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Abstract Background In Malaysia, despite a decline in cases, malaria remains a major public health concern, especially among the vulnerable indigenous people (i.e. Orang Asli) in remote areas. Effective preventive and control measures require an evidence-based understanding of their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the KAP regarding malaria in an indigenous settlement in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods A household-based cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2024 in six Semai sub-ethnic indigenous villages in Pos Lenjang, Kuala Lipis, Pahang. A structured questionnaire was administered to randomly selected individuals (≥ 12 years old) to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics and KAP. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and predictors of KAP were determined using logistic regression. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 267 individuals from 160 households were interviewed. Nearly half had good knowledge (49.4%) and positive attitudes (54.3%) towards malaria, with high practice scores for prevention and control (83.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed higher odds of good knowledge in those aged 40–59 years (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] = 6.90, p = 0.034), with primary (aOR = 2.67, p = 0.015) or secondary education (aOR = 2.75, p = 0.019), and with previous malaria history (aOR = 5.14, p

Bifacial Photovoltaic Thermal (B-PVT) technologies have seen significant advancements in sustainable energy production by converting solar energy into useful electric and thermal energies simultaneously. The present study explored the optimisation of these systems by first performing sensitivity analysis on design parameters to identify key variables affecting their performance efficiencies. The system design and performance were then studied simultaneously using a multi-objective optimisation algorithm NSGA-II. It was found that increasing packing factors from 0.4 to 0.8 leads to a 15% increase in both electrical and thermal efficiencies, while an asymmetry in channel depths could lead to an 8% increase in thermal efficiency. Key design parameters such as transmissivity cover, mass flow rate, packing factors and channel depth ratios were found to have the most significant influence on overall system performance. Multi-objective optimisation of design variables results in a Pareto front describing trade-offs between solutions of conflicting objectives of performance. Optimisation with preferences towards overall efficiency over temperature differential produces solutions with a high overall efficiency yield of 70.79%, requiring specific values for mass flow rate (0.197 kg/s) and channel ratio (0.129), however at the expense of a reduced temperature differential of 5.12oC. Solutions with a balanced preference towards both objectives could produce a solution that is less biased in performance.

Abstract This study explores disparities and opportunities in healthcare information provided by AI chatbots. We focused on recommendations for adjuvant therapy in endometrial cancer, analyzing responses across four regions (Indonesia, Nigeria, Taiwan, USA) and three platforms (Bard, Bing, ChatGPT-3.5). Utilizing previously published cases, we asked identical questions to chatbots from each location within a 24-h window. Responses were evaluated in a double-blinded manner on relevance, clarity, depth, focus, and coherence by ten experts in endometrial cancer. Our analysis revealed significant variations across different countries/regions (p

The paper proposes a process to translate systemic grand challenges of agricultural supply chain into company specific operationalization actions. The objectives of this study are to elucidate the requisite stages of the process, delineate the specific aspects addressed by each step, and present potential methodologies employed throughout the process. The approach adopted in this paper is inherently constructive, employing a mixed methodology that integrates various methods and tools. Furthermore, 90 challenges of agricultural supply chain are delineated and structured around 6 themes. The strength of evidence of the challenges is then analyzed with a model that takes into account the number and types of references in which the challenges are mentioned and found, respectively. The study identified 21 challenges as “evident” and proceeded to the next step for quality function deployment. Finally, operationalization actions, including cooperating with other stakeholders of the supply chain, regulators, and farmers were determined to tackle critical first mile challenges for the case company. The paper makes a distinctive contribution by presenting a comprehensive framework for translating systemic agricultural supply chain challenges into actionable steps, uniquely addressing the intersection of intricate challenges and sustainability imperatives. This novel approach does not only advance the understanding of operationalization but also underscores the vital role of sustainability in navigating the complexities of modern agricultural supply chains.

This article presents the challenges associated with the triumvirate concept as an interim presidential arrangement in Indonesia and alternative statutory regulations. This normative legal research was performed to determine whether Indonesia's current triumvirate arrangement adequately addresses extraordinary events such as a vacuum of power. The statute approach and the comparative approach were employed in this research. The results showed that Indonesia's triumvirate arrangements are insufficient and comparatively simplistic when contrasted with other countries employing similar concepts. To strengthen Indonesia's framework, it is crucial to examine the regulatory frameworks of comparable nations, with a particular focus on insights from Gabon and Austria.

The "Merdeka Curriculum" has influenced the implementation of learning in schools. This research aims to examine the implementation of history education within the Merdeka Curriculum. The research method used is a literature study by analyzing previous research related to the topic. The research findings indicate that there are still many challenges in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum in history education. Teachers, as the primary facilitators of learning, lack a comprehensive understanding of the Merdeka Curriculum concept; they face limitations in developing interactive teaching methods and models; there is a shortage of supporting learning resources; and there is insufficient socialization, training, and mentoring in the implementation of history education within the Merdeka Curriculum.

Pillarization of bentonites (from East Java) with ZnO semiconductors has been synthesized using co-precipitation methods into a ZnO/Bentonite composite and applied as a catalyst in a photocatalytic process to remove Methyl Orange (MO) dyes. The optimum pH condition of MO dyes is at pH 2 with a degradation rate of 22.91% (from 15 mg/L to 11.523 mg/L). The optimum ZnO/Bentonite catalyst weight condition is 200 mg, with a degradation rate of 29.11% (from 15 mg/L to 10.596 mg/L). The optimum time condition for UV lamp irradiation is 60 minutes, with a degradation rate of 64.92% (from 15 mg/L to 5.244 mg/L). The kinetics of MO photocatalytic reaction using ZnO/Bentonite catalyst follows the pseudo-first-order Langmuir Hinshelwood-Santosa kinetic model with photocatalytic reaction rate constant (k1) of 0.014 and photocatalytic equilibrium constant (K) of 0.012.

Supercapacitors present a compelling alternative to conventional batteries, offering rapid energy storage and high power density. Despite their advantages, they typically fall short in energy density compared to traditional batteries, primarily due to limitations in electrode materials. Graphene Aerogels (GA) have emerged as a promising solution to enhance supercapacitor performance because of their unique properties, such as high surface area and excellent conductivity. This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in GA technology, focusing on their synthesis methods and applications in supercapacitors. It highlights significant improvements that GA can bring to Electric Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors. Additionally, the review explores GA's potential for enhancing electric generators and integrating into flexible, wearable technologies. Future research directions are emphasised, particularly regarding GA’s potential applications in waste management and environmental protection. The review was conducted through a thorough literature search, prioritising peer-reviewed sources related to GA synthesis and supercapacitor applications. Methodological quality and potential biases of the included studies were assessed using principles similar to the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Thematic analysis was employed to synthesise findings and identify key trends and challenges. Limitations such as potential biases and methodological variations are discussed. Overall, this review highlights the technological prospects of GA and provides guidance for future research in supercapacitor development and applications.

