Search

Dokazovalni pomočnik je računalniški program za izdelavo formalnih matematičnih dokazov. To diplomsko delo obravnava izdelavo in uporabo preprostega tovrstnega programa. Za osnovo dokazovalnega pomočnika smo vzeli implementacijo minimalistične teorije tipov, ki jo je v programskem jeziku OCaml razvil prof. dr. Andrej Bauer. Njegovo implementacijo smo razširili s tipom naravnih števil in tipi identifikacij, da smo lahko v njej izrazili in dokazali osnovne lastnosti seštevanja. A proof assistant is a software tool for development of formal proofs. This thesis demonstrates implementation and use of one such tool. As the basis of our proof assistant we used an implementation of a minimalist type theory developed by prof. dr. Andrej Bauer using the OCaml programming language. We expanded his implementation with the type of natural numbers and identity types which allowed us to express and prove the basic properties of addition.

V cestnem svetu se razraščajo raznovrstni pleveli, med katerimi je zaradi alergenosti najbolj problematična tujerodna rastlina ambrozija. Za zatiranje ambrozije najpogosteje uporabljamo fitofarmacevtska sredstva na osnovi glifosata. Zaradi nevarnih lastnosti (H350 - Lahko povzroči raka) bo uporaba glifosata v letu 2021 prepovedana. Na trgu obstajajo človeku varnejša in okolju prijaznejša fitofarmacevtska sredstva, s katerimi lahko učinkovito zmanjšamo posledice na človekovo telo in tudi na okolje. Z vidika varnosti in zdravja človeka ter vplivov na okolje so kemične metode kljub varnostnim ukrepom pri uporabi najbolj nevarne in najmanj primerne. Za zatiranje ambrozije so na voljo tudi različne alternativne metode, ki jih predstavljamo v diplomskem delu. Z vidika varne uporabe ter vplivov na človeka in okolje je uporaba termičnih metod za zatiranje plevelov smiselna in nujna. Vsekakor pa je potrebno že v fazo načrtovanja novih cest ter železniških tirov vključiti tudi vidik tehniške varnosti ter upoštevati varnost in zdravje izvajalcev vzdrževanja cestnega sveta. In the road world, a variety of weeds grow, among which the most problematic foreign plant is ragweed, due to its allergenicity. Glyphosate-based plant protection products are most commonly used to control ragweed. Due to its hazardous properties (H350 - May cause cancer), the use of glyphosate will be banned in 2021. There are safer and more environmentally friendly plant protection products on the market that reduce the effects on the human body and the environment. From the point of view of human safety and health and environmental impacts, chemical methods are the most dangerous and least suitable, despite the safety measures in use. Various alternative methods are available to control ragweed. From the point of view of safe use and impacts on humans and the environment, the use of thermal methods for weed control is sensible and necessary. In any case, it is necessary to include the aspect of technical safety and impacts on the safety and health of road maintenance contractors in the planning phase of new roads and railway tracks.

