10,643 results on '"acridine orange"'
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2. Supplementary Material.
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CYTOTOXIC T cells ,T cells ,ACRIDINE orange ,MISSING data (Statistics) ,GENETIC translation ,GRANZYMES ,PERFORINS - Abstract
The "Supplementary Material" from Frontiers in Immunology delves into the regulation of cell asymmetry and function in human CD8+ T lymphocytes through cytosolic protein translation. The document includes figures and tables displaying experiments on cell viability, protein translation, mitochondrial staining, and effector function analysis. Statistical analyses using linear mixed models are utilized to analyze data from Seahorse experiments, comparing control groups with various treatments and conditions to reveal significant differences in cellular values. The data sheds light on the effects of interventions on cellular functions. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
3. Investigation of optimal sperm storage conditions for short-term storage.
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Özcan, Aykut, Tulay, Pınar, and İrez, Tülay
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DENSITY gradient centrifugation , *SEMEN analysis , *REPRODUCTIVE technology , *ACRIDINE orange , *PROPIDIUM iodide , *CENTRIFUGATION - Abstract
Objective The quality of sperm cells is important role in the success rates of assisted reproduction technology (ART) treatments. The quality of the sperm cells shows variations depending on the temperature of short-term semen storage as well as the methods of semen preparation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the sperm viability, motility and DNA fragmentation following different sperm preparation methods and short-term storage conditions, respectively. Materials and Methods A total of 25 semen samples were evaluated. In the first part of this study, different incubation temperatures were investigated in two groups, in such the first group involved the semen samples and the second group involved the sperm cells separated by density gradient centrifugation method, respectively. The samples in each group were incubated at 4°C, room temperature (21°C) and 37°C for 24 hours, respectively. The sperm cell qualities were evaluated by mobility analysis, DNA fragmentation by acridine orange staining and sperm cell viability by propidium iodide staining. Results and Discussion The analysis outcome demonstrated that the mobility, DNA fragmentation and viability of the sperm cells were statistically different when incubated at RT (21°C) in both groups. Furthermore, samples prepared by the density gradient centrifugation method were shown to have better quality. The optimum short-term storage temperature was detected to be the room temperature. Conclusion The conclusion of this investigation is crucial to assess storage conditions in ART clinics. This study provides essential data for short-term sperm storage and preparation methods to improve the success rates of ART clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated fech Knockout Zebrafish: Unraveling the Pathogenesis of Erythropoietic Protoporphyria and Facilitating Drug Screening.
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Wijerathna, Hitihami M. S. M., Shanaka, Kateepe A. S. N., Raguvaran, Sarithaa S., Jayamali, Bulumulle P. M. V., Kim, Seok-Hyung, Kim, Myoung-Jin, Jung, Sumi, and Lee, Jehee
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CRISPRS , *REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , *ERYTHROPOIETIC protoporphyria , *ACRIDINE orange , *URSODEOXYCHOLIC acid , *BILE - Abstract
Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP1) results in painful photosensitivity and severe liver damage in humans due to the accumulation of fluorescent protoporphyrin IX (PPIX). While zebrafish (Danio rerio) models for porphyria exist, the utility of ferrochelatase (fech) knockout zebrafish, which exhibit EPP, for therapeutic screening and biological studies remains unexplored. This study investigated the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated fech-knockout zebrafish larvae as a model of EPP1 for drug screening. CRISPR/Cas9 was employed to generate fech-knockout zebrafish larvae exhibiting morphological defects without lethality prior to 9 days post-fertilization (dpf). To assess the suitability of this model for drug screening, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a common treatment for cholestatic liver disease, was employed. This treatment significantly reduced PPIX fluorescence and enhanced bile-secretion-related gene expression (abcb11a and abcc2), indicating the release of PPIX. Acridine orange staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of the bax/bcl2 ratio revealed apoptosis in fech−/− larvae, and this was reduced by UDCA treatment, indicating suppression of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Neutral red and Sudan black staining revealed increased macrophage and neutrophil production, potentially in response to PPIX-induced cell damage. UDCA treatment effectively reduced macrophage and neutrophil production, suggesting its potential to alleviate cell damage and liver injury in EPP1. In conclusion, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated fech−/− zebrafish larvae represent a promising model for screening drugs against EPP1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Facile one step microwave-assisted bioextract-mediated green synthesis of ZnO NPs and subsequent investigation of their antibacterial and photocatalytic activity.
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Ahmad, Waseem, Ahmed, Sarfaraz, Kumar, Sanjay, and Joshi, Harish Chandra
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The present investigation reports the environmentally benign, cost-effective approach to the fabrication of valuable ZnO NPs. In this green synthesis approach, the isolated extract of the lichen (permelia perleta) plays a pivotal role. A prominent absorption peak is displayed at 320 nm in the recorded UV spectra of the created nanomaterials. XRD analysis of the fabricated nanostructure expressed that the particle size was esteemed to be 30 nm. The SEM micrograph of the developed nanostructure depicted that most of them have spherical shape. Photocatalytic investigation result demonstrates that newly developed nanostructure photocatalyst removes both dye from the water sample effectively under UV light (310 nm) irradiation. The developed ZnO NPs removed acridine orange and eriochrome black-T with the efficiency of 87.8 and 82.3%, respectively, in 90 min of UV (310 nm) irradiation. Furthermore, the newly created nanostructure shows a significant antibacterial activity against tested microorganism. The highest antibacterial potential was exhibited against the E.coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Mg2+ limitation leads to a decrease in chlorophyll, resulting in an unbalanced photosynthetic apparatus in the cyanobacterium Synechocytis sp. PCC6803.
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Pohland, Anne-Christin, Bernát, Gábor, Geimer, Stefan, and Schneider, Dirk
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Mg
2+ , the most abundant divalent cation in living cells, plays a pivotal role in numerous enzymatic reactions and is of particular importance for organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis. Its significance extends beyond serving as the central ion of the chlorophyll molecule, as it also acts as a counterion during the light reaction to balance the proton gradient across the thylakoid membranes. In this study, we investigated the effects of Mg2+ limitation on the physiology of the well-known model microorganism Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Our findings reveal that Mg2+ deficiency triggers both morphological and functional changes. As seen in other oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, Mg2+ deficiency led to a decrease in cellular chlorophyll concentration. Moreover, the PSI-to-PSII ratio decreased, impacting the photosynthetic efficiency of the cell. In line with this, Mg2+ deficiency led to a change in the proton gradient built up across the thylakoid membrane upon illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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7. Practical Characterization Strategies for Comparison, Qualification, and Selection of Cell Viability Detection Methods for Cellular Therapeutic Product Development and Manufacturing.
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Huang, Yongyang, Watkins, Rachel, Patel, Samir, Pierce, Mackenzie, Franco Nitta, Carolina, Qazi, Henry, Rice, William L., Lin, Bo, Lowe, Chris, le Sage, Carlos, and Chan, Leo Li-Ying
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FUNCTIONAL genomics , *STAINS & staining (Microscopy) , *ACRIDINE orange , *PROPIDIUM iodide , *CELLULAR therapy - Abstract
Cellular therapy development and manufacturing has focused on providing novel therapeutic cell-based products for various diseases. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has provided guidance on critical quality attributes (CQAs) that shall be considered when testing and releasing cellular therapeutic products. Cell count and viability measurements are two of the CQAs that are determined during development, manufacturing, testing, and product release. The ISO Cell Counting Standard Part 1 and 2 addressed the needs for improving the quality of cell counting results. However, there is currently no guidance on the qualification and selection of a fit-for-purpose cell viability detection method. In this work, we present strategies for the characterization and comparison of AO/PI and AO/DAPI staining methods using the heat-killed (HK) and low temperature/nutrient-deprived (LT/ND) cell death models to evaluate the comparability of cell viability measurements and identify potential causes of differences. We compared the AO/PI and AO/DAPI staining methods using HK and LT/ND-generated dead cells, investigated the staining time effects on cell viability measurements, and determined their viability linearity with different mixtures of live and dead cells. Furthermore, we validated AO/PI and AO/DAPI cell viability measurement with a long-term cell proliferation assay. Finally, we demonstrate a practical example of cell viability measurement comparison using AO/PI and AO/DAPI on antibiotic-selected transduced Jurkat and THP-1 cells to select a fit-for-purpose method for functional genomics screening. The proposed strategies may potentially enable scientists to properly characterize, compare, and select cell viability detection methods that are critical for cellular therapeutic product development and manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Developmental Toxicity and Apoptosis in Zebrafish: The Impact of Lithium Hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6) from Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolytes.