Issues on climate change, global warming, renewable energy, food security, forest conservation, sustainable marine life resources, and protecting wildlife are becoming central issues for the world community these days. Many studies on sustainable development programs have been made by many researchers, UN Agencies, governmental and NGOs to come up with alternative solutions, and strategies, in approaching sustainable development issues. Therefore, this study is going to explore the role of Hadih Maja as one of Acehnese Oral Tradition and the local wisdom of Aceh indigenous societies in Sumatra which is in line with their cultural heritage to maintain the sustainability of their life and natural resources, which finally lead to reach the UN SDGs 2030 Agenda. The method of this study is a literature review by implementing the ecocriticism approach. The result of this study has proven that the content of the Hadih Maja has met the concept of Sustainable Forest Conservation and Sustainable Wild Life Conservation which relate to the UN SDGs category, number 1, 2, 6, 11, 12, 14, 15, and 17 that can be used as a basis formula in designing a new action plan to support the UN SDGs 2030 Agendas.

IntroductionAnaemia remains a primary concern of public health in developing countries. Indigenous populations are a significant and frequently underreported group at risk for anaemia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anaemia and identify its determinants in the Temiar sub-ethnic indigenous Orang Asli (OA) community in Peninsular Malaysia.MethodologyA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 640 indigenous Temiar OA participants from a remote settlement in Gua Musang, Kelantan, Malaysia. Data was collected using face-to-face interviews with a standardised pretested questionnaire and through blood samples collected for haemoglobin (Hb) testing. Anaemia status was determined using the Hb level cut-off established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Descriptive analysis was used to determine the prevalence of anaemia, while multiple logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with anaemia.ResultsThe overall anaemia prevalence was 44.7% (286/640), and the prevalence rates of mild, moderate and severe anaemia were 42.7, 50.7 and 6.6%, respectively. Anaemia-specific prevalence varied significantly by age group (p 40 (aOR 0.25, p

The escalating environmental concerns associated with plastic waste have intensified the search for sustainable waste management solutions. Plastic dispersion in the environment poses severe threats to ecosystems, human well-being, and agriculture. Consequently, addressing plastic pollution stands as a pressing ecological concern. In contrast, the adoption of sustainable solar energy is harnessed for the production of HHO (Oxy-Hydrogen) gas, offering a promising avenue for clean energy generation. Gas production is achieved through the process of electrolysis, utilizing solar panels as the primary energy source. To address storage challenges, a spiral pipe configuration is employed for the interim containment of the generated HHO gas. Given the highly flammable nature of HHO gas, stringent safety protocols are imperative throughout the production and storage phases. To ensure the safe handling of HHO gas, a sophisticated MQ-8 Sensor is employed for real-time leak detection within the gas containment system. This sensor plays a critical role in maintaining operational safety by promptly identifying and addressing any potential gas leaks that may arise within the tubing infrastructure. The HHO gas, generated through the electrolysis process, serves as the primary fuel for the pyrolysis of plastic. This optimization is crucial to maximize the efficiency of the pyrolysis process. As a result of the pyrolysis process, crude oil is produced as an intermediary product. This crude oil holds the potential for subsequent refinement, offering versatility for various applications and end uses. Hence, the integration of solar energy-driven HHO gas in the pyrolysis of plastic demonstrates a promising avenue for mitigating plastic waste and contributing to environmental cleanliness. The intricate technological aspects, ranging from gas production through electrolysis, leak detection, optimized combustion, to crude oil production and refinement, collectively establish a comprehensive framework for sustainable waste management and resource recovery.

This study investigates the primary challenges and potential solutions in the religious guidance of converts (muallaf) in Tanjung Beringin Village, Tanah Karo, North Sumatra. Utilizing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation. This study showed that the absence of continuous religious guidance, combined with the lack of permanent da’i, has weakened the religious understanding and enthusiasm among the converts. Additionally, parental neglect in supporting their children's religious education exacerbates this issue. The study proposes several solutions, including establishing collaborations with Islamic organizations and da'wah institutions to provide alternating da’i, appointing permanent Islamic religious instructors, revitalizing basic Islamic studies, and enhancing parental involvement in religious education. These measures aim to strengthen the religious identity and resilience of the convert community against external influences.

Ornamental plants are a type of plant that provides additional aesthetic value. One of the ornamental plants that is currently trending and popular with consumers is the aglaonema flower. Humans always need the aglaonema flower ornamental plant to fulfill consumer satisfaction. The research aims to determine the level of consumer satisfaction with the seller of aglaonema ornamental plants in Tulus Rejo Village, Pekalongan District, East Lampung Regency. The research location is in Rejo Ikhlas Village, Pekalongan District, East Lampung Regency with the consideration that this area is a production center for sales of aglaonema flower ornamental plants. The research respondents were 30 consumers who bought Aglaonema flowers from within and outside the Pekalongan area, determined by the census method. The sampling technique was accidental sampling technique. The analysis used is Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). The results of the research on the sale of decorative aglaonema flower plants in Tulus Rejo Village, Pekalongan District, East Lampung Regency are in the "satisfied" category, this can be seen from the calculation CSI of 71.20 percent, which means consumers are satisfied with the seller of aglaonema ornamental plants on the attributes of aglaonema ornamental plants having good quality and quality so that they succeed in satisfying consumers of aglaonema ornamental plants.

