13 results on '"Zuixiong Li"'
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2. Modification of traditional Chinese ginger nut and its mechanical behavior
- Author
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Linyi Zhao, Chen Weichang, Li Li, Mingshen Shao, Zuixiong Li, and Lekan Olatayo Afolagboye
- Subjects
Nut ,Materials science ,Carbonation ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,020101 civil engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Building and Construction ,0201 civil engineering ,law.invention ,Curing time ,law ,021105 building & construction ,General Materials Science ,Calcination ,Cementitious ,Mortar ,Composite material ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
The ginger nut has been used as building materials in Dadiwan site in Qin’an County, Gansu Province, China, and it was confirmed as the earliest lightweight concrete in China. However, the ginger nut is not a proper construction material because it does not contain cementitious components. In this paper, original ginger nut were calcined under different temperatures and the properties of the resultant modified ginger nut were analyzed. 1100 °C was chosen as optimal calcination temperature according to CaO, β-CaSiO 3 and Ca 2 Al 2 SiO 7 content. Based on mortar workability and strength as result of curing time, 0.33 was selected as the optimal water binder ratio of the ginger nut mortar. The results of the mechanical tests revealed that the mortar exhibited ductile behavior, and it is possibly due to the special structure between aggregates and hydration or carbonation products. Finally, several tests carried out to determine weathering resistance abilities of the ginger nut mortar showed that they will probably serve as restoration material for stone or soil relics. more...
- Published
- 2017
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3. Pull-out behaviour of wood bolt fully grouted by PS-F slurry in rammed earth heritages
- Author
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Wenwu Chen, Zuixiong Li, Jingke Zhang, Qinglin Guo, Xudong Wang, and Nan Wang
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Materials science ,Grout ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,020501 mining & metallurgy ,Stress (mechanics) ,Rammed earth ,0205 materials engineering ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Slurry ,engineering ,Geotechnical engineering ,Ductility ,Displacement (fluid) ,Failure mode and effects analysis ,021101 geological & geomatics engineering - Abstract
This article presents a laboratory and field investigation of pull-out resistance of wood bolts in rammed earth heritages. The laboratory testing involved axial tensile tests of four grout specimens prepared in specially designed moulds using PS-F (Potassium Silicate solution-Fly ash) slurry to investigate the performance of anchors. The field testing involved pull-out tests of three wood anchors installed in rammed earth heritages by gravity grouting. Experiments reveal that the failure mode is the pull-out of bolt from grout and average skin friction resistance of bolt–grout interface is approximately 0.34MPa. Load–displacement curves and elastic–residual displacement derived from cyclic loading indicate such anchor system has strong ductility with small elastic deformation and large residual deformation. Bond collapse firstly occurs at the loaded end and then propagates towards the full bonded length. Bond stress distribution is not uniform along the bonded length. Maximum bond stress distribut... more...
- Published
- 2016
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4. The properties of potassium silicate/ fly ash slurry used in the conservation of adobe structures
- Author
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Manli Sun, Qinglin Guo, Jingke Zhang, Zuixiong Li, Xudong Wang, and Wenwu Chen
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Materials science ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,Conservation ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Physical property ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Flexural strength ,chemistry ,Fly ash ,021105 building & construction ,Slurry ,Composite material ,Porosity ,Water content ,Potassium silicate ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Tensile testing - Abstract
The work reported here is a systematic study to evaluate the compatibility of using PS-F (potassium silicate with high modulus – fly ash) slurry in the conservation of adobe structures. Firstly, the optimum mixing proportion (0.47) was determined by flow meter. Then the experimental program was divided into two parts: one part studied changes in physical and mechanical properties with increase in setting time by means of the measurement of moisture content, compressive and flexural strength, elastic-wave velocity, density, and porosity; the other part studied the durability of PS-F slurry through temperature and humidity cycles, freeze–thaw cycles, water stability, tensile testing, and alkali resistivity tests. The results show that the consolidation process with the slurry can meet the requirements of conservation applications and provide a timely anchoring force, and the slurry and soil mass of adobe-based structures have good compatibility in physical and mechanical properties. In addition, the slurry ... more...
- Published
- 2016
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5. Study on workability and durability of calcined ginger nuts-based grouts used in anchoring conservation of earthen sites
- Author
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Xudong Wang, Qinglin Guo, Nan Wang, Wenwu Chen, Jingke Zhang, and Zuixiong Li
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Archeology ,Materials science ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Grout ,Humidity ,Conservation ,engineering.material ,Durability ,Accelerated aging ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Fly ash ,Water environment ,engineering ,Composite material ,Porosity ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Spectroscopy ,Shrinkage - Abstract
In this study, calcined ginger nuts (CGN) grouts admixed by fly ash (F) and quartz sand (S) was investigated on its suitability for anchoring use in earthen sites. According to requirement for the consistency of grout, the mix proportions were determined with 0.45 for CGN_F, 0.33 for CGN_S and 0.35 for CGN_F_S, by mass, to study their physical and mechanical property and durability. Test results indicated that use of fly ash can prolong the initial setting time of grout and admixture by fly ash and quartz sand leaded to lowest density and shrinkage, higher porosity, and highest strength. Accelerated aging tests indicated that admixture by fly ash led to a high resistance to fluctuation of temperature and humidity, sulfate attack and alkali environment; meanwhile, admixture by quartz sand resulted in high resistance to freeze-thaw action and water environment. As a compromise, CGN_F_S can get predominant durability. The paper shows that CGN_F_S grout is basically compatible to earthen sites and suitable for anchoring use in the conservation of earthen sites in terms of workability and durability. more...
