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This research study presents a comparative study between the quarter and the semester systems in the technical institutes, in terms of scheduling, training, and utilizing the training resources such as classrooms/halls capacity and employing the instructors. The size of the study sample was represented by the total number of students in classrooms/halls for the study courses in the quarter system by 8836 students distributed over 363 sections. While in the semester system 10360 students distributed over 358 sections. Thus, a comparison was made based on one training year between the two training systems for basic skills courses. The samples were used to know the effect of class capacity and teaching loads on the training system by making initial comparisons, and statistical tools were used where averages of class capacity and teaching loads were calculated to know the status and trends of the data using the plot box. In addition to descriptive statistics (Two samples F-test for variance) and finally, (t-test: Two samples assuming unequal variance) were selected. The p-value less than 0.05 of single-tailed confirmed that classroom capacity and instructors’ load were higher in the semester system compared to the quarter system.

Information and communication technology (ICT) have profound influence in the modern world such that it has taken every sphere of life today. The advent of ICT has made the all activities relating to human and material resources utilize unto optimum level and making every aspect of life easier. In these days, the use of latest ICT technology like digital finger print identification, surveillance camera, and radiofrequency identificationdevices ensure transparency and identity fraud. However, existing manual recruitment process in Sindh Police of Pakistanhas been disputed at various platforms to ensure transparency. There have been several issues such as physical document identification and verification, physical tests, such as, running, jumping, obstaclesoverpassing, finger printsneed to be transparent and apparent to respective authorities and aspirants during the recruitment process. Therefore, the purpose of this research article isto identify existing issues in current recruitment process. It provides appropriate solutions for fare recruitment process in Sindh Police Pakistan. This research isintended to Development of an Optimized Digital E-Recruitment Model of Sindh Policefor Sindh Police connectedto National Database & Registration Authority (NADARA) of Pakistan to verify aspirants’ identity online, monitor their physical tests using RFID, surveillance cameras, GPS enabled bracelets generating automated digital reports of all aspirants, ensuring transparency and fairness in recruitment system ofSindh Police of Pakistan.

An experimentally validated CFD model was developed for lab-scale arsenic (As) fixed-bed columns using COMSOL Multiphysics. The effects of key factors such as the adsorbent bed depth, the feed flow rate, and the initial As concentration (conc.) on the overall As removal performance were investigated. Subsequently, the CFD was combined with response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize process conditions and examine main and interaction effects of these factors on model responses, i.e., the As removal efficiency and the bed saturation time. The ANOVA results suggested that quadratic regression models were highly significant for both responses. The established regression model equations predicted the response values closer to CFD measurements. It was found that, compared with the initial As conc. and the feed flow rate, the effect of the bed depth was more significant. Moreover, both the As removal efficiency and the bed saturation time were increased reasonably with the increasing bed depth and decreased with the increasing feed flow rate and initial As conc. The optimum conditions for the As removal process were obtained as the bed height of 80 cm, the initial As concentration of 2.7 mmol/m3, and the feed flow rate of 1 L/min. The present combined CFD−RSM approach is a useful guideline in overall design and optimization of various lab-scale and industrial applications for removal of As from wastewater.

Arsenic is a carcinogenic element capable to get into water bodies and drinking water supplies from natural deposits and industrial practices. Its presence in drinking underground water is highly toxic to human health. The study is focused on the development of indigenous Iron-Coated Pottery Granules (ICPG) to remove As from groundwater of Hala City. The developed ICPG was agitated with local clay white flour and water. A low-cost adsorbent namely ICPG was synthesized for the expulsion of As from underground water. The ICGP was characterized with SEM and FTIR techniques. Furthermore, the impact of physical parameters including adsorbate concentration, dosage, mixing time, pH, and contact time on As removal efficiency was investigated in batch experiments. The maximum removal efficiency was achieved with an adsorbent dosage of 0.5 grams at pH =7 for a contact time of 90 minutes when agitated at a speed of 150 r/min. The arsenic removal efficiency was found highly dependent on contact time increase and optimum pH (maximum removal achieved at strong adsorption of As at pH 4–7), however, the rise of adsorbate concentration resulted in the decrement in the efficiency after certain range. Batch adsorption study of underground water sample collected from Hala, Sindh, Pakistan was performed with satisfactory results, i.e. 94 arsenic removal from water. All the water samples were analyzed through atomic absorption Spectrophotometer. The investigation has indicated that ICPG is an exceptionally favourable material for As removal from drinking underground water and can be applied to handle the arsenic issue in most of the regions of Sindh province.