Currently, the coffee business is becoming a trend in the market. So determining the right packaging design is an important thing to plan. The product development method that has been proven optimal is Kansei engineering. This study compares the results of developing ready-to-drink coffee packaging (cold and hot) with the Kansei engineering method based on consumer emotions. Kansei engineering is a powerfull method that can translate consumer needs into design elements. This method is supported by several multivariate statistical methods and artificial intelligence methods. The results obtained for a cold coffee drink are 25 packaged samples and 30 Kansei words, while 20 samples and 20 Kansei words for a hot coffee drink. The packaging design concepts for a cold coffee drink obtained from Kansei word extraction using the principal component analysis (PCA) method are "standard-attractive" and "unique-general." While the packaging design concepts for a hot coffee drink using the term frequency-inverse document frequency (TFIDF) method and factor analysis are "premium-modern" and "natural-elegant." based on the quantification theory type-1 (QTT1) method, the packaging design elements from the “unique-general” concept for a cold coffee drink are obtained, namely: wooden packaging lids with distinctive bottle mouths, The neck of the pack is straight and short, The packaging body resembles a sake bottle, the bottom of the pack is slightly concave in the middle, plastic packaging materials, and uninformative label design. While the “premium-modern" concepts for a hot coffee drink using the rough set method has packaging elements, namely, there is a sleeve or none at all, with a reclosable hole top, flat bottom, rounded/convex body, direct print decoration, and with decorative fonts. In contrast, the “natural-elegant” concept has packaging elements without reclosable holes, straight body, paper cup material, light colors, no image, and decorative fonts.the emotional interpretation of the object strongly influences the application of Kansei engineering.

Literature serves as a reflective medium that captures and articulates the intricacies of social reality, providing a profound portrayal of real-life phenomena. It functions as a vital record, encapsulating the observations and perceptions of individuals in their lived experiences. In essence, literature is an eloquent description of life itself. This study specifically delves into the exploration of personalities within the context of the play "The Glass Menagerie" by Tennessee Williams, elucidating the significance of the characters' actions. To achieve a nuanced understanding, this research adopts personality theories to delineate the distinctive traits of the main characters and draws upon psychological and motivational theories to discern the underlying meanings of their actions. Employing a qualitative descriptive method with content analysis, the study aims to fulfill its research objectives, namely, providing detailed characterizations of Amanda, Tom, and Laura Wingfield, and unraveling the meanings and implied messages conveyed through their actions. The analytical process involves the systematic collection, scrutiny, and interpretation of data, culminating in well-grounded conclusions. The findings of this research shed light on various personalities, actions, and the implicit messages embedded in the conduct of the main characters, namely Laura, Tom, and Amanda Wingfield. Notably, the study identifies Laura as a character predominantly influenced by her Id, while Tom and Amanda are portrayed as personalities shaped by their Egos. The outcomes of this investigation contribute valuable insights that can inform the implementation of drama-based learning. By engaging with and appreciating literary works, students stand to enhance not only their language proficiency but also cultivate a sense of comfort and familiarity with the nuanced complexities of human behavior and interpersonal dynamics.

Background: Stunting is a growth disorder experienced by young people whose length or height is not appropriate to their age according to the standards set by the WHO. UNICEF data for 2018 showed that almost 3 out of 10 young children have stunts or are too short for their age. Pangkajene and the Islands Regency showed a stunting prevalence of 29.10% or the highest in South Sulawesi Province in 2018. The Hope Family Program (PKH) is a conditional social assistance program that aims to improve the standard of living of KPM through access to education, health and welfare services as well as reducing the burden of expenditure and increasing the income of poor and vulnerable families. Purpose: To find out the relationship between Family Development Session health education and stunting incidents in Family Hope Program recipients in Pangkajene and the Islands regency. Methods: This study used an observational research approach with a crosectional model. The data was collected using a questionnaire with Family Development Session variables, food management pattern and BBLR history. The data collected was then analyzed using chi-square analysis. Results: Out of 71 respondents who came from recipients of the Hope Family Program, 36 children (51%) suffered stunting and 35 children (49%) did not. Conclusion: There is a significant link between health education Family Development Session, food management pattern and LBW history with stunting incidents in Pangkajene and the Islands Regency (p < 0.05).

Certain students still have difficulty understanding the lessons given by the teacher. Expository learning is a learning approach that emphasizes the process of conveying material to a group of students orally. The goal is to improve students' ability to learn and master subject matter in the most effective way, so that students can understand what is being taught. The authors used the bibliographic research method, or bibliography, to write this journal, and they used various reading sources as references. Expository strategies can be used in learning, this is done to achieve learning goals and make learning take place effectively and efficiently.

Methylene blue dye is still widely used as a clothing dye in the textile industry. Therefore, it is necessary to process this dye waste before it enters water bodies so that it does not damage the environment. The aim of this research was to optimize the function of magnetite (Fe3O4) extracted from iron sand combined with TiO2 for degrading methylene blue dye. The iron sand was extracted using a bar magnet, sieved, washed, milled, and dried. Iron sand (20 g) was converted into magnetite using the co-precipitation method with a stirring speed of 800 rpm at a temperature of 80 °C for 30 min. Magnetite was mixed with TiO2 with 30 % ethanol using a mechanical stirring method. The characteristics of Fe3O4-TiO2 photocatalyst were tested using XRD, SEM-EDX and VSM. According to the XRD data, the crystal size of the Fe3O4-TiO2 photocatalyst was below 40 nm. The presence of Fe and Ti in the photocatalyst material and their even distribution were determined by SEM-EDX testing. Through VSM, it was confirmed that soft magnetic properties were present in this material. The performance of the Fe3O4-TiO2 photocatalyst in the degradation of methylene blue dye was analyzed using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The test results showed that the performance of the photocatalyst improved as the contact time increased and was marked by a decrease in the optical absorption intensity; the best performance of the Fe3O4-TiO2 photocatalyst reached 93 %. Therefore, it can be concluded that iron sand as part of the photocatalyst material, play a role in the photodegradation of methylene blue dye.

Barangan banana (Musa acuminata L.) is one of the superior types of banana in the West Tanjung Jabung district, Jambi Province - Indonesia. Barangan bananas are very popular with the public and have high economic value. The problem faced in conventional cultivation and development of Barangan bananas is that it is difficult to obtain quality banana seeds in large and uniform quantities, so to overcome this we need alternative technology for propagating banana seeds through modern techniques such as plant tissue culture techniques. The advantage of this technique is that it is able to produce plant seeds en masse uniformly and in a relatively short time. In addition, the resulting progeny is also conditioned to be free from pests and diseases, especially diseases caused by bacteria and fungi.