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Yang, Boyu, Sun, Luning, Peng, Zheng, Zhang, Qing, Lin, Mei, Peng, Zhilin, and Zheng, Lan
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LITHIUM-ion batteries , *ACRIDINE orange , *IN situ hybridization , *WASTE management , *ENVIRONMENTAL risk - Abstract
With the growing dependence on lithium-ion batteries, there is an urgent need to understand the potential developmental toxicity of LiPF6, a key component of these batteries. Although lithium's toxicity is well-established, the biological toxicity of LiPF6 has been minimally explored. This study leverages the zebrafish model to investigate the developmental impact of LiPF6 exposure. We observed morphological abnormalities, reduced spontaneous movement, and decreased hatching and swim bladder inflation rates in zebrafish embryos, effects that intensified with higher LiPF6 concentrations. Whole-mount in situ hybridization demonstrated that the specific expression of the swim bladder outer mesothelium marker anxa5b was suppressed in the swim bladder region under LiPF6 exposure. Transcriptomic analysis disclosed an upregulation of apoptosis-related gene sets. Acridine orange staining further supported significant induction of apoptosis. These findings underscore the environmental and health risks of LiPF6 exposure and highlight the necessity for improved waste management strategies for lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. 蓝莓渣多酚对肝星状细胞的增殖与自噬作用.
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马 剑, 赖光荣, 胡一阳, 贾飞鸿, 马艳弘, and 刘海燕
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HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,TRANSMISSION electron microscopy ,ACRIDINE orange ,LACTATE dehydrogenase ,SOLVENT extraction - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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10. Effects of Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo L.) Aqueous Leaf Extract and Arbutin on PK-15 and HepG2 Cells.
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Benković, Vesna, Tkalčec, Ines, Knežević, Anica, Jurica, Karlo, Knežević, Fabijan, Brčić Karačonji, Irena, and Kopjar, Nevenka
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ACRIDINE orange ,DNA damage ,CYTOTOXINS ,FUNCTIONAL foods ,CELL death - Abstract
The antioxidant properties of the leaves of the Mediterranean strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) are mainly attributed to the main bioactive compound, the phenolic glycoside arbutin. In this study, the safety profile of strawberry tree aqueous leaf extract (STE) and arbutin at the DNA level was assessed in vitro using porcine PK-15 kidney cells and HepG2 cells derived from human hepatomas. To examine the effects on cell viability and DNA damage, cells were treated for 24 h with STE or arbutin at three concentrations presumed to be non-toxic (400, 200, and 11.4 µg/mL). Assessments were performed using the MTS viability assay, dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide fluorescent staining, and alkaline comet assay. Results showed that the highest concentration (400 µg/mL) of both tested compounds had no significant cytotoxic effects on either PK-15 or HepG2 cells. Apoptosis was the predominant type of cell death and the total amount of DNA damage in treated cells was within acceptable limits. These results on the in vitro cytocompatibility of arbutin and STE with PK-15 and HepG2 cells could serve to make more reliable judgements about safe levels of arbutin in cosmetic products and functional foods, given the increased popularity of the compound in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Acridine Orange and Its Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption.
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Aliyeva, Solmaz B. and Azizkhanli, Sadi A.
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ACRIDINE orange , *FLUORESCENT dyes , *BASIC dyes , *WATER pollution , *ADSORPTION isotherms - Abstract
Adsorption, a crucial method for removing dyes from wastewater, has been extensively studied in the context of eliminating Acridine Orange (AO), a cationic dye, from contaminated water. This review underscores the environmental risks posed by AO, given its high toxicity, and delves into various adsorption techniques developed to eliminate it from water. It covers works on AO removal published from 1981 to April 2024, highlighting the effectiveness of different adsorbents, including natural, synthetic, composite, and nanomaterials, under varying conditions like pH, initial dye concentrations, temperature, and adsorbent dosages. Most studies on adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics have yielded favorable results, with common models including the Langmuir and Freundlich and pseudosecondorder kinetics. As identified by these studies, the main driving force for adsorption is electrostatic interactions between AO and the adsorbents. The review also encompasses competitive adsorption, adsorbent regeneration, alternative decontamination methods, and the pivotal role of computational research in optimizing adsorption processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Improvement photothermal property of MoS2/Fe3O4/GNR nanocomposite in cancer treatment.
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Shariati, Behdad, Goodarzi, Mohammad Taghi, Jalali, Alireza, Salehi, Nasrin, and Mozaffari, Majid
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HELA cells ,TRANSMISSION electron microscopy ,ACRIDINE orange ,CYTOTOXINS ,PROPIDIUM iodide ,MOLYBDENUM disulfide - Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop a novel molybdenum disulfide/iron oxide/gold nanorods (MoS
2 /Fe3 O4 /GNR) nanocomposite (MFG) with different concentrations of AgNO3 solution (MFG1, MFG2, and MFG3) for topical doxorubicin (DOX) drug delivery. Then, these nanocomposites were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopies to confirm their structural and optical properties. Cytotoxicity of samples on Hela cell was determined using MTT assay. Results indicated that nanocomposites possess little cytotoxicity without NIR laser irradiation. Also, the relative viabilities of Hela cells decreased when the concentration of AgNO3 solution increased in this nanocomposite. Using NIR irradiation, the relative viabilities of Hela cells decreased when the concentration of samples increased. Acridine orange/propidium iodide (PI) staining, flow cytometry were recruited to evaluate the effect of these nanocomposites on apoptosis of Hela cells. Finally, results revealed when DOX loading increased in nanocomposite, then cell viability was decreased in it. Therefore, these properties make MFG3 nanocomposite a good candidate for photothermal therapy and drug loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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13. miRNA-126通过抑制自噬逆转肺癌A549/DDP 细胞顺铂耐药的作用研究.
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唐夏莉, 陈 君, 焦德敏, and 刘 翔
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DRUG resistance in cancer cells , *MICROTUBULE-associated proteins , *ACRIDINE orange , *CISPLATIN , *LUNG cancer - Abstract
AIM: Autophagy levels in lung cancer cisplatin-resistant A549/DDP cells and cisplatin-sensitive A549 cells were compared. The effects of microRNA-126 (miRNA-126) on autophagy in lung cancer cisplatin-resistant cells were assessed, and the role of miRNA-126 in lung cancer cisplatin-resistant cells was discussed. METHODS: An MTT assay was used to detect the half maximal inhibitory concentration of cisplatin. The miRNA-126 expression was de⁃ tected by RT-qPCR. Autophagolysosomes were observed under a fluorescence microscope using acridine orange staining. Protein levels of autophagy-associated molecule microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) in lung cancer cells were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Autophagy was significantly elevated in A549/DDP cells compared with A549 cells (P<0.01). The expression level of miRNA-126 was significantly elevated in A549/DDP cells after transfection with miRNA-126 (P<0.01). miRNA-126 reversed cisplatin resistance of A549/DDP cells, and the level of intracellular acid dye follicular bright red fluorescence in the A549/DDP cells was significantly reduced after transfection with miRNA-126 (P<0.01). The LC3-II protein level in A549/DDP cells was significantly reduced after transfection with miRNA-126 (P<0.01), and inhibition of cell autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) enhanced cisplatin sensitivity of A549/DDP cells (P<0.01). Compared with 3-MA+NC group, miRNA-126 combined with 3-MA further increased cisplatin sensitivity of A549/DDP cells (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: miRNA-126 reverses the cisplatin resistance in lung cancer A549/DDP cells by inhibiting autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Dinuclear arene ruthenium(II) arylthiourea complexes: Synthesis, structure, cancer cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction studies.