Chromium being a carcinogenic element present in drinking water in the less developed areas in the poor countries contributes to many infectious diseases. The removal of chromium traces from water needs to have an easy and efficient way for poor countries. Concerning this, a low-cost industrial bio-adsorbent based on bagasse (the sugar industry waste) is prepared and characterized for Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions. Preparation of the absorbent is performed by carbonization and steam activation of sugarcane bagasse (SCB). The FTIR spectra and the morphology of the adsorbent before and after Cr (VI) removal was studied using FTIR and SEM. All the experiments were carried out in a batch process with laboratory-prepared samples to study the effects of pH, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, shaking time and shaking speed. It was observed that the highest removal efficiency was achieved at pH=2, adsorbent dose=0.75 g, adsorbate concentration=60 mg/L, shaking speed=150 rpm, and shaking time=20 minutes. These results suggest that this bio-adsorbent can provide a simple, effective, and cheap method for removing Cr (VI) ions from effluents and water resources.

Social commerce is a new perspective change in modern electronic business procedures bringing together individuals on social media sites and opens up another electronic social marketing channel to establish business. In developing countries like Pakistan, e-business can help organizations using social commerce and social marketing intelligently on particular social network sites to grasp their business clients while they are interacting with their online community on the social media sites. This study investigated consumers’ behavior towards adoption of social commerce and introduced a revised and extended social commerce technology model. The investigation proved the proposed model is valid by confirming loading factor, Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO), reliability analysis, and structural equation modeling approach for hypotheses tests. The study found Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Social Media Influence (SMI), and Risk (RI) have significant impact on social commerce adoption in e-business of Pakistan. More, Trust (TR) and Web experience (WXP) were insignificant that revealed the preventive behavior towards adoption of social commerce in e-business of Pakistan.

Dioxiranes are three-membered strained ring peroxides that are typical archetype examples of electrophilic entities. A dioxirane-based oxidant named 3-methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane (TFDO) is a fluorinated analogue of the extremely valuable oxidant dimethyldioxirane (DMDO). Owing to the strained threemembered ring and presence of electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl group, TFDO is several times more reactive than DMDO and acts as a significant chemical reagent. Moreover, TFDO exhibits high regio-, chemo- and stereo-selectivity even under unusual reaction conditions, i.e. at pH values close to neutrality and at subambient temperatures. The TFDO transfers an oxygen atom to “unactivated” carbon-hydrogen bonds of alkanes as well as to the double bonds of alkenes and also helps in oxidation of compounds containing heteroatoms having a lone pair of electrons, such as sulfides and amines. TFDO-mediated oxidation is considered to be one of the main procedures in the 21st century for the synthesis of oxygen-containing organic molecules. This review throws light on the applications of TFDO in organic syntheses to provide an insight into the future research and gives a comprehensive summary of the selective functionalization of activated and non-activated organic compounds.

The colleges and institutes sector Royal Commission Jubail (JCIS) represents four higher educational institutes namely, Jubail University College (JUC) for male and for female, Jubail Industrial College (JIC), and Jubail Technical Institute (JTI). All of the institutions are under one patronage General Manager of JCIS. Several courses are very similar in content and delivery offered at all institutes. ELearning is the ideal form of delivery for higher education students in JCIS. This study aims to explore the specific factors affecting successful implementa-tion of eLearning as major barriers at JCIS. This research will extend the existing theoretical model Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and develop an extend-ed model of eLearning for successful implementation and adoption of eLearning solutions at colleges and institutes sector of Royal Commission Jubail. The study will attempt to investigate the various barriers those affect the successful imple-mentation of eLearning in the sector. It is also expected that this research study will provide strategies for academicians in the development and implementation of online courses. In this research study, quantitative research approach would be applied which may utilize instrument survey questionnaire (for students, teachers, and management) from all colleges and institutes of the sector.

