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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Apis mellifera L. presents defensive behavior, in order to protect the colony against intruders, which can make management difficult. The objective was to evaluate the defensive behavior of Apis mellifera Africanized under different times and climatic conditions in the winter of southern Brazil. Ten standard Langstroth colonies were used, the defensiveness test was performed in two treatments: sunny day and cloudy day. The time required for the 1st sting and the number of stings in the chamois, the number of bees that attacked and were trapped in the fabric, and the distance of pursuit to the observer were evaluated. The averages of the observations were statistically analyzed using the Duncan test and Pearson's correlation. The treatments showed a difference (P <0.05) in terms of the chasing distance, in which on cloudy days the observed value was 155.57m and on sunny days 124.77m. The time for the highest concentration of bees trapped in the tissue was from 7:00 am to 10:00 am (97.28 honeybees), which was higher (P <0.05) than the time from 12:00 to 15:00 (41.40 honeybees), and from 3 pm to 5 pm it was similar (P> 0.05) to the other hours. Honeybees are more defensive between 7:00 am and 10:00 am. Thus, it is recommended to avoid carrying out management in the colonies in the early morning in the southern region of Brazil during the winter period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo O presente artigo destaca o profundo vínculo entre abelhas e humanos constituído pela intermediação do mel, o qual é produzido pelas abelhas e consumido pelos humanos. De clássicos a trabalhos recentes da antropologia e da sociologia, são mencionados estudos voltados às abelhas e à apicultura. As abelhas são seres fundamentais para a manutenção da vida, ou seja, “companheiras indispensáveis”, sem as quais não podemos viver. São justamente tais seres fundamentais à vida que, no Antropoceno, vêm sofrendo declínios populacionais. A crise das abelhas surge nesse contexto e, junto a ela, emerge um imaginário distópico conforme o qual a vida humana, no limite, se inviabilizaria sem suas companheiras indispensáveis. É desse modo que a antropologia é desafiada por tais temas emergentes, sendo que o presente artigo procura contribuir para os problemas trazidos pelo Antropoceno que ameaça “companheiros indispensáveis” à vida humana.

Farmed honey is a food and therapeutic product that comes from beekeeping. For this reason, its processing must be carried out in a legalized establishment in order to guarantee food quality and safety. The objective of this research was to analyze the production of farmed honey in the region of the "lavrado" in the Brazilian Amazon. Beekeepers were selected using the chain recruitment technique and the data collection instrument was the use of forms. Among the respondents, 37% process and sell farmed honey illegally. Beekeeping in Roraima has proved itself to be a productive activity, but the correct management of honey and application of current legislation affect the recognition of the product at the national level. The illegal sale of honey persists, both due to lack of supervision by government agencies, and due to the distance to the official honey processing centers. This situation harms the health of consumers, in addition to affecting the integrity of the demographic census conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo do presente artigo foi avaliar se a própolis comercial é eficiente em inibir o crescimento bacteriano in vitro das bactérias Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella Typhimurium, sendo que o delineamento experimental constituído por esquema fatorial foi de 2 (dias) x 2 (bactérias) x 4 (marcas de própolis comerciais) x 8 (distribuição das própolis comerciais nas placas). Com os resultados demostrou-se ausência de halo de inibição em todas as placas de petri avaliadas das quatro marcas comerciais de própolis. Concluindo-se que, para a metodologia a qual foi aplicada o resultado do experimento apresentou-se insatisfatório. Contudo, diversos outros autores encontraram potencial antimicrobiano sendo que a grande maioria utilizou a própolis bruta em distintas concentrações, logo é essencial realizar mais estudos aprofundados além disso, a referida temática possui grande relevância perante o risco iminente diante de uma resistência antimicrobiana.