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Balaji, Sundarraman, Subarkhan, Mohamed Kasim Mohamed, Balamurugan, Gunasekaran, and Ramesh, Rengan
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CANCER cell growth , *LIGANDS (Chemistry) , *RUTHENIUM , *CANCER cells , *RUTHENIUM compounds , *CELL death , *ACRIDINE orange - Abstract
New half‐sandwich dinuclear arene ruthenium complexes of the general formula [(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(k2‐S‐arylthiourea)Cl] (1–3) have been synthesized. The structural characterization of the ruthenium complexes has been established using analytical and various spectroscopic techniques. The bidentate coordination of the ligands and pseudo‐octahedral geometry around the ruthenium(II) ion are confirmed by the single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction technique. In vitro antiproliferative activity of the complexes has been studied by MTT (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay against lung (A549), breast (MCF‐7), cervical (HeLa), ovarian (A2780) cancer cells, and non‐cancerous NIH‐3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. The results show that all the complexes exhibit excellent cytotoxicity towards all the cancer cells, with a low IC50 concentration compared with cisplatin. Further, the mode of cancer cell death has been examined by AO–EB (acridine orange/ethidium bromide), and DAPI (4',6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole) staining studies demonstrate the apoptosis‐associated cell morphological changes. Furthermore, the quantitative differentiation of late apoptosis has been elucidated by flow cytometry employing dual staining of Annexin V‐FITC and propidium iodide, which involves the transfer of phosphatidylserine to the external leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. The Impact of Simultaneous Epigenetic and Epitranscriptomic Intervention in Breast Cancer Cells.
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YANAR, Sevinç, DEVECİ ÖZKAN, Asuman, BAL ALBAYRAK, Merve Gülşen, and BETTS, Zeynep
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SODIUM butyrate ,HISTONE deacetylase inhibitors ,BREAST cancer ,STAINS & staining (Microscopy) ,ACRIDINE orange - Abstract
Copyright of Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Health Sciences / İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Gelisim Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Yuksekokulu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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16. 基于斑马鱼模型研究天麻多糖的免疫调节作用.
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曾 易, 白钦如, 胡瑞雪, 王 婷, 励 娜, and 胡 光
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YOLK sac ,REACTIVE oxygen species ,ACRIDINE orange ,FLUORESCENT probes ,BRACHYDANIO ,HEART beat ,BCL genes - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Technology (Natural Science) is the property of Chongqing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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17. Influence of millimeter range electromagnetic waves on bovine serum albumin interaction with acridine orange.
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Parsadanyan, M. A., Shahinyan, M. A., Mikaelyan, M. S., Grigoryan, S. V., Poghosyan, G. H., and Vardevanyan, P. O.
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ACRIDINE orange , *ELECTROMAGNETIC waves , *SERUM albumin , *MILLIMETER waves , *BIOMOLECULES , *BOS - Abstract
\nPlain Language SummaryThe effect of non-ionizing millimeter range electromagnetic waves (MM EMW) (30–300 GHz) on the bovine serum albumin (BSA) interaction peculiarities with acridine orange (AO) has been studied in vitro. The frequencies 41.8 and 50.3 GHz were chosen, since the first one is nonresonant frequency for the water, while the second one is resonant for water. The binding constant and number of binding sites were calculated at both irradiation presence and absence. AO was revealed to bind to BSA, while after the protein irradiation the interaction force strengthens. However, it was also shown that there are differences of the interaction parameters while irradiating by 41.8 or 50.3 GHz. AO binds to BSA, irradiated by MM EMW with the frequency 41.8 GHz much more weaker, than to that, irradiated by MM EMW with the frequency 50.3 GHz.The manuscript is devoted to the study of the effect of millimeter range electromagnetic waves with the frequencies 41.8 and 50.3 GHz on the model biological system, being on molecular level of organization. Nowadays millimeter range electromagnetic waves compose a significant part of electromagnetic pollution in the environment and affect biological material, besides these waves are used in extremely high frequencies-therapy ((30–300 GHz), which are millimeter range electromagnetic waves (1–10 mm)). On the other hand, the problem of their effect mechanism is mainly connected to water, since the resonant frequencies for water molecules are in the interval of millimeter waves. In the present study, as such biological molecule, the bovine serum albumin has been chosen, which interacts with acridine orange. Serum albumins are known to carry and transport various endogenous and exogenous agents, including drugs throughout circulatory system. In turn, acridine orange has been extensively used for biological staining to differentiate DNA from RNA by fluorescence emission for years, Nowadays, it is considered as a promising agent for antitumorous treatment and diagnosis.The data obtained show that the interaction between bovine serum albumin and acridine orange changes, when the solution of albumin is irradiated by the millimeter waves with the frequencies 41.8 and 50.3 GHz. However, the interaction alteration depends on the frequency as well. Thus, the irradiation with the frequency 41.8 GHz makes insignificant changes, while that with the frequency 50.3 GHz induces significant changes of measured parameters. The studies were conducted by absorption, fluorescence and CD spectroscopy methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Cytotoxic effects of chloridazon-loaded alginate-chitosan nanocapsules on the 4T1 breast cancer cell line.
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Babaei, S., Kahrizi, D., Karimi, N., Nosratti, I., Arkan, E., Ercişli, S., and Tahir, M. B.
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NEOVASCULARIZATION inhibitors , *CYTOTOXINS , *ACRIDINE orange , *NANOCAPSULES , *PYRIDAZINONES - Abstract
Background: Chloridazon belongs to the pyridazinone group of herbicides. Pyridazinone derivatives are known to have various pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer effects. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity, apoptotic, anti-metastasis, and anti-angiogenesis effects of chloridazon-loaded alginate-chitosan nanocapsules on the 4T1 breast cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: The 4T1 cell line was cultured in RPMI 1640 media and treated with different concentrations of chloridazon-loaded alginate-chitosan nanocapsules. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay, while cell vitality was assessed using the NR uptake assay. Apoptosis was induced and observed through acridine orange and propidium iodide staining. Furthermore, the expression levels of genes associated with metastasis (MMP-2 & MMP-9) and angiogenesis (VEGF-A) were analyzed using the RTPCR technique. Results: The chloridazon-loaded nanocapsules displayed increased cytotoxicity on the 4T1 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. As the treatment dose increased, both cell viability and vitality decreased. The IC50 of the nanoformulation was measured as 74 µg/ml based on the dose-response curve. Additionally, the nanoformulation was found to induce apoptosis and decrease the expression levels of genes related to metastasis (MMP-2 & MMP-9) and angiogenesis (VEGF-A). Notably, the doses of 100 µg/ml and 160 µg/ml of the nanoformulation exhibited the most significant effects. Conclusion: Our findings reveal that the chloridazon-loaded alginate -chitosan nanocapsules have the potential to exert cytotoxic effects on the 4T1 breast cancer cell line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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19. The anti-tumor effect of synthesized Urolithin B liposome on lung adenocarcinoma.
