transitions were estimated on the basis of simulations of statistical $\gamma$-ray cascades. The photoabsorption cross section up to the neutron-separation energy was determined and is compared with predictions of the statistical reaction model. The derived photon strength function is compared with results of experiments using other reactions., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2021
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45. Identification of the cosmogenic $^{11}$C background in large volumes of liquid scintillators with Borexino

Author: Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacintio, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pelicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Porcelli, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singha, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Cosmogenic radio-nuclei are an important source of background for low-energy neutrino experiments. In Borexino, cosmogenic $^{11}$C decays outnumber solar $pep$ and CNO neutrino events by about ten to one. Highly efficient identification of this background is mandatory for these neutrino analyses. We present here the details of the most consolidated strategy, used throughout Borexino solar neutrino measurements. It hinges upon finding the space-time correlations between $^{11}$C decays, the preceding parent muons and the accompanying neutrons. This article describes the working principles and evaluates the performance of this Three-Fold Coincidence (TFC) technique in its two current implementations: a hard-cut and a likelihood-based approach. Both show stable performances throughout Borexino Phases II (2012-2016) and III (2016-2020) data sets, with a $^{11}$C tagging efficiency of $\sim$90 % and $\sim$63-66 % of the exposure surviving the tagging. We present also a novel technique that targets specifically $^{11}$C produced in high-multiplicity during major spallation events. Such $^{11}$C appear as a burst of events, whose space-time correlation can be exploited. Burst identification can be combined with the TFC to obtain about the same tagging efficiency of $\sim$90 % but with a higher fraction of the exposure surviving, in the range of $\sim$66-68 %., Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures (but 15 files, one figure being made of 2 images), 3 tables
Published: 2021
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46. Optical calibration of the SNO+ detector in the water phase with deployed sources

Author: Collaboration, SNO, Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Barão, F., Barros, N., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Boulay, M., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Dittmer, J., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Fischer, V., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gaur, A., Gilje, K., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hartnell, J., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefebvre, C., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Lin, Y. H., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Meyer, M., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Pickard, L., Prior, G., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Shaker, F., Sharma, M. K., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Stainforth, R., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Valder, S., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Wang, J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Yu, S., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: SNO+ is a large-scale liquid scintillator experiment with the primary goal of searching for neutrinoless double beta decay, and is located approximately 2 km underground in SNOLAB, Sudbury, Canada. The detector acquired data for two years as a pure water Cherenkov detector, starting in May 2017. During this period, the optical properties of the detector were measured in situ using a deployed light diffusing sphere, with the goal of improving the detector model and the energy response systematic uncertainties. The measured parameters included the water attenuation coefficients, effective attenuation coefficients for the acrylic vessel, and the angular response of the photomultiplier tubes and their surrounding light concentrators, all across different wavelengths. The calibrated detector model was validated using a deployed tagged gamma source, which showed a 0.6% variation in energy scale across the primary target volume., Comment: Accepted by JINST (30 pages, 19 figures)
Published: 2021
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47. The Low Polonium Field of Borexino and its significance for the CNO neutrino detection

Author: Kumaran, S., Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pellicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Settanta, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Villante, F. L., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Borexino is a liquid scintillator detector located at the Laboratori Nazionale del Gran Sasso, Italy with the main goal to measure solar neutrinos. The experiment recently provided the first direct experimental evidence of CNO-cycle neutrinos in the Sun, rejecting the no-CNO signal hypothesis with a significance greater than 5$\sigma$ at 99\%C.L. The intrinsic $^{210}$Bi is an important background for this analysis due to its similar spectral shape to that of CNO neutrinos. $^{210}$Bi can be measured through its daughter $^{210}$Po which can be distinguished through an event-by-event basis via pulse shape discrimination. However, this required reducing the convective motions in the scintillator that brought additional $^{210}$Po from peripheral sources. This was made possible through the thermal insulation and stabilization campaign performed between 2015 and 2016. This article will explain the strategy and the different methods performed to extract the $^{210}$Bi upper limit in Phase-III (Jul 2016- Feb 2020) of the experiment through the analysis of $^{210}$Po in the cleanest region of the detector called the Low Polonium Field., Comment: Contribution to the 2021 Neutrinos session of the 55th Rencontres de Moriond
Published: 2021

