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Biomass‐based hydrogel is a promising flame‐retardant material and has a high potential for applications in transportation, aerospace, building and electrical engineering, and electronics. However, rapid vat photopolymerization (VP) 3D printing of biomass‐based hydrogels, especially that of all‐natural ones, is still rare. Herein, a new class of VP 3D‐printed hydrogels with strong covalent networks, fabricating using fully biomass materials and a commercial liquid crystal display (LCD) printer assembled with low‐intensity visible light is presented. Encouragingly, the highly ordered layer‐by‐layer packing structures provided by VP 3D printing technology endow these hydrogels with remarkable flame retardancy, exceptional temperature resistance, advantageous combustion behaviors, and favorable mechanical strength, in particular, giving them a better limit oxygen index (83.5%) than various biomass‐based hydrogels. The proposed approach enables the green design as well as the precise and efficient preparation for flame‐retardant materials, paving the way for the future flame‐retardant materials toward attaining green sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a hematological malignancy with high metabolic heterogeneity. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays an important role in metabolism through regulating circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood in CLL. Herein, an m6A scoring system and an m6A‐related circRNA prognostic signature are established, and circTET2 as a potential prognostic biomarker for CLL is identified. The level of m6A modification is found to affect the transport of circTET2 out of the nucleus. By interacting with the RNA‐binding protein (RBP) heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC), circTET2 regulates the stability of CPT1A and participates in the lipid metabolism and proliferation of CLL cells through mTORC1 signaling pathway. The mTOR inhibitor dactolisib and FAO inhibitor perhexiline exert a synergistic effect on CLL cells. In addition, the biogenesis of circTET2 can be affected by the splicing process and the RBPs RBMX and YTHDC1. CP028, a splicing inhibitor, modulates the expression of circTET2 and shows pronounced inhibitory effects. In summary, circTET2 plays an important role in the modulation of lipid metabolism and cell proliferation in CLL. This study demonstrates the clinical value of circTET2 as a prognostic indicator as well as provides novel insights in targeting treatment for CLL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish an invasive aquatic species detection method with high sensitivity and specificity, we used the CRISPR/Cas12a system. After comparing the mitochondrial COX1, COX2, COX3, and CYTB sequences of many invasive species, we designed and synthesized guide RNA (gRNA) and amplified target sequences for a detection system based on binding of the Cas12a protein. We then used alligator gar target DNA as a standard to assess the detection system. The reaction system was optimized in terms of Cas12a and gRNA concentrations, ssDNA reporter concentration, and reaction temperature, and this optimized system was used to detect other invasive species. The results showed that 100 nmol/L Cas12a, 100 nmol/L gRNA, and 700 nmol/L ssDNA reporter added to 20 μL of a DNA sample at 42 °C was optimal, with the system able to detect 10.3 fM target DNA of an invasive species with good specificity and sensitivity. The results were directly observed under UV light irradiation. Moreover, we applied eDNA (environmental DNA), which can trigger the generation of fluorescent signals in the system, and the denaturation-annealing-extension cycles of PCR were optimized so that the detection system works when the cycle number is as low as 25 and even when the water samples from the species habitat are diluted 10−24-fold. Our findings indicate that the established method is effective for the detection of invasive aquatic species. • Engineered Crispr/Cas12a system successfully detect target DNA of an invasive species. • The detection system was sensitive enough to detect target DNA of an invasive species at a minimum of 10.3 fM. • The detection system is highly specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles have emerged as a revolutionary approach for enhancing the in vivo stability, biocompatibility, and targeted delivery of functional nanoparticles (FNPs) in biomedicine. This article comprehensively reviews the preparation methods of these polymer micelles, detailing the innovative strategies employed to introduce stimulus responsiveness and surface modifications essential for precise targeting. We delve into the breakthroughs in utilizing these micelles to selectively deliver various FNPs including magnetic nanoparticles, upconversion nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and quantum dots, highlighting their transformative impact in the biomedical realm. Concluding, we present an insight into the current research landscape, addressing the challenges at hand, and envisioning the future trajectory in this burgeoning domain. Join us as we navigate the exciting confluence of polymer science and nanotechnology in reshaping biomedical solutions. [Display omitted] • A overview of stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles for the targeted delivery of functional nanoparticles in biomedicine. • Summary of the strategies employed to introduce stimuli responsiveness and surface modifications essential for precise targeting. • Proposal