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fipronil is an insecticide and acaricide widely used in agriculture and domestic animals worldwide. Ecotoxicology studies have shown that, even at the low concentrations used on target species, fipronil and its degradation products have a significant impact on non-target species, either by direct toxicity or indirect effects affecting the food chain. The negative effects of fipronil on non-target species of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates and indirect effects on food chains have led to its use being banned or severely restricted in numerous countries, including all of the European Union, China, and the United States. Some of the species highly susceptible to fipronil are of great economic and ecological importance, including crayfish, brown shrimp, and bees. In particular, the impact on decimating bee hives worldwide is an example of fipronil´s undesirable effects on agriculture. Other species affected by fipronil -for which there are few studies- are biological predators of the same pests controlled by fipronil. Considering all the impacts on non-target species, the commercialization and indiscriminate use of fipronil in agriculture seem irresponsible. In Colombia, as of September 2021 and pressed by local beekeepers, the Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA) prohibited its use on avocado, coffee, citrus, and passiflower plantations. However, as long as its use is not prohibited in all agricultural applications, farmers could divert its use and continue using it in any other type of plantation. This paper describes the impact of fipronil on some of the beneficial invertebrate species of outmost economic and ecological importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nosemosis is an important bee disease that is caused by microsporidia fungi of the Nosema genus, whose main etiological agents are Nosema apis and N. ceranae, both of which are found worldwide. In Brazil, the disease has been reported in several states but little is known about its occurrence and distribution in Bahia. This study identified the occurrence and distribution of nosemosis and its agents, N. apis and N. ceranae, in Apis mellifera L. bees collected from apiaries in the state of Bahia, Brazil. A total of 154 bee samples were collected and analyzed from 20 apiaries in six regions of the state. The hives sampled were evaluated for signs of the disease from December 2015 to July 2018. Molecular diagnosis was made using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No signs of nosemosis were observed in the sampled apiaries, but from 154 samples analyzed via PCR, 96 were infected with N. ceranae. This pathogen was reported in samples from all six regions evaluated, and its occurrence in important apiculture regions of Bahia State is discussed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

speciesLink is a large-scale biodiversity information portal that exists thanks to a broad collaborative network of people and institutions. CRIA's involvement with the scientific community of Brazil and other countries is responsible for the significant results achieved, currently reaching more than 15 million primary biodiversity data records, 95% of which are associated with preserved specimens and about 25% with high-quality digital images. The network provides data on over 200,000 species, of which over 110,000 occur in Brazil. This article describes thematic networks within speciesLink, as well as some of the most useful tools developed. The importance and contributions of speciesLink are outlined, as are concerns about securing stable budgetary support for such biodiversity data e-infrastructures. Here we review the value of speciesLink as a major source of biodiversity information for research, education, informed decision-making, policy development, and bioeconomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bio-grafía. Escritos Sobre la Biología y su Enseñanza is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As abelhas são seres vivos de elevada importância para a manutenção do ecossistema em que nós, seres humanos, estamos inseridos. Através deste estudo são levantadas questões que envolvem o uso do fipronil, princípio ativo de diversos agroquímicos, que são aliados à crescente demanda da agricultura. O fipronil é um inseticida sistêmico letal aos insetos causando hiperexcitação neural, e vem sendo apontado como um dos responsáveis por quase meio bilhão de mortes de abelhas entre o fim do ano de 2018 e início de 2019, principalmente na região sul do Brasil devido ao seu uso incorreto por meio de pulverização aérea ou em época de floração, e aos impactos ambientais causados na fauna e flora onde estes agroquímicos são pulverizados, além do risco a saúde de quem os manuseia e da população que reside próxima as lavouras. A partir dos dados obtidos, utilizando como metodologia o Arco de Maguerez, foi possível observar que existem problemas relacionados ao uso de defensivos agrícolas nas lavouras brasileiras que influenciou nas mortes das abelhas, sugerindo ações que possam ser aplicadas visando minimizar os danos e instruir quanto ao uso correto e o manuseio de produtos químicos destinados a agricultura.