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Alyousufi, Serra Falih Makttoof, Homayouni Tabrizi, Masoud, and Yaghmaei, Parichehreh
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LUNGS , *LIPOSOMES , *FIELD emission electron microscopy , *APOPTOSIS , *CELL cycle , *ADENOCARCINOMA , *ACRIDINE orange - Abstract
Due to low aqueous solubility and the short half-life of Urolithin (Uro) B, we designed liposomes containing Uro B and examined their antioxidant and anti-tumor properties. After synthesizing Uro B-nanoliposomes, the characterization of nanoliposomes was evaluated. The MTT method was conducted to assess the toxicity influence, and Acridine Orange (AO)/propidium iodide (PI) staining, flow cytometry, and real‑time PCR (qRT‑PCR) were carried out to examine the apoptotic effect of nanoliposomes on the lung adenocarcinoma cell line. Antioxidant effects were measured by evaluating the scavenging of free radicals. The obtained data implied that nanoliposomes have a size of 78.9 nm, a PDI of 0.27, and a zeta potential of − 9 mV, and the encapsulation efficiency was about 86%. Besides, the results of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) show dimensions below 100 nm, uniform dispersion distribution, and without aggregation and agglomeration of the designed nanoliposomes. Also, the obtained peaks from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) show the stretching vibrations of the groups associated with the designed nanoliposomes. The Uro B-nanoliposomes increased the free radical inhibition rate in a dose-dependent manner through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. However, the ABTS antioxidant assay was the best antioxidant recognizer assay for the nanoliposomes' antioxidant activity. Also, Uro B-nanoliposomes arrest the cell cycle and induce programmed cell death of lung cancer cells by regulating the expression of related genes (Bax and Bcl-2). These results generally indicate the efficiency of nanoliposomes containing Uro B with anticancer effects, which can be used as a promising candidate in preclinical and clinical applications against lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. Preparation of Ag@3D‐TiO2 Scaffolds and Determination of its Antimicrobial Properties and Osteogenesis‐promoting Ability.
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Liu, Tiansheng, Yang, Guijun, Li, Tong, Wang, Qi, Liu, Houjiang, and He, Fang
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OSSEOINTEGRATION , *ELECTRON beam furnaces , *CHRONIC toxicity testing , *TISSUE differentiation , *ANIMAL experimentation , *POLYCAPROLACTONE , *ACRIDINE orange - Abstract
Objectives: The micro‐nano structure of 3D‐printed porous titanium (Ti) alloy with excellent performance in avoiding stress shielding and promoting bone tissue differentiation provides a new opportunity for the development of bone implants, but it necessitates higher requirements for bone tissue differentiation and the antibacterial properties of bone implants in clinical practice. Methods: This study investigated the preparation, antimicrobial properties, and osteogenesis‐promoting ability of the 3D printed porous Ti alloy anodic oxidized Ag‐carrying (Ag@3D‐TiO2) scaffolds. The 3D printed porous Ti alloy (3D‐Ti), anodized 3D printed porous Ti alloy (3D‐TiO2), and Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds were synthesized using electron beam melting. The antimicrobial properties of the scaffolds were examined using antibacterial tests and their cytocompatibility was assessed using a cell proliferation assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. In vitro cellular assays were used to investigate the effects of the scaffold microstructural features on cell activity, proliferation, and osteogenesis‐related genes and proteins. In vivo animal experiments were used to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory and osteogenesis‐promoting abilities of the scaffolds. Results: The Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds exhibited sustained anti‐microbial activity over time, enhanced cell proliferation, facilitated osteogenic differentiation, and increased extracellular matrix mineralization. In addition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (COL‐I), and osteocalcin (OCN)‐related genes and proteins were upregulated. In vivo animal implantation experiments, the anti‐inflammatory effect of the Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds were observed using histology, and a large amount of fibrous connective tissue was present around it; the Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds were more bio‐compatible with the surrounding tissues compared with 3D‐Ti and 3D‐TiO2; a large amount of uniformly distributed neoplastic bone tissue existed in their pores, and the chronic systemic toxicity test showed that the 3D‐Ti, 3D‐TiO2, and Ag@3D‐TiO2 scaffolds are biologically safe. Conclusion: The goal of this study was to create a scaffold that exhibits antimicrobial properties and can aid bone growth, making it highly suitable for use in bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Evaluation and Efficacy of Oral Biomarkers for Lygus Lineolaris.
- Author
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Glover, James P., Little, Nathan, George, Justin, Portilla, Maribel, and Parys, Katherine
- Subjects
- *
MIRIDAE , *OPTICAL brighteners , *BIOMARKERS , *HONEY , *ACRIDINE orange , *LIFE cycles (Biology) , *FLUORESCEIN - Abstract
The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), is a highly polyphagous insect feeding on many wild host plants and a pest of economically important cultivated crops. The landscape composition plays an important role on the population dynamics of tarnished plant bugs and merits further examination to better manage populations across the agroecosystem. In this study, we evaluated the potential of eight oral biomarkers in combination with an inexpensive and portable fluorescent adapter in order to track the movement of L. lineolaris. Tarnished plant bugs from a laboratory colony were exposed to 8 biomarkers (Safranin O, Acridine Orange, Rhodamine B., Fluorescein sodium salt, Acid Fuchsin, Brilliant Blue, Fluorescent Brightener 28, and Carmoisine) contained in a 10% honey solution using three ingestion methods (dye-infused floral foam, dye-overlaid diet, and a dye-incorporated diet). At 24, 48, and 72 h post-exposure, the L. lineolaris nymphs and adults were removed from each treatment, killed by freezing and evaluated for florescence using a microscope equipped with a NightSea™ Florescence adapter under different lighting and filter combinations. The results indicated that Safranin O, Rhodamine B, and Acridine Orange are potentially useful as oral biomarkers for both nymph and adult L. Lineolaris when incorporated into a honey water solution and delivered via ingestion by floral foam, diet-overlay, or incorporated into their diet. This study provides information usable by ecologists and entomologists for to selecting biomarkers for particular life stages to address the different mobile phases of an insect life cycle. Resumen La chinche lygus, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Meridae) es un insecto altamente polífago que se alimenta de hospederos naturales y cultivos de importancia económica. El medio ambiente juega un papel importante sobre las dinámicas poblacionales de la chinche lygus, y amerita estudios más a fondo para un mejor manejo de sus poblaciones a través del ecosistema. En el presente estudio se evaluó el potencial de ocho marcadores biológicos-orales en combinación con un adaptador fluorescente portátil y fácil de adquirir con el fin de hacer el seguimiento en los movimientos de L. lineolaris. Una colonia de laboratorio de chinche lygus se expuso a 8 biomarcadores (Safranin O, Acridine naranja, Rhodamine B., Flourescein sodio sal, ácido Fuchsin, Brilliant azul, Brillante Floreciente 28, tintura Carmoisine) en una solución de agua con miel al 10%, los cuales se utilizaron tres métodos de ingestión; infusión de tintura en espuma florar, tintura superpuesta sobre la superficie de dieta y tintura incorporada en dieta. En intervalos de 24, 48 y 72 postratamiento, ninfas y adultos de L. lineolaris se removieron de cada tratamiento y se trasladaron a un congelador hasta que murieron. Los cadáveres fueron evaluados por florescencia usando un microscopio equipado con un adaptador NighSea TM fluorescente bajo diferentes combinaciones de luces y filtros. Los resultados indicaron que Safranin O, Rhrodamine B y Acridine naranja, son potencialmente útiles como marcadores biológico-orales para ninfas y adultos de L. lineolaris cuando se incorporan en agua-miel humedecida en espuma floral, solución puesta en la superficie de dieta y solución incorporada en dieta. Este estudio proporciona información útil para ecólogos y entomólogos para seleccionar marcadores biológicos para determinados estados de vida enfocados en las fases móviles del ciclo de vida de un insecto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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22. Remarkable fluorescence enhancement of acridine orange and rhodamine B through immobilization on zirconia nanotube array film and its application on nitrite sensing.
