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“Nicoletia” tergata Mills, 1940 is redescribed from new material recently collected in subterranean habitat in Florida as well as examination of some of the type specimens. The species is placed in a new genus Gibboletia within the subfamily Coletiniinae and thus represents the only species of this subfamily so far known in North America. Molecular data (16S rRNA) from one of two populations suggest they may represent different species; however, morphological differences were not found within or between populations. The legs of all specimens from one population reacted with the mounting medium whereas the other population mostly did not, suggesting a physiological difference may exist.

Hazra, Ashis Kumar, Jana, Debanjan, Smith, Graeme (2023): A new species of the genus Acrotelsella (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) from Jhargram West Bengal, India. Zootaxa 5227 (5): 594-600, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5227.5.6

The webbing clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella) causes extensive and costly damage to fabrics, furnishings, and museum objects. It is best known from its presence in homes, museums, and historic properties, while infestations in office buildings are not as well understood. Offices typically have more frequent cleaning, fewer quiet habitats, less food availability, and fewer breeding environments for moths, which may explain the lower abundance. Nevertheless, they can be introduced with materials or by employees whose homes have a moth infestation. This study examines the distribution of different insect pests determined from pheromone traps set out in an unoccupied multi-floor office building in Switzerland. Tineola bisselliella dominated the insect catch but was mostly found in the aisles on the lower floors. The larger rooms tended to have a greater insect catch. Carpet beetles (Attagenus smirnovi) and silverfish (Zygentoma) were also found, although in smaller numbers, and often preferred the basement floors. The ghost silverfish (Ctenolepisma calvum) dominated the Zygentoma, even though it has been rare until recently in Switzerland. The study suggests the need for Integrated Pest Management within office buildings. In addition, in unoccupied buildings under renovation, with no obvious sources of food, insect pests still need monitoring.

Tricholepidion gertschi “Relic Silverfish” Figures 12 (lateral), 13 (dorsal, ventral) Plates 4 (lateral), 5 (dorsal, ventral), Published as part of Herhold, Hollister W, Davis, Steven R, Degrey, Samuel P & Grimaldi, David A, 2023, COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE INSECT TRACHEAL SYSTEM PART 1: INTRODUCTION, APTERYGOTES, PALEOPTERA, POLYNEOPTERA, pp. 1-184 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 459 (1) on pages 1-184, DOI: 10.5531/sd.sp.55, http://zenodo.org/record/7730159

ORDER ZYGENTOMA There are very few micro-CT studies of Zygentoma to date; most notably, synchrotron radiation micro-CT of Tricholepidion gertschi heads has been used to investigate Zygentoma morphology for systematic study (Blanke et al., 2014), but not tracheae. This genus is particularly significant given the disputed placements within and near Zygentoma (Engel, 2006; Blanke et al., 2014). Zygentoma are relevant in general as a sister group to the pterygotes, and indeed they share several tracheal synapomorphies. Three specimens from two orders were scanned here: Thermobia domestica and Lepisma saccharinum from Lepismatidae, and the relict silverfish Tricholepidion gertschi from Lepidotrichidae. Scan resolutions were within a 2.4 µm 3 /voxel range, with Lepisma at the highest resolution of 4.8 µm 3 /voxel and Thermobia with the lowest resolution at 7.2 µm 3 /voxel. Resolving the smallest tracheae at these resolutions tends to be more a function of specimen preservation rather than scanning parameters. Although the level of detail varies slightly between these scans, sufficient resolution was achieved to locate small visceral tracheae in all three specimens, indicating suitability for comparative purposes. Although the zygentoman head morphology is similar among the specimens, in the sections below Lepidotrichidae thoracic and abdominal detail are described separately due to substantial differences. Tricholepidion appears to possess only two pairs of functional abdominal spiracles, A7-S and A8-S. The elongate, sinusoidal trunks beginning at A7-S and extending anteriorly to the thorax are not present in the two lepismatid specimens. If Tricholepidion is indeed basal to Lepismatidae, it is possible that these trunks are plesiomorphic, and a loss of these tracheae in Thermobia and Lepisma could be derived. In both species scanned from Lepismatidae, leg tracheae branch from T2-S and T3-S in an arc leading posteriorly into the legs, each with a small branch extending dorsad. Here we interpret these as T2-AWL and T3-AWL, with T2-AWba and T3-AWba branching dorsad. An alternative pattern is to designate these dorsal branches as simply T2,3-L-DVi, but the similarity of the branching pattern with both apterous and winged taxa included herein (e.g., Grylloblatta) strongly suggests homology with these wing base tracheae; Šulc (1927) interpreted these as possible wing tracheae. DESCRIPTION: HEAD: H-DCT with two branches: H-Ft dorsal; H-Ant-Lbr anteriad and slightly ventral, dividing into H-Ant and H-Lbr close to base of antenna. H-VCT with three branches, dividing at approximately same location: small H-Lbm extends ventrally; H-Mx continues anteriorly before proceeding ventrad; larger H-OcMd extends anteriorly. H-VC absent in T. gertschi but present in both Lepismatidae. H-Oc branching dorsally, H-Md continues anteriorly and ventrad, following shape of mandibular sclerite. THORAX: Tricholepidion with significant differences among Zygentoma, notably T2-DLT and T3-DLT elongate, with dorsal visceral branches similar to T2-DB and T3-DB; a complete description of the thorax of Tricholepidion thorax is below. For both Lepismatidae: T2-S with three branches: T2-CT, T2-AWL, and T2-VB. T2-CT very thick, running directly anteriad with T2-DB just anterior to T2-S; T2-CT dividing into H-DCT and H-VCT in prothorax. Thinner T2-AWL arcing posteriorly, slightly dorsad, with thin but prominent dorsad and posteriorly arcing T2-AWba. T2-ACx present with T2-VC, remainder of T2-AWL extending into midleg as T2-L. T2-DB dividing into T2-DLT, extending in posterior arc and T1-DLT, ending blind in prothorax. Small T1-Pn present just anterior of H-DCT/H-VCT split. T1-L branching ventrally from H-VCT; T1-L with T1-VC branch present; T1-ACx from T1-VC; T1-PCx from T1-L. Small T2-VB with T2-VB-Vi. T2-L two branches: prominent, dorsad and posteriorly arcing T2-L-DVi. Thermobia with T2-PCx from T2-L, note that T2-PCx is from T2-VB in Lepisma. T2-VC with connection from T3-AsymC medially, originating from left side in Thermobia and right side in L. saccharinum. T3-S with three branches: T3-DB, T3-AWL, and T3-VB. T3-DB directly dorsal with Y-shaped bifurcation to T2-DLT from anterior and T3-DLT toward A1-S. T3-AWL posteriad with T3-AWba, longer in Lepisma than Thermobia. T3-PCx from T3-L in T. domestica, T3-VC in L. saccharinum. T3-VB ventral and slightly inward with AsymC from left side of T. domestica, right side of L. saccharinum, anteriad to connect with T2-VC. ABDOMEN: T. gertschi with significant differences to other Zygentoma, including apparent lack of functional abdominal spiracles (except A7-S and A8-S), and a sinusoidal A7-VLT extending anteriorly over several segments; a complete description of abdomen is below. For Lepismatidae: A1..8-S present, all located laterally. A n -SB present for segments in middle of abdomen but variable; see detailed descriptions. A n -S (or A n -SB) with A n -DB and A n -VB present. A n -DB running dorsad, bifurcating into Y-shaped junction with A n -DLT anteriad and posteriad; all abdominal segments connected via dorsal trunk. A n -VB running ventrad, connecting with opposite side via thin A n -VC; A1..7-VC present in T. domestica, A4..7-VC not visible in L. saccharinum scan but likely present; A8-VC absent. A n -DB-Vi and A n -VB-Vi numerous, see sections below for details. A8-DB and A8-VB large, curving medially before proceeding posteriad; A8-DB with A-TF and A-Cr in T. domestica but not visible in L. saccharinum scan (presence/ absence ambiguous)., Published as part of Herhold, Hollister W, Davis, Steven R, Degrey, Samuel P & Grimaldi, David A, 2023, COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE INSECT TRACHEAL SYSTEM PART 1: INTRODUCTION, APTERYGOTES, PALEOPTERA, POLYNEOPTERA, pp. 1-184 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 459 (1) on pages 1-184, DOI: 10.5531/sd.sp.55, http://zenodo.org/record/7730159, {"references":["Blanke, A., M. Koch, B. Wipfler, F. Wilde, and B. Misof. 2014. Head morphology of Tricholepidion gertschi indicates monophyletic Zygentoma. Frontiers in Zoology 11 (1): 16 - 16.","Engel, M. S. 2006. A note on the relic silverfish Tricholepidion gertschi (Zygentoma). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 109 (3 / 4): 236 - 238.","Sulc, K. 1927. Vzdusnicova soustava lepismy (Thysanura) a puvid kridlateho hmyzu. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Naturalium Moravicae 4 (7): 1 - 108."]}

The genus Texoreddellia (Zygentoma; Nicoletiidae) is an important component of the cave-adapted fauna of Texas and northern Mexico. Specimens are often found in caves in central Texas. They are less common in western Texas and Coahuila, Mexico. We describe a new species, Texoreddellia chihuahuensis n. sp., from Chihuahua, Mexico, greatly expanding the range for the genus. The new species is found in an isolated karstic zone, far removed from the other cave forming areas inhabited by Texoreddellia spp. Phyletic analyses show the species to be the most basal and earliest to diverge within the genus. When compared to a calibrated molecular clock of the 16S rRNA for nicoleiids, its sequence supports a divergence of roughly 20 mya. Such a date is congruent with the geological origins of the Rio Grande and the Pecos River. Structural deformations coupled with long term erosion and downcutting through major river basins may have contributed in forming biological barriers that influenced speciation and isolation, especially between the western and eastern species of Texoreddellia.

Herhold, Hollister W, Davis, Steven R, Degrey, Samuel P, Grimaldi, David A (2023): COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE INSECT TRACHEAL SYSTEM PART 1: INTRODUCTION, APTERYGOTES, PALEOPTERA, POLYNEOPTERA. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 459 (1): 1-184, DOI: 10.5531/sd.sp.55, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/sd.sp.55

Genus Allacrotelsa Silvestri, 1935 Type species: Ctenolepisma kraepelini Escherich, 1905., Published as part of Kaplin, V. G., 2023, A new species of the silverfish genus Allacrotelsa Silvestri, 1935 (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) from Crimea, pp. 19-28 in Far Eastern Entomologist 471 on page 20, DOI: 10.25221/fee.471.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7616324, {"references":["Silvestri, F. 1935. Marquesan Thysanura. Bulletin of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum,","Escherich, K. 1905. Das System der Lepismatiden. Zoologica (Stuttgart), 18 (43): 1 - 164."]}

Kaplin, V.G. (2023): A new species of the silverfish genus Allacrotelsa Silvestri, 1935 (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) from Crimea. Far Eastern Entomologist 471: 19-28, DOI: 10.25221/fee.471.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.25221/fee.471.2

Family Nicoletiidae Lubbock, 1873 Nicoletiadae Lubbock 1873: 201. Gymnodermata Joseph 1882: 25. Nicoletiinae Lubbock: Escherich 1905: 36. Nicoletiidae Lubbock: Remington 1954: 284., Published as part of Espinasa, Luis & Smith, Graeme B., 2023, " Nicoletia " tergata Mills, 1940 rediscovered in Florida and confirmed as the first species of the Coletiniinae (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) in North America, pp. 337-350 in Zootaxa 5228 (3) on page 339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7532765, {"references":["Lubbock, J. (1873) Monograph of the Collembola and Thysanura. The Ray Society, London, 276 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11583","Joseph, G. (1882) Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den Tropfstein-Grotten von Krain einheimischen Arthropoden nebst Diagnosen der vom Verfasser entdeckten und bisher noch nicht beschriebenen Arten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 26 (1), 1 - 50.","Escherich, K. (1905) Das System der Lepismatiden. Zoologica, Stuttgart, 43, 1 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7909","Remington, C. L. (1954) The suprageneric classification of the order Thysanura (Insecta). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 47, 277 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 47.2.277"]}