The current situation of Pakistan is reaching to an alarming situation in context of polluting water bodies as well as groundwater due to various natural and anthropogenic activities, which can be foreseen for shortage and unavailability of safe and heathy drinking water for the population. The greater part of Pakistani individuals (almost 60%) living underneath the neediness line so they don't move toward perfect and safe drinking water supplies. Arsenic is one of the hazardous metals presents in various territories of Pakistan as well as in various zones of the world. Its essence strokes individuals' wellbeing by sullying the water. This experimental adsorption study emphasizes on the arsenic removal from drinking water by utilizing cost-effective adsorbent called "Iron Coated Chitosan Beads (ICCB)". This technique is more useful and effective when contrasted with different removal methodologies to remove arsenic from groundwater. Iron Coated Chitosan Beads (ICCB) was utilized and it was discovered a compelling and productive adsorbent for the removal of arsenic from groundwater. From all clump tests, the removal level of arsenic is achieved from 79 % to 98%. These results demonstrated that ICCB can be utilized as a productive adsorbent material for the removal of arsenic from water.

As the majority of online networking on the Internet, opinion mining has turned into a fundamental way to deal with investigating such huge numbers of information. Different applications show up in an extensive variety of modern areas. In the interim, opinions have various pronunciations which bring along investigate challenges. The research challenges make opinion mining a dynamic research region recently. In this paper, Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques for opinion mining and sentiment analysis are reviewed. Initially NLP is reviewed then briefed about its common and useful preprocessing steps also. In this paper opinion mining for various levels are analyzed and reviewed. At the end issues are identified and some recommendation are suggested for opinion mining and-sentiment-analysis.

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) applications are becoming more intensive than before and show great prospective for rapid data entry, but has limited success when applied to the Sindhi language. This paper summarize the general topic of optical character recognition and highlights the characteristics of Sindhi script. It also presents an historical review of the Sindhi text recognition systems. More this paper underline the capabilities of different OCR systems, and then introduce a five stage model for off-line printed Sindhi text recognition systems and classify research work according to this model.

Social media makes ultimate building blocks in the development of novel approach in e-business of Pakistan with conjuncture of Web 2.0. Social media has a variety of application domains, including social commerce. S-commerce is redesigning modern e-business with promising economic, technological and social outcrops. Customers keep their expectation higher always, so precisely all businesses are trying to exceed the customers' expectations with pre and post-sale interaction on social networking sites like Facebook or Twitter accounts. Customers can interact, look and compare company products' reviews and feedback in their social circle friends or friends of friends. This paper proposes a survey about prospects of social commerce in e-business of Pakistan. In addition, this paper would propose a research framework to foster future e-business opportunities, challenges and provide the solutions to build up buyers' trust as well as to enhance the interactive online buying process in local e-business of Pakistan using social media.

A global, immersive, invisible, ambient network-computing environment built through the continued proliferation of smart sensors, cameras, software, databases, and massive data centers in a world-spanning information fabric known as the Internet of Things. The idea is to live in connected world. Altogether varieties of connected objects from smart home appliances like televisions, laundry machines, thermostats, refrigerators to Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) are going to conserve the potential of IoT connectivity in all paces of future smart world. However, it has high importance to preserve adherence of enormous benefits of IoT connectivity, which might lead to unseen security and privacy issues and vulnerabilities that will cause various malicious attacks including waterhole, ransomware, eavesdropping, and others to exploit the potential of smart objects. This paper will present and forecast advanced concepts for end-to end security and privacy issues in a highly distributed, heterogeneous and dynamic network of IoT devices, which may reveal a holistic approach of device identification, authentication, and management, security, and privacy concerns.