48. First detection of CNO neutrinos with Borexino

Author: Settanta, G., Agostini, M., Altenmüller, K., Appel, S., Atroshchenko, V., Bagdasarian, Z., Basilico, D., Bellini, G., Benziger, J., Biondi, R., Bravo, D., Caccianiga, B., Calaprice, F., Caminata, A., Cavalcante, P., Chepurnov, A., D'Angelo, D., Davini, S., Derbin, A., Di Giacinto, A., Di Marcello, V., Ding, X. F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Drachnev, I., Formozov, A., Franco, D., Galbiati, C., Ghiano, C., Giammarchi, M., Goretti, A., Göttel, A. S., Gromov, M., Guffanti, D., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, A., Jeschke, D., Kobychev, V., Korga, G., Kumaran, S., Laubenstein, M., Litvinovich, E., Lombardi, P., Lomskaya, I., Ludhova, L., Lukyanchenko, G., Lukyanchenko, L., Machulin, I., Martyn, J., Meroni, E., Meyer, M., Miramonti, L., Misiaszek, M., Muratova, V., Neumair, B., Nieslony, M., Nugmanov, R., Oberauer, L., Orekhov, V., Ortica, F., Pallavicini, M., Papp, L., Pelicci, L., Penek, Ö., Pietrofaccia, L., Pilipenko, N., Pocar, A., Raikov, G., Ranalli, M. T., Ranucci, G., Razeto, A., Re, A., Redchuk, M., Romani, A., Rossi, N., Schönert, S., Semenov, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Singhal, A., Smirnov, O., Sotnikov, A., Suvorov, Y., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thurn, J., Unzhakov, E., Villante, F. L., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., von Feilitzsch, F., Wojcik, M., Wurm, M., Zavatarelli, S., Zuber, K., and Zuzel, G.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Neutrinos are elementary particles which are known since many years as fundamental messengers from the interior of the Sun. The Standard Solar Model, which gives a theoretical description of all nuclear processes which happen in our star, predicts that roughly 99% of the energy produced is coming from a series of processes known as the "pp chain". Such processes have been studied in detail over the last years by means of neutrinos, thanks also to the important measurements provided by the Borexino experiment. The remaining 1% is instead predicted to come from a separate loop-process, known as the "CNO cycle". This sub-dominant process is theoretically well understood, but has so far escaped any direct observation. Another fundamental aspect is that the CNO cycle is indeed the main nuclear engine in stars more massive than the Sun. In 2020, thanks to the unprecedented radio-purity and temperature control achieved by the Borexino detector over recent years, the first ever detection of neutrinos from the CNO cycle has been finally announced. The milestone result confirms the existence of this nuclear fusion process in our Universe. Here, the details of the detector stabilization and the analysis techniques adopted are reported., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Contribution to the 2021 Neutrinos session of the 55th Rencontres de Moriond
Published: 2021

49. Felsenkeller shallow-underground accelerator laboratory for nuclear astrophysics

Author: Bemmerer D., Cowan T.E., Gohl S., Ilgner C., Junghans A.R., Reinhardt T.P., Rimarzig B., Reinicke S., Röder M., Schmidt K., Schwengner R., Stöckel K., Szücs T., Takács M., Wagner A., Wagner L., and Zuber K.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Favored by the low background in underground laboratories, low-background accelerator-based experiments are an important tool to study nuclear reactions involving stable charged particles. This technique has been used for many years with great success at the 0.4 MV LUNA accelerator in the Gran Sasso laboratory in Italy, proteced from cosmic rays by 1400 m of rock. However, the nuclear reactions of helium and carbon burning and the neutron source reactions for the astrophysical s-process require higher beam energies than those available at LUNA. Also the study of solar fusion reactions necessitates new data at higher energies. As a result, in the present NuPECC long range plan for nuclear physics in Europe, the installation of one or more higher-energy underground accelerators is strongly recommended. An intercomparison exercise has been carried out using the same HPGe detector in a typical nuclear astrophysics setup at several sites, including the Dresden Felsenkeller underground laboratory. It was found that its rock overburden of 45m rock, together with an active veto against the remaining muon flux, reduces the background to a level that is similar to the deep underground scenario. Based on this finding, a used 5 MV pelletron tandem with 250 μA upcharge current and external sputter ion source has been obtained and transported to Dresden. Work on an additional radio-frequency ion source on the high voltage terminal is underway. The project is now fully funded. The installation of the accelerator in the Felsenkeller is expected for the near future. The status of the project and the planned access possibilities for external users will be reported.
Published: 2015
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50. S-Factor measurement of the 12C(p,γ)13N reaction in inverse kinematics

Author: Stöckel Klaus, Reinhardt Tobias P., Akhmadaliev S., Bemmerer D., Gohl St., Reinicke S., Schmidt K., Serfling M., Szücs T., Takács M. P., Wagner L., and Zuber K.
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Hydrogen rich solid targets have been developed and produced to investigate the 12C(p, γ)13N reaction in inverse kinematics. The SRIM simulation software has been used to determine the parameters for ion implantation in various materials. Nuclear Resonant Reacton Analysis (NRRA) with the resonant reaction 15N(p, αγ)12C has been carried out to measure the hydrogen content of the produced targets. Measurements of the produced targets at the energy range from Ecm = 577 keV down to Ecm = 191 keV, were performed at the 3-MV Tandetron of Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR).
Published: 2015
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