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1. PhysioZoo: The Open Digital Physiological Biomarkers Resource

Author

Behar, Joachim A., Levy, Jeremy, Zvuloni, Eran, Gendelman, Sheina, Rosenberg, Aviv, Biton, Shany, Derman, Raphael, Sobel, Jonathan A., Alexandrovich, Alexandra, Charlton, Peter, and Goda, Márton Á

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

PhysioZoo is a collaborative platform designed for the analysis of continuous physiological time series. The platform currently comprises four modules, each consisting of a library, a user interface, and a set of tutorials: (1) PhysioZoo HRV, dedicated to studying heart rate variability (HRV) in humans and other mammals; (2) PhysioZoo SPO2, which focuses on the analysis of digital oximetry biomarkers (OBM) using continuous oximetry (SpO2) measurements from humans; (3) PhysioZoo ECG, dedicated to the analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) time series; (4) PhysioZoo PPG, designed to study photoplethysmography (PPG) time series. In this proceeding, we introduce the PhysioZoo platform as an open resource for digital physiological biomarkers engineering, facilitating streamlined analysis and data visualization of physiological time series while ensuring the reproducibility of published experiments. We welcome researchers to contribute new libraries for the analysis of various physiological time series, such as electroencephalography, blood pressure, and phonocardiography. You can access the resource at physiozoo.com. We encourage researchers to explore and utilize this platform to advance their studies in the field of continuous physiological time-series analysis., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure, 50th Computing in Cardiology conference in Atlanta, Georgia, USA on 1st - 4th October 2023

Published
2023

2. Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence Risk Prediction from 12-lead ECG Recorded Pre- and Post-Ablation Procedure

Author

Zvuloni, Eran, Gendelman, Sheina, Mohanty, Sanghamitra, Lewen, Jason, Natale, Andrea, and Behar, Joachim A.

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

Introduction: 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is recorded during atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation procedure (CAP). It is not easy to determine if CAP was successful without a long follow-up assessing for AF recurrence (AFR). Therefore, an AFR risk prediction algorithm could enable a better management of CAP patients. In this research, we extracted features from 12-lead ECG recorded before and after CAP and train an AFR risk prediction machine learning model. Methods: Pre- and post-CAP segments were extracted from 112 patients. The analysis included a signal quality criterion, heart rate variability and morphological biomarkers engineered from the 12-lead ECG (804 features overall). 43 out of the 112 patients (n) had AFR clinical endpoint available. These were utilized to assess the feasibility of AFR risk prediction, using either pre or post CAP features. A random forest classifier was trained within a nested cross validation framework. Results: 36 features were found statistically significant for distinguishing between the pre and post surgery states (n=112). For the classification, an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was reported with AUROC_pre=0.64 and AUROC_post=0.74 (n=43). Discussion and conclusions: This preliminary analysis showed the feasibility of AFR risk prediction. Such a model could be used to improve CAP management.

Published
2022

3. On Merging Feature Engineering and Deep Learning for Diagnosis, Risk-Prediction and Age Estimation Based on the 12-Lead ECG

Author

Zvuloni, Eran, Read, Jesse, Ribeiro, Antônio H., Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P., and Behar, Joachim A.

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, I.2.0, J.3
Abstract

Objective: Machine learning techniques have been used extensively for 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis. For physiological time series, deep learning (DL) superiority to feature engineering (FE) approaches based on domain knowledge is still an open question. Moreover, it remains unclear whether combining DL with FE may improve performance. Methods: We considered three tasks intending to address these research gaps: cardiac arrhythmia diagnosis (multiclass-multilabel classification), atrial fibrillation risk prediction (binary classification), and age estimation (regression). We used an overall dataset of 2.3M 12-lead ECG recordings to train the following models for each task: i) a random forest taking the FE as input was trained as a classical machine learning approach; ii) an end-to-end DL model; and iii) a merged model of FE+DL. Results: FE yielded comparable results to DL while necessitating significantly less data for the two classification tasks and it was outperformed by DL for the regression task. For all tasks, merging FE with DL did not improve performance over DL alone. Conclusion: We found that for traditional 12-lead ECG based diagnosis tasks DL did not yield a meaningful improvement over FE, while it improved significantly the nontraditional regression task. We also found that combining FE with DL did not improve over DL alone which suggests that the FE were redundant with the features learned by DL. Significance: Our findings provides important recommendations on what machine learning strategy and data regime to chose with respect to the task at hand for the development of new machine learning models based on the 12-lead ECG.

Published
2022

6. Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment

Author

Bates, Amanda E, Primack, Richard B, Biggar, Brandy S, Bird, Tomas J, Clinton, Mary E, Command, Rylan J, Richards, Cerren, Shellard, Marc, Geraldi, Nathan R, Vergara, Valeria, Acevedo-Charry, Orlando, Colón-Piñeiro, Zuania, Ocampo, David, Ocampo-Peñuela, Natalia, Sánchez-Clavijo, Lina M, Adamescu, Cristian M, Cheval, Sorin, Racoviceanu, Tudor, Adams, Matthew D, Kalisa, Egide, Kuuire, Vincent Z, Aditya, Vikram, Anderwald, Pia, Wiesmann, Samuel, Wipf, Sonja, Badihi, Gal, Henderson, Matthew G, Loetscher, Hanspeter, Baerenfaller, Katja, Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro, Bulleri, Fabio, Bertocci, Iacopo, Maggi, Elena, Rindi, Luca, Ravaglioli, Chiara, Boerder, Kristina, Bonnel, Julien, Mathias, Delphine, Archambault, Philippe, Chauvaud, Laurent, Braun, Camrin D, Thorrold, Simon R, Brownscombe, Jacob W, Midwood, Jonathan D, Boston, Christine M, Brooks, Jill L, Cooke, Steven J, China, Victor, Roll, Uri, Belmaker, Jonathan, Zvuloni, Assaf, Coll, Marta, Ortega, Miquel, Connors, Brendan, Lacko, Lisa, Jayathilake, Dinusha RM, Costello, Mark J, Crimmins, Theresa M, Barnett, LoriAnne, Denny, Ellen G, Gerst, Katharine L, Marsh, RL, Posthumus, Erin E, Rodriguez, Reilly, Rosemartin, Alyssa, Schaffer, Sara N, Switzer, Jeff R, Wong, Kevin, Cunningham, Susan J, Sumasgutner, Petra, Amar, Arjun, Thomson, Robert L, Stofberg, Miqkayla, Hofmeyr, Sally, Suri, Jessleena, Stuart-Smith, Rick D, Day, Paul B, Edgar, Graham J, Cooper, Antonia T, De Leo, Fabio Cabrera, Garner, Grant, Brisay, Paulson G Des, Schrimpf, Michael B, Koper, Nicola, Diamond, Michael S, Dwyer, Ross G, Baker, Cameron J, Franklin, Craig E, Efrat, Ron, Berger-Tal, Oded, Hatzofe, Ohad, Eguíluz, Víctor M, Rodríguez, Jorge P, Fernández-Gracia, Juan, Elustondo, David, Calatayud, Vicent, English, Philina A, Archer, Stephanie K, Dudas, Sarah E, and Haggarty, Dana R