The red chili is a superior horticultural product and are currently still a commodity contributing to significant inflation in the Jambi area. The red chili harvest in Jambi Province in 2020 was 10.77 tons ha-1, with national productivity of 12 tons ha-1, while the potential for chili production could exceed 20 tons ha-1. The cause of low chili productivity in Indonesia is the limitation of obtaining superior chili varieties that have stable superior characteristics in different agro-climates, and are less resistant to environmental stress. Environmental stress is the accumulation of the impact of farmers' dependence on intensive and excessive use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides, which has an impact on high production costs, the phenomenon of pest and other pathogen resurgence, the death of natural enemies, environmental pollution and threats to the safety of the products produced. The research was carried out to overcome the problem of low productivity of chili plants, especially in Jambi Province, consistency in the Application and Development of Environmentally Friendly Technology. The research results showed that the application of Tricho-tithonia 20 tons ha-1 and the recommended dose of 50% NPK fertilizer showed the best growth response and results in local-Jambi red chili varieties. The local varieties tested also have good adaptability to agro-climates that are different from the areas of origin of the chili varieties.

This research aims to reveal the background to the establishment of the Yogyakarta Branch of the Indonesian Red Cross (PMI) during the early days of Indonesian independence in Yogyakarta. The method used to obtain data and information is by collecting books, archives, and interviews with former PMI members during the war of independence in Yogyakarta. Data processing for this writing is based on a historical approach. Data obtained from various sources is selected and source critique is carried out and arranged in factual relationships to form an understanding which is then expressed in narrative descriptive writing. The results of the research show that the formation of the PMI Yogyakarta Branch was the result of the struggle after the Central PMI was formed on September 17, 1945, which was followed by the formation of PMI branches in Indonesia, especially in big cities including Yogyakarta. The PMI Yogyakarta Branch formation meeting was held in the building of the former War Victims' Family Relief Agency (BPKKP). PMI Yogyakarta Branch was officially formed on September 29, 1945.

This research discusses the central role of Tuan Guru in the social revolution movement of Sasak people against colonialism in Lombok island in the 19th century. This research was combined research (blended research) in qualitative research and used social movement theory as a collective action that offers change or resistance to bring about new life. The Sasak social revolution movement was motivated by the prolonged commonality of the fate suffered by the annexation of local and global colonialism-imperialism. The central role of Tuan Guru in the social revolution movement of Sasak people in the 19th century in Lombok began with the unification of social stratification between the ruling aristocratic group and the ruling non-aristocratic group, bound by a specific fraternity, the fraternal brotherhood (shufi brotherhood). The religious fraternity which transformed into tarekat communities in Lombok, especially Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah Congregation and Qadiriyah wa Naqsyabandiyah reconstructed themselves into a religio-political system in moving social revolution against colonialism which gave birth to rebellions and tyranny which contradicted Islamic doctrine in general and the teaching of tarekat in a religious way special.

The negative stigma against applying Islamic law or sharia has not disappeared. This stigma persists since it is accompanied by propaganda that Islamic sharia is contrary to human rights and is barbaric. Specifically, the Special Region of Aceh Province, with its special label and special autonomy based on Law No. 44 of 1999 concerning the Implementation of the Privileges of Aceh, strengthened by Law No. 18 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy, Law No. 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh, and part of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) of Helsinki bargaining, is permitted to apply Islamic law, including the issue of jinayat. This research’s object was the implementation of Qanun Jinayat in Langsa City to find out how it is implemented and how it protects the rights of minorities. Included in the field research category, this study used qualitative methods with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and field observations. The result revealed that the enforcement of the Qanun Jinayat in Langsa City is concerned about human rights norms, does not interfere with the rights of minorities, and they even feel happy since the Qanun’s norm is also regulated in their holy book.

Aims Legality of driving and serious mental illness is often poorly understood by service users and staff. The risk of rare but serious consequences indicate the value in including driving risk in initial assessments. The Driving and Vehicle Licensing Authority (DVLA) advises not to drive and notify them of changes in condition or concerns around an individual's ability to drive. Crisis periods can represent changes in condition for individuals with chronic mental health conditions including psychotic disorders, manic episodes, severe anxiety and depression, and personality disorders. It therefore is pertinent for home treatment team (HTT) clinicians to consider driving safety, in patients requiring crisis intervention. The aim of our audit was to identify what proportion of patients on the Kingston and Richmond HTT caseloads are asked about driving and implement changes to facilitate discussion thereby improving safety. Methods Retrospective data was collected from Rio clinical record software from the entire Richmond HTT and Kingston HTT caseloads at baseline, two and four months post-intervention. Clinical records were reviewed to establish if driving was being discussed. Data was inputted anonymously into Excel and simple statistical analyses conducted. Inclusion criteria were patients on the Richmond Kingston HTT caseloads on the date of data extraction for cycles 1, 2 and 3. Patients were excluded who had not yet had their initial assessment. Following initial data collection we joined stakeholders at Trust-Wide HTT Governance meeting covering five boroughs and presented findings. We agreed changes to implement including incorporating a driving prompt in the initial assessment proforma and providing a DVLA leaflet in the welcome pack. Results From baseline data of combined caseloads, 17.7% of patients had documented evidence of driving discussion. At two months, re-audit showed that 33.3% of patients were asked about driving. With consideration of delays in change implementation with large teams and shift work, a third data collection cycle was completed 4 months post intervention. This showed that 56.0% of patients were asked about driving. Conclusion The changes implemented have been effective in sustaining increased awareness on this important topic and facilitating discussion with patients. There is potential to increase awareness further by expanding this as a trust-wide, regional or national initiative whilst enhancing stakeholder engagement.

Zakat has great potential to become one of the main instruments in poverty alleviation efforts. Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam, so normatively it is an absolute obligation for every Muslim. The purpose of this research is to find out how zakat is distributed by the Batu Bara Regency National Zakat Amil Agency in its efforts to eradicate poverty, as well as identify factors that support and hinder the distribution of zakat. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection methods are observation, interviews, and documentation, using primary and secondary data. There were 5 informants in this study. The data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion verification. Source triangulation ensures the validity of the data used in this research. Based on research results, Baznas, Batu Bara Regency routinely distributes zakat funds every year using two main approaches, namely consumptive zakat and productive zakat, to overcome poverty. Through the Smart, Healthy, Pious and Caring Batu Bara Program, consumptive zakat is distributed to meet the basic needs of mustahik. Meanwhile, the Batu Bara Makmur Program is a productive zakat distribution program that empowers zakat recipients to be economically independent. However, poverty alleviation efforts could be more optimal because a larger proportion of zakat fund distribution occurs through consumptive zakat. Limited human resources cause a lack of supervision of zakat recipients, so the efforts made by productive zakat recipients last only a short time.