- Author
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Liu, Dong, Wang, Xixin, Liu, Dongxin, and Zhao, Jianling
- Subjects
FLUORESCENCE resonance energy transfer ,RHODAMINE B ,ACRIDINE orange ,ENERGY transfer ,AQUEOUS solutions - Abstract
• Fluorescence performances of AO and RB in aqueous solutions and on ZNAF are comparatively studied. • Emission intensity of AO and RB on ZNAF is 8.0 and 4.2 times higher than the aqueous solutions. • The energy transfer efficiency of AO-RB system increases from 40.9 % to 84.8 % by loading it on ZNAF. • The sensitivity for detecting nitrite increases from 939.18 mL/µg to 15,031.68 mL/µg through loading AO onto ZNAF. • AO@ZNAF has a minimum detection limit of 0.22 ng/mL and a linear range of 0.001–0.1 µg/mL. Zirconia nanotube array films (ZNAF) prepared by anodic oxidation method were used as immobilization materials for acridine orange (AO), rhodamine B (RB) and AO-RB systems. A comparative study on their fluorescence emission intensity, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence detection of nitrite in aqueous solutions and on immobilization films with ZNAF as carriers was carried out. Results demonstrate that the solution pH values and immobilization on ZNAF have a great influence on the performance of these fluorescent molecules. Compared with aqueous solutions, the fluorescence emission intensity of AO and RB is considerably increased by immobilization, which is 8.0 and 4.2 times higher than the original, respectively. The energy transfer efficiency (E) of the AO-RB system increases from 40.9 % to 84.8 % by loading it on ZNAF. Moreover, after immobilization onto ZNAF, the fluorescence detection performance of nitrite is also significantly improved. The limit of detection decreases from 0.95 ng/mL to 0.22 ng/mL and the sensitivity increases from 939.18 to 15,031.68 mL/µg through loading AO onto ZNAF. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2025
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Mg2+ limitation leads to a decrease in chlorophyll, resulting in an unbalanced photosynthetic apparatus in the cyanobacterium Synechocytis sp. PCC6803
- Author
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Pohland, Anne-Christin, Bernát, Gábor, Geimer, Stefan, and Schneider, Dirk
- Published
- 2024
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24. Microwave-assisted Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activities of TiO2 Nanoparticles
- Author
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Waseem Ahmad, Abhilasha Mishra, Sanjay Kumar, Rinku Rana, and Anshika Arora
- Subjects
tio2 nanoparticles (nps) ,green synthesis ,acridine orange ,phenol red ,permaelia perleta ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Medicine - Abstract
Environmental photocatalysis of wastewater is an important application of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). This paper reports the microwave-assisted green synthesis of TiO2 NPs using the isolated extract of Permelia perleta lichen. Development of TiO2 NPs was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The acquired TiO2 NPs were utilized as a nano photocatalyst in the degradation of acridine orange and phenol red dyes as model organic pollutants. The degradation efficiency of the developed TiO2 NPs was evaluated using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. We found that the acquired TiO2 NPs had an average particle size of 30–40 nm, and the nanoparticles were somewhat agglomerated and are nonuniform in shape. The developed nano photocatalyst degraded the selected dyes efficiently, and the degradation efficiency was much better when the test sample was irradiated with UV light with a wavelength of 310 nm.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Potential of Ethanolic Extracts of Duguetia vallicola (Annonaceae) against in-Hospital Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Author
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Contreras-Martínez, Orfa Inés, Sierra-Quiroz, Daniela, and Angulo-Ortíz, Alberto
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PSEUDOMONAS aeruginosa ,ANNONACEAE ,ACRIDINE orange ,FLUORESCENCE microscopy ,EXTRACTS ,BACTERIAL growth ,BURN care units - Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that is especially dominant in people with cystic fibrosis; the drug resistance expressed by this pathogen and its capacity for adaptation poses a significant challenge to its treatment and control, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality rates globally. In this sense, the search for new treatment alternatives is imminent today, with products of plant origin being an excellent alternative for use. The objective of this research was to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential and to explore the possible effect of ethanolic extracts from the wood and bark of Duguetia vallicola on the cell membrane. Microdilution assays showed the inhibition of bacterial growth by more than 50%, with the lowest concentration (62.5 μg/mL) of both extracts evaluated. Furthermore, we report the ability of both extracts to inhibit mature biofilms, with inhibition percentages between 48.4% and 93.7%. Intracellular material leakage experiments (260/280 nm), extracellular pH measurements, and fluorescence microscopy with acridine orange (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) showed cell membrane damage. This indicates that the antibacterial action of ethanolic extracts of D. vallicola is associated with damage to the integrity of the cell membrane and consequent death of these pathogens. These results serve as a reference for future studies in establishing the mechanisms of action of these extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Effects of Cultivation Stress on the Glaucophyte Cyanophora paradoxa and Bioactive Potential in Human Cancer Cell Lines.
- Author
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Herbert, Helen, Parkes, Rachel, Barone, Maria Elena, Picciotto, Sabrina, Adamo, Giorgia, Paterna, Angela, Manno, Mauro, Bongiovanni, Antonella, Campion, Eva, and Touzet, Nicolas
- Subjects
- *
CELL lines , *CANCER cells , *ACRIDINE orange , *BLUE light , *BIOACTIVE compounds , *XANTHOPHYLLS , *BIOMASS - Abstract
The propensity to accumulate high-value metabolites under specific conditions makes microalgae promising candidates for commercial applications. Here, the freshwater microalga Cyanophora paradoxa CCAP 981/1 was cultivated under varying conditions (control, nitrogen limitation, NaCl supplementation and blue light exposure) and the biological activity of the corresponding biomass extracts was assessed against human breast (MCF-7) and lung (A549) cancer cell lines. The stress treatments hindered the growth of C. paradoxa, the control displaying the highest specific growth rate (0.16 d−1 ± 0.01). Biomass screening by GCMS and HPLC identified diverse bioactive compounds including pigments (chlorophylls, xanthophylls, carotenes) and fatty acids (e.g., EPA). The control cultivation conditions returned the highest yields of biomass (724 mg), zeaxanthin (6.8 mg g−1), EPA (1.1 mg g−1) and phycocyanin (113.9 mg g−1), while the blue light treatment enhanced the proportions of unsaturated forms of C18 (34.3%). Extracts of dried biomass obtained by cold maceration using solvents of increasing polarity were used in the treatment of MCF-7 and A549 cancer cells. Ethyl acetate extracts from nitrogen-limited cultures reduced MCF-7 viability (~70%) after 72 h. However, the diethyl ether and methanol extracts showed no impact on MCF-7 and A549 cell viability. Furthermore, acridine orange staining revealed no significant DNA damage in these cell lines upon exposure to C. paradoxa extracts. Overall, the minimal impacts on cell viability observed here supports considering C. paradoxa as a promising source of natural bioactive compounds with applications in various biotechnological sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Application of image-recognition techniques to automated micronucleus detection in the in vitro micronucleus assay.