Key to the described genera of Coletiniinae (updated from Reboleira et al. 2012) 1 Scales present at least on abdomen....................................................................... 2 - Scales absent, head and body with setae only............................................................... 9 2 Scales present on head, thorax and abdomen................................................................ 3 - Scales absent from head................................................................................ 5 3 Urosternite I entire, not divided into median sternum and 1+1 lateral coxites; pegs absent from the terminalia of the males...................................................................... Canariletia Molero, Gaju, López & Bach - Urosternite I divided into median sternum and 1+1 lateral coxites; urotergite X, cerci and sometimes the median filament of males with pegs...................................................................................... 4 4 Most of the scales round, wider at base, almost devoid of clear longitudinal rays, most ending in a minute median point; also with scattered, minute, strongly striated scales.................................... Squamatinia Mendes & Reboleira - All scales longer than wide and with numerous conspicuous longitudinal rays that frequently slightly surpass their free border, all approximately the same size................................................. Lepidospora s. str. Wygodzinsky 5 Scales present on both thorax and abdomen................................................................. 6 - Scales absent from thorax, present on abdomen............. Lepidospora (Brinckiletina) Molero, Tahami, Gaju & Sadeghi 6 Pretarsus without empodium............................................................................ 7 - Pretarsus with empodium............................................................................... 8 7 Slightly convex raised platform with 5–6 ribs between the claws, posterior notch of urotergite X in female with 1+1 robust macrochaetae......................................................................... Allobrinckina Kaplin - No raised platform between the claws, posterior notch of urotergite X in female with 2+2 robust macrochaetae............................................................................................. Pseudobrinkina Mendes 8 Styli present on urosternites III–IX.......................................................... Lepidina Silvestri - Styli present on urosternites II–IX.......................................... Lepidospora (Brinckina) Wygodzinsky 9 Urotergite IV of males with prominent semi-circular raised region on urotergite IV; cerci with pegs, medial filament without pegs in mature males................................................................... Gibboletia gen. nov. - Urotergite IV of males not modified, both cerci and medial filaments in mature males with pegs..... Coletinia Wygodzinsky, Published as part of Espinasa, Luis & Smith, Graeme B., 2023, " Nicoletia " tergata Mills, 1940 rediscovered in Florida and confirmed as the first species of the Coletiniinae (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) in North America, pp. 337-350 in Zootaxa 5228 (3) on page 342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7532765, {"references":["Reboleira, A. S. P. S., Goncalves, F., Oromi, P. & Mendes, L. F. (2012) Squamatinia algharbica gen. n. sp. n., a remarkable new Coletiniinae silverfish (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from caves in southern Portugal. Zootaxa, 3260 (1), 33 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3260.1.3"]}

Gibboletia gen. nov. Type species: Nicoletia tergata Mills, 1940 by present designation. Description. Habitus as in Figs. 2–4, medium size, length of adults up to about 7 mm. Body shape subcylindrical, thorax nearly as wide as the abdomen, slightly detaching from abdomen base. Without scales; all surfaces including appendages covered with scattered setae.Antennae and caudal filaments likely a bit shorter than body length. Antennae of males symmetrical, the pedicel with a long apical bifurcated apophysis that shows a dense field of minute setae on its outer side (Figs. 3E, 8, 9). Antennae of females with shorter pedicel, lacking apophysis. Distal part of antennae with annuli bearing setae and basiconic sensilla. Head with distinct postantennal transverse suture. Mandibles with well-developed sclerotized teeth, a molar region and few setae (Fig. 12). Galea with two apical sensory cones; lacinia with prostheca and a bifurcate tip (Fig. 13). Maxillary palps with five segments (Fig. 13), the last one with six apical sensory rods. Terminal segment of the labial palps with six sensory papillae arranged in an inverted triangular arrangement (Fig. 14). Nota with many marginal setae on lateral borders and posterolateral angles, the pronotum also bearing setae on its anterior margin; these setae a mix of long, bifid macrochaetae and short bristles. Discs of the nota covered with numerous scattered setae (Figs. 15–17). Tarsi four-segmented, about as long as their respective tibiae (Figs. 18–20). Pretarsus with two long, simple claws and a greatly reduced medial empodial claw. Urotergites with fine sutures separating their lateral portions; hind margin with setae and macrochaetae irregularly arranged and with scattered setae across the disc (Fig. 22). Urotergite IV of males with raised semicircular area (Figs. 3B–3D, 23–25) with a shallow concave medial area, the longer macrochaetae and setae absent from the posterior margin behind the semicircular raised region. Urotergite X of males (Figs. 26–28) small, trapezoidal, with a slightly concave posterior margin and lacking prominent posterolateral lobes, sensorial pegs present both dorsally and ventrally; this tergite with similar shape and setation in females, showing only a few setae on the ventral face and 1 + 1 macrochaetae on the posterior margin (Fig. 38). Urosternite I divided into sternite and coxites, without styli or vesicles (Fig. 30). Urosternites II–VII (II–VIII in Ô) entire (not divided into sternite and coxites) (Fig. 31). Urosternites II–IX with a pair of styli (Fig. 31). Urosternites II–VI with exsertile vesicles and VII with pseudovesicles. Coxites IX of male free; parameres long and wide, subrectangular and without divisions. Penis unusually long with longitudinal opening (Fig. 35). Subgenital plate in female well developed but small (Fig. 39). Ovipositor long, simple, greatly surpassing apices of styli IX (Fig. 40). Gonapophyses IX with spinulated inner distal area (Fig. 41). Etymology. The name Gibboletia derives from the Latin word gibbus meaning hump, referring to the unusual protuberance on urotergite IV of the males. It is combined with the ending - oletia from the type genus of the family viz. Nicoletia Gervais. It is treated as feminine gender. Remarks. The new genus fits well within the subfamily Coletiniinae due to the divided coxites IX, the division of urosternite I only into separate coxites and medium sternum and the form of the secondary sexual characters of the male. The modification of urotergite IV in males is unique within the Zygentoma. Morphologically, Gibboletia gen. nov. appears to be closest to the genus Coletinia Wygodzinsky, 1980, which also lacks scales and has pegs on the underside of urotergite IX as well as on both the cerci and the median filament. Gibboletia gen. nov. differs from Coletinia in the presence of the modified urotergite IV, the presence of pegs on both the dorsal and ventral faces of urotergite X and the absence of pegs from the median filament. Reboleira et al. (2012) presented a key to the Coletiniinae; however, since that time additional genera have been described. Their 2012 key is used as the basis for the following updated key, but with many changes to account for the new genera. In this key we have used the characters referred to by Kaplin (2019) to separate his Allobrinckina from Pseudobrinckina Mendes 2002, but we have some doubts about the interpretation of these characters and whether they are sufficient to warrant separate genera. The definition of Coletiniinae of Mendes 1988 has to be slightly emended to account for Canariletia Molero et al., 2014, the only species where urosternite I is not divided into a median sternum and 1+1 lateral coxites. The main character used here to define the subfamily is the presence of free coxites IX in the males, a character shared only with the sister group Atelurinae (see Mitchell et al. 2021), from which it can be distinguished by the elongate, parallel-sided body shape with long antennae and terminal filaments compared to the inquiline Atelurinae, which have short, tear drop-shaped bodies and short terminal filaments., Published as part of Espinasa, Luis & Smith, Graeme B., 2023, " Nicoletia " tergata Mills, 1940 rediscovered in Florida and confirmed as the first species of the Coletiniinae (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) in North America, pp. 337-350 in Zootaxa 5228 (3) on pages 340-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7532765, {"references":["Mills, H. B. (1940) A new Nicoletia (Thysanura, Lepismatidae) from Florida. Entomological News, 51 (10), 271 - 272.","Reboleira, A. S. P. S., Goncalves, F., Oromi, P. & Mendes, L. F. (2012) Squamatinia algharbica gen. n. sp. n., a remarkable new Coletiniinae silverfish (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from caves in southern Portugal. Zootaxa, 3260 (1), 33 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3260.1.3","Kaplin, V. G. (2019) A new genus and a new species of bristletails of the family Nicoletiidae (Zygentoma) from South China. Far Eastern Entomologist, 390, 1 - 12. https: // doi. org / 10.25221 / fee. 390.1","Mendes, L. F. & Ferreira, R. L. (2002) On a new cave-dwelling Nicoletiidae (Zygentoma: Insecta) from Brazil. Garcia de Orta, Series Zoologia, Lisboa, 24 (1 - 2), 101 - 106.","Mendes, L. F. (1988) Sur deux nouvelles Nicoletiidae (Zygentoma) cavernicoles de Grece et de Turquie et remarques sur la systematique de la famille. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 95 (3), 751 - 772. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 81932","Mitchell, A., Smith, G. B. & McRae, J. (2021) Molecular data support the Atelurinae and Coletiniinae as sister groups: a second Lepidospora (Brinckina) species (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae: Coletiniinae) from the Pilbara. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 36, 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.18195 / issn. 0312 - 3162.36.2021.001 - 012"]}