Subjects
Life on Land, Pandemic, Biodiversity, Restoration, Global monitoring, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

The global lockdown to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic health risks has altered human interactions with nature. Here, we report immediate impacts of changes in human activities on wildlife and environmental threats during the early lockdown months of 2020, based on 877 qualitative reports and 332 quantitative assessments from 89 different studies. Hundreds of reports of unusual species observations from around the world suggest that animals quickly responded to the reductions in human presence. However, negative effects of lockdown on conservation also emerged, as confinement resulted in some park officials being unable to perform conservation, restoration and enforcement tasks, resulting in local increases in illegal activities such as hunting. Overall, there is a complex mixture of positive and negative effects of the pandemic lockdown on nature, all of which have the potential to lead to cascading responses which in turn impact wildlife and nature conservation. While the net effect of the lockdown will need to be assessed over years as data becomes available and persistent effects emerge, immediate responses were detected across the world. Thus, initial qualitative and quantitative data arising from this serendipitous global quasi-experimental perturbation highlights the dual role that humans play in threatening and protecting species and ecosystems. Pathways to favorably tilt this delicate balance include reducing impacts and increasing conservation effectiveness.

Published
2021

12. Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment

Author

Bates, Amanda E., Primack, Richard B., Biggar, Brandy S., Bird, Tomas J., Clinton, Mary E., Command, Rylan J., Richards, Cerren, Shellard, Marc, Geraldi, Nathan R., Vergara, Valeria, Acevedo-Charry, Orlando, Colón-Piñeiro, Zuania, Ocampo, David, Ocampo-Peñuela, Natalia, Sánchez-Clavijo, Lina M., Adamescu, Cristian M., Cheval, Sorin, Racoviceanu, Tudor, Adams, Matthew D., Kalisa, Egide, Kuuire, Vincent Z., Aditya, Vikram, Anderwald, Pia, Wiesmann, Samuel, Wipf, Sonja, Badihi, Gal, Henderson, Matthew G., Loetscher, Hanspeter, Baerenfaller, Katja, Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro, Bulleri, Fabio, Bertocci, Iacopo, Maggi, Elena, Rindi, Luca, Ravaglioli, Chiara, Boerder, Kristina, Bonnel, Julien, Mathias, Delphine, Archambault, Philippe, Chauvaud, Laurent, Braun, Camrin D., Thorrold, Simon R., Brownscombe, Jacob W., Midwood, Jonathan D., Boston, Christine M., Brooks, Jill L., Cooke, Steven J., China, Victor, Roll, Uri, Belmaker, Jonathan, Zvuloni, Assaf, Coll, Marta, Ortega, Miquel, Connors, Brendan, Lacko, Lisa, Jayathilake, Dinusha R.M., Costello, Mark J., Crimmins, Theresa M., Barnett, LoriAnne, Denny, Ellen G., Gerst, Katharine L., Marsh, R.L., Posthumus, Erin E., Rodriguez, Reilly, Rosemartin, Alyssa, Schaffer, Sara N., Switzer, Jeff R., Wong, Kevin, Cunningham, Susan J., Sumasgutner, Petra, Amar, Arjun, Thomson, Robert L., Stofberg, Miqkayla, Hofmeyr, Sally, Suri, Jessleena, Stuart-Smith, Rick D., Day, Paul B., Edgar, Graham J., Cooper, Antonia T., De Leo, Fabio Cabrera, Garner, Grant, Des Brisay, Paulson G., Schrimpf, Michael B., Koper, Nicola, Diamond, Michael S., Dwyer, Ross G., Baker, Cameron J., Franklin, Craig E., Efrat, Ron, Berger-Tal, Oded, Hatzofe, Ohad, Eguíluz, Víctor M., Rodríguez, Jorge P., Fernández-Gracia, Juan, Elustondo, David, Calatayud, Vicent, English, Philina A., Archer, Stephanie K., Dudas, Sarah E., Haggarty, Dana R., Gallagher, Austin J., Shea, Brendan D., Shipley, Oliver N., Gilby, Ben L., Ballantyne, Jasmine, Olds, Andrew D., Henderson, Christopher J., Schlacher, Thomas A., Halliday, William D., Brown, Nicholas A.W., Woods, Mackenzie B., Balshine, Sigal, Juanes, Francis, Rider, Mitchell J., Albano, Patricia S., Hammerschlag, Neil, Hays, Graeme C., Esteban, Nicole, Pan, Yuhang, He, Guojun, Tanaka, Takanao, Hensel, Marc J.S., Orth, Robert J., Patrick, Christopher J., Hentati-Sundberg, Jonas, Olsson, Olof, Hessing-Lewis, Margot L., Higgs, Nicholas D., Hindell, Mark A., McMahon, Clive R., Harcourt, Rob, Guinet, Christophe, Hirsch, Sarah E., Perrault, Justin R., Hoover, Shelby R., Reilly, Jennifer D., Hobaiter, Catherine, Gruber, Thibaud, Huveneers, Charlie, Udyawer, Vinay, Clarke, Thomas M., Kroesen, Laura P., Hik, David S., Cherry, Seth G., Del Bel Belluz, Justin A., Jackson, Jennifer M., Lai, Shengjie, Lamb, Clayton T., LeClair, Gregory D., Parmelee, Jeffrey R., Chatfield, Matthew W.H., Frederick, Cheryl A., Lee, Sangdon, Park, Hyomin, Choi, Jaein, LeTourneux, Frédéric, Grandmont, Thierry, de-Broin, Frédéric Dulude, Bêty, Joël, Gauthier, Gilles, Legagneux, Pierre, Lewis, Jesse S., Haight, Jeffrey, Liu, Zhu, Lyon, Jarod P., Hale, Robin, D'Silva, Dallas, MacGregor-Fors, Ian, Arbeláez-Cortés, Enrique, Estela, Felipe A., Sánchez-Sarria, Camilo E., García-Arroyo, Michelle, Aguirre-Samboní, Giann K., Franco Morales, Juan C., Malamud, Shahar, Gavriel, Tal, Buba, Yehezkel, Salingré, Shira, Lazarus, Mai, Yahel, Ruthy, Ari, Yigael Ben, Miller, Eyal, Sade, Rotem, Lavian, Guy, Birman, Ziv, Gury, Manor, Baz, Harel, Baskin, Ilia, Penn, Alon, Dolev, Amit, Licht, Ogen, Karkom, Tabi, Davidzon, Sharon, Berkovitch, Avi, Yaakov, Ofer, Manenti, Raoul, Mori, Emiliano, Ficetola, Gentile Francesco, Lunghi, Enrico, March, David, Godley, Brendan J., Martin, Cecilia, Mihaly, Steven F., Barclay, David R., Thomson, Dugald J.M., Dewey, Richard, Bedard, Jeannette, Miller, Aroha, Dearden, Amber, Chapman, Jennifer, Dares, Lauren, Borden, Laura, Gibbs, Donna, Schultz, Jessica, Sergeenko, Nikita, Francis, Fiona, Weltman, Amanda, Moity, Nicolas, Ramírez-González, Jorge, Mucientes, Gonzalo, Alonso-Fernández, Alexandre, Namir, Itai, Bar-Massada, Avi, Chen, Ron, Yedvab, Shmulik, Okey, Thomas A., Oppel, Steffen, Arkumarev, Volen, Bakari, Samuel, Dobrev, Vladimir, Saravia-Mullin, Victoria, Bounas, Anastasios, Dobrev, Dobromir, Kret, Elzbieta, Mengistu, Solomon, Pourchier, Cloé, Ruffo, Alazar, Tesfaye, Million, Wondafrash, Mengistu, Nikolov, Stoyan C., Palmer, Charles, Sileci, Lorenzo, Rex, Patrick T., Lowe, Christopher G., Peters, Francesc, Pine, Matthew K., Radford, Craig A., Wilson, Louise, McWhinnie, Lauren, Scuderi, Alessia, Jeffs, Andrew G., Prudic, Kathleen L., Larrivée, Maxim, McFarland, Kent P., Solis, Rodrigo, Hutchinson, Rebecca A., Queiroz, Nuno, Furtado, Miguel A., Sims, David W., Southall, Emily, Quesada-Rodriguez, Claudio A., Diaz-Orozco, Jessica P., Rodgers, Ku'ulei S., Severino, Sarah J.L., Graham, Andrew T., Stefanak, Matthew P., Madin, Elizabeth M.P., Ryan, Peter G., Maclean, Kyle, Weideman, Eleanor A., Şekercioğlu, Çağan H., Kittelberger, Kyle D., Kusak, Josip, Seminoff, Jeffrey A., Hanna, Megan E., Shimada, Takahiro, Meekan, Mark G., Smith, Martin K.S., Mokhatla, Mohlamatsane M., Soh, Malcolm C.K., Pang, Roanna Y.T., Ng, Breyl X.K., Lee, Benjamin P.Y.-H., Loo, Adrian H.B., Er, Kenneth B.H., Souza, Gabriel B.G., Stallings, Christopher D., Curtis, Joseph S., Faletti, Meaghan E., Peake, Jonathan A., Schram, Michael J., Wall, Kara R., Terry, Carina, Rothendler, Matt, Zipf, Lucy, Ulloa, Juan Sebastián, Hernández-Palma, Angélica, Gómez-Valencia, Bibiana, Cruz-Rodríguez, Cristian, Herrera-Varón, Yenifer, Roa, Margarita, Rodríguez-Buriticá, Susana, Ochoa-Quintero, Jose Manuel, Vardi, Reut, Vázquez, Víctor, Requena-Mesa, Christian, Warrington, Miyako H., Taylor, Michelle E., Woodall, Lucy C., Stefanoudis, Paris V., Zhang, Xiangliang, Yang, Qiang, Zukerman, Yuval, Sigal, Zehava, Ayali, Amir, Clua, Eric E.G., Carzon, Pamela, Seguine, Clementine, Corradini, Andrea, Pedrotti, Luca, Foley, Catherine M., Gagnon, Catherine Alexandra, Panipakoochoo, Elijah, Milanes, Celene B., Botero, Camilo M., Velázquez, Yunior R., Milchakova, Nataliya A., Morley, Simon A., Martin, Stephanie M., Nanni, Veronica, Otero, Tanya, Wakeling, Julia, Abarro, Sarah, Piou, Cyril, Sobral, Ana F.L., Soto, Eulogio H., Weigel, Emily G., Bernal-Ibáñez, Alejandro, Gestoso, Ignacio, Cacabelos, Eva, Cagnacci, Francesca, Devassy, Reny P., Loretto, Matthias-Claudio, Moraga, Paula, Rutz, Christian, and Duarte, Carlos M.