Introdução e objetivos: Pouco sabemos acerca da biologia da polinização de espécies arbóreas tropicais com sistema de polinização por diversos insetos (DI). Estudamos a biologia floral, o sistema reprodutivo e os visitantes florais de Cupania oblongifolia. M&M: Experimentos e observações foram feitos em uma área de Mata Atlântica. Resultados: As flores são pequenas e esverdeadas e secretam pouco néctar. A espécie é díclina-monóica, mas a antese das flores femininas e masculinas é separada temporalmente nas inflorescências, com pouca ou sem sobreposição (i.e., dicogamia sincronizada). A produção de frutos não diferiu após polinização cruzada, autopolinização e condições naturais, indicando não haver autoincompatibilidade nem limitação polínica. A espécie foi visitada por 87 espécies de Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera e Coleoptera. Flores masculinas foram mais visitadas e 20 espécies visitaram os dois morfos florais. A maioria dos visitantes florais foi rara e cerca de 80% das visitas foram de Hymenoptera, em particular abelhas sem ferrão. Duas espécies de Scaptotrigona foram eudominantes. Conclusões: O fenótipo floral se encaixa na descrição do sistema DI. Muitos insetos foram registrados, mas abelhas sem ferrão predominaram. Meliponini constitui o grupo antófilo mais abundante nas florestas neotropicais, portanto, sistemas de polinização associados a elas são esperados. A partir de nossos resultados se pode projetar que parte das espécies classificadas como DI com base no fenótipo floral e riqueza de visitantes podem estar fortemente associadas a um grupo específico de polinizadores, o que denotaria um menor grau de generalização.

Abelhas são insetos extremamente importantes para a manutenção da vida no planeta, e oferecem inúmeras possibilidades didáticas no Ensino de Ciências. Ao levar em conta a importância ecológica e educacional desta temática, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar como o conteúdo relacionado às abelhas vem sendo abordado em livros didáticos da disciplina de Ciências do Ensino Fundamental II, disponíveis online , no âmbito do Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD 2020). A metodologia caracteriza se como uma pesquisa qualitativa que apresenta elementos da pesquisa descritiva documental. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de extratos textuais e imagens de livros didáticos selecionados, submetidos à análise de conteúdo e avaliados com critérios estabelecidos previamente. Após análise dos dados, observamos que a temática foi pouco explorada pelos livros. Quando exploradas, uma relação utilitarista e antropocêntrica foi predominante. Aspectos medicinais dos produtos apícolas, culturais e históricos sequer foram mencionados. Em sí ntese, vários aspectos ambientais e funções ecológicas importantes deixaram de ser apresentadas nos livros didáticos avaliados, o que pode trazer prejuízos à aprendizagem, especialmente em que pese o desenvolvimento da Educação Ambiental e da aprendizagem no Ensino de Ciências.

In worldwide there are reports of a significant decrease in colonies of the species Apis mellifera, caused by several factors, including viral infections. In order to study and diagnose illnesses caused by viruses, in vitro cell culture is used as a valuable tool. Yet, there are still no immortalized cell lines of honey bee Apis mellifera. Primary cell cultures are promising for this purpose and can supply the lack of continuous strains, but their establishment is difficult and laborious, which often makes them unfeasible for many research centers. Through the use of cell immortalization techniques, it is possible to develop continuous cell lines and thus benefit, in different ways, research related to different species of bees. The choice of technique is challenging, since in addition to the ability to remain viable for countless passages, cells must keep the genotype and phenotype similar or identical to the original tissue. This review intends to present methodologies that can be used to immortalize Apis mellifera cells, aiming to establish a cell line. The genotypic and phenotypic implications of each technique are evaluated, and the purpose of the cell line to be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanitas: Revista de Estudos Greco-Latinas is the property of Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O café é uma planta perene e de regiões quentes, principalmente dos trópicos. Seu fruto é uma importante commodity no mercado mundial de produtos agrícolas, sendo o segundo maior gerador de riquezas do planeta, perdendo apenas para o petróleo. As espécies Coffea arabica e Coffea canephora são as de maior interesse econômico. A presença de polinizadores, como as abelhas, garante uma maior produtividade e qualidade dos grãos, atendendo assim a demanda do mercado. A abelha Apis mellifera é apontada como o polinizador de maior importância agrícola no mundo por ser uma espécie generalista, essa mesma espécie foi a mais frequente nas observações realizadas em plantações de café. Assim, tendo em vista estes aspectos, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo reunir dados referentes à cultura do café e sua produtividade no Brasil.