Gibboletia tergata (Mills, 1940) comb. nov. Figs. 1–41 Nicoletia tergata Mills, 1940: 271 Type material. Cotypes, USA: Florida, Newman’s Lake, Alashua County, 21 December 1939, B.A. Barrington, in burrow of Geomys pinetus floridanus [Geomyidae] one complete Ô and a thorax (INHS Insect Collection 1500901 in alcohol). New material examined. USA: FLORIDA: Levy County, 3 miles SW Archer (29.5103°N, 82.6602°W), 6 July 2019 – 22 March 2020, Kyle E. Schnepp, underground column trap, 1Ô (HW 0.93) in alcohol (AMS K.377944); 1♀ (HW 1.05) in alcohol (AMS K.377945); 1♀ (HW 1.05) on two slides (AMS K.541616); 1Ô (HW1.10) on two slides (AMS K.541615) on two slides, 1♀ (HW 1.05) in alcohol (AMS K.377946); 1Ô (HW 0.83) in alcohol (AMS K.377947); 1 subadult ♀ (HW 0.83) in alcohol (AMS K.377948); 1 juvenile (HW 0.64), head, thorax and abdominal segments I– V, in alcohol (AMS K.377949); pieces of appendages from all specimens from this collection event, loose in tube, one slide (AMS K.541619). USA: FLORIDA: Columbia County. 6 miles NW High Springs (29.8674°N, 82.6664°W), 25 September 2020 – 16 October 2020, Kyle E. Schnepp, underground column trap, 1Ô (HW 1.18) on two slides (AMS K.541617); 1Ô (HW 1.13) in alcohol (AMS K.377950; 1Ô (HW 1.13) in alcohol (AMS K.377951); 1♀ (HW 1.10) in alcohol (AMS K.377952); 1Ô (HW 1.05) in alcohol (AMS K.377953); 1Ô (HW 1.13) in alcohol (AMS K.377954); 1Ô (HW 1.15) in alcohol (AMS K.377955); 1 juvenile ♀ (HW 0.68) in alcohol (AMS K.377956); pieces of appendages from all specimens from this collection event, loose in tube, on one slide (AMS K.541618). Redescription. Medium sized, parallel-sided silverfish with elongate antennae and terminal filaments, shape typical for the subfamily. Alcohol-preserved specimens off-white. Pigment lacking. Head and body length in preserved specimens examined, most specimens in alcohol unnaturally distended and elongated, but one more usual looking specimen (K.541618) from the Levy County population with an H+B length of 6.7 mm (HW 1.10); specimens from the Columbia population generally larger with HW up to 1.18 and body lengths also about 7 mm long. Thorax length about one third H+B and width only slightly wider than HW; antennae incomplete in all specimens but at least half length of H+B; caudal filaments incomplete in all specimens, at least half as long as H+B. Macrochaetae. Mostly simple, parallel-sided or tapered with small apical bifurcations but on appendages some macrochaetae stout and carrot-shaped, sometimes with a small apical bifurcation (Figs. 5, 6). Some of the longer parallel-sided macrochaetae, when slide-mounted, with an artifactual distortion caused by the mounting medium (see Smith et al. (2012) and Molero-Baltanás et al. (2013)). Head. Length and width about equal, not covered by prothorax at hind margin (Fig. 7), prognathous, vertex with distinct transverse post-antennal suture, postero-lateral corners of vertex with 2+2 dorsal and 2+2 infralateral macrochaetae; five larger macrochaetae in antero-lateral corners adjacent to the antennal bases, two of which are posterior to the transverse post antennal suture; disc with numerous scattered small fine setae. Clypeus with transverse row of six setae and with one or two small fine setae between them. Labrum with similar transverse row of setae, the most laterad being shorter and much more robust. Mandibles (Fig. 12) strong with well-developed molar and incisor regions and one macrochaeta on the external face as well as a few longer and shorter simple setae; a group of three stout setae on the margin adjacent to the molar area and about 14 small setae on the inner face below the molar region. Maxillae (Fig. 13) elongate, galea only surpassing length of lacinia by the two distinct apical papillae, lacinia well sclerotized with a single strong apical tooth; pectinate prostheca a little shorter than lacinia with five or six lamellate processes and about 11 setae along margin, the more basal setae in groups of two; maxillary palp of moderate length, distal article with six branched papilla apically, other specialised sensilla not seen, second and third articles subapically with some stronger, carrotshaped, apically bifid setae; all articles with smaller setae. Labium (Fig. 14) much longer than wide, submentum with weak transverse row of thin setae, mentum also with weak row of long thin setae; glossae with some setae as well as small setulae apically, ultimate article of palp about 1.2–1.4 times longer than wide with six papillae of usual type; penultimate article with long setae on the inner face. Antennae long but broken on all specimens. Scape of male slightly longer than wide, with several strong macrochaetae and some smaller setae (Fig. 8) both above and below. Pedicel of male with large, apically bifurcate apophysis on dorsal face (Figs. 8, 9), three times longer than wide, each apophysis reaching to about the third or fourth interval; the longest lobe armed subapically with a short, robust seta on the dorsal aspect, the shorter lobe densely covered in numerous setae, the dorsal face of the pedicel with scattered small setae often set on protuberances. Basal annulus of flagellum with four trichobothria, following five or six annuli each with two trichobothria; the seventh interval with two rings of setae with the trichobothria restricted to the distal ring; intervals further subdivided into four annuli by the eleventh interval, each interval with a ring of setae and two trichobothria in the most distal annulus, small basiconic sensilla visible subdistally from about the fifth interval, consisting of a mixture of typical “sausage-shaped” type C sensilla (see Adel, 1984) and much longer, finer setae with rounded tips; intervals around mid-antenna (Fig. 10) consisting of eight annuli with only a single trichobothrium in the most distal annulus; most annuli also with a ring of fine setae or basiconic sensilla subapically. The most distal surviving intervals (probably about ⅔ antennae length) also with similar pattern but the arrangement of fine setae and basiconic sensilla distad of the ring of setae (Fig. 11) less dense. Thorax. Length about one third that of H+B and not wider than abdomen, pronotum significantly smaller than the meso and metanota (Figs. 15–17); pronotum rounded sub rectangular in shape with obvious collar of 8–10 longer macrochaetae and additional smaller setae, all nota with 2–5 strong submarginal macrochaetae along the lateral margins and some strong submarginal macrochaetae in the lateral parts of the posterior margin, all margins also with longer and shorter, simple tapered setae and setulae; disc of nota with many small but strong setae. Legs typical for subfamily but quite elongate (Figs. 18–20). Tibial L/W ratio of foreleg 3.4–4.4, middle leg 3.6–5.2, hind leg 4.0–4.4. Tarsal L/W ratio of foreleg 7.7–8.7, middle leg 7.6–11.3, hind leg 11.9–13.8. On foreleg precoxae with line of setae, coxae with about five long macrochaetae spaced along the outer margin, with some stronger setae more distally along this margin and over the articulation with the trochanter, inner margin without macrochaetae, margins and face covered with scattered small setae; trochanter with one thin macrochaeta and several smaller setae; femur with a somewhat larger carrot-shaped macrochaeta about ¾ along the leading margin and another one or two macrochaetae over the articulation with the tibia, posterior margin with a proximal macrochaeta and two tapered macrochaetae on the distal bulge, all margins also with setae and setae scattered over the ventral face with the exception of the proximal anterior quarter; foreleg tibia without thicker macrochaetae near the dorsal margin but with one distally on the face about ¾ along the tibial length; ventral margin with two tapered macrochaetae about ¼ along the margin and two longer macrochaetae at about ⅔ along the margin, setae along distal end not noticeably stronger than other setae on face of tibia; distal spur long, slender and smooth, without small subapical teeth. Tarsus with four articles, the basal tarsomere about 40% of the total length of the foreleg, with stronger setae distally on basal tarsomere. Pretarsus with two strong curved outer claws and small medial empodium. Middle and hind legs similar except only two macrochaetae along the outer margin of the coxae and the tibia with two carrot-shaped macrochaetae in the more distal position on the posterior margin; basal article of the tarsi with a strong spine distally on the dorsal face. Abdomen. Slightly more slender than the thorax at its base. All urotergites wrapping around the body without a sharp lateral fold. Suture between the tergite and the paratergites visible on I–IX. Abdominal tergites I–III and V–IX (Fig. 22) with long, simple, marginal macrochaetae rather evenly spaced along the lateral and posterior margins as well as a few smaller setae and some setulae, the disc covered with numerous long, scattered setae. Abdominal tergite IV with semicircular raised region across most of the dorsum (Figs. 23, 24); outer rim raised, otherwise shallowly concave, surface granulated with a few minute, scattered setulae (Fig. 25); beneath the surface tissue darker than the surrounding tissue and adhering quite strongly to the cuticle so that it could not be separated from the cuticle during dissection without damaging the cuticle; posterior margin of the rim demarcated by small setae, longer macrochaetae and setae absent. Urotergite X (Figs. 26–28) small, trapezoidal with concave posterior emargination, the rounded posterior corners dorsally with prominent, erect, 1+1 larger submarginal pegs and usually additional 1+1 smaller conules more postero-laterally close to margin; on one specimen (e.g. K.377947) additional 1+1 smaller pegs on the dorsal face of urotergite X medio-anteriorly of the larger ones, and groups of about 10 small setae on the margins just anterior to these pegs, the dorsal face with some small scattered setae (Fig. 29); ventral face with groups of 2–6 pegs below the rounded posterior corners, numbers variable between specimens and even from side to side. Urosternite I divided into a sternum and two lateral coxites (Fig. 30), the sternum with several small setae along the median section of the disc, posterior margin without notable setae; posterior margin of the lateral coxites each with several small setae along the margins and on the more lateral parts of the discs. Urosternites II–VII entire (Fig. 31), not divided into separate coxites and sternum, each bearing 1+1 styli, the disc covered with many scattered setae; posterior margin without significant setae, the margins lateral of the styli with several stronger setae. Eversible vesicles on urosternites II–VI, each with about four or five setae on the vesicle; VII with pseudovesicles each bearing one or two setae (Fig. 32). Urosternite VIII entire (Fig. 33), without vesicles, without macrochaetae, face with scattered setae, posterior margin distinctly protruding, margins laterad of the styli with a few small setae. Apical spine of stylus with three barbs (Fig. 34). Urosternite IX (Fig. 35) divided into separate coxites bearing styli and long, wide parameres (L/W 3.3–3.4). Parameres with many setae along their inner margin and apices with several hairs on tubercles with glands visible below the cuticle. External process of coxites with one small seta and a setula, internal process with two setae near the inner margin. Penis very long, extending beyond the apices of the inner processes of coxites IX, with longitudinal opening surrounded by numerous short hairs. Appendix dorsalis of male (Fig. 36) without pegs, basal division with a few small setae, subsequent division indistinctly divided into five annuli, each with a ring of setae and trichobothria, the distal-most ring with a strong macrochaeta medially as well as a strong seta. Cerci with basal division bearing a ring of small setae and trichobothria; second division indistinctly divided into four annuli, each bearing strong setae and trichobothria and inner margin bearing 2–5 pegs (Fig. 36); one peg sometimes occurring on the more proximal division; following division with two rings of setae and trichobothria, fourth division with three annuli, the most distal bearing one wide macrochaeta. The number of pegs somewhat variable from one side to the other on the same individual. Female. As for male except pedicel without apophyses (Fig. 37); urotergite X trapezoidal with 1+1 macrochaetae in the postero-lateral corners (Fig. 38), without pegs on ventral surface, dorsal surface with scattered setae only; cerci without pegs. Coxites on sternites VIII and IX separate, subgenital plate large, parabolic with setae scattered over the surface (Figs. 39, 40). Ovipositor (Figs. 40, 41) simple, elongate (up to 2.7 times HW) with about 16 divisions, surpassing the apices of styli IX by a little more than twice the length of the styli. The apex of the anterior valves with a typical acute triangular projection, that of the posterior valves rounded with the typical region of hooked processes on the penultimate division; both with simple fine setae only. Remarks. Although the molecular data suggests at least two sister species, we have not found convincing, stable morphological characters (other than the swelling of the tarsi) that convinces us that these may be distinct species. Furthermore, we are not sure which represents the original Nicoletia tergata of Mills. We have selected the population from Levy Country, which lies slightly closer to the N. tergata type locality (about 35 km) for the illustrations and description, but also compared it to the material from Columbia County (50 km from the N. tergata type locality). The secondary sexual characters of many Nicoletiidae are usually considered as diagnostic for each species; however, we have not been able to separate these two populations based on the secondary sexual characters. With more specimens that allow a better understanding of variability, it might eventually be possible to separate these populations., Published as part of Espinasa, Luis & Smith, Graeme B., 2023, " Nicoletia " tergata Mills, 1940 rediscovered in Florida and confirmed as the first species of the Coletiniinae (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) in North America, pp. 337-350 in Zootaxa 5228 (3) on pages 342-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5228.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7532765, {"references":["Mills, H. B. (1940) A new Nicoletia (Thysanura, Lepismatidae) from Florida. Entomological News, 51 (10), 271 - 272.","Smith, G. B., Eberhard, S. M., Perina, G. & Finston, T. (2012) New species of short range endemic troglobitic silverfish (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) from subterranean habitats in Western Australia's semi-arid Pilbara region. Records of the Western Australian Museum, 27, 101 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.18195 / issn. 0312 - 3162.27 (2). 2012.101 - 116"]}

Acrotelsella jhargramensis sp. n. (Figures 1–18, Table 1) Type material. Holotype male under the bark of a Sal tree (Shorea robusta), Bandarbhola, Jhargram, West Bengal, India [22°25′38″ N, 87°15′37″ E, elevation 82 m], 21.xi.2019, 1 male, coll. Dr. A. K. Hazra & D. Jana, Registration number 3144/H14, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Paratype male, same date and locality as holotype, Registration number 3145/H14, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Etymology. The species is named after the type locality, the district Jhargram, West Bengal, India. Diagnosis. Apical article of labial palps with high number of sensory papillae (10‒12); labrum with macrosetae not arranged in bushes; trichobothria lacking from the most posterior comb of the mesonotum; prosternum with 4+4 bristle combs of macrosetae, mesosternum with 2+2 bristle combs of macrosetae and metasternum with 1+1 bristle combs of macrosetae. Urotergite X acutely triangular (44°) with sharp and pointed apex; two pairs of abdominal styli. Description. Holotype male body length 12.4 mm in life, mottled brown with dark annulated antennae and caudal appendages (Fig. 1). Base colour (in alcohol) dorsally brownish yellow with a covering of light brown scales, ventrally whitish yellow. Shape of the body elongate, more or less parallel-sided, dorsoventrally compressed anteriorly, sub-cylindrical posteriorly; thorax slightly wider than abdomen (Fig. 2). Faintly brownish but distinct pigment on the segments of the maxillary palp. Antennae and caudal appendages with alternate dark and light bands of brown pigmentation. Antennal length 16.9 mm, longer than body and surpassing the body by 1.3 times when directed backwards. Near base, flagellomeres with one annulus; ninth interval composed of two annuli; most distal part of the antennae with eight annuli in each flagellomere; fifth annulus in each interval a dark ring. Oval scales present on both the scape and pedicel, basiconic sensilla present on apical flagellomeres. Head semi-circular in outline anteriorly; frons bearing two very conspicuous tufts of stout cephalic setae, pectinate and radially arranged. Numerous bifid and pectinate macrosetae present on both clypeus and labrum, those of the clypeus grouped in two tufts composed of 30‒32 macrosetae each and those on the labrum scattered over the outer third (Fig. 3). Eyes relatively small, located well behind the antennae. Head wider (1.42 mm) than long (0.98 mm). Maxillary palp (Fig. 4) five-segmented; terminal segment (0.45 mm) longer than penultimate segment (0.34 mm). Apical segment of labial palp (Figs. 5, 6) bearing ten horizontal sensory papillae on left labial palp and twelve horizontal sensory papillae on right labial palp, arranged in single rows; apical segment about 2.4× wider at the apex than at the base and 1.5× wider than long. Medial part of the pronotal collar (Fig. 7) composed of two rows of macrosetae, lateral regions with a single row of smooth macrosetae. Lateral margins of pronotum with 7+7 combs composed of 1−2 macrosetae each. Two trichobothrial areas on each side, associated with the inner end of the last comb (N) and between the two macrochaetae of N-3. Lateral margins of mesonotum (Fig. 8) with 12+11 combs each consisting of 1−3 macrosetae, including one trichobothrium between the macrochaeta and the margin of N-2; no macrochaetae associated with the trichobothrium of the most posterior lateral combs of the mesonotum. Lateral margins of metanotum (Fig. 9) with 10+10 combs composed of 1−3 macrosetae, including two trichobothrial areas, the trichobothrium located on the inner side of comb N and between the macrochaeta and the margin of comb N−1. Hind borders of pro, meso and metanota with 1+1 submedial bristle combs composed of five macrosetae each, the two pronotal combs separated by about 0.4× the width of the pronotum. Prosternum (Fig. 10) 1.4 mm long, length/width ratio about 0.9, subtriangular, posteriorly rounded; posteriorly with 4+4 bristle combs each composed of 2−5 macrosetae. Mesosternum (Fig. 11) 1.7 mm long, length/width ratio about 0.9, rounded-triangular in shape, with 2+2 posterior bristle combs each composed of four macrosetae. Metasternum 1.4 mm long, length/width ratio about 0.7; posterior margin broadly rounded with 1+1 bristle combs, each composed of seven macrosetae (Fig 12); distance between metasternal combs 5.4× the width of a comb. Legs stout; femora moderate in size; tibiae and tarsi moderately elongate; pretarsi with slightly curved claws (Fig. 13). Scales present on coxae, femora, tibia and first tarsomere (Fig. 14). Length/width ratio of protibia about 2.5× longer than wide; protibia with two macrosetae inserted on dorsal margin, six macrosetae on ventral margin. Lengths of fore tarsomeres I‒IV 0.41, 0.13, 0.18 and 0.2 mm, respectively. Mesotibia 2.9× longer than wide, with two dorsal and five ventral macrosetae. Lengths of middle tarsomeres I‒IV 0.51, 0.16, 0.19 and 0.22 mm, respectively. Metatibia about 3.3× longer than wide, with two dorsal and four ventral macrosetae. Lengths of hind tarsomeres 0.71, 0.16, 0.21 and 0.26 mm, respectively. Urotergite I with 1+1 bristle-combs, each composed of five macrosetae; urotergites II−VII with 3+3 bristlecombs, each composed of 4−10 macrosetae; urotergite VIII with 2+2 bristle-combs, each composed of 4−12 macrosetae. Urotergite IX without bristle combs. The number of macrosetae per bristle comb on urotergites given in Table 1. Urotergite X (Fig. 15) triangular with sharply pointed apex; length 0.14 mm, length/width ratio about 1.2, with 4+4 bristle-combs of 2−4 macrosetae each. Urosternites I and II without setae, III−VIII with 1+1 lateral bristle-combs, each composed of 13−15 macrosetae. Width of the bristle combs and the gap between them varying on each urosternite; ratio of the distance between the combs and the width of a comb ranges from 3.0 on urosternite VIII to 6.2 on urosternite IV (Fig. 16). Two pairs of styli present, inserted on segments VIII (Fig. 17) and IX (Fig.18), both covered with scales. Styli IX length 1.4× that of styli VIII. Posterior margin of coxite VIII between the combs almost straight. Inner process of coxite IX long, triangular and pointed at tip with the angle of the posterior point (44°), about 1.6× longer than wide at its base and 1.8× longer than the outer process. Penis shape typical for the subfamily; length 0.53 mm, length/width ratio 0.8. Length of caudal filament up to 9.7 mm, that of cerci up to 9.9 mm. Most distal flagellomere of the caudal appendages with eight annuli, major macrochaetae restricted to the most distal annulus. Scales present on annuli 2, 4 and 6. Pigment absent from the most distal and most basal annuli of each flagellomere resulting in the banded appearance. Distribution and habitat. The specimens belonging to this new species were found under the bark of Sal trees (Shorea robusta) of Bandarbhola at Jhargram, West Bengal, India. Red laterite is the predominant soil in the district, supporting undergrowth of various types of herbs and shrubs on the forest floor. The weather is extremely humid and tropical. There are large numbers of termite mounds present on the forest floor.