Tematika magistrske naloge sega na področje kriminologije in viktimologije. Bistvo naloge je opredeliti policijsko delo na področju varovanja policijskega okoliša in odzivanje javnosti na to delo. Pri tem so v začetku naloge obravnavani različni temeljni pojmi in nekatere povezave med njimi. Na tem mestu je izpostavljena primerjava dveh temeljnih pojmov, pomembnih za magistrsko nalogo, in sicer pojma legalnosti in pojma legitimnosti. Prav tako je predstavljeno širše javno mnenje o pluralni policijski dejavnosti v Republiki Sloveniji in nekaterih drugih evropskih državah. Naloga se nadaljuje s samim bistvom, in sicer v skupnost usmerjenim policijskim delom. Pri tem so predstavljene osnovne značilnosti, predhodniki, preventivni projekti, dileme in nekatere raziskave v skupnost usmerjenega policijskega dela. Ta teoretični del je uvod v glavni del magistrske naloge, kjer sta prek javnega mnenja dveh izbranih sosesk na območju dela Policijske postaje Ljubljana Moste opredeljeni legitimnost in učinkovitost dela policistov te postaje. Legitimnost in učinkovitost sta opredeljeni na podlagi javnega mnenja o varnosti in zaupanju prebivalcev tega območja v policijsko delo. Pri tem so mnenja javnosti vezana na naslednje dejavnike: postopkovna pravičnost policistov, učinkovitost policistov, podrejanje policistom, viktimizacija, javni red in mir, stališča do migrantov, pripravljenost občanov za sodelovanje s policijo, povezanost soseske, tradicionalne vrednote in mladostniki. The master's thesis covers the fields of criminology and victimology. The main idea of the thesis is to define police work in the field of patrolling a police district and the public response to this work. At the beginning of this thesis, we come across different basic concepts and certain connections between them. We compare two basic concepts relevant to the master's thesis, namely the concept of legality and the concept of legitimacy. We also present the broader public opinion on plural police activity in the Republic of Slovenia and several other European countries. In continuation, we focus on the very essence, namely community-oriented police work. In connection to that, we introduce basic characteristics, precursors, preventive projects, dilemmas and certain researches into community oriented police work. The above mentioned is an introduction to the main part of the master's thesis, where, through the public opinion of two selected neighborhoods in the area of the Ljubljana Moste police station, the legitimacy and effectiveness of the work of police officers of this station are defined. Legitimacy and efficiency are defined on the basis of public opinion on the safety and trust of the inhabitants of this area in police work. The opinions of the public are related to the following factors: procedural fairness of police officers, efficiency of police officers, subordination to police officers, victimisation, public order and peace, attitudes towards migrants, citizens' readiness to cooperate with the police, cohesiveness of the neighborhood, traditional values and adolescents.

O zgodovini pašne reje domačih živali obstajajo mnogi zapisi, pripovedi in pričevanja. Po drugi svetovni vojni se je začel intenziven razvoj gospodarstva in industrije, začelo se je množično odseljevanju iz odročnejših krajev v mesta. Tradicionalno kmetovanje se je začelo opuščati in številna kmetijska zemljišča, predvsem na območjih z težjimi pridelovalnimi razmerami so se opuščala rabe in zaraščala, saj je v ospredje prišlo intenzivno kmetovanje tako v rastlinski kot živalski proizvodnji. Kmetijsko zemljišče v zaraščanju je zemljišče, ki ima v prostorskem načrtu lokalne skupnosti status kmetijskega zemljišča z oznako dejanske rabe 1410 (kmetijsko zemljišče v zaraščanju), in zaraščanje še ni bilo odpravljeno. Zaraščanje lahko odpravljamo z agrotehničnimi ukrepi in s pašo domačih živali. Danes je poudarjeno predvsem strojno krčenje grmovne ter drevesne vegetacije in strojno odpravljanje zaraščanja zemljišč, za kar se dobi tudi finančna pomoč s strani države, premalo pa je poudarjena uporaba dela živali v ta namen. Slednje je ključno za trajno in uspešno ter okolju prijazno rekultivacijo kmetijskih zemljišč, ki predstavljajo lahko vir dobre krmo za te živali. Pri tem delu smo lahko uspešni torej s pašo domačih živali in sicer samo takrat, ko imamo nadzor nad njihovim delom. Ta temelji na gaženju živali, žetvi zelinja in blatenju oziroma gnojenju zemlje V ta namen lahko uporabimo presušene krave, krave dojilje, koze, konje in osle ter prašiče. Najučinkovitejši živalski vrsti za pašo na takih zemljiščih sta govedo in koze. In Slovenia history of grazing domestic animals exists in many forms of references as informing us how these animals were already used in the past and serving us. In the middle of the previous century due to the intensive development of economy, industry and also agriculture a huge depopulation effect happened on the countryside and a lot of people moved to the cities. Traditional forms of agriculture disappeared and many agricultural land, specially in less favoured areas were abandoned and overgrown with woody vegetation also due to intensive land utilization in the lowlands and new technologies in livestock stable rearing. Abandoned agricultural land is defined as a land which is marked in the local landscape planning community in a form of actual usage 1410 (agricultural land in overgrowing) and overgrowing with non herbaceus vegetation was not yet abolish. Overgrowing of agricultural land can be suppress by agricultural measures in a form of using machinery or grazing livestock. Nowadays only mechanical suppression of woody vegetation on agricultural land is subsidied by the government and not much the work and benefits of grazing animals are stress. The latter is crucial for sustainable and successful and environmentally friendly recultivation of abandoned land and which can also represent the source of good feed for animals. We can be successful in preventing the overgrowing with grazing animals in the way that we control the work the animals do. We must control their soil trampling, harvesting the herbage and manuring. For such work we use dry cows, suckling cows, goats, horses, donkeys and pigs. The most efficient grazing animals in preventing the overgrowing of agricultural land are low yielding categories of cattle and goats for meat.