of the impact of functional nanoparticle - stimuli responsive polymeric complex micelles in the biomedical realm. • An insight into the current research landscape, the challenges at hand, and the future trajectory in burgeoning domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The static and dynamic mechanical properties and fire behaviors for long‐glass‐fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composite filled with organo‐modified montmorillonite/brominated epoxy resins/antimony trioxide (OMMT/FR/LGFPA6) have been investigated by comparison with the formulation without OMMT (FR/LGFPA6), being dealt with accelerated aging condition. Relative to the unaged composites, both aged composites presented the improved static mechanical properties after 10‐day aging, the increased degree of cross‐linking in the amorphous region, and the increased LOI value as well as maintained the optimal UL‐94 rating. However, after a long‐time aging exposure, the aged FR/LGFPA6 composite was more flammable and its mechanical properties were more severely impacted by aging. Remarkably, substitution of a certain content of halogen‐antimony flame retardants with OMMT not only slowed down the rate of degradation but also weakened the flammability for FR/LGFPA6 composite over the whole period of aging. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:2208–2218, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary mediastinal large B-cel l lymphoma (PMBCL) is a rare subtype of B-cell lymphoma that is not yet fully understood. This population-based study aimed to assess the latest survival and treatment strategies for patients with PMBCL. The study used the dataset from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program registry to retrospectively analyze adult patients diagnosed with PMBCL between 2001 and 2018. The primary outcome measures included overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Among the 814 identified cases, the study revealed a 5-year OS rate of 86.7% and a 5-year DSS rate of 88.2% after a median follow-up of 54 months. Cox regression analysis indicated that age over 60 years, pre-2010 diagnosis, non-White ethnicity, advanced stage, and absence of chemotherapy significantly reduced both OS and DSS. It also found that chemotherapy has remained the primary therapeutic protocol for PMBCL over the last 20 years, whereas the utilization of surgery and radiation declined significantly. Patients diagnosed with PMBCL between 2010 and 2018 had a significantly reduced mortality risk (∼50%) compared to those diagnosed between 2001 and 2009. Notably, in the era of rituximab's widespread usage, recipients of radiotherapy exhibited a poorer OS rate than non-recipients. Survival outcomes for patients with PMBCL have significantly improved in the current era, possibly due to the evolving treatment paradigm. The value of radiotherapy in PMBCL is still debated and requires further prospective evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a long-term thermo-oxidative exposure, compared to the long-glass-fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composite containing halogen-antimony flame retardants (FR/LGFPA6), substitution of a certain content of flame retardants with organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT) was found to positively affect the FR/LGFPA6 composite in some cases (i.e. flammability and thermal degradation kinetics). The aged OMMT/FR/LGFPA6 composite not only was less flammable but also behaved better in the formation of char residues. All the calculated apparent activation energy obtained by the methods of Friedman, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa and Coats-Redfern in a dynamic measurement showed an obvious increase for the OMMT/FR/LGFPA6 composite after aging, a theoretical evidence for its improved flame retardancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Light-activated 3D printing enables the fabrication of fluorescent hydrogels. • The hydrogels can simultaneously change color/shape in response to temperature. • The hydrogels are suitable for information encryption transmission. Gradient cross-linking hydrogels capable of shape-morphing and fluorescence-color changes have practical significance in the fields of anti-counterfeiting, implantable sensors and smart wearable devices. However, it remains challenging to fabricate the gradient hydrogel actuators in a green, efficient and controllable manner, limited in the design and processing conditions. Herein, we merge the intriguing characteristics of light-activated 3D printing process with shape-morphing properties to fabricate a new fluorescent hydrogel actuator that can self-actuate in response to temperature, meanwhile, the synchronous color/brightness changes as a function of temperature can be well realized by those hydrogels doped with lanthanide ions. Remarkably, this kind of fluorescent hydrogel actuator can also perform as an information carrier to reveal the concealed information in two ways: i) specific UV light irradiation to read out the information, ii) self-morphing with the increase of temperature to display the information. Based on these excellent properties, the 3D-printed fluorescent hydrogel actuators with gradient cross-linking structures provide new insights in designing and fabricating novel soft robots. In addition, the light-activated 3D printing should guide the future intelligent manufacturing for fluorescent hydrogel actuators with the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, high accuracy, as