Identification key to Ctenolepisma s. str. species from India 1. Urotergite VII with 3+3 bristle-combs.................................................................... 6 - Urotergite VII with 2+2 bristle-combs.................................................................... 2 2. Urotergite VI with 3+3 bristle-combs..................................................................... 4 - Urotergite VI with 2+2 bristle-combs..................................................................... 3 3. Urotergite X without well-defined bristle-combs........................................ Ctenolepisma (C.) nigrum - Urotergite X with 1+1 bristle-combs............................................... Ctenolepisma (Ct.) tripurense 4. Prosternum with only 1+1 small bristle-combs consisting in a row of 3‒4 macrosetae. Ovipositor with fewer than 30 divisions.................................................................... Ctenolepisma (C.) udumalpetense sp. n. - Prosternum with at least 2+2 bristle-combs, frequently with more than 5 macrosetae each. Ovipositor with more than 35 divisions............................................................................................ 5 5. Epidermic pigment absent or yellowish. Caudal filaments and antennae as long as or longer than body length. Lateral margins of prosternum convex...................................................... Ctenolepisma (C.) longicaudatum - Epidermic pigment intense, especially in appendages, usually purplish brown. Caudal filaments shorter than body length, antennae at most as long as body. Lateral margins of prosternum straight.................... Ctenolepisma (C.) ciliatum 6. Infralateral combs of urotergites broad, composed of about 15 macrosetae. Apex of the ovipositor acute. Adult specimens reaching 15 mm in length......................................................... Ctenolepisma (C.) alticola - Infralateral combs of urotergites smaller, with 3‒8 macrosetae.Apex of the ovipositor rounded. Adult specimens smaller, length upto 9 mm.......................................................................................... 7 7. Labial palp bearing three sensory papillae. Ovipositor with 70 divisions............... Ctenolepisma (C.) boettgerianum - Labial palp bears nine sensory papillae. Ovipositor with 54‒56 divisions......... Ctenolepisma (C.) venkataramani sp. n., Published as part of Hazra, Ashis Kumar, Jana, Debanjan, Mandal, Guru Pada & Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, 2022, On two new species of the genus Ctenolepisma (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) from India, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 5222 (1) on pages 67-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5222.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7456435

Hazra, Ashis Kumar, Jana, Debanjan, Mandal, Guru Pada, Molero-Baltanás, Rafael (2022): On two new species of the genus Ctenolepisma (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) from India. Zootaxa 5222 (1): 59-68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5222.1.4

Ctenolepisma (Ctenolepisma) venkataramani sp. n. (Figures 1−17, Table 1) Type material. Holotype: Under leaf litter near the East Thiopathak Waterfalls, Sri Venkateshwara National Park, Andhra Pradesh, India [13°45’4” N, 79°20’16” E], 17.vii.2000, 1 female, coll. A.K. Hazra, Registration number 3051/H14, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Paratypes: Same locality as holotype, 17.vii.2000, 9 examples. (6 males and 3 females), coll. A.K. Hazra, Registration number 3052/H14, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Etymology. The species is named after Dr. K. Venkataraman, former Director of Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata for inspiration to explore the Indian Zygentoma. Diagnosis. Apical article of labial palps with an unusually high number of sensory papillae (nine). Trichobothria of nota arranged as in C. ciliatum. All thoracic sternites with 1+1 subapical bristle-combs of macrosetae. Urotergite I with 1+1, II-VII with 3+3 and VIII with 2+2 bristle combs. Urosternites I and II without setae, III–VIII with 1+1 lateral bristle combs. Urotergal combs with 4−8 macrosetae and urosternal combs with 8−9 macrosetae each. Urotergite X trapezoidal, similar to that of C. boettgerianum Paclt, 1961. Two pairs of abdominal styli. Ovipositor with 54−56 divisions. Description. Body length of female up to 8.8 mm; of male up to 7.8 mm. Base colour (in spirit) dorsally whitish yellow with a covering of light brown scales, ventrally whitish yellow. Shape of the body elongate, more or less parallel sided, dorso-ventrally compressed anteriorly, sub-cylindrical posteriorly; thorax slightly wider than abdomen (Fig. 1). Faintly brownish pigments distinct on sides and apical border of scapus and antennae, on second and third segment of maxillary palp; lateral margins of labial palp; upper part of coxa, lower part of trochanter, entire lateral margin of femur and outer margin of tibia; styli IX all along their length. Caudal appendages with uniform brown pigmentation, not arranged in alternating dark and light bands. Head semi-circular in outline anteriorly; frons bearing two very conspicuous tufts of stout cephalic setae, pectinate and radially arranged. Numerous bifid and pectinate macrosetae present in both clypeus and labrum; those of the clypeus are grouped in two tufts composed of 28−32 each (Fig. 2). Eyes relatively small, located well behind antennae. Head wider (1.17 mm) than long (0.58 mm). Antenna length up to 5.4 mm, shorter than body and reaching the sixth abdominal segment when directed backwards. Maxillary palp (Fig. 3) slender, five-segmented, last article slightly longer (0.39 mm) than penultimate (0.37 mm). Apical article of labial palp (Fig. 4) sub-globular in shape and bearing nine sensory papillae arranged in a single row; it is about 2.7 times wider at the apex than at the base and 1.1 times wider than long. Anterolateral row of the pronotum (Fig. 5) composed of a single row of bifid and smooth macrosetae. Pronotal collar with oblique sub-parallel rows of 3−5 macrosetae. Lateral margins with 8+8 combs composed of 2‒3 macrosetae each. Two trichobothrial areas on each side, associated to the inner side of the last comb (N) and to inner side of the N-3 comb; trichoid sensilla inserted on the outer side of the combs N and N−1 and on inner side of N-2, N-4, N-5 and N-6. Mesonotum (Fig. 6) lateral margins with 11 combs each consisting of 2−3 macrosetae, including two trichobothrial areas, one in the inner side of the last comb (N) and one in the outer side of the N-2 comb; trichoid sensilla present in the outer side of N-1 and in the inner side of N-3, N-4 and N-5. Metanotum (Fig. 7) lateral margins with 9+9 combs composed of 2‒3 macrosetae. Trichobothrial areas situated in the inner sides of the combs N and N-1; trichoid sensilla inserted on the outer side of combs N-1, N-2, N-5 and N-6 and on the inner side of combs N-2, N-3 and N-4. Hind borders of pro-, meso- and metanota with 1+1 bristle combs composed of 3−4 macrosetae each. Prosternum (Fig. 8) 1.2 mm long, its length/width ratio about 1, subtriangular, posteriorly elliptical in shape; apical part with 1+1 bristle combs each composed of 4 macrosetae. Mesosternum (Fig. 9) 1.4 mm long, its length/ width ratio about 1.1, semi-elliptical in shape, with rounded apex and 1+1 subapical bristle combs each composed of 4 macrosetae. Metasternum 1.3 mm long, length/width ratio about 0.9; posterior margin broadly rounded, with 1+1 bristle combs each composed of 4 macrosetae (Fig 10); the distance between these combs about 5 times the width of a comb. Legs stout; femora short, one strong seta on outer margin distally near the junction of tibiae; tibiae and tarsi moderately elongated; pretarsi with slightly curved claws (Figs. 11 and 12). Coxae and femora with scales. Protibia about 2.4 times longer than wide, with two macrosetae inserted in the dorsal margin and four macrosetae in the ventral margin. Protarsal tarsomere I length about 0.32 mm; tarsomere II, about 0.09 mm; tarsomere III, about 0.17 mm; tarsomere IV, about 0.12 mm. Mesotibia 2.7 times longer than wide, with two dorsal and three ventral macrosetae. Lengths of tarsomeres I, II, III and IV (in mm) on mesotarsus as follows: 0.41, 0.12, 0.15, 0.16. Metatibiae (Fig. 12) about 3 times longer than wide, with four dorsal and six ventral macrosetae. In the metatarsus, the length of tarsomere I is about 0.63 mm; of tarsomere II is about 0.13 mm; of tarsomere III is about 0.18 mm and of tarsomere IV is about 0.21 mm. Urotergite I with 1+1 bristle-combs, each composed of 4−5 macrosetae. Urotergites II−VII with 3+3 bristlecombs, each composed of 4−8 macrosetae, and urotergite VIII with 2+2 bristle-combs, each composed of 6−7 macrosetae. Urotergite IX without bristle combs. Urotergite X (Fig. 13) shorter than the width at its base, subtrapezoidal, short, with rounded posterolateral corners and faintly emarginated hind border with 1+1 prominent bristle-combs, each composed of 7 macrosetae. Urosternites I and II without setae, III−VIII with 1+1 lateral bristle-combs, each composed of (6)8-9 macrosetae. The width of the bristle combs and the gap distances between them varies in each urosternite, so that the ratio between the distance between the combs and the width of a comb varies from 8 on urosternite VII to 15 on urosternite III (Fig. 14). Both sexes with two pairs of styli, inserted on segments VIII (Fig. 15) and IX. In female, the ratio length of styli IX/ length of styli VIII about 1.2. Posterior margin of the coxite VIII round. Inner process of coxite IX triangular and pointed at tip, in the female about 1.5 times longer than wide at its base and 4 times longer than the outer process. Ovipositor very long, with 54−56 divisions, surpassing the apex of the inner process of the coxite IX by 4.3 times the length of this process (Fig. 16). Apical parts of gonapophyses not sclerotized, both the anterior and posterior regions with fine bristles; anterior region with two long setae (Fig. 17). Caudal filaments long but broken and incomplete on type material. Distribution and habitat. Specimens of Ctenolepisma venkataramani sp. n. were found in large numbers generally in shady, semi-decomposed leaf litter and under stones beside East Thiopathak Waterfalls at Sri Venkateshwara National Park. The species is supposed to be abundant in this tropical forest of Indian Deccan plateau. The conservation of this habitat will protect this Zygentoma species. Differential diagnosis. This new species is close to Ctenolepisma (Ctenolepisma) boettgerianum, as they have similar abdominal chaetotaxy (urotergite I with 1+1, II‒VII with 3+3 and VIII with 2+2 bristle combs; urosternites I and II without setae, III–VIII with 1+1 bristle combs), similar trapezoidal shape of the tenth urotergite and similar size. They differ in the characters presented in Table 1. The most remarkable character of the new species is the presence of an unusually high number of sensory papillae (nine) on the apical article of the labial palp, a condition that can be occasionally found in C. longicaudatum Escherich, 1905. In this latter species the number of papillae is variable, and most specimens bear the typical number (five), arranged as usual in a single row. However, C. longicaudatum is different because of its urotergal setation (3+3 combs in urotergite II‒VI), larger size (up to 15 mm or more), greater length of appendages and lighter epidermal pigment. Compared with other Indian species of the genus, there are 2 species of the subgenus Ctenolepisma s. str. bearing 3+3 combs on urotergites II‒VII and a trapezoidal tenth urotergite that are also present in some parts of Asia: C. mauritanicum (Lucas, 1846) and C. przewalskyi Kaplin, 1982. These species are easily distinguishable from C. venkataramani sp. n. as they have 2 or more pairs of bristle-combs in their prosternum (only one pair in the new species), and their ovipositor has a lower number of divisions (about 40 or less).