Published
2021
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19. Fluvial Sediment Yields in Hyper-Arid Areas, Exemplified by Nahal Nehushtan, Israel

Author

Rachel Armoza-Zvuloni, Yanai Shlomi, Itay Abadi, Rachamim Shem-Tov, and Jonathan B. Laronne

Subjects
sediment yield, flash flood, hyper-arid, stratigraphy, event-layer, reservoirs, Agriculture
Abstract

Floods rarely occur in hyper-arid deserts and little is known about the magnitude and frequency of sediment delivery from their basins, despite their importance to changes to the landscape, infrastructures and engineering activities. Sediment yield from the Nahal Nehushtan watershed (11.9 km2) located in the Timna Valley in southern Israel was determined by assessing stratigraphic sections in its 60-year reservoir deposits. Stratigraphic correlation between event couplets allowed for quantification of sediment yields representing 13 former flow and flood events. Based on the sediment volume in the reservoir, the 29.8 t km−2 year−1 average specific sediment yield is one of the lowest among other studied warm deserts. Among the event layers, the thickest layer, deposited by a flash flood caused by a single short rain event, contributed 31% of the total sediment yield. Based on event reservoir sedimentation from watersheds located in several hyper-arid areas in the Middle East and North America, we demonstrate that sediment yield increases with drainage area as expected and mean annual sediment yield increases in hyper-arid areas with flood frequency. Our quantitative results, together with previous studies of hyper-arid areas, provide complementary evidence of fluvial sediment transport—the main landscape designer in hyper-arid fluvial landscapes.