A criação de abelhas sem ferrão tem crescido em popularidade no Brasil. Muitas dessas abelhas são manejadas em colmeias racionais, o que facilita sua criação e manejo em larga escala e, consequentemente, sua comercialização e seu transporte em nível nacional. Como são organismos com área de distribuição natural restrita a determinados ambientes, recentes normativas e leis federais ou estaduais têm sido sancionadas para disciplinar a criação, o manejo, o comércio e o transporte dessas abelhas dentro e fora dos estados brasileiros. Contudo, essas iniciativas governamentais são vistas como entraves especialmente quanto à necessidade de se criar somente espécies nativas da região e ao número de colmeias permitidas sem necessidade de regularização ambiental. Na presente revisão é apresentada (i) a diversidade abelhas sem ferrão no Brasil, (ii) a quantidade de espécies por estado e a proporção de gêneros por região, (iii) os principais aspectos legais dispondo sobre a meliponicultura e (iv) como a carência de dados oficiais e a baixa adesão à regularização ambiental dos meliponicultores limitam a proposição de políticas públicas para alavancar e promover a sustentabilidade do setor.

Objetivou-se por meio do estudo avaliar o comportamento de coleta de abelhas africanizadas em flores de árvores de Nim no município de Picos, Piauí, Brasil. Para tanto, no período de fevereiro a dezembro de 2016, durante três dias consecutivos de cada mês, foi realizada uma avaliação da atividade de coleta das abelhas em 10 árvores de Nim em florescimento. Essa avaliação foi realizada anotando-se das 7 às 13h, a cada 2 horas, durante 5 minutos, em cada árvore: i. o número de abelhas africanizadas visitantes, ii. o (os) recurso(s) coletado(s), iii. a presença de outros visitantes e iv. os aspectos da biologia floral (antese, receptividade do estigma e odor). Como resultados, constatou-se que as árvores de Nim, nas condições climáticas do município de Picos, florescem e frutificam o ano todo. Essa árvore apresenta artifícios para atrair seus visitantes florais, como a liberação de odor intenso e a disponibilidade de pólen abundante durante o período de observação. Durante o período chuvoso na região, o número de abelhas visitantes (36) foi muito inferior ao período seco (282). Esses insetos permaneceram visitando as flores de Nim durante o período avaliado, com pico de visitação logo no primeiro horário de observação (7 às 8h), sendo o pólen o principal recurso coletado. Concluiu-se que as abelhas africanizadas visitam as flores de Nim para a coleta de recursos florais (pólen), que podem compor a dieta das colônias principalmente durante o período de escassez de flores no campo.

The pollination syndrome hypothesis usually does not successfully apply to the diversity of floral phenotypes or help predict the pollinators of most plant species. In Bromeliaceae, there is a wide range of floral visitors, making its species ideal to test for a correlation between nectar and floral traits with pollination syndrome. In this study, we analyzed the floral features, nectar production patterns, pollinators and floral visitors of Vriesea gigantea, and discussed its potential adaptive and ecological significance. We study three natural populations from the Atlantic Forest, Southern Brazil. The species presented protogyny and herkogamy, and its anthesis occurred at different periods among different populations. Vriesea gigantea has a relatively constant rate of nectar production during the day that continues overnight but at a reduced rate. Newly opened flowers already have around 80.0 μl of nectar. Although classified as chiropterophilous, based on flower morphology and pollinator observations, our results show that hummingbirds are effective pollinators in the studied populations of V. gigantea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Na qualidade de principal agente polinizador, as abelhas são essenciais à produção de alimentos para o ser humano e para manutenção dos ecossistemas. Entre as culturas agrícolas utilizadas para o consumo humano, 75% dependem de polinização. Alinhando-se a uma preocupação atual com a sobrevivência das abelhas, este artigo visa identificar padrões de colônias de Apis mellifera a fim de auxiliar o apicultor no manejo e na manutenção de suas colmeias. Nosso método consistiu na aplicação de uma técnica de clusterização em dois datasets reais de colmeias em clima temperado com dados de temperatura, umidade e massa. Foram utilizados três datasets do portal HiveTool.net; dois deles divididos em período frio (outono e inverno) e período quente (primavera e verão) e o terceiro, para efeito comparativo, dividido em períodos mesclando estações frias e quentes: inverno e primavera, e verão e outono. A partir da aplicação do índice Calinski-Harabasz e do algoritmo K-means, identificamos padrões coerentes e associados às transições entre as estações do ano. Além disso, pudemos concluir que a colônia mais forte é mais eficiente ao tentar manter o microclima da colmeia durante o inverno.