- Author
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Yoda, Hiromi, Abe, Kazuya, Takeo, Hideya, Takamura-Enya, Takeji, and Koike-Takeshita, Ayumi
- Subjects
- *
NUCLEOLUS , *GENETIC toxicology , *CELL nuclei , *IMAGE recognition (Computer vision) , *ACRIDINE orange , *STAINS & staining (Microscopy) - Abstract
Background: An in vitro micronucleus assay is a standard genotoxicity test. Although the technique and interpretation of the results are simple, manual counting of the total and micronucleus-containing cells in a microscopic field is tedious. To address this issue, several systems have been developed for quick and efficient micronucleus counting, including flow cytometry and automated detection based on specialized software and detection systems that analyze images. Results: Here, we present a simple and effective method for automated micronucleus counting using image recognition technology. Our process involves separating the RGB channels in a color micrograph of cells stained with acridine orange. The cell nuclei and micronuclei were detected by scaling the G image, whereas the cytoplasm was recognized from a composite image of the R and G images. Finally, we identified cells with overlapping cytoplasm and micronuclei as micronucleated cells, and the application displayed the number of micronucleated cells and the total number of cells. Our method yielded results that were comparable to manually measured values. Conclusions: Our micronucleus detection (MN/cell detection software) system can accurately detect the total number of cells and micronucleus-forming cells in microscopic images with the same level of precision as achieved through manual counting. The accuracy of micronucleus numbers depends on the cell staining conditions; however, the software has options by which users can easily manually optimize parameters such as threshold, denoise, and binary to achieve the best results. The optimization process is easy to handle and requires less effort, making it an efficient way to obtain accurate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. BDE-47-induced damage prevented by melatonin in grass carp hepatocytes (L8824).
- Author
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Shan, Jianhua, Guan, Haoyue, Zhang, Zhuoqi, Ma, Wenxue, Cai, Jingzeng, Gao, Ge, and Zhang, Ziwei
- Subjects
CTENOPHARYNGODON idella ,LIVER cells ,POLYBROMINATED diphenyl ethers ,ACRIDINE orange ,ENDOPLASMIC reticulum - Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are toxic to organisms with melatonin (MT) providing protection for tissues and cells against these. This study investigates the mechanism of damage of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and the cellular protection of MT on grass carp hepatocytes. Grass carp hepatocytes were exposed to 25 μmol/L BDE-47 and/or 40 μmol/L MT for 24 h before testing. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double fluorescence staining results showed that BDE-47 could induce cell apoptosis. The expression levels of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related genes ire1, atf4, grp78, perk, and chop were also significantly up-regulated (P < 0.01). The levels of the apoptosis-related genes caspase3, bax, and caspase9 were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.0001), while the level of bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated (P < 0.01). Compared with the BDE-47 group, the BDE-47 + MT group showed reduced levels of ER and apoptosis of hepatocytes, while the expression of the ER stress-related genes ire1, atf4, grp78, perk, and chop and the apoptosis-related genes caspase3, bax, and caspase9 were down-regulated (P < 0.05), and the level of bcl-2 was up-regulated (P < 0.01). In conclusion, BDE-47 can activate ER and apoptosis in grass carp hepatocytes, while MT can reduce these responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Optimizing photocatalytic degradation: SnO2-PVC thin film catalyst for efficient removal of acridine orange.
- Author
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Ahel, Shrooq Khaled and Munahi, Murad G.
- Subjects
PHOTODEGRADATION ,THIN films ,ACRIDINE orange ,CATALYSTS ,SEWAGE ,EMERGING contaminants - Abstract
Industrial wastewater containing hazardous organic pollutants is an emerging global issue demands efficient treatment methods. The semiconductor-mediated photodegradation has emerged as a promising solution, which gaining increased interest. This study focuses on photocatalytic degradation of Acridine Orange using thin film catalyst composed of PVC immobilized with nano SnO
2 . The photocatalytic efficiency of the prepared catalyst was evaluated through various experiments, and the operational parameters such as irradiation source, initial dye concentration, pH, and co-occurring ions were investigated. The catalyst demonstrated superior dye removal under UV radiation at 254 nm. The impact of pH revealed maximal degradation at pH 11. Moreover, the study explored the influence of co-occurring ions, indicating their quenching effect on the degradation process. Kinetic analysis revealed a concentration-dependent degradation rate which aligns with the kinetic model of Langmuir-Hinshelwood. The reusability of the SnO2 -thin film photocatalyst demonstrated sustained activity over multiple cycles. The findings highlight the potential of SnO2 -PVC thin film as a photocatalyst for dye removal, emphasizing the importance of optimizing operational parameters for enhanced efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Bitter Taste Receptor T2R14 and Autophagy Flux in Gingival Epithelial Cells.
- Author
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Singh, Nisha, Ulmer, Ben, Medapati, Manoj Reddy, Zhang, Christine, Schroth, Robert J., Ghavami, Saeid, and Chelikani, Prashen
- Subjects
- *
BITTERNESS (Taste) , *EPITHELIAL cells , *AUTOPHAGY , *TASTE receptors , *TRANSMISSION electron microscopy , *INTRACELLULAR calcium , *GRAM-positive bacteria - Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a lysosomal degradation pathway that functions in nutrient recycling and as a mechanism of innate immunity. Previously, we reported a novel host–bacteria interaction between cariogenic S. mutans and bitter taste receptor (T2R14) in gingival epithelial cells (GECs), leading to an innate immune response. Further, S. mutans might be using the host immune system to inhibit other Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus. To determine whether these bacteria exploit the autophagic machinery of GEC, it is first necessary to evaluate the role of T2R14 in modulating autophagic flux. So far, the role of T2R14 in the regulation of autophagy is not well characterized. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, we report that T2R14 downregulates autophagy flux in GECs, and T2R14 knockout increases acidic vacuoles. However, the treatments of GEC WT with a T2R14 agonist and antagonist did not lead to a significant change in acidic vacuole formation. Transmission electron microscopy morphometric results also suggested an increased number of autophagic vesicles in T2R14-knockout GEC. Further, our results suggest that S. mutans competence stimulating peptide CSP-1 showed robust intracellular calcium release and this effect is both T2R14- and autophagy protein 7-dependent. In this study, we provide the first evidence that T2R14 modulates autophagy flux in GEC. The results of the current study could help in identifying the impact of T2R in regulation of the immuno-microenvironment of GEC and subsequently oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Microwave-assisted Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activities of TiO2 Nanoparticles.
- Author
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Ahmad, Waseem, Mishra, Abhilasha, Kumar, Sanjay, Rana, Rinku, and Arora, Anshika
- Subjects
- *
PHOTOCATALYSTS , *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy , *SPECTROPHOTOMETERS , *SCANNING electron microscopy , *ULTRAVIOLET spectroscopy , *NANOPARTICLES , *ENVIRONMENTAL reporting , *ACRIDINE orange - Abstract
Environmental photocatalysis of wastewater is an important application of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). This paper reports the microwave-assisted green synthesis of TiO2 NPs using the isolated extract of Permelia perleta lichen. Development of TiO2 NPs was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The acquired TiO2 NPs were utilized as a nano photocatalyst in the degradation of acridine orange and phenol red dyes as model organic pollutants. The degradation efficiency of the developed TiO2 NPs was evaluated using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. We found that the acquired TiO2 NPs had an average particle size of 30-40 nm, and the nanoparticles were somewhat agglomerated and are nonuniform in shape. The developed nano photocatalyst degraded the selected dyes efficiently, and the degradation efficiency was much better when the test sample was irradiated with UV light with a wavelength of 310 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Effect of UV-Vis Radiation on DNA Systems Containing the Photosensitizers Methylene Blue and Acridine Orange.