Demersal fish resources are one of the main commodities in the waters of the Java Sea. Tegalsari coastal fishing port is one of the fish landing locations around the Java Sea where most of the demersal commodities landed at the port were caught by cantrang fishing gear. Generally, every fishing activity expects ideal catches by using an efficient input. Technical efficiency can be used as an indicator of performance measurement of fishing gear. This study aimed to determine the fishing capacity of cantrang fisheries in Tegalsari fishing port. The fishing capacity analysis was carried out using fish landing data from PPP Tegalsari from 2008 to 2019. The measurement of technical efficiency by using the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) approach. The result showed that fishing capacity in 2013, 2015, 2017, 2018, and 2019 have to be maintained because it is in a fully utilized, and the rest of them were overcapacity caused by an excess capacity of the value of fishing gear and number of efforts. Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis, Decision Making Unit, fish resources, fishing efficiency, Java Sea-Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sikap, Norma subjektif, kontrol perilaku, kemanfaatan, Keingintahuan, dan religiusitas terhadap perilaku kepatuhan zakat dengan niat sebagai variabel Intervening pada BAZNAS Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan survei. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Wajib Zakat Profesi di lingkungan pemerintah daerah kabupaten Rokan Hulu sebanyak 5.000 orang. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah secara nonproability sampling yaitu sampling insidental. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sikap, norma subjektif, kontrol perilaku, kemanfaatan dan niat tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan zakat. Sedangkan keingintahuan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku kepatuhan. Selain itu, sikap dan keingintahuan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap niat. Sedangkan norma subjektif, kontrol perilaku, dan kemanfaatan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap niat.

Abstract In human celiac disease (CeD) HLA-DQ2.5 presents gluten peptides to antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, thereby instigating immune activation and enteropathy. Targeting HLA-DQ2.5 with neutralizing antibody for treating CeD may be plausible, yet using pan-HLA-DQ antibody risks affecting systemic immunity, while targeting selected gluten peptide:HLA-DQ2.5 complex (pHLA-DQ2.5) may be insufficient. Here we generate a TCR-like, neutralizing antibody (DONQ52) that broadly recognizes more than twenty-five distinct gluten pHLA-DQ2.5 through rabbit immunization with multi-epitope gluten pHLA-DQ2.5 and multidimensional optimization. Structural analyses show that the proline-rich and glutamine-rich motif of gluten epitopes critical for pathogenesis is flexibly recognized by multiple tyrosine residues present in the antibody paratope, implicating the mechanisms for the broad reactivity. In HLA-DQ2.5 transgenic mice, DONQ52 demonstrates favorable pharmacokinetics with high subcutaneous bioavailability, and blocks immunity to gluten while not affecting systemic immunity. Our results thus provide a rationale for clinical testing of DONQ52 in CeD.

This PKM aims to, (1) provide residents with a solution for chicken feather waste which has not been utilized so far, to be managed and used as wall material, in order to increase knowledge, skills and mastery of technology in the use of chicken feather waste into panel material. (2) training and assistance to improve skills and additional income for residents in the application of feather panels for village office room dividers to improve services to the community. The method used is material engineering by processing chicken feather waste into wall panel material to increase residents' skills and resources in the ability to process waste into wall products for making room dividers in village offices in order to improve citizen services, this is in accordance with government programs related to focus. Indonesia's sustainable development, namely the Green economy.

Empowerment of people with disabilities through the transfer of biofloc shrimp farming technology in the city of Banda Aceh is a program aimed at enhancing the independence and empowerment of people with disabilities. Biofloc shrimp farming is a technology that utilizes a biofloc system, where bacteria are used to break down waste and provide nutrients for the shrimp. In this system, shrimp can grow faster and healthier compared to conventional shrimp farming methods. The program is in partnership with the Imam Ahmad bin Idris Aceh Foundation located in the village of Alue Naga and will be implemented from August to November 2023. The training will cover the construction of the tank, water management, feeding, shrimp maintenance, and harvesting methods. Additionally, the program will provide initial capital assistance to start biofloc shrimp farming businesses. This program aims to enable people with disabilities to achieve better income and improve their self-reliance. Furthermore, it is expected to increase biofloc shrimp production in the city of Banda Aceh, thereby enhancing the local economy.

Kondisi ketahanan pangan di Indonesia secara nasional yang dianggap masih belum stabil dan masih fokus hanya kepada peningkatan produksi beras saja, maka penelitian ini dianggap penting dilakukan untuk mengukur kecukupan beras di Kabupaten Asahan. Luas baku sawah di Kabupaten Asahan mengalami degradasi hampir setiap tahun. Pemerintah Kabupaten Asahan telah melakukan upaya pencegahan berlanjutnya masalah ini dengan menerbitkan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Asahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meliaht angka kecukupan dan proyeksi ketersediaan beras di Kabupaten Asahan. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Analisis ketersediaan beras dihitung berdasarkan persamaan yang terdapat pada lampiran Peraturah Menteri Pertanian Republik Indonesia Nomor 43/Permentan/OT.140/&/2010 dan Metode Pemulusan Eksponensial Ganda dari Brown. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kabupaten Asahan mengalami defisit beras dalam kurun waktu tahun 2012-2021 rata-rata sebesar 27.416,21 ton per tahun. Ketersediaan beras yang cenderung menurun serta kebutuhan beras yang cenderung meningkat menyebabkan terjadinya defisit kecukupan beras setiap tahun di Kabupaten Asahan. Dan Proyeksi kecukupan beras di Kabupaten Asahan hingga Desember 2024 akan menunjukkan nilai yang defisit. Rata-rata defisit beras setiap bulan mencapai 3.129, 27 ton/bulan.

Orientation: Organisations must continually adapt to the external environment to remain competitive. However, employees often resist change because of fear and uncertainty. Research purpose: This study has two objectives. The first is determining how commitment and engagement influence employee readiness to change. The second is to identify the most significant predictor of readiness for change, using aspects of commitment and dimensions of employee engagement. Motivation for the study: Change is vital for an organisation’s survival, and employees are central to this process. Overcoming employee resistance to change is critical. By understanding the factors that influence employee readiness, organisations can better manage change and increase their chances of success. Research approach/design and method: The study involved 206 oil palm plantation employees. It employed a hierarchical regression analysis to assess the influence of commitment and engagement on employee readiness for change. Main findings: The study reveals that commitment and engagement have a significant impact on employee readiness for change. Employees who demonstrate higher levels of commitment and engagement are more likely to be prepared for and open to change. Practical/managerial implications: The study findings provide practical insights for organisations aiming to implement successful change initiatives. Encouraging change, creating a climate of readiness, and addressing resistance are essential components of effective change management. Contribution/value-add: This research contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of employee readiness for change in organisations. Prepared employees are more likely to view change as a challenge, rather than an obstacle, which is a significant value-add in organisational change.