Samples of date fruit was collected from Khairpur Mir’s district and examined for antioxidant activity, for this purpose extract was prepared in different diluents like Methanol+Water (50:50), methanol and water by using DPPH assay. It was observed from data that all the extract have impressive antioxidant ability against free radicals. Among them solution have more ability to ramp the free radicals. From data, it was concluded that Gajar Wari is more active as it possess lowest IC50 value (20.022 μg/mL in Methanol) then rest of other date varieties at final stage in solution as well as Aseel variety also possesses lowest IC50 value (18.33 μg/mL), there for have more ability against free radicals in methanol at second stage.

The Future technology Internet of Things (IoT) has immense prospects to improve future health care and its related issues to delivery, management, and development. IoT is a network founded on the use of sensors, actuators, beams, RFID devices and software in things that can transform the future healthcare into pervasive healthcare. IoT-based healthcare can improve the delivery of healthcare services efficiently and innovatively by growing huge volume of patients' data (big data) that can invoke proactive, predictive decisions and insights in future healthcare of Pakistan. The health sector in Pakistan is confronting a number of challenges, including rising steeply costs; amplified aged population; chronic disease due to contemporary lifestyle; a growing incidence of medical errors, inadequate technical staffing, and lack of coverage and medical professionals in rural and underserved areas. The research paper intends to contribute to the community, medical professionals (doctors, support staff, health administrator) and end-users of proposed system with the development of ubiquitous healthcare framework specifically in rural and underserved areas of Pakistan. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the acceptance and use of IoT in the healthcare system by medical professionals, clinicians and patients in Pakistan in the precision of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT), and Health Belief Model (HBM). This paper extends the existing research to study IoT-based healthcare acceptance, HBM will be contextualized with the assimilation of UTAUT model constructs to assess the acceptance study in general health sector of Pakistan. It is also expected that this research study will help in providing solutions to improve prevailing healthcare conditions of rural and underserved areas in Pakistan. In this research study triangulation, which is mix mode of research methodology involves both quantitative and qualitative research, will be used to achieve all the research objectives and test the research hypothesis. This research will be using cluster sampling for data collection.

The motivation behind the study is to incorporate Health Belief Model (HBM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model alongside trust and doctor-patient relationship keeping the ultimate objective to investigate the affirmation of IoT-based health services framework. In order to understand technological, and clinical context the proposed framework of this study is a synthesis of UTAUT, and HBM theories respectively, finally trust and doctor-patient relation factors are used to measure individual and patients' perspective about IoT-based health care systems. The proposed framework is validated with a pilot study of 40 respondents from five thickly populated cities of Pakistan. The findings verified that the proposed framework is appropriate to implement with empirical data. Based on the confirmation of the most familiar both theories, in health framework, this study demonstrates Perceived Health Risk which is composed of two independent factors, Perceived Susceptibility (PSS) and Perceived Severity (PS) have a significantly positive effect on cues to action. While in a technological context, Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Social Influence (SI), and Facilitating Conditions (FC) have a jointly significant positive effect on cues to action to use behavior. Furthermore, both trust and doctor-patient relationship have also a positive effect on cues to action to use behavior. The instrument questionnaire adopted cluster sampling, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to validate and test the hypotheses. The findings may be used and generalized to other similar population as a theoretical basis to improve the health care services of developing countries like Pakistan.

Seen through the lens of the educational sector, social media grew to become a vital source of academic learning. The learning through social media occurs mainly through the collaborative approach to information sharing, where the web-based social networking sites provide the optimal platform for knowledge enhancing among colleagues, co-workers, and others. Developed economies have already recognized the significant value of learning through social media. However, developing economies such as Pakistan did not yet interpret future implications and real benefits of social media aided learning. This research focuses on determining significant factors through an integrated framework that features broadly recognized technology models such as Technology acceptance model (TAM) and Innovation diffusion theory (IDT). The subjects of the framework testing were students in higher education institutions that use social media, and the sample size was 350 students. Data analysis results, reached via SPSS software, were substantially in favour of extended model. Results reached through this study, in terms of factors with a significant influence on social media acceptance rate in Pakistani higher education institutions, are particularly crucial for students in the field of education, located in developing countries. This should assist the increasing acceptance and use of technological solutions, benefiting both faculty and students.