Ctenolepisma (Ctenolepisma) udumalpetense sp. n. (Figures 18−38) Type material. Holotype: Forest floor beside Trimurti dam, Udumalpet, Tiruppur district, Tamil Nadu, India (10°29’11” N and 77°9’46” E), 17.ix.2019, 1 female, coll. A.K. Hazra, Registration number 3053/H14, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Paratypes: Same locality as holotype, 18.ix.2019, 22 (12 males 10 females), coll. A.K. Hazra, Registration number 3054/H14, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata. Etymology. The species is named after the name of the locality Udumalpet, Tiruppur district, Tamil Nadu, India, which is the type locality. Diagnosis. This new species is a relatively small Ctenolepisma s. str. (about 6 mm long) with five sensory papillae on the apical articles of their labial palps. Their trichobothrial areas are arranged as in C. ciliatum. It has 1+1 bristle-combs of macrosetae in each thoracic sternite, 3+3 bristle-combs in urotergites II-VI, trapezoidal urotergite X and two pairs of abdominal styli. Ovipositor short, with less than 30 divisions. As in related species, tibial scales are absent, but femoral scales are narrower than usual (not widely rounded, but ovoid or elliptical). Description. Body length of females up to 6.1 mm, males slightly shorter (5.8 mm). Habitus (Fig. 18) fusiform, with the thorax slightly wider (1.19 mm) than the abdomen base (1 mm). Body pigment dark, uniformly distributed; antennae with evenly distributed light pigmentation but terminal filaments show distinct light and dark annulations. Scales dorsally dark brown. Ventral scales lighter pigmented. Body scales are rounded, fan-shaped and ovoid (Fig. 19) Macrosetae bifid, plumose; chaetotaxy of head as usual for the genus. Both clypeus and labrum with numerous bifid and pectinate macrosetae. Clypeus with two tufts of setae, each composed of 32–34 macrosetae. In the middle of the clypeus, a tuft of smooth hair-like setae present composed of 14 setae (Fig. 20). Eyes black, composed of 12 ommatidia. Antennal length up to 4 mm, shorter than body, surpassing the thorax up to abdominal segment six when directed backwards. Apical article of maxillary palp (Fig. 21) slightly longer (0.34 mm) than the penultimate (0.31 mm). Apical article of the labial palp about as wide (0.24 mm) as long (0.23 mm), with 5 distinct ovoid sensory papillae arranged in a compact single row (Figs. 22, 23). Medial part of the pronotal collar (Fig. 24) composed of 3–4 rows of macrosetae, lateral regions each with a single row of smooth macrosetae. Lateral margins of pronotum (Fig. 25) with 6+5 combs composed of 1–3 macrosetae each, including two trichobothrial areas, one in the inner side of the last comb (N) and another in the inner side of the N-3 comb. Mesonotum (Fig. 26) lateral margins with 8+8 combs consisting of 1–3 macrosetae; only one trichobothrial area in the outer side of the N-1 comb observed. Metanotum (Fig. 27) lateral margins with 6+6 combs composed of 1–3 macrosetae; trichobothria not seen. Hind borders of pro-, meso- and metanota with 1+1 bristle combs composed of 1–2 macrosetae each. Thoracic sternites as in Figs. 28–30. Prosternum 0.65 mm long, its length/width ratio about 0.9, with rounded posterior apex; postero-lateral margin with 1+1 bristle combs, each composed of 3–4 macrosetae. Mesosternum 0.84 mm long, its length/width ratio about 1.1, slightly wider than prosternum; its posterior apex rounded with 1+1 bristle combs, each composed of 3 macrosetae. Metasternum 0.82 mm long, its length/width ratio about 0.9; with broadly rounded apex, with 1+1 bristle combs, each composed of 5 macrosetae; the distance between these combs about 5 times the width of a comb. Scales present on coxae and femora (Figs. 31 and 32); femoral scales (Fig.–33) smaller than coxal ones, elliptical and with rounded apical margin. Length/width ratio of protibia about 2.4; of mesotibia about 2.5 and of metatibia about 2.8. Two macrosetae present in the dorsal margin of the protibia and three macrosetae in the ventral margin; mesotibia with two dorsal and five ventral macrosetae; metatibia with one dorsal and four ventral macrosetae. Protarsal tarsomere lengths I‒IV 0.25 0.09 mm 0.12 0.1 mm, respectively. The length of tarsomeres I, II, III and IV (in mm) on mesotarsus as follows: 0.34, 0.08, 0.12, 0.1 mm. The length of tarsomeres I, II, III and IV (in mm) on metatarsus as follows: 0.48, 0.11, 0.13, 0.12. Urotergite I with 1+1 bristle-combs composed of 3 macrosetae. Urotergites II–VI with 3+3 bristle-combs composed of 2‒5 macrosetae, urotergites VII‒VIII with 2+2 bristle-combs composed of 3‒4 macrosetae. Urotergite X trapezoidal, wider than long at its base (length 0.48 mm, base width 0.99 mm, apical width 0.29 mm), ratio length/ width about 0.48, posterior margin slightly concave (Fig. 34), with 1+1 bristle-combs of 3–4 macrosetae each. Urosternites I and II without setae, III–VIII with 1+1 lateral bristle-combs with 4–6 macrosetae. The width of the bristle combs and the space between them varying on each urosternite; this distance ranging from 10 times the width of a comb on urosternite VII to about 17 times on urosternite III. On urosternite IV (Fig. 35) this ratio about 13. Both sexes with two pairs of styli on urosternites VIII and IX. Styli IX 2.3 times longer than the inner process of the corresponding coxite in males and 2.1 times longer in females. In females, the length of styli VIII 6.2 times longer than their width, and length of styli IX about 8.7 times longer than wide. Ratio of the length of styli IX/ length of styli VIII is 1.2–1.5 for females and 1.3–1.5 for males. Inner process of female coxite VIII obliquely rounded. Length of inner process of coxite IX twice its width at its base and 4 times longer than the outer process. Ovipositor short, not surpassing the tip of coxite IX (Fig. 36). Anterior gonapophysis with 29 divisions, bearing 2–3 small setae at the apex. Posterior gonapophysis with 27 divisions. Penis as in Figures 37 and 38. Distribution and habitat. Specimens of Ctenolepisma udumalpetense sp. n. were found in large numbers generally in shady semi-decomposed dry leaf litter in forested regions. It is an active insect on the ground in leaf litter beside Trimurti Dam. The species is abundant in this tropical semi- evergreen forest of the Southern part of India. The protection of this habitat will help to conserve this Zygentoma species. Differential diagnosis. C. udumalpetense sp. n. is probably related to species of the subgenus Ctenolepisma s. str. with trapezoidal tenth urotergite, 3+3 bristle-combs in urotergites II-VI and two pairs of abdominal styli, such as Ctenolepisma (C.) ciliatum (Dufour, 1831) or C. (C). longicaudatum Escherich, 1905. Apart from these two species, some others have been described that share the aforementioned characters: C. (C.) iranicum Molero, Kahrarian & Gaju, 2016, C. (C.) armeniacum Molero-Baltanás, Gaju-Ricart, Bach de Roca & Mendes, 2010 and C. (C.) abyssinicum Mendes, 1982 from Iran, Armenia and Ethiopia, respectively. All of these species also possess on the apical article of the labial palp five strong ovoid sensory papillae arranged in a single row (Figs 22–23). They differ from C. udumalpetense sp. n., in the following characters: 1. The prosternum of C. udumalpetense sp. n. has a more rounded apex and only 1+1 pairs of bristle-combs (Fig. 28). Macrosetae of these combs are, as well as those of meso- and metasternum, arranged in a single row. However, related species have at least 2+2 bristle-combs in the prosternum (frequently, 3+3 or more); moreover, the apex of this sternite in C. ciliatum and C. abyssinicum is more acute and the combs of thoracic sternites of C. armeniacum and C. iranicum are double (consist of at least two rows of macrosetae). 2. Ctenolepisma udumalpetense sp. n. has a maximum body length of 6.1 mm, whereas similar species typically reach 8 mm or more. 3. The ovipositor of C. udumalpetense sp. n. is relatively short, not surpassing the tip of the inner process of coxites IX. In the other related species mentioned babove, the ovipositor not only surpasses the apex of coxite IX but also the tip of the styli IX. The number of divisions is also higher in these previously known species (35- 49 in C. ciliatum, even more in other species), while the new Indian species has 29 divisions. This character and the smaller size could correspond to young silverfish, but no specimens of C. udumalpetense sp. n. have been found with a greater size or a longer ovipositor. 4. The femoral scales of C. ciliatum, C. armeniacum and C. iranicum are rounded, while in C. udumalpetense sp. n. are narrower, more or less elliptical (Figs. 31–32). This character has not been described in the remaining species.

Silverfish are known as one of the major pests which feed on paper and starch-based materials and can cause serious problems in museums, libraries and archives. Ctenolepisma calvum (Ritter, 1910) was first recorded from Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and has also been known from Central American countries including Guyana and Cuba. Recently, its rapid spread to European countries, including Austria, Czech, Germany and Norway, has been reported. In addition, there are unverified records of C. calvum from 17 more countries in the on-line citizen-science platforms iNaturalist. We report C. calvum in Japan for the first time, from Hokkaido, Miyagi, Tokyo, Fukuoka and Nagasaki Prefectures. The specimens in Japan were observed in detail by stereomicroscope, optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The occurrence of this species is a serious problem from the viewpoint of protection of cultural properties. We also registered their mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene in EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ.

s Germ line specification is essential in sexually reproducing organisms. Despite their critical role, the evolutionary history of the genes that specify animal germ cells is heterogeneous and dynamic. In many insects, the gene oskar is required for the specification of the germ line. However, the germ line role of oskar is thought to be a derived role resulting from co-option from an ancestral somatic role. To address how evolutionary changes in protein sequence could have led to changes in the function of Oskar protein that enabled it to regulate germ line specification, we searched for oskar orthologs in 1,565 publicly available insect genomic and transcriptomic data sets. The earliest-diverging lineage in which we identified an oskar ortholog was the order Zygentoma (silverfish and firebrats), suggesting that oskar originated before the origin of winged insects. We noted some order-specific trends in oskar sequence evolution, including whole gene duplications, clade-specific losses, and rapid divergence. An alignment of all known 379 Oskar sequences revealed new highly conserved residues as candidates that promote dimerization of the LOTUS domain. Moreover, we identified regions of the OSK domain with conserved predicted RNA binding potential. Furthermore, we show that despite a low overall amino acid conservation, the LOTUS domain shows higher conservation of predicted secondary structure than the OSK domain. Finally, we suggest new key amino acids in the LOTUS domain that may be involved in the previously reported Oskar−Vasa physical interaction that is required for its germ line role.

Insects are the largest and most diverse group of organisms on Earth. They play a very important role in ecosystems so their study is essential. The Entomological Collection of Miguel Lillo Foundation- Institute (I- FML) holds about 2.000.000 specimens, among which are those of the type series, which total 4.029 specimens, assigned to 103 species. The countries from the material comes are: Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela. The objetive of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of the specimens of the type series of the orders Diptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Zygentoma, deposited in the entomological collection preserved in alcohol of I- FML.

Family Nicoletiidae Lubbock, 1873 Nicoletiadae Lubbock, 1873: 201. Gymnodermata Joseph, 1882: 25. Nicoletiinae Lubbock. — Escherich, 1905: 36. Nicoletiidae Lubbock. — Remington, 1954: 284., Published as part of Smith, Graeme B., Mitchell, Andrew & Mesaglio, Thomas, 2022, Two New Australian Silverfish (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae: Ctenolepismatinae and Nicoletiidae: Subnicoletiinae), pp. 59-74 in Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 74 (2) on page 68, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.74.2022.1796, http://zenodo.org/record/7178146, {"references":["Lubbock, J. 1873. Monograph of the Collembola and Thysanura. London: The Ray Society, 276 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11583","Joseph, G. 1882. Systematisches Verzeichniss der in den Tropfstein - Grotten von Krain einheimischen Arthropoden nebst Diagnosen der vom Verfasser entdeckten und bisher noch nicht beschriebenen Arten. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 26 (1): 1 - 50.","Escherich, K. 1905. Das System der Lepismatiden. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 43: 1 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7909","Remington, C. L. 1954. The suprageneric classification of the order Thysanura (Insecta). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 47: 277 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 47.2.277"]}

Smith, Graeme B., Molero-Baltanás, Rafael, Jaberhashemi, Seyed Aghil, Rafinejad, Javad (2020): A New Species of Maindronia Bouvier, 1897 from Iran (Zygentoma: Maindroniidae). Records of the Australian Museum 72 (1): 9-21, DOI: 10.3853/j.2201-4349.72.2020.1760

We describe three new species of the genus Coletinia Wygodzinsky, 1980, the most diverse of the family Nicoletiidae (order Zygentoma = Thysanura s. str.) in Europe: C. dalmatica Molero-Baltanás, Fišer, Bach de Roca &#38 Gaju-Ricart sp. nov. from Croatia, C. dextra Molero-Baltanás, Bach de Roca &#38 Gaju-Ricart sp. nov. from Spain and C. serrata Mendes, Molero-Baltanás, Bach de Roca &#38 Gaju-Ricart sp. nov. from Portugal. Coletinia dalmatica sp. nov. seems to be related with C. maggi (Grassi, 1887) and both Iberian species belong to the asymetrica species group. New material of some previously recognized species (C. diania Molero, Bach &#38 Gaju, 2013, C. intermedia Molero, Bach &#38 Gaju, 2013, C. mendesi Wygodzinsky, 1980, C. redetecta Molero, Bach &#38 Gaju, 2013 and C. tinauti Molero-Baltanás, Gaju-Ricart &#38 Bach de Roca, 1997) is reported, enlarging in most cases their geographic distribution, and including some new data on their intraspecific variability. Finally, an updated identification key to all known species of the genus Coletinia is given.