Orientation: The development of quality of work life (QWL) in line with the needs of employees will balance personal growth and social life in the workplace. Improving the QWL has an impact on employee efficiency and organisational productivity. Research purpose: This study determines how organisational justice and work-family conflict determine the QWL. We conducted a cross-sectional study. Participants were selected based on characteristics and the objective of the study. Motivation for the study: Employees’ well-being and fairness in the workplace are crucial factors that can significantly impact their job satisfaction, productivity and overall organisational outcomes. Research approach/design and method: Data collection used questionnaires and involved 508 oil palm plantation officers. The hierarchical regression analysis was used to find out the determinant of QWL. Main findings: We found that organisational justice and work-family conflict are predictors of QWL. Work-family conflict is associated with low levels of QWL. Interactional justice and time-based conflict was the best predictor of QWL. Practical/managerial implications: The emergence of work-family conflict will reduce employee job satisfaction, and ultimately, the QWL will decrease. Contribution/value-add: These findings could be guidelines for managing a healthy work culture that eventually leads to the organisation’s success.

This study aimed at determining the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Antagonistic Rhizosphere Fungi (ARF) on growth of Coffea liberica seedlings in peat soils. Eight AMF isolates (without AMF, Glomus sp.-1a, Glomus sp.-3c, Acaulospora sp.-1b, Acaulospora sp.- 2d, Glomus sp.-1a + Glomus sp.-3c, Acaulospora sp.-1b + Acaulospora sp.-2d, and mixtures of Glomus sp.-1a + Glomus sp.-3c + Acaulospora sp.-1b + Acaulospora sp.-2d) were combined with five ARF types (without ARF, Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp., Gliocladium sp., and Penicillium sp.). Data were collected on the following variables: seedling height, leaf number, stem diameter, shoot and root dry weight, N and P uptake, and root infection by AMF. Results indicated that Trichoderma sp., in combination with various types of AMF, was the best ARF in promoting C. liberica seedling growth and increasing N and P uptake. On the other hand, the mixture of Glomus sp.-1a + Glomus sp.-3c combined with various types of ARF was the best AMF in promoting seedling growth and increasing N and P uptake. It can be concluded that Trichoderma sp. and the mixture of Glomus sp-1a and Glomus sp-3c were best combination to be applied to promote the C. liberica seedlings grown in peat soil.

Objective This review aimed to identify and summarise how value-based healthcare (VBHC) is implemented in the field of ophthalmology.Methods A scoping review was conducted by searching empirical and non-empirical articles from from electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest and Scopus) and other methods starting January 2006 (the year Porter and Teisberg introduced VBHC) up to 31 December 2023.Results 1.081 records were screened, and 12 articles (8 empirical studies and 4 non-empirical articles) were used for data extraction. Most articles were published in the UK. Most articles described the implementation of VBHC agenda by measuring outcomes and costs. All the included empirical studies reported implementation effect; otherwise, non-empirical articles were only described proposed implementation.Conclusion The implementation of VBHC in ophthalmology has shown a positive impact on enhancing patient value and reducing healthcare costs. Nevertheless, the study highlighted that no provider or healthcare system has fully embraced and implemented VBHC, comprehensively addressing the entire value agenda.

The oil palm industry is a strategic and leading sector of agriculture that is developing in Indonesia. Riau is a province in this country that has quite large natural resources in the plantation with the largest contribution being oil palm. This study aims to determine the form of economic transformation based on superior commodities through the development of a sustainable palm oil industry. The study adopts a mixed-method approach, employing a sequential explanatory model to gather a comprehensive understanding of the oil palm industry in Bengkalis Regency, Indonesia. Quantitative data collection precedes qualitative data analysis, allowing for a deeper exploration of the research topic. The analysis units encompass the oil palm industry, households, and village officials, ensuring a holistic examination of the subject. Data collection involves a range of methods, including surveys, interviews, observations, and focus group discussions, engaging diverse stakeholders such as community members, industry representatives, and government officials. Secondary data from relevant agencies and previous research are also integrated. Ethical considerations are emphasized in data collection and dissemination, ensuring transparency and balance in reporting. Overall, the methodology is well-structured and comprehensive, enabling a thorough examination of the industry's sustainability and development. The research results indicate that the oil palm manufacturing industry is a leading sector and has been categorized as sufficiently sustainable based on different perspectives. Through an optimistic scenario, the government must make efforts and total support to improve the important factors that influence the development of the palm oil processing industry in a sustainable manner, including the community empowerment program, future palm oil prospects, implementation of environmental management.

Chemistry is one of the subjects taught in State Senior High Schools (SMAN), especially in Natural Sciences (IPA). The problem with chemistry subjects is that it is difficult to practice in the laboratory because laboratory facilities such as space, equipment and chemicals are expensive. As a result, chemical laboratory practices were only sometimes carried out. Several lecturers and students from the Department of Chemistry, FMIPA Unand Kimia Unand, carried out service activities at SMAN 16 Padang through laboratory practice using materials and equipment that were cheap and readily available in the surrounding environment. This community service aims to train teachers and students to carry out chemistry practicums using simple materials and equipment available around them. The training was given to chemistry subject teachers and students in the science laboratory at SMAN 16 on 17 and 21 November 2022. The material was practised in oxidation and reduction (redox) and electrolysis reactions. The activity went smoothly; the students enthusiastically carried out the practicum. Through the results of this simple chemistry practicum, students can design and carry out chemical experiments using simple tools and materials, conduct direct observations of chemical processes, practice scientific thinking, attitude and work skills and analyze and solve various scientific processes using scientific methods. SMAN 16 hopes that this activity will continue with different topics.