Published
2022
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21. Science, Diplomacy, and the Red Sea’s Unique Coral Reef: It’s Time for Action

Author

Karine Kleinhaus, Ali Al-Sawalmih, Daniel J. Barshis, Amatzia Genin, Lola N. Grace, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Yossi Loya, Anders Meibom, Eslam O. Osman, Jean-Daniel Ruch, Yonathan Shaked, Christian R. Voolstra, Assaf Zvuloni, and Maoz Fine

Subjects
Red Sea, coral reef, coral bleaching, climate change, science diplomacy, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Rapid ocean warming due to climate change poses a serious risk to the survival of coral reefs. It is estimated that 70–90 percent of all reefs will be severely degraded by mid-century even if the 1.5°C goal of the Paris Climate Agreement is achieved. However, one coral reef ecosystem seems to be more resilient to rising sea temperatures than most others. The Red Sea’s reef ecosystem is one of the longest continuous living reefs in the world, and its northernmost portion extends into the Gulf of Aqaba. The scleractinian corals in the Gulf have an unusually high tolerance for the rapidly warming seawater in the region. They withstand water temperature anomalies that cause severe bleaching or mortality in most hard corals elsewhere. This uniquely resilient reef employs biological mechanisms which are likely to be important for coral survival as the planet’s oceans warm. The Gulf of Aqaba could potentially be one of the planet’s largest marine refuges from climate change. However, this unique portion of the Red Sea’s reef will only survive and flourish if serious regional environmental challenges are addressed. Localized anthropogenic stressors compound the effects of warming seawater to damage corals and should be mitigated immediately. Reefs in the rest of the Red Sea are already experiencing temperatures above their thermal tolerance and have had significant bleaching, though they too would benefit from fewer local anthropogenic stressors. The countries bordering the entire Red Sea will need to cooperate to enable effective scientific research and conservation. The newly established Transnational Red Sea Center, based at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), can serve as the regionally inclusive, neutral organization to foster crucial regional scientific collaboration.

Published
2020
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23. Drought and Anthropogenic Effects on Acacia Populations: A Case Study from the Hyper-Arid Southern Israel

Author

Rachel Armoza-Zvuloni, Yanai Shlomi, Rachamim Shem-Tov, Ilan Stavi, and Itay Abadi

Subjects
alluvial fan, annual rainfall, Arava Valley, long-term population dynamics, hyper-arid regions, acacia populations, Physical geography, GB3-5030, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Acacia encompasses a keystone genus across the Middle Eastern and African drylands. This study assesses the dynamics of Acacia populations in two ephemeral stream channels (Nahal Naomi and Nahal Yael) in the hyper-arid Arava region following the establishment of a dam in the upstream channel of Nahal Yael and a long-term regional drought episode. The assessments were conducted at the individual and population levels, for a period of 45 years (during 1972, 1994 and 2017). In Nahal Naomi, the population increased by 35% during 1972–1994 (a relatively rainy period) and experienced low mortality (net change of +1.6% year−1). However, following a regional drought episode between 1995 and 2009, this population decreased by 57% (net change of −2.5% year−1). In Nahal Yael, the acacia population declined by 66% during 1972–1994 (net change of −1.6% year−1). Between 1994–2017, this population was co-affected by dam and drought, with no recruitment, and declined by 70% (net change of −2.0% year−1). By examining the tree’s specific location, species, age and state of preservation of dead individuals, we identified factors that influence tree mortality, and highlighted the adverse impacts of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on Acacia populations in hyper-arid environments.

Published
2021
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24. On Merging Feature Engineering and Deep Learning for Diagnosis, Risk Prediction and Age Estimation Based on the 12-Lead ECG

Author

Zvuloni, Eran, Read, Jesse, Horta Ribeiro, Antônio, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P., Behar, Joachim A., Zvuloni, Eran, Read, Jesse, Horta Ribeiro, Antônio, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P., and Behar, Joachim A.

Abstract

Objective: Over the past few years, deep learning (DL) has been used extensively in research for 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis. However, it is unclear whether the explicit or implicit claims made on DL superiority to the more classical feature engineering (FE) approaches, based on domain knowledge, hold. In addition, it remains unclear whether combining DL with FE may improve performance over a single modality. Methods: To address these research gaps and in-line with recent major experiments, we revisited three tasks: cardiac arrhythmia diagnosis (multiclass-multilabel classification), atrial fibrillation risk prediction (binary classification), and age estimation (regression). We used an overall dataset of 2.3M 12-lead ECG recordings to train the following models for each task: i) a random forest taking FE as input; ii) an end-to-end DL model; and iii) a merged model of FE+DL. Results: FE yielded comparable results to DL while necessitating significantly less data for the two classification tasks. DL outperformed FE for the regression task. For all tasks, merging FE with DL did not improve performance over DL alone. These findings were confirmed on the additional PTB-XL dataset. Conclusion: We found that for traditional 12-lead ECG based diagnosis tasks, DL did not yield a meaningful improvement over FE, while it improved significantly the nontraditional regression task. We also found that combining FE with DL did not improve over DL alone, which suggests that the FE was redundant with the features learned by DL. Significance: Our findings provides important recommendations on 12-lead ECG based machine learning strategy and data regime to choose for a given task. When looking at maximizing performance as the end goal, if the task is nontraditional and a large dataset is available then DL is preferable. If the task is a classical one and/or a small dataset is available then a FE approach may be the better choice.

Published
2023
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32. Release of hydrogen peroxide and antioxidants by the coral Stylophora pistillata to its external milieu

Author

R. Armoza-Zvuloni and Y. Shaked

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a common reactive oxygen species, plays multiple roles in coral health and disease. Elevated H2O2 production by the symbiotic algae during stress may result in symbiosis breakdown and bleaching of the coral. We have recently reported that various Red Sea corals release H2O2 and antioxidants to their external milieu, and can influence the H2O2 dynamics in the reef. Here, we present a laboratory characterization of H2O2 and antioxidant activity release kinetics by intact, non-stressed Stylophora pistillata. Experimenting with bleached and non-bleached corals and different stirring speeds, we explored the sources and modes of H2O2 and antioxidant release. Since H2O2 is produced and degraded simultaneously, we developed a methodology for resolving the actual H2O2 concentrations released by the corals. H2O2 and antioxidant activity steadily increased in the water surrounding the coral over short periods of 1–2 h. Over longer periods of 5–7 h, the antioxidant activity kept increasing with time, while H2O2 concentrations were stabilized at ~ 1 μM by 1–3 h, and then gradually declined. Solving for H2O2 release, corals were found to release H2O2 at increasing rates over 2–4 h, and then to slow down and stop by 5–7 h. Stirring was shown to induce the release of H2O2, possibly since the flow reduces the thickness of the diffusive boundary layer of the coral, and thus increases H2O2 mass flux. Antioxidant activity was released at similar rates by bleached and non-bleached corals, suggesting that the antioxidants did not originate from the symbiotic algae. H2O2, however, was not released from bleached corals, implying that the symbiotic algae are the source of the released H2O2. The observed flow-induced H2O2 release may aid corals in removing some of the internal H2O2 produced by their symbiotic algae, and may possibly assist in preventing coral bleaching under conditions of elevated temperature and irradiance.