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- 2015
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6. Deterioration mechanisms of building materials of Jiaohe ruins in China
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Zuixiong Li, Mingshen Shao, Sijing Wang, Enzhi Wang, and Li Li
- Subjects
Archeology ,Engineering ,Ancient city ,business.industry ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Conservation ,Durability ,Prolonged exposure ,Architectural heritage ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Mechanical strength ,Forensic engineering ,Volume reduction ,business ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Almost all defects of earthen buildings such as roughening, erosion, volume reduction, cracking as well as crazing, etc., have been witnessed in the ancient city of Jiaohe, an earthen architectural heritage in northwest China. In this paper, their long-term durability and deterioration due to prolonged exposure to environmental factors were studied, based on the basis of field investigation and laboratory analysis. The results indicated that the deterioration of building materials should be attributed to their basic properties, including density, particle size distribution, soluble salts, mineral, mechanical strength, etc., and interaction with environmental factors. And then, four main deterioration modes can be identified, namely: wind-related deterioration, water-related deterioration, temperature-related deterioration and chemical related deterioration. It can be concluded that the greatest deterioration was wind-related deterioration on west-north facing facades, and chemical related deterioration on the surface of building materials. more...
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- 2013
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7. Light weight concrete of Yangshao Period of China: The earliest concrete in the world
- Author
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Linyi Zhao, Li Li, and ZuiXiong Li
- Subjects
Nut ,Cement ,Aggregate (composite) ,Manufacturing process ,General Engineering ,Mineralogy ,engineering.material ,Silicate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Concretion ,Period (geology) ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Pottery ,Geology - Abstract
During 1970s, the residential remains of the Yangshao Period were discovered at the Dadiwan site in Qin’an County, Gansu Province, China. With carbon-14 dating, scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermal expansion analyzer, polarizing microscope (PLM), and X ray diffraction (XRD), the microstructures and chemical compositions of the pottery shard, floor materials of the housing site, kunkur, calcined kunkur, ginger nut (calcium concretion) from the Dadiwan site were analyzed and researched. Analysis and simulation tests were also carried out to study the hydratability of calcined ginger nut and calcined kunkur, and the manufacturing process of the residential floors. The research shows that the floor was made of a light concrete formed by the mixture of aggregate of calcinated ginger nut (locally deposited), red clay and kunkur. The dicalcium silicate (C2S) from the floor material of the housing site is one of the main constituents of modern cement, and the floor is also similar to modern concrete in nature. Therefore, the floor material of the housing site at the Dadiwan site was the earliest man-made concrete in the world ever discovered. more...
- Published
- 2012
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8. Conservation of Jiaohe ancient earthen site in China
- Author
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Wenwu Chen, Huyuan Zhang, Qinglin Guo, Zuixiong Li, Manli Sun, and Xudong Wang
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arid areas ,Engineering ,Ancient city ,business.industry ,conservation technology ,Jiaohe Ancient City ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Arid ,Cultural heritage ,Deformation monitoring ,earthen site ,Geotechnical engineering ,business ,China - Abstract
Earthen sites, which are mainly made of earth, are cultural heritages with historical, artistic and scientific values. Many extremely valuable earthen sites have been preserved in the arid areas in China. The earthen site of Jiaohe Ancient City is one of the earliest National Protected Important Cultural Heritage Sites. The Jiaohe Ancient City site exhibits all kinds of deteriorations, which can be found in the earthen sites in arid environments in China. Through a case study of the Jiaohe ancient earthen site, we present in this paper the comprehensive conservation technologies, including the mud bricklaying and reparation, wooden rod anchorage, crack grouting, surface potassium silicate (PS) penetration consolidation, and suspended steel beam ceiling, etc. Results of this case study showed that better conservation effects could be achieved by selecting proper PS penetration and crack grouting processes based on the deterioration characteristics of the earthen sites. The technology of mud bricklaying and reparation was also an effective method for preventing the earthen body from collapsing. Compared with traditional conservation technologies, the suspended steel beam ceiling technology could effectively reduce the negative impacts to the original state of the earthen site. As for unstable cliffs, a new method using composite anchor rod of bamboo and steel with massive loose earth was applied. Deformation monitoring and temporary supports were critical and indispensable measures for the safe of site conservation projects. Through years of monitoring and practical operation at the Jiaohe ancient earthen site, deterioration at the site has been effectively controlled. more...