Coletinia redetecta Molero, Bach & Gaju, 2013 Coletinia redetecta Molero, Bach & Gaju in Molero et al., 2013: 38���40, figs 2a, 7, 102���116. Material examined SPAIN ��� 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Castell��n Province, La Vall de Uix��, Coves de Sant Josep; 15 Oct. 2016; A. Sendra leg.; UCO, Ref. Z2642. Distribution Endemic to karstic areas of Castell��n Province, in eastern Spain. Variability remarks The specimens of this sample were collected in a cave about 78 km to the south of the type locality of the species. They are tentatively assigned to C. redetecta, although there are some differences in some characters with the type material. Here, we consider that these differences can be attributed to intraspecific variability. The most important difference is the lower number of ventral macrochaetae in tibiae (in specimens from the type locality, the metatibiae usually have 6 or more ventral macrochaetae and in the new sample the metatibiae bear 5 macrochaetae). A thorough examination of all available specimens has revealed that all tibiae have at least 2 (frequently, 3) dorsal macrochaetae (if only one was reported for this species, this was caused by a loss of the setae, but the insertion of the second one has been detected). This character is shared with C. longitibia Molero, Bach & Gaju 2013 and C. capolongoi, but not with C. tessella Molero, Bach & Gaju, 2013 and all the species of the group capolongoi distributed further south, which bear only one dorsal macrochaetae on their metatibiae. This character has been included in the key at the end of this work, but the number of the ventral macrochaetae is excluded due to the variability mentioned above. The formula of pegs on the cerci of the holotype is: C1 (0) +C2 (1[0 id]+2[0���1 id] +3[1 id]). The only male available from the second locality where the species was found (Avenc d���en Serenge, Cabanes) has the cerci damaged. The formula of cerci in a male of the new locality (La Vall de Uix��) is: C1 (0) +C2 (1[1 id]+2[1 id] +3[1 id]+4[1 id]). The paracercus in all specimens examined lacks short spines; there are 0���2 thin acute dorsal spines in the first and second divisions of P2., Published as part of Molero-Baltan��s, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Fi��er, ��iga, Bach de Roca, Carmen & Mendes, Lu��s F., 2022, Three new species of European Coletinia Wygodzinsky (Zygentoma, Nicoletiidae), with additional records and an updated identification key, pp. 127-161 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 (1) on pages 150-152, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1675, http://zenodo.org/record/6341178, {"references":["Molero R., Bach C., Sendra A., Montagud S., Barranco P. & Gaju M. 2013. Revision of the genus Coletinia (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) in the Iberian Peninsula, with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 3615 (1): 1 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3615.1.1","Wygodzinsky P. 1980. A survey of the Nicoletiidae of Europe (Nicoletiidae, Thysanura, Insecta). American Museum Novitates 2695: 1 - 24. Available from http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 5428 [accessed 16 Feb. 2022].","Silvestri F. 1938. Descrizione di una nuova specie di Nicoletia vivente in una grotta della Francia. Revue francaise d ' Entomologie 5: 188 - 193."]}

Coletinia serrata Mendes, Molero-Baltan��s, Bach de Roca & Gaju-Ricart sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0C4AC44D-C343-42B7-BCC6-AB6B31F6456D Figs 9 ���11 Diagnosis Insect subcylindrical and yellowish, body 8 mm long. Pedicels of male antennae with asymmetrical apophyses; the left apophysis is bigger and similar to that of C. tinauti, subcylindrical and with the apex modified bearing a laminar expansion that shows a denticulated margin (with high magnification). Right apophysis smaller, about ⅔ of the left one, without a visible glandular seta. All tibiae with one lateral small spine. Male urotergite X with 3+ 4 pegs. Male VIIIth urosternite with a slightly convex (almost straight) hind margin. Paramera 5.5 times longer than wide. Cerci without pegs, each one with a series of 3 basal short acute spines, all of them in the second division. Female unknown. Coletinia serrata sp. nov. from the region of Alentejo (southern Portugal) can be included in the group of species with asymmetrical antennae in males, where the left pedicellar apophysis is more developed than the right one. Inside this group, the remaining species show a stronger difference in size between both apophyses, because the right one is much reduced. For example, in C. asymetrica Bach de Roca, Mendes & Gaju Ricart, 1985 the left apophysis is about 10 times longer than the right one. The difference of size is similar in C. herculea or C. vergitana Molero, Barranco, Bach & Gaju, 2013, but in these two species subadult specimens show a more symmetric apophysis (Molero et al. 2013). Nevertheless, the studied specimen of C. serrata is clearly an adult, as indicated by the modified pegs of the terminal filaments and the tenth urotergite. In subadults of C. herculea and C. vergitana the glandular seta of the apex of the apophysis is developed in both apophyses, but in C. serrata this seta is strongly reduced in the right apophysis. Moreover, the shape and projections of the apophyses of asymmetrical species are different to C. serrata; the left apophysis of C. serrata is more like that of C. dextra sp. nov. or those of C. mendesi or C. tinauti, species with symmetric antennae, although the denticulation of the lamellar subapical expansion of the apophysis is not so clearly denticulated as in C. serrata. Only one species of the genus Coletinia, C. dextra sp. nov. from Andalusia (Spain), described in this work, shows its right pedicellar apophysis more developed than the left one. The different chirality of antennal apophyses is not the only difference between C. dextra and C. serrata sp. nov., although more differences could be provided when females of both species were found. The metatibiae of the Spanish species have 2 dorsal spines (only one in the Portuguese species), the number of discal setae of the tenth urotergite is higher in the Spanish species, the shape of the hind margin of the VIIIth urosternite is different and the number of spiniform pegs in terminal filaments is higher in C. dextra. Coletinia serrata sp. nov. perhaps represents the first step of the evolution of species of Coletinia with symmetrical antennae to those, as C. asymetrica and other species described from the Southern Iberian Peninsula, that have a vestigial right pedicel. Etymology The specific name ��� serrata ��� refers to the denticulate margin of the lamellar expansion of the left pedicellar apophysis, character that has only been observed in this species. Material examined Holotype PORTUGAL ��� ♂; Alentejo, Santa Margarida do Sado; 38��06��� N, 08��21��� W; 15 May 2007; A. Serrano leg.; MUHNAC, CZ-5646, mounted on slide. Description MEASUREMENTS. Body length: 8 mm. Body width: 1.5 mm.Antennae broken; maximum length preserved: 3.5 mm. Body subcylindrical, yellowish, devoid of scales. BODY. Head with scarce thin setae and some bifid macrochaetae; frons and clypeus as in Fig. 9A.Antennae asymmetric (Fig. 9B���C). The apophysis of the right pedicel is reduced, subcylindrical without a defined apical glandular seta, about 0.45 times as wide as the pedicel and about 3 times longer than wide (iL/W = 3.2; oL/W = 2.6); its apex reaches the second division of the flagellum. Left apophysis bigger (Fig. 9D), reaching the fourth division of the flagellum, subcylindrical, with a lamellar expansion in its apical part that shows its distal margin denticulated (with high magnification; see Fig. 9E). A glandular seta is inserted in the apical part of the apophysis, over the lamellar expansion. This left apophysis is about 0.7 times as wide as the pedicel and about 3 times longer than wide (iL/W = 3.5; oL/W = 2.5). The left apophysis is about 1.4 times longer than and 1.5 times as wide as the right one (considering the inner length in dorsal view; see Fig. 9C). Maxillary palps with a lot of basiconic sensilla on the distal article (Fig. 9F) and in the apical part of the penultimate. The distal article is about 4.7 times longer than wide and 1.35 times longer than the penultimate (Fig. 9G). Labial palps typical of Nicoletiidae (Fig. 10A), the last article with 3 basiconic sensilla in the inner side of the basal part and a row of 5 basiconic sensilla in the outer side. THORAX. Thoracic segments. Typical of the genus, with small setae covering the disc of the nota, their length about 1/12 to 1/6 times as long as the segment. LEGS. Protibiae about 3.6 times longer than wide, with 2 dorsal, 1 lateral and 4 ventral acute spines (Fig. 10B). Mesotibiae about 4.3 times longer than wide, with the same number of spines than protibiae (Fig. 10C). Metatibiae almost 1.6 times longer than protibiae and 4.7 times longer than wide, with 1 dorsal, 1 lateral and 4 ventral spines (Fig. 10D). Ventral spines of all tibiae about as long as the width of the tibiae or slightly shorter. ABDOMEN. Urotergites covered with thin setae that are 1/5���1/8 times as long as the tergite (Fig. 10E). Tenth urotergite as in Fig. 11A, with the hind margin concave and almost straight in the bottom of the concavity. Its posterolateral lobes show a low number of pegs, 3 on the right side and 4 on the left side (Fig. 11B). The apical peg of each lobe is bigger than the others. The disc of the urotergite shows 4 setae. Urosternites II���VIII entire and covered with thin setae, bearing one pair of styli and coxal vesicles; their hind margin with 1 +1 submedian and 1+ 1 sublateral (placed close to the insertion of the styli) short bifid macrosetae; moreover, 1+1 discal short macrosetae are present (Fig. 11C). Urosternite VIII somewhat protruding posteriorly, with its hind margin convex, almost straight (Fig. 11D). MALE GENITALIA. Paramera cylindrical, about 5.5 times longer than wide (Fig. 11E), their distal part as in Fig. 11F. TERMINAL FILAMENTS. Broken, only their basal part preserved (about 1.5 mm in the paracercus and one cercus). Both cerci bear 3 acute and short spines on their inner side, all of them in the second division and about 4.5���5.5 times longer than wide; their formula is C2(1[1id]+ 2[1id] +3[id]), corresponding to Fig. 11G. The paracercus has one peg in the basal division, one peg in the first ring of setae of the second division and one peg that can be considered as a slightly modified pigmented spine in the third ring of setae, as shown in Fig. 11H; formula P1 (1[d]) +P2 (1[d]+ 3[d]). The peg on the basal division and the first one of the second division are about 5���6 times longer than their higher width, the spine in the third ring of setae is about 9.5 times longer than wide. Habitat The only known specimen of Coletinia serrata sp. nov. was found under a schist stone. This circumstance is similar to what has been commented for C. dextra, probably the usual habitat of these species is more subterranean. Nevertheless, specifying an ecological classification to the species described in this work does not make sense due to the small number of samples and specimens found and to the absence of special morphological differences that could be related to different underground lifestyles.All species of Coletinia show similar morphological adaptations to live in caves or other subterranean habitats, which are shared with most species of the family Nicoletiidae and which can be considered plesiomorphic in this group (absence of eyes, light pigmentation, slender bodies and long appendages)., Published as part of Molero-Baltan��s, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Fi��er, ��iga, Bach de Roca, Carmen & Mendes, Lu��s F., 2022, Three new species of European Coletinia Wygodzinsky (Zygentoma, Nicoletiidae), with additional records and an updated identification key, pp. 127-161 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 (1) on pages 143-148, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1675, http://zenodo.org/record/6341178, {"references":["Molero R., Bach C., Sendra A., Montagud S., Barranco P. & Gaju M. 2013. Revision of the genus Coletinia (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) in the Iberian Peninsula, with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 3615 (1): 1 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3615.1.1"]}