well as the tailorable shapes and programmable actuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photochemical and electrochemical investigations of commercially available, safe, and cheap fluorescent brighteners, namely, triazinylstilbene (commercial name: fluorescent brightener 28) and 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene, as well as their original use as photoinitiators of polymerization upon light emitting diode (LED) irradiation are reported. Remarkably, their excellent near-UV-visible absorption properties combined with outstanding fluorescent properties allow them to act as high-performance photoinitiators when used in combination with diaryliodonium salt. These two-component photoinitiating systems can be employed for free radical polymerizations of acrylate. In addition, this brightener-initiated photopolymerization is able to overcome oxygen inhibition even upon irradiation with low LED light intensity. The underlying photochemical mechanisms are investigated by electron-spin resonance-spin trapping, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and steady-state photolysis techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-Vinylcarbazole (NVK) has been shown to be an ideal candidate for the sunlight-induced thiol-ene click reactions, in which it simultaneously plays the role of both a photoinitiator and a monomer. The former role of NVK brings the increased efficiency of fluorescent-brightener-mediated thiol-ene polymerizations under sunlight exposure, more interesting, this excellent performance realizes the high value utilization of natural sunlight, thereby opening new opportunities for the applications of thiol-ene click reactions. Meanwhile, the latter role of NVK affords a novel yet facile approach to prepare luminescent coatings in a green and sustainable way, whose fluorescence color could be alterable by varying the photocurable formulations. Based on the characteristics of the blue fluorescence emitted by polyvinylcarbazole, the resulting poly(thioester- co -carbazole) shows favorable attributes and holds great potential for the applications in the field of information encryption transmission. [Display omitted] • Sunlight-induced thiol-ene polymerization is successfully established. • N-vinylcarbazole enables the facile formation of sunlight-cured luminescent coatings. • The formation of PVK is suitable for information encryption transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of thermal-oxidative aging on the flame retardancy of the flame retardant long-glass-fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites (FR/PA6/LGF) with different thermal-oxidative exposure times at 160 °C were studied in this work. The flammability and flame-retardant properties of FR/PA6/LGF were investigated by means of the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), cone calorimeter test (CONE), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), before and after thermal-oxidative aging. The thermal-oxidative stability and degradation kinetics of the unaged and aged composites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with the methods of Kissinger and Ozawa in dynamic measurements (10 °C/min–40 °C/min). The results indicated that the flammability properties mirrored the degradation behaviors of these FR/PA6/LGF composites whatever their forms (aged or not). The Ozawa method showed that the causes of the first peak in the heat release rate change by CONE measurement corresponded to the apparent activation energies of the first stage degradation of aged FR/PA6/LGF composites, and the same conclusion with respect to the other heat release rate peak. Moreover, this aging slightly enhanced the solid phase flame-retardant mechanism by a char-promotion function, but had no effect on the gaseous flame-retardant mechanism and the decrease of harmful gas release rates. The existence of a surface migration effect on the flame retardant would endow FR/PA6/LGF composites with better LOI values, a more protective char layer structure, and excellent UL-94 ratings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 3D CoAl-LDH-based mesh membrane was fabricated by a facile hydrothermal method. • The membrane showed under-liquid dual superlyophobicity owing to the hierarchical micro-/nanostructures. • The membrane exhibited excellent separation efficiency（＞99.7%） for various oil/water mixtures and surfactant-stabilized emulsions. • The CoAl-LDH-based membrane displayed excellent chemical stability and recyclability. • The LDH/ZnO membrane can both separate and photodegrade the emulsions containing soluble organic pollutants with high removal efficiency (＞99%). Switchable surface wettability has attracted tremendous attention owing to its potential applications, but it is still thorny to construct under-liquid dual superlyophobic surfaces for reversible separation of emulsified oil/water mixtures and treatment of complex oily wastewater. In this work, a CoAl-LDH-based mesh membrane was prepared for switchable separation of emulsified oily wastewater. The interpenetrating CoAl-LDH nanosheets were grown on the stainless steel mesh (SSM) forming a micro-/nano hierarchical structure via a hydrothermal method, which endows the membrane with under-liquid dual superlyophobicity. The obtained CoAl-LDH membrane exhibited switchable separation capability for both oil/water mixtures and oil/water emulsions with high fluxes and efficiencies (99.7%). In addition, the CoAl-LDH membrane could not only separate but also photodegrade the oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing soluble organic pollutants. Interestingly, after introducing a ZnO nanorod layer, the LDH/ZnO membrane exhibited progressive removal efficiency (99%) and photodegradation efficiency (＞99%) for methylene blue (MB). The cycled and harsh condition tests also confirmed the stability and robustness of the prepared membranes. The excellent separation performance and photocatalytic property endow the membranes appealing to practical oil/water separation and oily wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a highly heterogeneous group of mature T‐cell malignancies. The efficacy of current first‐line treatment is dismal, and novel agents are urgently needed to improve patient outcomes. A close association between the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase‐stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS‐STING) pathway and tumor promotion exists, revealing prospective therapeutic targets. This study, investigates the role of the cGAS‐STING pathway and its underlying mechanisms in PTCL progression. Single‐cell RNA sequencing showes that the cGAS‐STING pathway is highly expressed and closely associated with PTCL proliferation. cGAS inhibition suppresses tumor growth and impaires DNA damage repair. Moreover, Cdc2‐like kinase 1 (CLK1) is critical for residual tumor cell survival after treatment with cGAS inhibitors, and CLK1 suppression enhances sensitivity to cGAS inhibitors. Single‐cell dynamic transcriptomic analysis indicates reduced proliferation‐associated nascent RNAs as the underlying mechanism. In first‐line therapy, chemotherapy‐triggered DNA damage activates the cGAS‐STING pathway, and cGAS inhibitors can synergize with chemotherapeutic agents to kill tumors. The cGAS‐STING pathway is oncogenic in PTCL, whereas targeting cGAS suppresses tumor growth, and CLK1 may be a sensitivity indicator for cGAS inhibitors. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for optimizing therapeutic strategies for PTCL, especially in patients with relapsed/refractory disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we build four-part cone models to explore the coupling effect of seven cone fiber couplers. Moreover, this is the first study of the coupling effect of four layers of biological couplers in animals and other biological lives. We simulate the four layers cone couplers by using the beam propagation method, and we assume the input beam is located at the outer fiber of the central cone. Our simulation results showed that there are two wavelength regions (short and long wavelength regions) with the strongest coupling, where the most power of input optical powers of the central cones will transfer to the six surrounding cones after transmitting through the four layers of cone couplers. However, within a wavelength region of ±75 nm near to the peak wavelengths, located in the yellow–green wavelength range, the splitting ratios at the output of the outer segment of the central cone are always greater than the sum of the splitting ratios of the six surrounding cones. These cone couplers may play an important role in color preprocessing (e.g., doing opponent color processing partially). The cone fiber coupler effect and light absorption of cones are considered separately in our models. By taking account of both the cone fiber coupling effect and absorption of outer segment of L cone, we find the multiplication of the relative optical power of cone couplers, the spectral sensitivity data of the L cone, and a normalized coefficient that matches with the photopic luminous efficiency of the human eye well. This is the attempt to use both the cone fiber coupling effect and the absorption of L cones to explain the photopic luminous efficiency. The splitting ratios of the central cones are greater than 80% at peak wavelengths located in the yellow-green wavelength range, and this can help to explain why the human eye is more sensitive to green light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a critical role in the modulation of tumor metabolism. However, the expression patterns and metabolic function of circRNAs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remain largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the role of circRNAs in the lipid metabolism of CLL. Methods: The expression and metabolic patterns of circRNAs in a cohort of 53 patients with CLL were investigated using whole transcriptome sequencing. Cell viability, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis, lipid analysis, Nile red staining as well as triglyceride (TG) assay were used to evaluate the biological function of circRIC8B in CLL. The regulatory mechanisms of circRIC8B/miR-199b-5p/lipoprotein lipase (LPL) axis were explored by luciferase assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), qRT-PCR, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to verify the inhibition role of cholesterol absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe, in CLL cells. Results: Increased circRIC8B expression was positively correlated with advanced progression and poor prognosis. Knockdown of circRIC8B significantly suppressed the proliferation and lipid accumulation of CLL cells. In contrast, the upregulation of circRIC8B exerted opposite effects. Mechanistically, circRIC8B acted as a sponge of miR-199b-5p and prevented it from decreasing the level of LPL mRNA, and this promotes lipid metabolism alteration and facilitates the progression of CLL. What's more, ezetimibe suppressed the expression of LPL mRNA and inhibited the growth of