- Author
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Pivetta, Thais P., Ribeiro, Paulo A., and Raposo, Maria
- Subjects
BIOMOLECULES ,METHYLENE blue ,PHOTOSENSITIZERS ,IRRADIATION ,ULTRAVIOLET-visible spectroscopy - Abstract
As a vital biomolecule, DNA is known as a target of antineoplastic drugs for cancer therapy. These drugs can show different modes of interaction with DNA, with intercalation and groove binding being the most common types. The intercalation of anticancer drugs with DNA can lead to the disruption of its normal function, influencing cell proliferation. Methylene blue (MB) and acridine orange (AO) are examples of DNA-intercalating agents that have been studied for their application against some types of cancer, mainly for photodynamic therapy. In this work, the impact of light irradiation on these compounds in the absence and presence of DNA was analyzed by means of UV-vis spectroscopy. Bathochromic and hypochromic shifts were observed in the absorbance spectra, revealing the intercalation of the dyes with the DNA base pairs. Dyes with and without DNA present different profiles of photodegradation, whereby the dyes alone were more susceptible to degradation. This can be justified by the intercalation of the dyes on the DNA base pairs allowing the DNA molecule to partially hinder the molecules' exposition and, therefore, reducing their degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Synthesis of Lawsonia inermis-encased silver–copper bimetallic nanoparticles with antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity
- Author
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Ragavendran Chinnasamy, Kamaraj Chinnaperumal, Natarajan Devarajan, Al-Ghanim Khalid A., Magesh Mohan, Nicoletti Marcello, and Govindarajan Marimuthu
- Subjects
nanocomposite ,clinical pathogens ,dpph ,mda-mb-231 ,acridine orange ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The Effect of UV-Vis Radiation on DNA Systems Containing the Photosensitizers Methylene Blue and Acridine Orange
- Author
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Thais P. Pivetta, Paulo A. Ribeiro, and Maria Raposo
- Subjects
DNA intercalators ,methylene blue ,acridine orange ,irradiation ,UV-vis spectroscopy ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
As a vital biomolecule, DNA is known as a target of antineoplastic drugs for cancer therapy. These drugs can show different modes of interaction with DNA, with intercalation and groove binding being the most common types. The intercalation of anticancer drugs with DNA can lead to the disruption of its normal function, influencing cell proliferation. Methylene blue (MB) and acridine orange (AO) are examples of DNA-intercalating agents that have been studied for their application against some types of cancer, mainly for photodynamic therapy. In this work, the impact of light irradiation on these compounds in the absence and presence of DNA was analyzed by means of UV-vis spectroscopy. Bathochromic and hypochromic shifts were observed in the absorbance spectra, revealing the intercalation of the dyes with the DNA base pairs. Dyes with and without DNA present different profiles of photodegradation, whereby the dyes alone were more susceptible to degradation. This can be justified by the intercalation of the dyes on the DNA base pairs allowing the DNA molecule to partially hinder the molecules’ exposition and, therefore, reducing their degradation.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Cannabigerol Induces Autophagic Cell Death by Inhibiting EGFR-RAS Pathways in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines.
- Author
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Zeppa, Laura, Aguzzi, Cristina, Morelli, Maria Beatrice, Marinelli, Oliviero, Giangrossi, Martina, Luongo, Margherita, Amantini, Consuelo, Santoni, Giorgio, and Nabissi, Massimo
- Subjects
- *
PANCREATIC duct , *CELL death , *CELL lines , *WESTERN immunoblotting , *ACRIDINE orange , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents - Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most frequent infiltrating type of pancreatic cancer. The poor prognosis associated with this cancer is due to the absence of specific biomarkers, aggressiveness, and treatment resistance. PDAC is a deadly malignancy bearing distinct genetic alterations, the most common being those that result in cancer-causing versions of the KRAS gene. Cannabigerol (CBG) is a non-psychomimetic cannabinoid with anti-inflammatory properties. Regarding the anticancer effect of CBG, up to now, there is only limited evidence in human cancers. To fill this gap, we investigated the effects of CBG on the PDAC cell lines, PANC-1 and MIAPaCa-2. The effect of CBG activity on cell viability, cell death, and EGFR-RAS-associated signaling was investigated. Moreover, the potential synergistic effect of CBG in combination with gemcitabine (GEM) and paclitaxel (PTX) was investigated. MTT was applied to investigate the effect of CBG on PDAC cell line viabilities. Annexin-V and Acridine orange staining, followed by cytofluorimetric analysis and Western blotting, were used to evaluate CBG's effect on cell death. The modulation of EGFR-RAS-associated pathways was determined by Western blot analysis and a Milliplex multiplex assay. Moreover, by employing the MTT data and SynergyFinder Plus software analysis, the effect of the combination of CBG and chemotherapeutic drugs was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. TD‐DFT analysis of the excitation of H‐dimers of cationic dyes in an aqueous solution using functionals without additional dispersion correction.
- Author
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Kostjukov, Victor V.
- Subjects
- *
BASIC dyes , *FUNCTIONALS , *EXCITON theory , *AQUEOUS solutions , *HARTREE-Fock approximation , *ACRIDINE orange , *DYES & dyeing - Abstract
This work is a development and extension of the previous one (DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00882g). Here, H‐dimers of acridine (acridine orange—AO and proflavine—PF), thiazine (methylene blue—MB and thionine—TH), and oxazine (brilliant cresyl blue—BCB and Nile blue—NB) dyes were modeled using hybrid functionals with a large proportion of exact Hartree–Fock exchange and long‐range correction. It turned out that nine functionals (LC‐ωHPBE, M06HF, M052X, M062X, M08HX, M11, MN15, SOGGA11X, and ωB97XD) reliably stabilize these molecular aggregates in both the ground and excited states. In addition, these functionals ensure that the conditions for transition moments (M(dimer) ≈ 2$$ \sqrt{2} $$M(monomer) from strong coupling theory for H‐aggregates) and absorption maxima (λmax(dimer) < λmax(monomer) from Kasha exciton theory) are met. The S2 excited state stabilizes the H‐dimers more strongly than the ground state, while the S1 state stabilizes even more than S2. This is due to the large overlap between the corresponding molecular orbitals (LUMO > HOMO−1 > HOMO). When calculating the vibronic absorption spectra, the best agreement with the experiment for AO2, PF2, and NB2 showed the M08HX functional, and M11—for MB2 and BCB2. For dye monomers, these functionals gave the worst agreement, and MN15 demonstrated the closest similarity to the experiment. Vibronic absorption spectra for AO2, MB2, BCB2, and NB2 were calculated for the first time. The exciton splitting is calculated, which for MB2 is in good agreement with the experimental value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Diagnostic values of ten methods in patients with onychomycosis: A network meta‐analysis.
- Author
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Zhao, Yan, Wang, Xinwei, and Lu, Changyu
- Subjects
- *
ONYCHOMYCOSIS , *ACRIDINE orange , *DIMETHYL sulfoxide , *FLUORESCENT dyes , *POTASSIUM hydroxide , *CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) - Abstract
Background: Onychomycosis, a disease was with a high global prevalence, has been the focal point of this study. The research aims to compare diagnostic efficacy among various methods, including potassium hydroxide (KOH), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), specific colour staining (Chlorazol, lactophenol cotton blue and Chicago sky blue stain), fluorescent staining (calcofluor white stain, acridine orange fluorescent dye), culture on dermatophyte test medium (DTM), conventional PCR, dermoscopy, histopathological examination using PAS stain (HEP‐PAS), real‐time PCR and multiple PCR. This comparison was achieved through a network meta‐analysis involving patients with onychomycosis. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across eight databases. Subsequently, both direct and indirect evidence were amalgamated to assess sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy. This combination analysis helped to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values of the nine different methods, providing an in‐depth perspective on diagnosing onychomycosis. Results: The network meta‐analysis integrated 20 eligible diagnostic trials. The results exhibited that DTM provided higher sensitivity, NPV and accuracy, as indicated by SUCRA values. Meanwhile, DMSO demonstrated higher specificity and positive predictive value in terms of SUCRA values. Among the nine methods, fluorescent staining showcased comparatively superior sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV and accuracy. Furthermore, a cluster analysis indicated that DTM held the highest diagnostic value for sensitivity and accuracy among the nine techniques, with fluorescence staining ranking second. Conclusion: This network meta‐analysis strengthens the evidence suggesting that fluorescence staining exhibits strong diagnostic value in onychomycosis. This finding bears diagnostic implications for onychomycosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Isoalantolactone inhibits the proliferation of human liver cancer cells by inducing intrinsic apoptosis.