The cellular form of the prion protein (PrPC) is a highly conserved glycoprotein mostly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems by different cell types in mammals. A misfolded, pathogenic isoform, denoted as prion, is related to a class of neurodegenerative diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. PrPC function has not been unequivocally clarified and it is rather defined as a pleiotropic protein likely acting as a dynamic cell surface scaffolding protein for the assembly of different signalling modules. Among the variety of PrPC protein interactors, the neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) has been studied in vivo, but the structural basis of this functional interaction is still a matter of debate. Here we focused on the structural determinants responsible for human PrPC (HuPrP) and NCAM interaction using Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) nanoscopy, surface plasma resonance (SPR) and NMR spectroscopy approaches. PrPC co-localizes with NCAM in mouse hyppocampal neurons and this interaction is mainly mediated by the intrinsically disordered PrPC N-terminal tail, which binds with high affinity to NCAM Fibronectin type-3 domain. NMR structural investigations revealed surface interacting epitopes governing the interaction between HuPrP N-terminus and the second module of NCAM Fibronectin type-3 domain. Our data provided molecular details about the interaction between HuPrP and NCAM Fibronectin domain, and revealed a new role of PrPC N-terminus as a dynamic and functional element responsible for protein-protein interaction.

Poligrafska metoda je doživela svoj razcvet predvsem na kriminalistično– preiskovalnem področju, kjer je bila vseskozi del različnih polemik med njenimi zagovorniki in nasprotniki. V večini držav se je zasidrala v predkazenskem postopku, kjer jo preiskovalci uporabljajo kot orodje za usmerjanje svojih preiskav. V prvem tematskem delu diplomske naloge so predstavljeni osnovna terminologija, zgodovinski razvoj poligrafa in proces poligrafskega testiranja. Prav tako so omenjeni različni poligrafski testi in spomin kot pomemben element za razumevanje procesov, ki se dogajajo v človeku med poligrafskim testiranjem. Nato sta predstavljena slovenska zakonodaja v zvezi s poligrafom in njegov zgodovinski razvoj v Republiki Sloveniji. V tem poglavju je razvitost poligrafske metode v Republiki Slovenji primerjana še z drugimi državami, ponujen je tudi vpogled v nekatere dileme pravnega in etičnega vidika poligrafske preiskave. V drugem tematskem delu so najprej splošno prikazani nekateri načini obstrukcije poligrafskega testiranja, nato pa je podrobneje obravnavanih šest glavnih načinov obstrukcije: mentalna, fizična in psihološka obstrukcija, vpliv medikamentov in psihoaktivnih substanc, fizična izčrpanost in deprivacija spanja. Ti načini so testirani ter primerjani so njihovi vplivi na poligrafsko metodo. Vpliva deprivacije spanja in fizične izčrpanosti na poligrafsko metodo sta na koncu prikazana še s pomočjo izkustvene metode. The polygraphic method is most commonly used in criminal investigation where it has always been a source of polemics between its proponents and its critics. In most countries, the method has found its place in the pre-trial investigation process, serving as a tool that guides further investigation. The first part of the thesis presents the basic terminology, development of polygraph through history, and the process of polygraphic examination. It also addresses different polygraph tests and memory as a vital element behind understanding the processes that occur in the test subjects during polygraph examination. We present Slovenian legislation related to polygraph and its historical development in Republic of Slovenia. In the same part, we compare the advancement of the polygraphic method in other countries and offer an insight into some of the dilemmas concerning the legal and ethical issues related to polygraph examination. In the second part, an overview of some manners of obstructing the polygraph examination are offered. After a general outline we examine six main manners of obstructions: mental, physical, and psychological obstruction, effect of medicaments, physical exhaustion, and sleep deprivation. These are further tested and compared in terms of their influence on the polygraphic method. The effect of sleep deprivation and physical exhaustion on the polygraphic method are finally demonstrated with the use of empirical examples.