Fly ash waste is a by-product of coal burning at PLTU Nagan Raya, Aceh Province, Indonesia. Since 2017, the coal used is a mixture of 90% Kalimantan coal (sub-bituminous) and 10% local Nagan Raya coal (lignite) which is still young so that the mineral ash content is still high. Silica is among the interesting minerals to be extracted from fly ash, given its wide range of benefits. This paper describes the process of extracting silica from fly ash at the Aceh power plant through the leaching method using a chemical solution and heating for 2 and 4 hours at a temperature of 100˚C. The difference in heat treatment aimed to study the changes in properties and obtain the best method in the silica extraction process. The effect of heat treatment on silica characteristics was studied based on XRD (X Ray Diffraction) test for phase identification, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) test for morphological identification, EDS (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) test for mineralogy element identification, FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) test for identification of functional groups and surface chemistry, and DSC/TGA (differential calorimetric analysis/ thermogravimetric) test for identification of thermal properties. As a result, it was found that fly ash still contains unburned carbon, which significantly affects its color, and has the potential for application as a hydrogen storage material because its pore diameter structure is larger than 0.7 nm. The silica extracted from fly ash is capable of achieving a purity of up to 87% and exhibits excellent thermal stability, especially at temperatures between 120˚C-300˚C; thus, it has the potential to be a catalyst material in the adsorption-desorption reaction of hydrogen by magnesium, although further research is still needed.

The allocation of profit and loss to the unrestricted investment account holders (URIAHs) is a fundamental principle of Islamic banking where both the URIAHs and the Shareholders participate in funds mobilization through a risk-sharing arrangement. The study investigates the risk adjusted return received by both the unrestricted investment account holders and shareholders as well as the level of risk sharing between them for Islamic banks in Nigeria, Sudan, Bahrain and Qatar using financial ratio analysis, difference in mean t-test and Var-at-Risk (VaR) methodologies. The paper concludes that, contrary to the findings of many previous studies, the unrestricted investment account holders receive lower risk adjusted returns than the Shareholders do and at a higher risk in some of these countries and also the Central Banks impose a risk sharing value (the alpha factor) which is always different from the actual computed value of the risk sharing parameter for the banks and these are the likely potential sources of instability in the Islamic banks of these countries.

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant cause of premature mortality worldwide, with a growing burden in recent years. Despite this, there is a lack of comprehensive meta-analyses that quantify the extent of premature CVD mortality. Study addressed this gap by estimating the pooled age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of premature CVD mortality. Methods We conducted a systematic review of published CVD mortality studies that reported ASMR as an indicator for premature mortality measurement. All English articles published as of October 2022 were searched in four electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). We computed pooled estimates of ASMR using random-effects meta-analysis. We assessed heterogeneity from the selected studies using the I2 statistic. Subgroup analyses and meta regression analysis was performed based on sex, main CVD types, income country level, study time and age group. The analysis was performed using R software with the “meta” and “metafor” packages. Results A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. The estimated global ASMR for premature mortality from total CVD was 96.04 per 100,000 people (95% CI: 67.18, 137.31). Subgroup analysis by specific CVD types revealed a higher ASMR for ischemic heart disease (ASMR = 15.57, 95% CI: 11.27, 21.5) compared to stroke (ASMR = 12.36, 95% CI: 8.09, 18.91). Sex-specific differences were also observed, with higher ASMRs for males (37.50, 95% CI: 23.69, 59.37) than females (15.75, 95% CI: 9.61, 25.81). Middle-income countries had a significantly higher ASMR (90.58, 95% CI: 56.40, 145.48) compared to high-income countries (21.42, 95% CI: 15.63, 29.37). Stratifying by age group indicated that the age groups of 20–64 years and 30–74 years had a higher ASMR than the age group of 0–74 years. Our multivariable meta-regression model suggested significant differences in the adjusted ASMR estimates for all covariates except study time. Conclusions This meta-analysis synthesized a comprehensive estimate of the worldwide burden of premature CVD mortality. Our findings underscore the continued burden of premature CVD mortality, particularly in middle-income countries. Addressing this issue requires targeted interventions to mitigate the high risk of premature CVD mortality in these vulnerable populations.

The magnetization of iron sand from Anoi Itam beach, Sabang, Indonesia, was investigated through sample testing and synthesis using the co-precipitation method. The purpose of this study is to analyze the magnetic properties of iron sand and review its potential in photocatalytic processes. Before being synthesized, the natural iron sand was separated and milled. The iron sand was dissolved in 37% v/v HCl, stirred, and heated for 30 min. This solution was filtered and precipitated with 6.5 M NH4OH while stirring and heating for 30 min. The magnetite formed was washed repeatedly with distilled water until it reached a normal pH, and then dried. Magnetite characterization tests were performed using XRF, XRD, VSM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The test results showed that the iron sand had a high magnetic quality with a concentration of 91.17% after the synthesis process. The resulting magnetite phase structure had a spinal inverse cubic shape, with the highest peak at the Miller index (311). From the VSM test, it is known that the resulting magnetite exists in a soft magnetic form with superparamagnetic groups. From optical absorption, magnetite has a gap energy of approximately 2.8 eV. It can be concluded that the magnetite from Anoi Itam Sabang has potential as a photocatalytic absorbent in the visible light wavelength region. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Areca nut is a plant that is cultivated by the people of Papua as a means of livelihood. Areca nut has many benefits, starting from the fruit, leaves, roots, and the economic value of betel nut is also quite good. The problem often encountered by areca cultivators is the damage caused by areca plant diseases, causing losses both in terms of yield and control. In this study, the expert system for diagnosing areca plant diseases uses the Certainty Factor method, the essence of this method is to measure whether it is certain or uncertain in diagnosing disease based on the type of disease and disease symptoms found in areca plants, there are 8 types of areca plant diseases, namely spotting and yellowing, red leaf rust, stem base rot, fruit rot, shoot rot, root rot, flower and leaf fall and stunted plants. With the problems that occur, researchers will create an expert system that can help areca nut cultivators in diagnosing diseases in areca palm plants, it is hoped that this system can help areca cultivators by applying the Certainty Factor method which adopts expert knowledge into a computerized system so that the system can solve problems like an expert.

This article explores the self-identity dynamics of Generation Z habaib lovers in Indonesia. Data were collected through 60 to 120 minutes of in-depth interviews with ten members of Habib-led assemblies identified as part of Generation Z (aged 12-27 years) selected through a purposive sampling technique. A qualitative approach was chosen, with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) with the help of NVivo 12 software to organize the data. Three subordinate themes emerged: the motivation to become a habaib lover, the process of searching for self-identity, and cohesiveness towards the habaib assembly. These themes are related to the formation of self-identity in Generation Z. This study concludes that the self-identity of the youth members of the community is shaped and catalyzed by the meaning of holiness of the habaib as a prophet's descendant figure. The findings contribute to developing the concept of Muslim youth self-identity through empirical studies on adolescent self-identity formation.