- Published
- 2011
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9. Preservation of earthen heritage sites on the Silk Road, northwest China from the impact of the environment
- Author
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Sijing Wang, Mingshen Shao, Li Li, and Zuixiong Li
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Hydrology ,Global and Planetary Change ,Soil Science ,Geology ,Storm ,Present day ,Pollution ,Cultural heritage ,Environmental protection ,Environmental engineering science ,Erosion ,Environmental Chemistry ,Aeolian processes ,Environmental impact assessment ,China ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
The Silk Road played an important role in the economic and cultural exchanges between central China, Europe and Central Asia. A number of heritage sites with significant values still remain throughout the Gobi Desert and other desert regions in Northwest China. Most of the heritage sites composed of adobeern materials and the earthen structures have been impacted by adverse environmental conditions for thousands of years causing severe damage with only a small proportion of the structures left surviving to the present day. Analysis of the main environmental factors affecting the heritage sites such as temperature difference, wind storms, rain storms, and the freeze–thaw process and a study of the mechanism of the deterioration are the main topics presented in this paper. The authors have concluded that a Potassium–Silica solution PS invented by one of the authors has been effective in improving the intrinsic properties of heritage site earthen structures with regard to reducing the impact of environmental damage. The results of comparative tests show that samples treated by using the PS solution have performed well, particularly in protecting structures from aeolian erosion and heavy rainfall. Some findings on the effect of PS treatment on earthen structures at heritage sites are discussed in detail in the present paper. more...
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- 2010
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10. Damage and conservation of the high cliff on the Northern area of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, China
- Author
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Qinglin Guo, Shan-long Yang, Zuixiong Li, Huyuan Zhang, and Xudong Wang
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geography ,Sculpture ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Cave ,Cliff ,Buddhist art ,Poison control ,Landslide ,Treasure ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,China ,Archaeology ,Geomorphology - Abstract
The Mogao Grottoes have 750 caves, 45,000 m2 of wall paintings, 2,415 painted sculptures, five wooden temple fronts from the Tang and Song dynasties, and thousands of columns with carved designs of lotus flowers and ornamental tiles. The Mogao Grottoes are one of the largest and best-preserved Buddhist art treasure houses in the world. The diverse range of wall paintings and sculptures and the profound and varied Buddhist art at the site prompted UNESCO to list the grottoes as a World Heritage Site for its cultural values. The Mogao Grottoes consist of two areas: the Southern Grottoes Area and the Northern Grottoes Area. Almost all the Buddhist art treasures are located in the southern area. The northern area is mainly where the monks and the creators of the arts of Dunhuang resided. In this paper, the causes of damage to the grottoes are analyzed by investigating the geohazards occurring on the side slopes on the high cliff in the northern zone. This paper will analyze the causes of deterioration through the investigation of deterioration in the upper section of the cliff face and goes on to discuss the main causes of deterioration of the cliff body: the development of fissures, wind erosion, rain erosion, and flood scouring. The following measures have been undertaken to deal with the above problems: bolt anchoring, grouting of fissures, use of bracing supports in some areas, and stabilization of caves and cliff face. Through the above measures, the upper section of the upper face in the northern zone has been effectively treated according to the principles of “restoration to historic condition and not altering the historic appearance.” more...
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- 2009
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11. Hydrogeological survey and satellite remote sensing in the Dunhuang area
- Author
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Keigo Koizumi, Xudong Wang, Chunze Piao, Chikaosa Tanimoto, Zuixiong Li, and Qinglin Guo
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geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Hydrogeology ,Recrystallization (geology) ,Tectonics ,Cave ,Satellite remote sensing ,Cliff ,Geological survey ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Geomorphology ,Groundwater ,Geology ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Mogao Grottos are located at the eastern foot of the Mingsha Mountain, 25 km southeast of Dunhuang City. The caves were excavated into the cliff on the west bank of the Daquan River. The wall paintings in the caves are subject to the severe deterioration generated by recrystallization of salt. It relates with the movement of water/moisture in rock formation. Through the satellite image analysis and geological survey, it has been clarified that the movement of ground water is governed by the fault system. The geographical nature is specified by the aggressive tectonic movement from the south. more...
- Published
- 2003
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12. A lightweight composite panel for the repair of cave roofs at the Mogao grottoes, China
- Author
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Agnew, Neville, primary, Lin, Po-Ming, additional, Zuixiong, Li, additional, and Xudong, Wang, additional
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- 1999
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13. Experimental study on the consolidation of fragile porous stone with potassium silicate for the conservation of cave temples in china
- Author
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Nishiura, Tadateru, primary and Zuixiong, Li, additional
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- 1988
- Full Text
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