Coletinia tinauti Molero-Baltan��s, Gaju-Ricart & Bach de Roca, 1997 Coletinia tinauti Molero-Baltan��s, Gaju-Ricart & Bach de Roca, 1997: 97���104, figs 1���4. Coletinia tinauti ��� Molero et al. 2013: 49���52, figs 1b, 6b, 9b, 153���163. Material examined SPAIN ��� 14 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Ja��n Province, Cueva de la Morciguilla; 24 Dec. 2013; GEV leg.; UCO Ref. Z2507. Variability remarks The abundant material belonging to this species collected at one locality (22 specimens) allows to assess the variability of C. tinauti. This sample comes from a cave about 35 km distance from the type locality of the species, and the insects collected completely fit the original description. Some specimens of this sample have been dissected and examined, concluding that most of their characters are proven to be constant inside the population, such as the shape of the urosternite VIII of males or the number of divisions of the ovipositor. Nevertheless, the variability of some characters proves to be wider than previously known for this species (see Table 1). For example, the shape of the hind margin of the urotergite X in males proves to be variable, since in some specimens it is folded in its median part or is more convex dorsally but more straight ventrally; this agrees with the variability detected for this character in C. maggi by Gilgado & Ortu��o (2015), although this variability is not detected in C. tinauti for females. The terminal filaments of this species present few pegs with blunt apex (at most 5 but usually 4 or less in each cercus). The paracercus has only, as usual, short, pigmented spines. The formula of the paracercus of the holotype is P1 (1[1 d]) +P2 (1[0]); in this specimen the paracercus is broken and only the first division is preserved. The illustration presented by Molero-Baltan��s et al. (1997) in the original description corresponds in fact to a cercus. Variability of the paracercus in other male specimens examined: the first division of the cercus bears in some specimens (as the holotype) one thin acute and small dorsal spine; in other specimens this spine is absent. The second division shows 3 more robust and short dorsal spines (the third longer than the preceding ones) inserted on alternate rings of setae. If the dorsal spine on P1 is absent, these spines are present on the first, third and fifth rings of setae; if the dorsal spine on P1 is present, the modified spines are inserted on the second, fourth and sixth rings of setae. So, the formula can be P1 (1[0]) +P2 (1[1d] +2[0]+ 3[1d] +4[0]+ 5[1d]) or P1 (1[1d])+P2 (1[0]+ 2[1d] +3[0] +4[1d] +5[0] +6[1d]). All these spines are acute but clearly different (shorter, more robust, and pigmented) to the unmodified setae of the dorsal side of the paracercus of females. In cerci, the inner-dorsal spines are more robust than the inner-ventral ones and usually show blunt apex, except those in the C3, and can be considered as pegs, but there is some variability (for example, in the holotype there is only one peg in the first ring of C2, see Fig. 1C). The remaining spines are thinner and frequently acute but always shortened compared with setae in similar position in females. The formula of the left cercus of the holotype (shown in Fig. 3) is: C1 (1[1id +1iv]) +C2 (1[1 id +1iv] +2[1id])+C3 (1[1id + 1iv]+ 2[1id]); the right cercus is drawn by Molero et al. (1997: fig. 3.6), except for the second ring of setae of C3, which is damaged (in the caption it is incorrectly indicated as paracercus) and its formula is C1 (1[1 id +1 iv])+C2 (1[1 id + 1iv]+ 2[1id]) +C3 (1[1id +1iv]). Variability of the cercus in other male specimens examined: the limit between the second and the third division of the cercus has a more distal position in most of the remaining specimens observed, so the spines of the first and second ring of setae of C 3 in the holotype correspond in these additional specimens to the third and fourth ring of setae of C2. But the arrangement of pegs is similar, with some exceptions: ��� The pegs of C1 are absent in some specimens; in this case, the apex of the spine of the third ring of setae of the C2 is blunt. ��� Some spines inserted on inner-ventral position can be absent or reduced to thin usual setae (not modified). Considering this variability, the formula of cerci of most specimens of C. tinauti where the division between C2 and C3 is placed beyond the fourth ring of setae is: C1(1[0���1 id +0���1iv]) + C2(1[1 id +0��� 1iv] + 2[1 id +0���1iv] +3[1 id + 0���1iv] + 4 [0���1 id + 0���1iv]). The maximum number of blunt pegs in C2 is 4. Key for identification of species of the genus Coletinia This key is based on that of Wygodzinsky (1980) but includes the 16 new species described afterwards. The females of Coletinia diania, C. herculea, C. setosula, C. dextra sp. nov. and C. serrata sp. nov. and the males of Coletinia corsica Chopard, 1924 are not known, so they are excluded from the key. The original description (only available) of the female Coletinia corsica is insufficient to identify some characters considered in this key, so this species is not included. For some characters, figures of original descriptions have been considered when not explicitly described in the text. Moreover, the variability of C. maggi discussed by Gilgado & Ortu��o (2015) is left pending, and the distinction established by Molero et al. (2013) between C. maggi and C. hernandoi Molero, Bach & Gaju 2013 is not considered, since both taxa require further investigation. We indicate this in the key as ��� Coletinia maggi species group���. For some characters, the key of Molero et al. (2013) has been used but revised and modified, because the high variability detected in several species, as commented in the discussion section. For example, the shape of the hind margin of the urotergite X has been discarded. 1. Frons with very numerous subequal long setae................................................................................ 2 ��� Frons with fewer setae, both distinct macrochaetae and short bristles............................................. 3 2. Macrochaetae of tibiae robust, the ventral ones of mesotibiae clearly longer than the diameter of the tibia (about 1.5 times this diameter) and bigger than those of metatibiae. Males with parameres that do not reach the level of apex of styli IX. SW Iberian Peninsula..... C. mendesi Wygodzinsky, 1980 ��� Macrochaetae of tibiae thin, the ventral ones of mesotibiae about as long as the diameter of the tibia and not bigger than those of metatibiae. Parameres large, attaining the level of apex of styli IX. Known from Sicily........................................................................... C. setosula Wygodzinsky, 1980 3. Males................................................................................................................................................. 4 ��� Females........................................................................................................................................... 24 4. Antennae symmetrical (left and right pedicellar apophyses similarly developed)......................... 12 ��� Antennae asymmetrical (left and right apophysis with different size and shape)............................ 5 5. Left apophysis with two elongate and narrow ribbon-like processes, longer than the width of the pedicel. Right apophysis less developed and triangular, without apical or subapical seta, its base more than half the width of the pedicel. Italy.................................. C. subterranea (Silvestri, 1902) ��� Apophyses without elongate ribbon-like processes. If processes are present, they are short and not ribbon-like, and their length is lower than the width of the pedicel. Right apophysis with diverse shapes, often with apical or subapical seta; if triangular and without seta, its size is smaller (its base less than half the width of the pedicel)............................................................................................. 6 6. The less developed apophysis is at least half the length of the more developed one and is subcylindrical or conical in shape, longer than wide. Terminal filaments without pegs, with acute spines similarly developed to those of females or slightly shortened and robust....................................................... 7 ��� The less developed apophysis (right) is very small, less than 0.2 times as long as the more developed one (left)............................................................................................................................................ 9 7. The more developed apophysis (left) has a sclerotized subapical ridge and its distal part is clearly wider than the base. Less developed apophysis (right) with subapical glandular seta. Terminal filaments with a setation like that of females; inner spines of cerci thin. Brazil............................................................................................................................ C. brasiliensis Mendes & Ferreira, 2002. ��� The more developed apophysis (left or right) lacks sclerotizations and its width is similar in the distal and in the basal part; the distal area shows a lamellar process. Less developed apophysis (left or right) without a visible subapical seta. Inner spines of cerci shortened and robust (spiniform pegs). S Spain and Portugal......................................................................................................................... 8 8. Left apophysis more developed than the right one. Lamellar process of the left apophysis with denticulate margin....... C. serrata Mendes, Molero-Baltan��s, Bach de Roca & Gaju-Ricart sp. nov. ��� Right apophysis more developed than the left one. Lamellar process of the left apophysis not clearly denticulate, almost straight......... C. dextra Molero-Baltan��s, Bach de Roca & Gaju-Ricart sp. nov. 9. Right apophysis of adult males of triangular shape, without glandular seta.................................. 10 ��� Right apophysis of adult males with other shape, with or without apical seta................................11 10. Left pedicellar apophysis without lamellar expansion, its sclerotized area placed besides or under the glandular seta; this seta is inserted on apical position. Only known from C��rdoba Province (S Spain)........................................................................ C. asymetrica Bach, Mendes & Gaju, 1985 ��� Lamellar expansion and sclerotized area of the left pedicellar apophysis extending above the glandular seta. Canary Islands............................ C. majorensis Molero, Gaju, L��pez & Bach, 2014 11. Posterior margin of eighth urosternite not very protruding (ratio length/width of the protruding part about 0.23) and slightly convex. Apophysis of the left pedicel of adults with a sclerotized region next to the glandular cone and a very well developed subapical lateroexternal process, showing no sclerotizations but densely covered with small hairs. Only known from a cave near Berja (Almer��a, SE Spain).......................................................... C. vergitana Molero, Barranco, Bach & Gaju, 2013 ��� Posterior margin of eighth urosternite more protruding (ratio length/width of the protruding part about 0.32) and convex. Apophysis of the left pedicel of adults with two lamellar processes, one apical without sclerotization, and one subapical with hook-shaped sclerotization and with a long and strong macrochaeta plus a few thin setae. Only known from S Spain (Straits of Gibraltar).......................................................................................................... C. herculea Molero, Bach & Gaju, 2013 12. Pedicellar apophyses simple, subcylindrical, not abruptly narrowed in their apex (simply rounded apically) without sclerotizations or processes (reported from several countries of southern and central Europe, in revision)................................................................ Coletinia maggi species group ��� Pedicellar apophyses not simple, abruptly narrowed or truncate at their apex and/or with processes or sclerotizations............................................................................................................................. 13 13. Pedicellar apophyses large, reaching the limit of annuli 7���8 of the flagellum, and even further elongated by a long thin sclerotised extension abruptly turning back on itself toward its pedicel, furnished with a predistal tooth and whose distal end is spatula like and toothed. Urotergite X with more than 20 +20 pegs. Only known from Turkey............................... C. longissima Mendes, 1988 ��� Pedicellar apophyses smaller and with a different shape. Urotergite X with a lower number of pegs, usually less than 10 +10.................................................................................................................. 14 14. Pedicellar apophyses subcylindrical, slightly widened in their distal half but narrowing in its apex forming a glandular cone that is not accompanied by any lamellar projection, sclerotizations of tegument or hook-shaped process. Cerci without blunt pegs, only with acute short spines. Tibiae lacking lateral spines..... C. dalmatica Molero-Baltan��s, Fi��er, Bach de Roca & Gaju-Ricart sp. nov. ��� Pedicellar apophysis not widened in their distal half, narrowing in the apex where the glandular cone is visible, and accompanied by lamellar projections, sclerotizations or hook-shaped processes. Cerci usually with blunt pegs in their basal divisions (at least in C2, except for C. jeanneli). Tibiae usually with one short lateral spine (not described in C. bulgarica (Kozaroff, 1939))..................................15 15. Pedicellar apophysis with a subapical hook-shaped projection and a sclerotized area besides the glandular cone. Metatibiae length is, according to the original figures, less than 4 times longer than wide. Only known from Bulgaria....................................................... C. bulgarica (Kozaroff, 1939) ��� Pedicellar apophysis different. If presenting hook-shaped projections, there are two or they are not sclerotized. Ratio length/width of metatibiae higher, 4 or more times longer than wide............... 16 16. Pedicellar apophysis with two curved projections, not lamellar. Hind margin of urosternite VIII very protruding and straight (Fig. 12D). Without blunt pegs on cerci (only acute spines, according to the original description). Known from France............................................ C. jeanneli (Silvestri, 1938) ��� Pedicellar apophysis with an apical lamellar projection besides the glandular cone (capolongoi type). Hind margin of urosternite VIII protruding; if straight, not so protruding (Fig. 12E). Usually with blunt pegs on cerci, at least in C2........................................................................................... 17 17. Hind margin of urosternite VIII straight or almost straight............................................................ 18 ��� Hind margin of urosternite VIII convex, rounded in the middle area............................................ 19 18. Urotergite X with at least 6 +6 sensory pegs. Known from caves of Castell��n Province (E Spain)................................................................................................. C. tessella Molero, Bach & Gaju, 2013 ��� Urotergite X with at most 5+5 sensory pegs. Known from gypsum caves of Almer��a (SE Spain)............................................................................. C. calaforrai Molero, Barranco, Bach & Gaju, 2013 19. C2 of cerci with at least 5 pegs, some of them inserted at the same level. Paracercus with some lateral blunt pegs and dorsal spiniform spines. Known only from a cave of Denia, Alicante Province (E Spain)................................................................................ C. diania Molero, Bach & Gaju, 2013 ��� C2 of cerci with at most 4 pegs; if 5 or more, all of them inserted in a single row. Paracercus usually without blunt pegs, only with acute spiniform dorsal spines.......................................................... 20 20. Ratio L/W of metatibiae higher than 6........................................................................................... 21 ��� Ratio L/W of metatibiae lower than 6............................................................................................ 22 21. Ratio L/W of paramera about 5. Ratio L/W of protibiae higher than 4. Ratio L/W of mesotibiae about 5. Only known from a cave in Castell��n Province (E Spain).............................................................................................................................................. C. longitibia Molero, Bach & Gaju, 2013 ��� Ratio L/W of paramera about 6. Ratio L/W of protibiae and mesotibiae usually lower than 4. Known from caves in Valencia Province (E Spain)................................. C. capolongoi Wygodzinsky, 1980 22. Metatibiae with only 1 dorsal spine. Species from S Spain............................................................................................................................................................ C. intermedia / C. tinauti / C. calaforrai ��� Metatibiae usually with 2���3 dorsal spines...................................................................................... 23 23. Metatibiae usually with 6 or more ventral spines. Cerci with at most 4 small and subcylindrical pegs. Known from Castell��n Province (E Spain)....................... C. redetecta Molero, Bach & Gaju, 2013 ��� Metatibiae with 4���6 ventral spines. Cerci in most cases with more than 4 large pegs............................................................................................................................. C. capolongoi Wygodzinsky, 1980 24. Ratio L/W of metatibiae about 3.5 (following original description and/or designs)...................... 25 ��� Ratio L/W of metatibiae higher than 3.75 (usually more than 4)................................................... 26 25. Ratio L/W of subgenital plate about 0.5, with the hind margin convex, slightly acute. Brazil....................................................................................................... C. brasiliensis Mendes & Ferreira, 2002 ��� Ratio L/W of subgenital plate higher, with the hind margin more rounded. Bulgaria.................................................................................................................................... C. bulgarica (Kozaroff, 1939) 26. Ovi, Published as part of Molero-Baltan��s, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Fi��er, ��iga, Bach de Roca, Carmen & Mendes, Lu��s F., 2022, Three new species of European Coletinia Wygodzinsky (Zygentoma, Nicoletiidae), with additional records and an updated identification key, pp. 127-161 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 (1) on pages 152-157, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1675, http://zenodo.org/record/6341178, {"references":["Molero-Baltanas R., Gaju-Ricart M. & Bach de Roca C. 1997. Coletinia tinauti n. sp., nueva especie de Nicoletiidae de Andalucia (Insecta, Apterygota, Zygentoma). Zoologica Baetica 8: 95 - 110.","Molero R., Bach C., Sendra A., Montagud S., Barranco P. & Gaju M. 2013. Revision of the genus Coletinia (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae) in the Iberian Peninsula, with descriptions of nine new species. Zootaxa 3615 (1): 1 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3615.1.1","Gilgado J. D. & Ortuno V. M. 2015. Intra- and inter-population polymorphism in Coletinia maggii (Grassi, 1887) (Zygentoma: Nicoletiidae), an inhabitant of soil, mesovoid shallow substratum (MSS) and caves - A challenge for the strict classification of subterranean fauna? Zootaxa 3920 (1): 85 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3920.1.5","Wygodzinsky P. 1980. A survey of the Nicoletiidae of Europe (Nicoletiidae, Thysanura, Insecta). American Museum Novitates 2695: 1 - 24. Available from http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 5428 [accessed 16 Feb. 2022].","Mendes L. F. & Ferreira R. L. 2002. On a new cave-dwelling Nicoletiidae (Zygentoma: Insecta) from Brazil. Garcia de Orta, Serie de Zoologia, Lisboa 24: 101 - 106.","Mendes L. F. 1988. Sur deux nouvelles Nicoletiidae (Zygentoma) cavernicoles de Grece et de Turquie et remarques sur la systematique de la famille. Revue suisse de Zoologie 95 (3): 751 - 772. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / part / 81932 [accessed 16 Feb. 2022].","Silvestri F. 1938. Descrizione di una nuova specie di Nicoletia vivente in una grotta della Francia. Revue francaise d ' Entomologie 5: 188 - 193."]}