CLL cells. Conclusions: In this study, the expressional and metabolic patterns of circRNAs in CLL was illustrated for the 1st time. Our findings revealed that circRIC8B regulates the lipid metabolism abnormalities in and development of CLL through the miR-199b-5p/LPL axis. CircRIC8B may serve as a promising prognostic marker and therapeutic target, which enhances the sensitivity to ezetimibe in CLL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex system of the body. The CNS, especially the brain, is generally regarded as immune-privileged. However, the specialized immune strategies in the brain and how immune cells, specifically macrophages in the brain, respond to virus invasion remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the potential immune response of macrophages in the brain of orange-spotted groupers (Epinephelus coioides) following red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection. We observed that RGNNV induced macrophages to produce an inflammatory response in the brain of orange-spotted grouper, and the macrophages exhibited M1-type polarization after RGNNV infection. In addition, we found RGNNV-induced macrophage M1 polarization via the CXCR3.2- CXCL11 pathway. Furthermore, we observed that RGNNV triggered M1 polarization in macrophages, resulting in substantial proinflammatory cytokine production and subsequent damage to brain tissue. These findings reveal a unique mechanism for brain macrophage polarization, emphasizing their role in contributing to nervous tissue damage following viral infection in the CNS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) coating plays an important role in energy saving and environmental protection due to its unique reversible phase transition. To solve the daylighting issue of VO2 coating, a VO2 (M)–silicon dioxide (SiO2) composite coating is fabricated from ammonium citrato-oxovanadate(IV) by a SiO2-assisted coating method. The VO2 (M)–SiO2 composite coating possesses excellent thermochromic properties that have produced varying results, i.e. 49.2% of visible transmittance, 52.3% of transmittance reduction at 2000 nm wavelength, 12% of solar energy modulation (ΔTsol) and a phase transition temperature of 56.0 °C. Our findings may pave the way to extending the large-scale application of smart windows based on thermochromic VO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The giant grouper is one of the most important farmed marine animals worldwide; however, red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) has seriously affected its survival. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study on the same pedigree population of 202 giant grouper individuals for full-genome screening to identify markers and candidate genes for RGNNV resistance. The results were used to screen for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci and candidate genes that significantly correlated with RGNNV traits. We detected 2,360,340 SNP loci and used a general linear model to identify 54 SNP loci with significant anti-RGNNV associations. We screened for candidate genes in a 100-kb zone (50 kb upstream and 50 kb downstream) around each SNP locus and detected 25 candidate genes. Of these, G protein-coupled receptor 143 (gpr143) was a candidate gene for disease resistance in giant groupers. RT-qPCR was used to examine the expression of gpr143 in various tissues of healthy groupers and was found to be highly expressed in the eye and brain. Following RGNNV infection, gene expression analysis revealed that gpr143 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in the brains of susceptible fish, suggesting that GPR143 plays a role in viral invasion. GPR143 overexpression in giant grouper cells significantly promoted RGNNV replication, accelerated the cytopathic effects of RGNNV infection, and increased viral gene transcription. Our results suggest that markers linked to RGNNV disease resistance, including SNP markers and genes, could be useful for marker-assisted introgression, allowing for the development of highly RGNNV-resistant giant groupers. • Gwas screened the fish anti-virus-related SNPS and genes. • GPR143 aided in the transcription of viral genes and sped up the cytotoxic effects of RGNNV infection. • The quantity of the Epinephelus lanceolatus experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the optical properties of CsVO 3 were studied, and the possibility of using CsVO 3 as phosphor for white LED was verified. CsVO 3 phosphor was synthesized by solid-phase method, and its phase, surface morphology and optical properties were evaluated. Our results show that the absorption band of CsVO 3 in the excitation spectrum is 310–390 nm, and the peak value is 368 nm. In the emission spectrum, there is a broad band emission between 400 nm and 700 nm, and the peak value is 492 nm. CIE coordinate value is (0.3591, 0.4131), falling in the yellow green white light range. The band gap of CsVO 3 calculated by PBEsol is 3.065eV, and that of CsVO 3 calculated by PBE is 3.037eV. These results show that CsVO 3 phosphor can be used as a new type of phosphor for white LED, and it is attracting more and more attention. • CsVO 3 has been successfully prepared by solid-state synthesis. • The CsVO 3 luminescent material is a high brightness phosphor. • PL measurements on CsVO 3 shows a broad emission centered at 492 nm. • The optical properties of CsVO 3 are studied based on first-principles. • The optical properties were calculated to reveal its luminescence mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]