Published
2014
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39. Rapid Hydrogen Peroxide Release during Coral-Bacteria Interactions

Author

Rachel Armoza-Zvuloni, Avi Schneider, and Yeala Shaked

Subjects
Hydrogen Peroxide, Vibrio, Antibacterial activity, Stylophora pistillata, coral–bacteria interactions, coral surface layer, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

Ocean warming has exacerbated the severity of coral diseases, many of which are mediated by pathogenic bacteria. In response to the presence of pathogens various organisms activate an oxidative burst response, involving strong and rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that serve both as bactericides and as signals for other defense systems. While many components of the coral immune systems are being unveiled, an oxidative burst response, triggered by bacteria proximity, has not yet been reported. Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2), one of the ROS produced during the oxidative burst, is often monitored as an indicator of this pathway. Here we report a yet undescribed release of H2O2 from the coral Stylophora pistillata upon contact with bacteria. In a series of short term experiments we monitored H2O2 concentrations in the vicinity of S. pistillata fragments prior to and following local administration of five bacteria isolates belonging to the genus Vibrio (obtained from healthy S. pistillata). In most experiments, rapid H2O2 release was recorded at the site of interaction within one minute from Vibrio addition and persisted for the remaining five minutes of the experiment. In some experiments, discrete or continuous drop of H2O2 to below background levels were seen following Vibrio addition. This H2O2 loss was quantitatively accounted for by the bacterial antioxidants and imply that Vibrio may at times offset the coral released H2O2The total H2O2 released by the coral from the small interaction site (~10 mm2) was 200-600 pmol, which may build up to a concentration of ~20 µM in the coral diffusive boundary layer. H2O2 concentrations above 10 µM resulted in significant mortality of the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus, suggesting that the released H2O2 may act as bactericide. It is thus far unclear if this H2O2 release is part of an oxidative burst response, yet it strongly indicates that corals sense and chemically react towards bacteria.

Published
2016
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41. Modeling the Impact of White-Plague Coral Disease in Climate Change Scenarios.

Author

Assaf Zvuloni, Yael Artzy-Randrup, Guy Katriel, Yossi Loya, and Lewi Stone

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Coral reefs are in global decline, with coral diseases increasing both in prevalence and in space, a situation that is expected only to worsen as future thermal stressors increase. Through intense surveillance, we have collected a unique and highly resolved dataset from the coral reef of Eilat (Israel, Red Sea), that documents the spatiotemporal dynamics of a White Plague Disease (WPD) outbreak over the course of a full season. Based on modern statistical methodologies, we develop a novel spatial epidemiological model that uses a maximum-likelihood procedure to fit the data and assess the transmission pattern of WPD. We link the model to sea surface temperature (SST) and test the possible effect of increasing temperatures on disease dynamics. Our results reveal that the likelihood of a susceptible coral to become infected is governed both by SST and by its spatial location relative to nearby infected corals. The model shows that the magnitude of WPD epidemics strongly depends on demographic circumstances; under one extreme, when recruitment is free-space regulated and coral density remains relatively constant, even an increase of only 0.5°C in SST can cause epidemics to double in magnitude. In reality, however, the spatial nature of transmission can effectively protect the community, restricting the magnitude of annual epidemics. This is because the probability of susceptible corals to become infected is negatively associated with coral density. Based on our findings, we expect that infectious diseases having a significant spatial component, such as Red-Sea WPD, will never lead to a complete destruction of the coral community under increased thermal stress. However, this also implies that signs of recovery of local coral communities may be misleading; indicative more of spatial dynamics than true rehabilitation of these communities. In contrast to earlier generic models, our approach captures dynamics of WPD both in space and time, accounting for the highly seasonal nature of annual WPD outbreaks.

Published
2015
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42. Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: Fecal calprotectin response to Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha

Author

Manar Matar, Rachel Levi, Maya Zvuloni, Raanan Shamir, and Amit Assa

Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Abstract

Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a marker of mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to assess the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) therapy on FC levels in children with IBD.The medical records of pediatric patients treated with anti-TNFα agents (2015-2020) were reviewed retrospectively. 63 patients had FC levels measured prior to anti TNFα induction with sequential measurements during follow-up. The main outcome measures were time to FC response according to cutoffs of 250, 150, 100 and 50 µgr/gr.Mean age was 13.6 ± 3 years [females 28 (44.4%), Crohn's 55 (87%)]. Outcomes of 250, 150, 100 and 50 µgr/gr were achieved by 52 (82%), 51 (81%), 44 (70%) and 32 (50%), respectively. The median time for achieving these cutoffs was 4.8 (1.8-15.6), 7.9 (2.6-16.4), 10.0 (3.5-20.5) and 18.5 (7.0-64.7) months, respectively. Shorter time from diagnosis to treatment was associated with achievement of FC 50 µgr/gr (p = 0.03). There was no association between age, disease type, anti-TNFα type, inflammatory markers, disease activity indices at baseline and induction anti-TNFα trough concentration and FC response.FC response was achieved by the majority of patients treated with anti-TNFα within a short period of time. FC normalization in responders required almost one year.Fecal calprotectin response was achieved by the majority of pediatric patients within a relatively short period of time after anti-TNFα induction and maintenance therapy. Fecal calprotectin normalization required an average period of approximately one year in responders. The faster response of fecal calprotectin is associated with shorter time from diagnosis to anti-TNFα treatment. Inflammatory bowel disease treating physicians should be aware of the relatively prolonged time to fecal calprotectin normalization and to allow enough time for anti-TNFα therapy to express its full potential prior to significant interventions.

Published
2021

43. High anti-TNFα Concentrations Are Not Associated With More Adverse Events in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Author

Maya Zvuloni, Dror S. Shouval, Rachel Levi, M Matar, Raanan Shamir, and Amit Assa

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Necrosis, Inflammatory bowel disease, Refractory, Crohn Disease, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Adverse effect, Child, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Medical record, Gastroenterology, Adalimumab, medicine.disease, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Infliximab, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cohort, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Female, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) therapy is commonly used to treat refractory pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and carry risks for adverse events. We aimed to assess the relationship between anti-TNFα trough concentrations and adverse events rate among pediatric patients with IBD. The medical records of pediatric patients with IBD who were treated with anti-TNFα agents from 2015 to 2020 and had sequential monitoring of trough concentration (TC) were reviewed retrospectively for the presence of adverse events. The study cohort included 135 eligible patients (59 [43.7%] girls, mean age at diagnosis 12.9 [±3] years, 111 [82.2%] Crohn disease) who had 1589 measurements of TCs (1037 [63%] infliximab). During a median follow-up period of 1.7 years (IQR 1.1-2.7), we recorded 156 adverse events in 50 patients (37%). Higher TCs were not associated with higher rate of anti-TNFα-related adverse events whereas these events (excluding increase in liver transaminases) were associated with younger age.