Coletinia dalmatica Molero-Baltan��s, Fi��er, Bach de Roca & Gaju-Ricart sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4D966B42-C6F4-4E80-AF36-059A1B8355B9 Figs 2���5 Diagnosis Insect with cylindrical shape, light yellowish turning to brownish in the abdomen, about 10 mm long. Antennae of males symmetrical, with apophyses widened in its subapical region but lacking processes or lamellae; the apical cone bears a glandular seta. Tibiae with 2 dorsal and 4 ventral spines, lacking lateral spine. Urotergite X of the male with 8+6 sensory pegs, 5 of them inserted in the posterolateral lobes. Posterior margin of the urotergite X of the female slightly concave. Disc of the urotergite with 9 thin setae in males and 13 in females. Hind margin of the urosternite VIII of male and of the subgenital plate of female straight. Cerci of males with a series of 4���5 short acute spines. Ovipositor with more than 24 divisions. Coletinia dalmatica Molero-Baltan��s, Fi��er, Bach de Roca & Gaju-Ricart sp. nov. has unique pedicellar apophyses in males. It is relatively close to C. maggi, so it could be included in the ��� maggi ��� group of species, since the apophyses of the males of this new species are symmetrical and lack lamellae or sclerotized processes. However, these apophyses are not subcylindrical but clearly widened in the subapical part and abruptly narrowed in the apex. Other characters such as the shape of the urosternite VIII in males also suggest the close relationship of this new species to C. maggi (at least, to the Italian forms of this taxon). Considering characters of females, the subgenital plate has a straight or truncated posterior margin, while in C. maggi this sclerite is convex posteriorly. The subgenital plate of C. dalmatica is more similar to that of C. jeanneli (Silvestri, 1938) from France, but the disc of the tenth urotergite is apparently devoid of setae in the French species (with about 13 setae in the new Croatian species) and the number of divisions of the ovipositor in C. jeanneli is 23, if we trust the illustration of Silvestri (higher in C. dalmatica, since 24 divisions are observed in the preserved part). Moreover, compared with Iberian species, the Croatian species lacks lateral spines on the metatibiae. Etymology The specific name refers to Dalmatia, the region along the eastern Adriatic coast where this species has been collected. Material examined Holotype CROATIA ��� ♂; Biograd na Moru, Pako��tane, Vrana, Banđenova jama; 43��55���41��� N, 15��34���45��� E; 30 Apr. 2016; Ž. Fi��er leg.; MNCN _ Ent 283558, mounted on slide. Paratypes CROATIA ��� 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; UCO Ref. Z2640, preserved in ethanol ��� 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; MNCN _ Ent 283559, mounted on slide. Description MEASUREMENTS. Body length: 9.4 mm in the holotype and 10.3 mm in the female paratype. Body width: 1.6 mm in the holotype and 1.8 in the female paratype. Antennae broken; maximum length preserved: 5.5 mm. BODY. Pale yellowish; the abdomen yellowish brown, darkening in the posterior part. Head with abundant thin and short setae. Macrochaetae inserted in the lateral parts, around the ���ocular��� (where the tegument is slightly more sclerotized) and near the anterior angles of the frons. Two pairs of macrosetae are inserted in the lateral margins of the frons, 1 pair above them and another pair on the clypeus, near the posterior angles of the frons (see Fig. 2A���B). Antennal scapus bearing 3 macrochaetae in its distal half and 3 apical additional shorter macrochaetae near the limit with the pedicel. Pedicels symmetric, those of the male with a developed apophysis with subcylindrical shape in their base, slightly widened in their apical part but narrowing sharply in its apex forming a cone where a glandular seta is inserted on an apical fovea (Fig. 2C���D). This apex reaches the fifth annulus of the flagellum. The basal part of the apophysis has only sparse small setae, but in the widened subapical area there are two bifid macrochaetae. Four additional longer macrochaetae are inserted in the pedicel. This division of the antenna in the female is simple, with 5 long macrochaetae, almost twice as long as the width of the pedicel. MANDIBLES (Fig. 3A). With two outer small macrochaetae. Galea with two apical cones, lacinia with 4���5 processes and 10���12 setae. Last article of the maxillary palp about 3.9���4.9 times longer than wide, 1.25���1.35 times longer than the penultimate and as long as the antepenultimate (Fig. 3B). Labial palp typical, with several basiconic sensilla (at least 9, 5 of them in the outer side) in the basal half of the last article, apart from the 6 usual papillae (Fig. 3C). PRONOTUM (Fig. 3D). Covered with setae that are about 1/5���1/12 times longer than the notum, their margins with a row of acute setae of different length, interspersed with some macrochaetae that are inserted a short distance from the margin. Most of these macrochaetae are lost; the longest preserved are almost half the length of the pronotum. Setae of the mesonotum and metanotum of similar proportions, absent (as it is usual) on the anterior margin. LEGS. The ratio length/width of the tibiae is: 3.8���4 for protibiae (Fig. 3E), 3.7���4.7 for mesotibiae and 4.8���6 for metatibiae. Metatibiae (Fig. 3F) about 1.6 times longer than protibiae. All tibiae show 2 dorsal spines (a medial one and a distal one, except in one protibia of the holotype where both are inserted distally) and 4 ventral ones (2 subdistal and 2 subbasal). Ventral spines as long as the diameter of the respective tibia or slightly shorter. Lateral spines absent on all the tibiae. ABDOMEN. Urotergites typical, setae covering the disc are about 1/4���1/12 times longer than each tergite and the longest macrochaetae of the posterior margin (those inserted in the infralateral area) are about 0.5���0.6 times longer than the corresponding tergite. Urotergite X of the male (Fig. 4A) with 8+6 sensory pegs, 5 of them inserted in the posterolateral lobes and the remaining in the lateral margins of the tergite (Fig. 4B). The posterior border between these lobes is slightly concave, although a little broken on the slide. Disc of the urotergite with 9 thin setae; apart from these, the lateral and posterior margins of the tergite have two rows of stronger setae (marginal and submarginal). The urotergite X of the female (Fig. 4C) has a slightly concave hind margin; their posterolateral angles bear 1 macrochaetae (about 0.6 times the length of the tergite). The disc of the tergite has 13 thin acute setae. Most of the submarginal setae of the lateral and posterior margin (arranged as in the male, but less dense) are lost and only their insertions are visible. Urosternites without special characters, those with styli (II���VII) with 1 +1 submedian and 1+1 sublateral in the posterior margin, together with 1 +1 discal macrosetae (Fig. 4D). The VIIIth urosternite of the male is broken but the straight shape of the hind margin between the styli is visible (Fig. 4E). MALE GENITALIA. Parameres and penis as in Fig. 4F; parameres subcylindrical, slightly wider in their apical part and about 4.3 times longer than their greatest width and about 0.69 as long as stylus IX (including the apical spine of the stylus). Styli IX about 1.2 as long as styli VIII. FEMALE GENITALIA. In the female, the subgenital plate is trapezoidal, 0.82 as long as wide at the base and the posterior margin is straight, even slightly concave (Fig. 4G); the disc lacks discal macrochaetae. Ovipositor broken; thus, it is difficult to estimate its relative length with the body or the ninth styli; the preserved part has at least 24 divisions. The apex of a gonapophysis IX is shown in Fig. 5A. TERMINAL FILAMENTS. Long, maximum length preserved 9.5 mm of a cercus (9 of a paracercus). Cerci of male (Fig. 5B) with 4���5 short acute slightly pigmented spines (apex not truncated as in usual pegs); the basal division (C1) of the cercus has one of these spines and the second division (C2) has 4 (formula C1 (1[1id]) +C2(1[1id]+ 2[1id] +3[1id] +4[1id]). The shorter spines of the cerci of the female are clearly longer, about 30% longer than in male (Fig. 5C���D); for example, the first spine of the C2 is 9.5 as long as wide in the female and about 7 as long as wide in the male (SrC2 ratio = 0.73). The paracercus of the holotype is lost and only its first division (P1) is preserved, where 2 short acute spines are visible; in the female only one small thin spine is in P1. Habitat Cave Banđenova jama is located within Nature Park Vransko Lake, at a hill above the northern part of the lake Vransko jezero, the largest freshwater lake in Croatia. The cave lies at an altitude of ca 85 m a.s.l. and is ca 5.5 km inland from the Adriatic Sea. The cave���s relatively small entrance, ca 0.8�� 1 m in size, is hidden amidst a maquis shrubland. It is a small cave, 25 m long and 10 m deep. After a vertical drop of about 2.5 m and a narrow passage, the cave opens into a spacious cavity with rocky bottom. The cave is dry, with no permanent water source. Increased concentrations of CO 2 have been detected in the deepest part of the cave; however, this was not observed during our visits (judged from the fact that a candle burned normally at the deepest point in the cave). This short description is based on our own observations as well as adapted from Rađa & Vujčić-Karlo (2004). Coletinia dalmatica sp. nov. was found only at the bottom of the cave, in traps close to a pile of rocks and gravel resembling a small scree. A habitat with similar environmental properties as in this cave scree exists also outside the cave and all around the wider area characterized by the typical Mediterranean maquis shrubland. It is probably best described as a system of interconnected cracks and crevices, a labyrinth of empty air-filled voids of intermediate sizes within rocky fragments, sometimes covered with soil. It is formally known as ���milieu souterrain superficiel��� (MSS) and is one of the many shallow subterranean habitats (SSH) recognized thus far. Its main characteristics resemble the ones in caves, i.e., permanent darkness and buffered microclimatic conditions, and are suitable to support subterranean fauna. Culver & Pipan (2014) as well as Mammola et al. (2016) provide a thorough review of this habitat type. Because some other species of the genus Coletinia were regularly found in MSS and that this cave is probably too small to support a viable population, it seems very likely that C. dalmatica inhabits not just the cave but the surrounding MSS as well, although it has not been found there yet. Based on the almost omnipresence of this habitat type in the wider area, the species true distribution range might be quite extensive, and the current single-site occurrence is a consequence of under-sampling or lack of interest and specialists for this animal group in the Dinaric Karst. Coletinia dalmatica sp. nov. was found only in pitfall traps, but not during the general survey of the cave. It was found in traps at the bottom of the cave, closest to the scree-like pile of rocks and gravel. All four individuals caught were still alive and very active when traps were examined three days after setting them. Besides the silverfish, Collembola Lubbock, 1871, two beetle species of family Cholevidae Kirby, 1837, ground beetle Laemostenus sp., and Psyllipsocus ramburii S��lys-Longchamps, 1872 (Psocoptera) were found in the pitfall traps. During the general survey of the cave, orthopterans Gryllomorpha dalmatina (Ocskay, 1832) and Dolichopoda sp., the isopod Alpioniscus sp., spiders Agelena gracilens Koch, 1841 and Troglohyphantes sp., as well as a pseudoscorpion species and the bat tick Eschatocephalus vespertilionis (Koch, 1844) were observed. The presence of the latter species hints that bats occasionally visit this cave too. Rađa & Vujčić-Karlo (2004) report also the occurrence of Spelaeobates sp., a troglobiontic beetle. Considering this list of taxa, the fauna of this cave appears to comprise mostly non-specialized, troglophilic species, which is not surprising for a small cave with good connections to the surface., Published as part of Molero-Baltan��s, Rafael, Gaju-Ricart, Miquel, Fi��er, ��iga, Bach de Roca, Carmen & Mendes, Lu��s F., 2022, Three new species of European Coletinia Wygodzinsky (Zygentoma, Nicoletiidae), with additional records and an updated identification key, pp. 127-161 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 (1) on pages 131-138, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1675, http://zenodo.org/record/6341178, {"references":["Silvestri F. 1938. Descrizione di una nuova specie di Nicoletia vivente in una grotta della Francia. Revue francaise d ' Entomologie 5: 188 - 193.","Rada T. & Vujcic-Karlo S. 2004. Biospeleoloska istrazivanja na sirem podrucju Parka prirode \" Vransko jezero \". Speleolosko drustvo \" SPILJAR \" - Split.","Culver D. C. & Pipan T. 2014. Shallow Subterranean Habitats: Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation. Oxford University Press, New York, USA. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / acprof: oso / 9780199646173.001.0001","Mammola S., Giachino P. M., Piano E., Jones A., Barberis M., Badino G. & Isaia M. 2016. Ecology and sampling techniques of an understudied subterranean habitat: the Milieu Souterrain Superficiel (MSS). The Science of Nature 103: 88. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00114 - 016 - 1413 - 9"]}