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Background In order to change the shortage of general practitioners in primary care, China has been implementing a rural order-oriented medical student training program in 2010. Currently, the overall performance intention, performance situation and retention intention of order-oriented medical students in China still remains unclear and need to be supported by more reliable evidence. Objective To systematically evaluate the performance intention rate, actual performance rate and retention intention rate of order-oriented medical students in China and analyze its influencing factors. Methods From January to June 2022, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, PubMed and Embase databases were searched to collect literature related to service intention, performance intention and retention intention for primary care of order-oriented medical students in China with a time period from 2010 to 2021, and the language of the literature was limited to Chinese and English. Two investigators independently screened literature and extracted data independently to evaluate the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis of single-group rates was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results A total of 49 papers were included with a survey period of 2010-2020, involving 22 413 order-oriented medical students. The performance intention rate of order-oriented medical students was 62% [95%CI (55%-69%) ], the performance rate was 95% [95%CI (93%-96%) ], the retention intention rate was 16% [95%CI (13%-19%) ]. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the performance intention rate of the literature published in 2011 [90%, 95%CI (84%-96%) ] was higher than the other years (P

Background Contracted family doctor services were implemented as a key action to reform primary care services in China. At present, the coverage of contracting has expanded stably. But the family doctor teams' evaluation of contracted family doctor services is not clear, which also highlights a number of issues that require further improvement in the provision of the services. Objective To study the contracted family doctor services for family doctor teams and associated factors. Methods In October 2022, a combination of purposive sampling and stratified cluster sampling was used for selecting family doctor team members from southern, central, northern and eastern Guangxi to participate in a questionnaire survey. The survey was conducted on the included subjects by using the provider version of the Primary Care Assessment Tools (PCAT-PS) , which contains 8 dimensions and 43 items. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to research the influencing factors of family doctor teams' perception of PACT-PS of the services. Results A total of 775 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 99.36%. The average score of the PCAT-PS of the family doctor team members was (32.55±3.90) . The dimensions with the relatively high score were family-centeredness and comprehensiveness, but the dimensions of first contact-access and ongoing care of the services had a relatively low-level perception. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the type of organization, age, professional title, division of team responsibilities and working patterns were the factors that influence the PCAT-PS score of family doctor team members (P

Background In the field of assisted reproductive technology, medical cost of patients is increasingly considered as an important reference for making treatment protocols, while domestic health economics researches are rarely reported on the cost-effectiveness of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) protocol and short-acting GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) long protocol in fresh embryo transfer. Objective To analyse the cost-effectiveness of the clinical outcomes of GnRH-ant and GnRH-a protocols in fresh embryo transfer based on propensity score matching (PSM) . Methods A total of 1 971 patients treated with 2 117 cycles of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) at the Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Center of the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2016 to 2018 were selected and divided 422 patients with 432 cycles in the GnRH-ant group and 1 549 patients with 1 685 cycles in the GnRH-a group according to the protocols of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). Baseline data 〔including female age, type and duration of infertility, BMI, age at menarche, number of pregnancies, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), basal estradiol (E2), basal luteinizing hormone (LH), basal progesterone, antral follicle count (AFC), etc.〕, therapeutic indicators 〔including COH protocols, gonadotropin (Gn) durarion, total Gn dosage, E2, LH, progesterone level and endometrial thickness on the trigger day, number of retrieved and mature oocytes, fertilization methods, number of transferable embryos, high-quality embryos and transferred embryos, etc.〕 and the clinical outcomes〔including unpregnancy, miscarriage, ectopic gestation, live birth (LB) 〕 were collected from the electronic medical record system and the 1∶1 PSM was performed using R 4.1.1 software with caliper value of 0.2. Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed on the two groups after PSM, sensitivity analysis was applied to verify the robustness of the study findings. Results There were significant differences in female age, BMI, basal FSH, LH, and AFC between the two groups before PSM (P0.05). Therapeutic indicators including Gn duration, Gn dosage, E2 and endometrial thickness on the trigger day, number of retrieved and mature oocytes were lower in the GnRH-ant group than GnRH-a group, while LH level on the trigger day was higher in the GnRH-ant than the GnRH-a group (P

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the level of acceptance of family doctors (FDs) exhibited by residents in China., Methods: A cross-sectional study based on a structured self-administered questionnaire was conducted to investigate residents in eastern, central, and western China between September and December 2021. A multivariable stepwise logistic regression model was employed to identify the factors associated with health-seeking behavior after the signing of agreements concerning family doctor contract services (FDCS) as well as residents' willingness to change FDs., Results: Among the 2,394 respondents included in this research, 55.8% sought primary care from their FDs when they became ill, whereas 9.7% expressed a willingness to change FDs. Residents who reported high levels of satisfaction with FDCS [odds ratio (OR) = 2.162] and trust in FDs (OR = 1.430) were more likely to seek initial help from FDs. In addition, residents from central China (OR = 0.546) and western China (OR = 0.704) and those who exhibited a high level of trust in FDs (OR = 0.238) were less likely to change FDs., Conclusion: The level of FD acceptance among Chinese residents was relatively high. Satisfaction with FDCS and trust in FDs were associated with the acceptance of FDs among residents. FDs should make efforts to enhance the quality of health services as well as the overall health experience of residents., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Feng, Lei, Li, Qu, Sun, Zheng, Zuo, Gan and Ye.)

The performance-enhancing strategy of a single pathway for perovskite has been widely studied. In this work, the dual-pathway strategy of A-site Ce substitution and nitric acid selective dissolution was proposed. The catalytic oxidation performance of LaMnO 3 exhibits the characteristic of hierarchical regulation, that is, a steplike improvement, which avoids the limitation of performance improvement of the single pathway. The B-site Mn with catalytic activity was in situ reconstituted on the surface to build a Mn-rich surface. The obtained sdLa 0.7 Ce 0.3 MnO 3 has the advantages of good oxygen mobility, high Mn 4+ /Mn 3+ molar ratio, and large specific surface area, and this material showed excellent catalytic oxidation performance for organics, which can realize colorimetric chemical oxygen demand detection at room temperature. Here, Ce substitution improved the oxidation capacity by improving the oxygen mobility and the ratio of Mn 4+ /Mn 3+ , and further nitric acid treatment not only accelerated the in situ reconstruction of B-site Mn but also increased the specific surface area.