Rapid land-use/land cover changes (LULCC) have led to habitat loss and fragmentation in the natural forest areas, which are mainly due to the intense and rapid expansion of urban areas and intense agricultural management. These processes are strongly threatening biodiversity maintenance and the ecosystem services provided by them. Among the ecosystem services under threat, pollination has been widely studied since this service is essential to promote food production and, therefore, human well-being. In a scenario of increasing LULCC it is crucial to understand the interplay between these changes, pollination demand by insect-dependent crops and pollinator availability to ensure these ecosystem services meet the increased demand for food production. In this study, we developed a conceptual model to disentangle the relationships between human-nature, especially LULCC, and its consequences, to the delivery of pollination service. We also presented a case study in the Brazilian São Paulo state, where we modeled the effects of predicted LULCC associated to agriculture expansion between the years 2012 and 2030 on pollinator demand by crops and pollinator supply, for fourteen economically important crops. Additionally, we systematized an expert-based Ecosystem Service matrix to estimate the influences of LULCC on the provision of pollination. Our results showed that by 2030, the demand for pollination will increase by 40% on average, while pollinator supply, estimated using suitability values for the different land-use/cover classes, will show, on average, a 3% decrease. Our results highlight the importance of considering the dialogue among stakeholders, governments, institutions, and scientists to find alternatives and strategies to promote pollinator-friendly practices and safeguard the provision of pollination services in a future under LULCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to compare the time of the knockdown effect between the pesticides prallethrin and dichlorvos on Africanized Honey bees (AHB). Method: this is an experimental study. The effect of these two pesticides over time was evaluated based on a life table methodology. The probability of survival between the two groups was compared based on the Mantel-Cox test. Results: it was observed that within 40 seconds the estimated probability of survival (no knockdown) was approximately 20% for prallethrin and 70% for dichlorvos. Estimated probability of survival (no knockdown) for prallethrin was lower in comparison to dichlorvos up to approximately 90 seconds. After that, the estimated survival for both pesticides became closer and stable. After 300 seconds almost all AHB were eliminated by both pesticides. Prallethrin showed better effect to control AHB when compared to dichlorvos. Conclusion: based on the results and considering that prallethrin presents lower toxicity to humans and to the environment it can be a safer alternative rather than dichlorvos to control AHB in urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bumblebees are one of the most important pollinators for plants consumed by humans. Currently, there is a significant risk of extinction for several pollinators, including bumblebees. One of the most likely causes is the toxic effect of pesticides. The mutagenic effect of pesticides on the DNA of bumblebees has not been studied. The aim of this work was to study the genotoxicity of pesticides for DNA in Bombus terrestris heads. The authors found that if added to bumblebees' isolated mitochondria, mitochondrial-directed pesticides caused less damage than broad-spectrum pesticides. The greatest amount of mtDNA damage was caused by adding Malathion and Difenoconazole to isolated mitochondria. Moreover, insects that consumed syrup with pesticides displayed more damage to the head than when the pesticide was added to isolated mitochondria. Malathion and Cypermethrin demonstrated significant genotoxic effects in vivo. Difenoconazole caused severe damage to mtDNA, while Deltamethrin did not have any genotoxic effect. Among mitochondria-targeted pesticides, Fenazaquin and Pyridaben demonstrated the highest genotoxicity. Chlorfenapyr, Hydramethylnone, and Tolfenpyrad did not show mtDNA genotoxicity. An increase in the number of copies of mtDNA was observed in insects that consumed sugar syrup with Deltamethrin and Tolfenpyrad. This increase is probably a compensatory effect in response to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. This study found that, in general, broad-spectrum pesticides (Difenoconazole, Deltamethrin, Esfenvalerate, Malathion, and Cypermethrin) demonstrate greater mtDNA genotoxicity in bumblebees' heads compared with mitochondria-targeted pesticides (Fenazaquin, Chlorfenapyr, Hydramethylnon, Pyridaben, and Tolfenpyrad). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de avaliar o potencial de abelhas na veiculação de estruturas parasitarias e bacterianas em locais públicos dos Municípios de Vassouras e de Volta Redonda, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Espécimes foram coletados no Campus e em feiras livres. As análises foram realizadas no período de outubro de 2011 a março de 2012 no laboratório de Parasitologia e Microbiologia da Universidade Severino Sombra. Foram coletados 36 exemplares na cantina da Universidade Severino Sombra e 58 exemplares no Município de Volta Redonda. Não foram encontradas estruturas parasitárias nos insetos analisados, porém, foram identificados micro-organismos não patogênicos do gênero Bacillus.