Published
2021

46. Distribution of fluvial sediment yields in hyper-arid areas, exemplified by Nahal Nehushtan, Israel

Author

Rachamim Shem-Tov, Jonathan B. Laronne, Itay Abadi, Yanai Shlomi, and Rachel Armoza-Zvuloni

Subjects
Hydrology, business.industry, Distribution (economics), business, Fluvial sediment, Arid, Geology
Abstract

Floods rarely occur in hyper-arid deserts and little is known about the magnitude and frequency of sediment delivery from their basins, despite their importance to changes to the landscape as well as to infrastructures and engineering activities. Sediment yield from the Nahal Nehushtan watershed (15.7 km2) located in the Timna Valley in southern Israel, was determined by assessing stratigraphic sections in its 60-year reservoir deposits. Stratigraphic correlation between event couplets allowed quantification of sediment yields representing 13 former flash-flood events. Based on the sediment volume in the reservoir, the 24.6 t km-2 y-1 average sediment yield is the lowest among other studied warm deserts. Among the event layers, five are voluminously small and seven are medium-sized. The thickest layer, deposited by a flash flood caused by a single short rain event, contributed 29% of the total sediment yield. This demonstrates the overarching effect of medium magnitude events on the rate of sediment production in a hyper-arid setting. Based on event reservoir sedimentation from watersheds located in several hyper-arid areas in the Middle East and North America, sediment load increases with drainage area as expected; however, sediment yield does not decrease with drainage area, as was shown for arid environments. Overall, mean annual sediment yield is very low and increases with flood frequency, with considerable variation generated by local characteristics. Our quantitative results together with previous studies of hyper-arid areas, provide complementary evidence of fluvial sediment transport - the main landscape designer in fluvial desert landscapes.

Published
2021
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47. Global COVID-19 lockdown highlights humans as both threats and custodians of the environment