In Indonesia there are many cases of early marriage. Even though early marriage is permissible according to Islamic law, if it is not carried out according to the provisions it will cause a lot of harm. The purpose of this qualitative research is to be able to find out what efforts were made by Islamic Religious Extensionists in reducing early marriage in South Binjai City through observation and in-depth interviews. The informant was an Islamic Counselors in South Binjai. The results of the study show that the efforts of Islamic Counselors at South Binjai to reduce early marriage are carried out in various ways, including by socializing the Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974 and providing religious guidance to parents and adolescents every month in different locations regarding the purpose of marriage and the negative impacts of early marriage. Apart from that, they also cooperates with village heads and neighborhood heads in providing education for residents who want to marry early. This effort is very helpful in reducing the number of early marriages in South Binjai in 2022.

The ability to read the Qur'an according to the rules of tajweed science is a requirement that helps a memorizer of the Qur'an easily and quickly. However, this ability is sometimes still low, thus requiring the process of optimizing the ability of tahsin tilawah Al-Qur'an before tahfiz Qur'an. This study aims to analyze the correlation between the ability to read the Qur'an and the quality of memorization of the Qur'an. The method used in this research is quantitative. The population in this study were students of Ma'had Abu Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah tahfiz house. Data collection using questionnaire techniques, tests, interviews, and document analysis. Questionnaires to measure the level of ease and difficulty that students go through in the memorization process. The results of this study indicate that the significance value is 0.959> 0.05, which means that there is a true influence between the recitation of the students' Al-Qur'an on the results of memorizing students at the Ma'had Abu Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah Tahfiz House. The results of this study recommend that future researchers can research in terms of management, methods, learning strategies, and so on related to Tahfiz Ma'had Abu Ubaidah bin Al-Jarrah House.

Abstract. The Entrepreneurship Center has been running for 4 years but it has not been as optimal as expected, there are still many inactive stalls, including the PLS 64 Shop stall. This activity aims to improve the structure and optimize the role of the lapak person in charge, create or identify various business opportunities that are targeted and utilized through these lapak by developing a lapak management model according to student needs. Activities carried out with the method of training and mentoring. which is carried out through 4 stages, starting with program socialization activities which are carried out online on August 20 2021, offline training on educafe management and online marketing at Sahabat Alam Karangploso on October 22-23 2021, action activities starting on October 27 202, and continued with the evaluation monitoring stage. The end result of this community service activity is that the PLS 64 stall has become active again with the new name "Kedai PLS 64 Educafe" with a clear management organizational structure and a variety of types of services including product and service services. The results of this activity have been published via YouTube, the Radar Malang Jawa Pos newspaper.

Hukum adat mencerminkan adat istiadat yang tumbuh dan berkembang di Indonesia, namun perkembangannya harus tetap dikoordinasikan dengan hukum nasional. Sekalipun hukum adat ini diperlukan tetapi dalam praktiknya jangan sampai bertentangan dengan asas-asas hukum yang berlaku, Hukum adat mencerminkan adat istiadat yang tumbuh dan berkembang di Indonesia, namun perkembangannya harus tetap dikoordinasikan dengan hukum nasional. hukum adat diperlukan untuk menjaga keseimbangan serta ketertiban sosial dalam suatu masyarakat. Di wilayah Kenegerian Lipatkain, Kecamatan Kampar Kiri, Kabupaten Kampar, disamping berlakunya hukum nasional yakni Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana sebagai payung dari hukum pidana, maka diberlakukan juga pidana adat untuk mengatur pergaulan hidup dimasyarakat. Salah satunya adalah pemberian sanksi pidana adat terhadap pelaku delik perzinaan

Background: Andaliman (Zanthoxylum achantopodium DC) is an endemic plant that is found in the province of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. It contains secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids/steroids, which can potentially be used as a mouthwash. Streptococcus sanguinis and Staphylococcus aureus are the primary colonizing bacteria in plaque formation. Bacterial plaque is known to be the main cause of periodontal disease but can be controlled mechanically and chemically using mouthwash. Purpose: To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of andaliman extract mouthwash (2%, 4%, 8%) against Streptococcus sanguinis ATCC®10556™ and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC® 25923™. Methods: This is a laboratory study with a post-test control-only design. The sample consists of andaliman extract mouthwash (2%, 4%, 8%), a positive control (chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%), and a negative control (mouthwash formulation without andaliman extract) with three repetitions for each group. Data were analyzed with the one-way ANOVA test and post hoc LSD test. Results: The andaliman extract mouthwash with concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 8% significantly reduced the number of Streptococcus sanguinis and Staphylococcus aureus colonies (p

There are still many micro-business actors who package their products with the appearance of less attractive packaging. However, it is not easy for micro-business actors to create product packaging ideas that is able to be accepted by the broad market. This study aimed to determine the attributes of packaging labels, determine the most influential graphic elements, and generate tone and manner for label specialty coffee packaging. Label attribute was analyzed with FAST and Pairwise Comparison methods. The graphic element was analyzed with the QFD method. The visual perception was analyzed with the Mind Mapping method quantified by the PCA method. It was concluded that experts expect more product information clarity and the impression of premium products on coffee packaging labels. In addition, experts also expect convenience in reading the information needed on packaging labels. Based on graphic element analysis, the priorities of the graphic element of packaging were 1) identity of the coffee product; 2) text hierarchy; 3) color labels; and 4) typical label style. The must-have tone and manner for specialty coffee packaging labels were familiar (friendly), premium, simple, and special.

Placing the National Guidelines of State Policy (GBHN or PPHN) made by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) as a guideline for the President can potentially reposition MPR above the President. Such an idea of a state has been implemented in Indonesia for no less than 54 years (1945-1999). This paper aims to analyze the basic characteristics of the presidential system and assess the compatibility of PPHN with the presidential system, with the novelty which then offers a model for pouring PPHN into laws and regulations that align with Indonesia's presidential system. Based on the conceptual and theoretical approaches, it can be concluded: First, the basic character of a presidential system is to separate the legislature from the executive, so no accountability mechanism puts the President down as subordinate to the legislature. PPHN implementation can shift this separation towards an accountability model, a feature of a parliamentary system. Second, PPHN can be re-enforced in a presidential system, with the prerequisite that no accountability mechanism puts the President under MPR. Third, pouring PPHN into the form of a Law replacing the RPJPN Law will be more relevant to avoid a government system shifting. However, providing a checks and balances mechanism for the President through the House of Representatives' budgetary rights is still necessary.