Copyright of Rónai - Revista de Estudos Classicos e Tradutorios is the property of Ronai - Revista de Estudos Classicos e Tradutorios and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ceramica is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Ceramica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A polinização é um processo essencial para a perpetuação da vida vegetal no planeta. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram conhecer as espécies visitadas por abelhas próximas ao cultivo de acerolas (Malpighia emarginata D.C.) no Distrito de Irrigação dos Tabuleiros Litorâneos do Piauí­ no municí­pio de Parnaí­ba - PI, bem como registrar o tipo de recurso disponí­vel as abelhas. As visitas ao campo foram quinzenais, no inicio da manhã e final da tarde percorrendo as áreas através de caminhadas assistemáticas. Foram identificadas 35 espécies de plantas visitadas por abelhas, distribuí­das em 20 famí­lias. As mais representativas foram Fabaceae (oito espécies) e Poaceae (três). Os recursos florais coletados foram pólen (54%), néctar (29%), pólen/néctar (11%), resinas (3%) e óleos (3%). Dessa forma, conhecer a flora melitófila do entorno do cultivo das aceroleiras, proporcionará meios para tomada de decisões e futura recuperação das áreas degradadas na região do DITALPI.

ABSTRACT This study investigates the flowering and pollinators of the floral morphs of three co-occurring distylous species, Psychotria conjugens Müll, P. hastisepala Müll. Arg. and P. sessilis Vell., in two consecutive flowering seasons in an Atlantic Forest fragment in southeastern Brazil. The species have diurnal, cream-colored, tubular, nectariferous flowers and their flowering occurs in the rainy season, from September to April, with little or no overlapping between species, characterizing a staggered flowering. The flowering of the long-and short-styled floral morphs of each species was synchronous, but the number of open flowers per day per morph tended to vary in each flowering season. These numbers were higher in P. sessilis and P. conjugens and, probably, resulted in higher total numbers of visits on its flowers (up to 1084 visits in P. sessilis and 756 in P. conjugens), compared to that observed in P. hastisepala (up to 71). There was a higher frequency of visits to long-styled flowers of all species. The bee Ariphanarthra palpalis was a common pollinator to all species. This bee is native to Brazil, solitary, considered relatively rare and its host plants were unknown. Other native bees (Melipona spp.) also visited the flowers of the Psychotria species. The availability of flowers with similar floral features over eight months, the staggered flowering and common pollinators appear to be part of a strategy to attract floral visitors, minimizing the competition for pollinators and then favoring the legitimate pollination of these plants.