Author

Francesca Cagnacci, Anastasios Bounas, Víctor Vázquez, Volen Arkumarev, Margarita Roa, Christopher J. Henderson, Neil Hammerschlag, Marc J. S. Hensel, Ian MacGregor-Fors, Catherine Hobaiter, Elijah Panipakoochoo, Gonzalo Mucientes, Million Tesfaye, Camilo E. Sánchez-Sarria, Dallas D'Silva, Grant Garner, Cloé Pourchier, Erin E. Posthumus, Zuania Colón-Piñeiro, Theresa M. Crimmins, Charlie Huveneers, Victor China, William D. Halliday, Avi Bar-Massada, Breyl X. K. Ng, Jennifer D. Reilly, Brendan J. Godley, Thibaud Gruber, Natalia Ocampo-Peñuela, Mitchell J. Rider, Lori Anne Barnett, Vladimir Dobrev, Nicholas D. Higgs, Christopher J. Patrick, Angélica Hernández-Palma, Kenneth B.H. Er, Rebecca A. Hutchinson, Harel Baz, Pia Anderwald, Marc Shellard, Camilo M. Botero, Sang Don Lee, Megan E. Hanna, Christopher D. Stallings, Yehezkel Buba, Pamela Carzon, Aroha Miller, David R. Barclay, Steffen Oppel, Juan Sebastian Ulloa, Víctor M. Eguíluz, Justin R. Perrault, Thomas A. Schlacher, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, Victoria Saravia-Mullin, Nuno Queiroz, Fabio Bulleri, Zehava Sigal, Robert J. Orth, Jonas Hentati-Sundberg, Tomas J. Bird, Ron Chen, Jarod Lyon, Mengistu Wondafrash, Laurent Chauvaud, Gabriel Barros Gonçalves de Souza, Sarah J. L. Severino, Clive R. McMahon, Christian Requena-Mesa, Eulogio H. Soto, Amir Ayali, Jesse S. Lewis, Mark J. Costello, Miguel A. Furtado, Jessica P. Diaz-Orozco, Eleanor A. Weideman, Kyle Maclean, Frédéric LeTourneux, Lorenzo Sileci, Clementine Seguine, Sarah Abarro, Mackenzie B. Woods, David March, Qiang Yang, Katja Baerenfaller, Catherine M. Foley, Sharon Davidzon, David W. Sims, Ku'ulei S. Rodgers, Cheryl A. Frederick, Andrew G. Jeffs, Ohad Hatzofe, Yigael Ben Ari, Shmulik Yedvab, Cyril Piou, Gregory D. LeClair, Juan C. Franco Morales, Matthew G. Henderson, Cristian A. Cruz-Rodríguez, Ron Efrat, Tabi Karkom, Thomas A. Okey, Tudor Racoviceanu, Enrico Lunghi, Alazar Ruffo, Mohlamatsane M. Mokhatla, Ofer Yaakov, Stephanie M. Martin, Dobromir Dobrev, Matthew K. Pine, Dinusha R.M. Jayathilake, Antonia T. Cooper, Andrea Corradini, Eva Cacabelos, Yunior R. Velázquez, Amber Dearden, Iacopo Bertocci, Tal Gavriel, Sarah E. Hirsch, Elzbieta Kret, Meaghan E. Faletti, Matthew W. H. Chatfield, Lucy C. Woodall, Mary E. Clinton, Gal Badihi, Ilia Baskin, Carina Terry, Christopher G. Lowe, Joseph S. Curtis, Brandy S. Biggar, Nicole Esteban, Ellen G. Denny, Margot L. Hessing-Lewis, David Elustondo, Jeffrey Haight, Donna Gibbs, Robert L. Thomson, Maxim Larrivée, Matthew D. Adams, Camrin D. Braun, Mark G. Meekan, Brendan Connors, Avi Berkovitch, Jessica Schultz, Sigal Balshine, Lauren McWhinnie, Hanspeter Loetscher, Vicent Calatayud, Simon R. Thorrold, Christian Rutz, Nataliya A. Milchakova, Martin K.S. Smith, Stephanie K. Archer, Richard K. Dewey, Raoul Manenti, Kristina Boerder, Alon Penn, Ogen Licht, Susana Rodríguez-Buriticá, Zhu Liu, Rotem Sade, Michael B. Schrimpf, Nicola Koper, Rick D. Stuart-Smith, Austin J. Gallagher, Clayton T. Lamb, Reilly Rodriguez, Luca Pedrotti, Arjun Amar, Amanda E. Bates, Solomon Mengistu, Thierry Grandmont, Guojun He, Oliver N. Shipley, Sara N. Schaffer, Jorge P. Rodríguez, Cecilia Martin, Robin Hale, Simon A. Morley, Eyal Miller, Catherine Alexandra Gagnon, Sarah E. Dudas, Hyomin Park, Sally Hofmeyr, Paulson G. Des Brisay, Matthias-Claudio Loretto, Assaf Zvuloni, Elena Maggi, Jasmine A. Ballantyne, Susan J. Cunningham, Malcolm C.K. Soh, Elizabeth M. P. Madin, Sonja Wipf, David S. Hik, Stoyan C. Nikolov, Cameron J. Baker, Ben L. Gilby, Felipe A. Estela, Chiara Ravaglioli, Christophe Guinet, Alyssa Rosemartin, Lauren Dares, Gilles Gauthier, Michelle García-Arroyo, Luca Rindi, Oded Berger-Tal, Brendan D. Shea, Lucy Zipf, Michael S. Diamond, Shengjie Lai, Giann K. Aguirre-Samboní, Jennifer M. Jackson, Peter G. Ryan, Emily J. Southall, Kyle D. Kittelberger, Fabio C. De Leo, Jonathan Belmaker, Olof Olsson, Steven J. Cooke, Yuhang Pan, Rylan J. Command, Vincent Z. Kuuire, Kevin Wong, Reut Vardi, Xiangliang Zhang, Cristian Mihai Adamescu, Craig A. Radford, Enrique Arbeláez-Cortés, Andrew Graham, Joël Bêty, Charles Palmer, Yuval Zukerman, Miyako H. Warrington, Michael J. Schram, Amit Dolev, Orlando Acevedo-Charry, Claudio A. Quesada-Rodriguez, Kara R. Wall, Nikita Sergeenko, Celene B. Milanes, Jaein Choi, Paula Moraga, Jeff Switzer, Yenifer Herrera-Varón, Jonathan D. Midwood, Manor Gury, Amanda Weltman, Emiliano Mori, Thomas M. Clarke, Mai Lazarus, Jeffrey R. Parmelee, Petra Sumasgutner, Patrick T. Rex, Ziv Birman, Rodrigo Solis, Jennifer Chapman, Alejandro Bernal-Ibáñez, Vinay Udyawer, Itai Namir, David Ocampo, Justin A. Del Bel Belluz, Egide Kalisa, Reny P. Devassy, Pierre Legagneux, Jorge Ramírez-González, Jessleena Suri, Shelby R. Hoover, Michelle E. Taylor, Carlos M. Duarte, Ana F. L. Sobral, Graham J. Edgar, Francesc Peters, Philina A. English, Francis Juanes, Lisa C. Lacko, Marta Coll, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Nicolas Moity, Emily Weigel, Nathan R. Geraldi, Jill L. Brooks, Philippe Archambault, Nicholas A. W. Brown, Julia Wakeling, Tanya Otero, Matt Rothendler, Shira Salingré, Laura Borden, Richard B. Primack, Veronica Nanni, Miqkayla Stofberg, Guy Lavian, Jacob W. Brownscombe, Samuel Bakari, Jonathan A. Peake, Andrew D. Olds, Paris V. Stefanoudis, Patricia S. Albano, Alexandre Alonso-Fernández, Seth G. Cherry, Juan Fernández-Gracia, Çağan H. Şekercioğlu, Shahar Malamud, Eric Clua, Jeannette Bedard, Dugald Thomson, Josip Kusak, Uri Roll, Louise Wilson, Craig E. Franklin, Roanna Y. T. Pang, Jose Manuel Ochoa-Quintero, Lina María Sánchez-Clavijo, Julien Bonnel, Sorin Cheval, Christine M. Boston, Mark A. Hindell, R. L. Marsh, Ruthy Yahel, Samuel Wiesmann, Frédéric Dulude de-Broin, Adrian H.B. Loo, Ross G. Dwyer, Takahiro Shimada, M. Ortega, Laura P. Kroesen, Ignacio Gestoso, Bibiana Gómez-Valencia, Valeria Vergara, Takanao Tanaka, Fiona Francis, Benjamin P. Y.-H. Lee, Delphine Mathias, Steven Mihaly, Kathleen L. Prudic, Alessia Scuderi, Dana Haggarty, Kent P. McFarland, Katharine L. Gerst, Paul B. Day, Vikram Aditya, Graeme C. Hays, Cerren Richards, Jeffrey A. Seminoff, Robert Harcourt, Matthew P. Stefanak, European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Department of Ocean Sciences [Newfoudland, Canada] (Memorial University of Newfoundland), Memorial University of Newfoundland (Memorial University of Newfoundland)-Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, National Geographic Society, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, and Group, PAN-Environment Working

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, QH301 Biology, Politique sanitaire, Biodiversity, GF Human ecology. Anthropogeography, 01 natural sciences, 3rd-NDAS, Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Zoogeografi: 486 [VDP], RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Pandemic, Enforcement, GE, pandémie, évaluation de l'impact social, COVID-19, lockdown, human activity, wildlife, environmental treats, GF, Global monitoring, S50 - Santé humaine, Nature Conservation, Restoration, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Conservation de la nature, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Samfunnsvitenskap: 200::Samfunnsgeografi: 290 [VDP], GE Environmental Sciences, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Wildlife, 010603 evolutionary biology, Surveillance de l’environnement, Article, QH301, Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Etologi: 485 [VDP], Dual role, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 [VDP], 14. Life underwater, Environmental planning, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Custodians, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Impact sur l'environnement, Évaluation de l'impact, 15. Life on land, Protection de l'environnement, 13. Climate action, Business, Gestion de l'environnement
Abstract

18 pages, 5 figures, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109175.-- The data supporting the findings of this study are available in the Supplementary Materials (Appendix 3–5, Table A3-A5). Raw datasets (where available) and results summary tables for each analysis of human mobility and empirical datasets are deposited in a github repository: https://github.com/rjcommand/PAN-Environment, The global lockdown to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic health risks has altered human interactions with nature. Here, we report immediate impacts of changes in human activities on wildlife and environmental threats during the early lockdown months of 2020, based on 877 qualitative reports and 332 quantitative assessments from 89 different studies. Hundreds of reports of unusual species observations from around the world suggest that animals quickly responded to the reductions in human presence. However, negative effects of lockdown on conservation also emerged, as confinement resulted in some park officials being unable to perform conservation, restoration and enforcement tasks, resulting in local increases in illegal activities such as hunting. Overall, there is a complex mixture of positive and negative effects of the pandemic lockdown on nature, all of which have the potential to lead to cascading responses which in turn impact wildlife and nature conservation. While the net effect of the lockdown will need to be assessed over years as data becomes available and persistent effects emerge, immediate responses were detected across the world. Thus initial qualitative and quantitative data arising from this serendipitous global quasi-experimental perturbation highlights the dual role that humans play in threatening and protecting species and ecosystems. Pathways to favorably tilt this delicate balance include reducing impacts and increasing conservation effectiveness, The Canada Research Chairs program provided funding for the core writing team. Field research funding was provided by A.G. Leventis Foundation; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, [grant number ANR-18-32–0010CE-01 (JCJC PEPPER)]; Agencia Estatal de Investigaci; Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), [grant number M1420-09-5369-FSE-000002]; Alan Peterson; ArcticNet; Arkadaşlar; Army Corp of Engineers; Artificial Reef Program; Australia's Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), National Collaborative; Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS), University of Tasmania; Australian Institute of Marine Science; Australian Research Council, [grant number LP140100222]; Bai Xian Asia Institute; Batubay Özkan; BC Hydro Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Bertarelli Foundation; Bertarelli Programme in Marine Science; Bilge Bahar; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Biology Society of South Australia; Boston University; Burak Över; California State Assembly member Patrick O'Donnell; California State University Council on Ocean Affairs, Science & Technology; California State University Long Beach; Canada Foundation for Innovation (Major Science Initiative Fund and funding to Oceans Network Canada), [grant number MSI 30199 for ONC]; Cape Eleuthera Foundation; Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Charles Darwin Foundation, [grant number 2398]; Colombian Institute for the Development of Science and Technology (COLCIENCIAS), [grant number 811–2018]; Colombian Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, [grant number 0041–2020]; Columbia Basin Trust; Commission for Environmental Cooperation; Cornell Lab of Ornithology; Cultural practices and environmental certification of beaches, Universidad de la Costa, Colombia, [grant number INV.1106–01–002-15, 2020–21]; Department of Conservation New Zealand; Direction de l'Environnement de Polynésie Française; Disney Conservation Fund; DSI-NRF Centre of; Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology; Ecology Project International; Emin Özgür; Environment and Climate Change Canada; European Community: RTD programme - Species Support to Policies; European Community's Seventh Framework Programme; European Union; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, Marie Skłodowska-Curie, [grant number 798091, 794938]; Faruk Eczacıbaşı; Faruk Yalçın Zoo; Field research funding was provided by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology; Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program; Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, [grant numbers FWC-12164, FWC-14026, FWC-19050]; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional; Fonds québécois de la recherche nature et technologies; Foundation Segré; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT Portugal); Galapagos National Park Directorate research, [grant number PC-41-20]; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, [grant number GBMF9881 and GBMF 8072]; Government of Tristan da Cunha; Habitat; Conservation Trust Foundation; Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment; Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol, Russia; Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Brazil; Israeli Academy of Science's Adams Fellowship; King Family Trust; Labex, CORAIL, France; Liber Ero Fellowship; LIFE (European Union), [grant number LIFE16 NAT/BG/000874]; María de Maeztu Program for Units of Excellence in R&D; Ministry of Science and Innovation, FEDER, SPASIMM,; Spain, [grant number FIS2016–80067-P (AEI/FEDER, UE)]; MOE-Korea, [grant number 2020002990006]; Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund; Montreal Space for Life; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth and Space Science Fellowship Program; National Geographic Society, [grant numbers NGS-82515R-20]; National Natural Science Fund of China; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Parks Board, Singapore; National Science and Technology Major Project of China; National Science Foundation, [grant number DEB-1832016]; Natural Environment Research Council of the UK; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Alliance COVID-19 grant program, [grant numbers ALLRP 550721–20, RGPIN-2014-06229 (year: 2014), RGPIN-2016-05772 (year: 2016)]; Neiser Foundation; Nekton Foundation; Network of Centre of Excellence of Canada: ArcticNet; North Family Foundation; Ocean Tracking Network; Ömer Külahçıoğlu; Oregon State University; Parks Canada Agency (Lake Louise, Yoho, and Kootenay Field Unit); Pew Charitable Trusts; Porsim Kanaf partnership; President's International Fellowship Initiative for postdoctoral researchers Chinese Academy of Sciences, [grant number 2019 PB0143]; Red Sea Research Center; Regional Government of the Azores, [grant number M3.1a/F/025/2015]; Regione Toscana; Rotary Club of Rhinebeck; Save our Seas Foundation; Science & Technology (CSU COAST); Science City Davos, Naturforschende Gesellschaft Davos; Seha İşmen; Sentinelle Nord program from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund; Servizio Foreste e Fauna (Provincia Autonoma di Trento); Sigrid Rausing Trust; Simon Fraser University; Sitka Foundation; Sivil Toplum Geliştirme Merkezi Derneği; South African National Parks (SANParks); South Australian Department for Environment and Water; Southern California Tuna Club (SCTC); Spanish Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; State of California; Sternlicht Family Foundation; Suna Reyent; Sunshine Coast Regional Council; Tarea Vida, CEMZOC, Universidad de Oriente, Cuba, [grant number 10523, 2020]; Teck Coal; The Hamilton Waterfront Trust; The Ian Potter Foundation, Coastwest, Western Australian State NRM; The Red Sea Development Company; The Wanderlust Fund; The Whitley Fund; Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline; Tula Foundation (Hakai Institute); University of Arizona; University of Pisa; US Fish and Wildlife Service; US Geological Survey; Valencian Regional Government; Vermont Center for Ecostudies; Victorian Fisheries Authority; VMRC Fishing License Fund; and Wildlife Warriors Worldwide, With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S

Published
2021
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50. Reduced human activity in shallow reefs during the COVID-19 pandemic increases fish evenness

Author

Uri Roll, Jonathan Belmaker, Assaf Zvuloni, and Victor China

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, geography.geographical_feature_category, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, technology, industry, and agriculture, Coral reef, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fishery, Behavioral response, Geography, Pandemic, population characteristics, %22">Fish , Species evenness, Species richness, human activities, Reef, geographic locations, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic provides a rare opportunity to examine effects of people on natural systems and processes. Here, we collected fish diversity data from coral reefs at the Israeli Gulf of Aqaba during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. We examined beach entrances to the reef, nearby shallow reefs and deeper areas exposed mostly to divers. We found that the lockdown elicited a behavioral response that resulted in elevated species richness at designated reef entrances, predominantly influenced by increased evenness without changes to total abundances. This effect was observed both at the local scale and when several beach entrances were aggregated together. Consequently, non-extractive human activities may have substantial short-term impacts on fish diversity. Our insights could help designate guidelines to manage visitor impacts on coral reefs and aid in their prolonged persistence.

Published
2020

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