Um fator indispensável na manutenção da produtividade agrícola é a polinização. Entre os vários agentes polinizadores, os insetos são considerados os principais agentes atuantes na polinização da maioria das culturas. O trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a estratégia reprodutiva de Cucurbita moschata Poir (Cucurbitaceae) a partir da análise dos métodos de polinização utilizados pela planta e do registro da diversidade e comportamento dos visitantes florais. Para avaliar a eficiência dos polinizadores, 10 flores de C. moschata foram etiquetadas para verificar a formação de frutos em condições naturais. Outras 10 flores foram envolvidas em sacos impermeáveis para impedir o contato com os insetos visitantes. Os insetos foram coletados diretamente nas flores, das 7:00 h às 11:15 h, durante 15 minutos de cada hora, anotando-se os valores de temperatura, luminosidade, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento. O sucesso reprodutivo de C. moschata depende de polinizadores, uma vez que o isolamento reprodutivo das flores não permitiu a formação de fruto. A ordem mais abundante foi Diptera, seguida por Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera e Lepidoptera. Os polinizadores efetivos de C. moschata foram representados por espécies de abelhas de porte corporal grande: Apis mellifera Linnaeus, Centris sp., Oxaea flavescens Klug e Bombus sp. Essas espécies visitaram as flores para coletar néctar e pólen. Os fatores abióticos tiveram pouca influencia nas atividades de forrageio dos visitantes florais. Reproductive Strategy of Cucurbita moschata Poir (Cucurbitaceae) and Foraging Activities of their Floral Visitors Abstract. An essential factor in maintaining agricultural productivity is pollination. Among the various pollinators, the insects are considered the main active agents in pollination of most cultures. The work aimed to understand the reproductive strategy of Cucurbita moschata Poir (Cucurbitaceae) through analysis of the pollination methods used by the plant and the record of the diversity and behavior of floral visitors. To assess the efficiency of pollinators, 10 flowers of C. moschata were labeled to check the formation of fruit under natural conditions. Other 10 flowers were wrapped in waterproof bags to prevent contact with visiting insects. The insects were collected directly in the flowers, from 07:00 to 11:15 am, during 15 minutes of every hour, recording the values of temperature, luminosity, relative humidity and wind speed. The reproductive success of C. moschata depends on pollinators, since the reproductive isolation of the flowers did not allow the formation of fruit. The most abundant order was Diptera, followed by Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera. The effective pollinators of C. moschata were represented by species of bees of large body size: Apis mellifera Linnaeus, Centris sp., Oxaea flavescens Klug and Bombus sp. These species visited the flowers to collect nectar and pollen. The abiotic factors had little influence on foraging activities of floral visitors.

A existência de polinizadores capazes de promover a xenogamia é um fator decisivo na produtividade dos pomares. Por ser alógama, devido à autoincompatibilidade gametofítica, a maioria das cultivares europeias de pereiras não produzem frutos com sementes sem a presença de insetos polinizadores. Portanto, o correto manejo e a qualidade das colmeias de Apis mellifera instaladas nos pomares são imprescindíveis para assegurar produções economicamente viáveis. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar alguns aspectos do sistema de polinização dirigida com A. mellifera que podem interferir decisivamente na eficiência da polinização em um pomar comercial de pereira portuguesa nas condições ecológicas do planalto serrano catarinense, no Sul do Brasil. Foi observada uma baixa visitação de abelhas nas flores de pereira, possivelmente devido a dois fatores: competição floral e densidade insuficiente de colmeias instaladas no pomar. Não foi observada a deposição de pólen nos estigmas, o que confirma a deficiência de polinização na área. A qualidade das colmeias alugadas apresentou diferenças entre os anos, com presença do ácaro Varroa destructor e do microsporídeo Nosema ceranae, os quais podem ter contribuído para o despovoamento das colmeias durante o período de floração e, consequentemente, redução da deposição de pólen no estigma das flores da cultivar produtora de frutos.

Data provided by the Ministry of Health through the System of Notification of Injuries, occurred from 1975 to 2015 1,180,844 human accidents involving snakes and the same value for spiders, 521,977 scorpions and 79,580 bees. The objective of this work was to present a bibliographical review on the main types of accidents with venomous animals in Brazil, as well as the signs and symptoms caused. A bibliographic survey was carried out through the SciELO, Lilacs, PubMed and VHL databases, using as main keywords: "venomous animals", "accidents with venomous animals", "accidents with snakes", "accidents with scorpions", "Accidents with spiders" and "accidents with bees". We analyzed 22 articles in Portuguese and 1 in English. It was concluded that these accidents have great epidemiological importance, because of the risk of causing serious reactions and even death. It was also observed that these accidents are underreported in Brazil, making it necessary to encourage research in this area, so that there is a greater supply of information to the population and health professionals regarding the frequency of these events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vertical distribution of pollinators is an important component in the foraging pattern of plants strata, and it influences the reproductive system (pollen/ovule ratio) and seed/ovule ratio. Niches in two different strata from Adesmia tristis Vogel were evaluated in these aspects. This plant is an endemic shrub from the Campos de Cima da Serra in Southern Brazil. The studies were carried out from January 2010, to January 2011, at Pró-Mata/PUCRS (Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul) (29°27′-29°35′S and 50°08′-50°15′W), São Francisco de Paula, sate of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Breeding system of A. tristis is mandatory allogamy. The vertical profile in A. tristis has differentiated foraging niches among the most common pollinators. Bees of Megachile genus forage in the upper stratum, and representative bees of the Andrenidae family explore the lower stratum. The upper stratum of the vertical profile had more contribution to seed production. Adesmia tristis showed evidence of pollination deficit.

Apitoxin is the venom produced by bees. It is a complex chemical compound, rich in protein substances and with pharmacological effects. This study was carried out with the objective of comparing the quality of apitoxin extracted in an apiary in different parts of the collector in relation to moisture content, protein analysis and cytotoxicity assay with Artemia salina L. Type 1 apitoxin was collected from glass slabs at the entrance to the hive, while type 2 apitoxin was collected from the waste accumulated in the collection rods and treated by rinsing in distilled water. Both apitoxins presented significant differences (P>0.05) in relation to protein profile, with type 1 showing a higher content (77.8%) than type 2 (51.9%), and presented polypeptide bands with more than 50% of their nitrogenous components having molecular weight below 10KDa. Regarding cytotoxicity assays, type 1 apitoxin had LD50 of 71.5μg mL-1, while type 2 had LD50 of 191.6μg mL-1. Thus, the region where apitoxin accumulates in the collector does influence the product quality if moisture and protein contents are in accordance with the standards recommended in specific legislation, and so it can be commercialized by the beekeeper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to describe the epidemiological aspects of African bee sting accidents and the clinical management of these events. Method: this is an exploratory, retrospective and mixed-type study, covering the period from 2003 to 2014. Data collection was performed in January 2015 in DATASUS, including all Brazilian states, and in Bireme and PubMed databases. Results: africanized bees have a facility to adapt and survive, thus spreading in new places that facilitate with accidental contact with man in both urban and rural environments. The cases in the country increase annually and are distributed in all states of the federation with greater incidence in. And Pernambuco. The clinical manifestations are associated with the number of bites and the immunological characteristics of the individual, which can range from local and regional to systemic manifestations of different levels of severity. To date, the treatment is based on measures of clinical support and use of antihistamines, adrenaline and glucorticoids, but Brazilian researchers have developed the specific serum against the poison of Africanized bees. Conclusion: while the commercialization of serum is not carried out, preventive measures should be implemented and disseminated among health professionals and the population in general, so that the early search for care occurs and that clinical support measures are carried out adequately and effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A gynandromorph specimen of Eulaema atleticana Nemésio, the first registered in Eulaema, is described. The E. atleticana gynandromorph was captured using an eucalyptol scent trap, in the Mata do Buraquinho Reserve, an Atlantic Forest fragment. The study site has 550 ha and is located in the urban area of the Municipality of João Pessoa, State of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. The specimen presents antero-posterior and bilateral asymmetry. The head presents only male morphological characteristics. The mesosoma is composed by male and female structures, with male fore and middle legs. The right hind tibia shows a mosaic of male and female characters, with rudiments of the tibial organ and a corbicula. The metasoma presents only female characters. Gynandromorfia em Eulaema atleticana Nemésio (Apidae, Euglossini) Resumo. É descrito um espécime ginandromorfo de Eulaema atleticana Nemésio. O primeiro registrado em Eulaema. O espécime foi coletado em armadilha de cheiro, na reserva da Mata do Buraquinho, um fragmento de Mata Atlântica, localizado no perímetro urbano da cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Nordeste, Brasil. O espécime apresenta assimetria bilateral e anteroposterior. A cabeça possui apenas caracteres de macho. O mesossoma é composto por caracteres de macho e fêmea, com as pernas anteriores e medianas apresentando caracteres de macho. Nas pernas posteriores, a tíbia direita apresenta um mosaico de caracteres masculinos e femininos com rudimentos do órgão tibial e da corbícula. Todas as características do metassoma são de fêmea.