- Author
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Wen Peng, Xin-geng Hui, Lin Huo, Dong-xiao Sun, Zhi-cong Wu, Ying Zhang, Xiao-bing Li, Tian Ma, Wen-hui Li, Jing Liang, and Zhi-qiang Sun
- Subjects
- *
LIVER cells , *CANCER cells , *LIVER cancer , *REACTIVE oxygen species , *ACRIDINE orange - Abstract
Purpose: To investigate isoalantolactone's potential as an anticancer agent targeting liver cancer cells and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods: Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays were employed to analyze the antigrowth effects of isoalantolactone against liver cancer cells. Cell apoptosis was studied using Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and Annexin V-FITC/Propidium iodide (PI) staining methods. The intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were estimated using the 2'-7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) method. Liver cancer cell invasion was assessed through Transwell assays. Results: Isoalantolactone inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of HuH7 cells by inducing apoptosis. Isoalantolactone showed IC50 of 9 µM against HuH7 liver cancer cells. The MRC-5 normal cells treated with isoalantolactone also showed loss of viability and the IC50 was estimated to be 40 µM. HuH7 cancer cells administered with isoalantolactone exhibited modulation of apoptotic marker protein expression levels. Apoptosis was shown to result from ROS elevation. Isoalantolactone also restricted liver cancer cell invasion. Conclusion: Isoalantolactone shows anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects against liver cancer cells via ROS-mediated apoptosis induction thereby making it a potential source of potent therapeutic agents against human cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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39. Furanocoumarins as Enhancers of Antitumor Potential of Sorafenib and LY294002 toward Human Glioma Cells In Vitro.
- Author
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Sumorek-Wiadro, Joanna, Zając, Adrian, Skalicka-Woźniak, Krystyna, Rzeski, Wojciech, and Jakubowicz-Gil, Joanna
- Subjects
- *
SORAFENIB , *GLIOMAS , *GLIOBLASTOMA multiforme , *ACRIDINE orange , *PROPIDIUM iodide , *COUMARINS - Abstract
Furanocoumarins are naturally occurring compounds in the plant world, characterized by low molecular weight, simple chemical structure, and high solubility in most organic solvents. Additionally, they have a broad spectrum of activity, and their properties depend on the location and type of attached substituents. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the anticancer activity of furanocoumarins (imperatorin, isoimperatorin, bergapten, and xanthotoxin) in relation to human glioblastoma multiforme (T98G) and anaplastic astrocytoma (MOGGCCM) cell lines. The tested compounds were used for the first time in combination with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) and sorafenib (Raf inhibitor). Apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis were identified microscopically after straining with Hoechst 33342, acridine orange, and propidium iodide, respectively. The levels of caspase 3 and Beclin 1 were estimated by immunoblotting and for the blocking of Raf and PI3K kinases, the transfection with specific siRNA was used. The scratch test was used to assess the migration potential of glioma cells. Our studies showed that the anticancer activity of furanocoumarins strictly depended on the presence, type, and location of substituents. The obtained results suggest that achieving higher pro-apoptotic activity is determined by the presence of an isoprenyl moiety at the C8 position of the coumarin skeleton. In both anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma, imperatorin was the most effective in induction apoptosis. Furthermore, the usage of imperatorin, alone and in combination with sorafenib or LY294002, decreased the migratory potential of MOGGCCM and T98G cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
40. Cytological assessments and a methodological approach to observe the apoptotic effect of nickel sulfate (NiSO4) on Allium cepa L. root germination using EB/AO fluorescence staining.
- Author
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GÖKALP, Fulya D., GÜZEY, Didar, ABIS, Mihriban, and MERT, Özgür
- Subjects
- *
ONIONS , *NICKEL sulfate , *APOPTOSIS inhibition , *ACRIDINE orange , *CELL death - Abstract
Ethidium bromide–acridine orange (EB/AO) is one of the fastest, most economically valid methods for separating living and dead cells in plant root tips. The present study aimed to investigate the apoptotic effect, nuclear abnormalities and cell division index using an Allium cepa test assay with EB/AO staining and an ImageJ program. Nickel sulphate (NiSO4) concentrations (1.75, 3.5, 7 and 14 ppm) were exposed to the root germination of A. cepa for 48 and 72 h to observe mitotic abnormalities, cytotoxic effects and 5-day exposure to apoptotic effects. It was found that amorphous nuclei, vacuolisation and C-mitosis were the most observed abnormalities, which increased at 14 ppm NiSO4 exposure after 48 and 72 h. The total number of nuclear abnormalities significantly increased at all concentrations and exposure periods. The ImageJ program was used to determine apoptosis rates. The data obtained showed that high concentrations of NiSO4 caused significantly more cell death in root tips than in the control group, resulting in root growth inhibition and increased apoptosis with increased concentration and exposure period. NiSO4 caused toxic activity on root growth, identified as apoptosis, especially at the cortex and vascular region in the root tips. The study found affected damaged and apoptotic areas on the root tips using an EB/AO staining method, which can be used as a marker of damaged tissue areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The effects of meloxicam, lornoxicam, ketoprofen, and dexketoprofen on human cervical, colorectal, and mammary carcinoma cell lines.
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Marinov, Lyubomir, Georgieva, Ani, Toshkova, Reneta, Kostadinova, Ivanka, Mangarov, Iliya, Toshkova-Yotova, Tanya, and Nikolova, Irina
- Subjects
NONSTEROIDAL anti-inflammatory agents ,COLORECTAL cancer ,CANCER treatment ,CELL-mediated cytotoxicity ,ACRIDINE orange - Abstract
Targeting the inflammation-related molecules with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represents a promising approach for cancer prevention/therapy. We evaluated the in vitro anticancer effects of meloxicam, lornoxicam, ketoprofen, and dexketoprofen on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human cervical, colorectal, and mammary carcinoma cells. The antiproliferative activity and cytotoxicity of tested NSAIDs on HeLa, HT-29, and MCF-7 cell lines were assessed by the MTT test. The apoptosis-inducing potential was analyzed by fluorescent staining with acridine orange/ethidium bromide and DAPI. Migration activity was assessed by a wound-healing scratch assay. The tested NSAIDs reduced the viability of the used tumor cell lines. The cytomorphological analysis revealed reduced cell density and mitotic activity and the presence of cells with morphological features of early and late apoptosis. Significant inhibition of the migration capacity was established as well. In conclusion, NSAIDs could be candidates for the development of new pharmacological strategies for the treatment and prevention of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Comparative evaluation of diagnostic methods for detection of Theileria spp. in cows.
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Sinha, Shraddha, Behera, Bikash Kumar, Padhi, Soumesh K., Sahoo, Sonali, Sahoo, Niranjana, Biswal, Sangram, and Sahoo, Priyadarshini
- Subjects
- *
THEILERIA , *EVALUATION methodology , *COWS , *PRODUCTION losses , *MIXED infections , *ACRIDINE orange - Abstract
Theileriosis is a hemoprotozoan illness of cattle in tropical regions that poses a severe economic loss to dairy farmers in the form of production loss and mortality. We designed and optimized a multiplex real-time PCR by using Taq-Man® probe for detection and quantification of Theileria orientalis and Theileria annulata simultaneously by targeting 18 s rRna and MPSP (surface merozoite protein) genes, respectively. Fifty-five EDTA blood samples from clinically Theileria–suspected cows of three Theileria–endemic districts of Odisha were processed using acridine dye based fluorescent microscopy, Giemsa staining, and PCR. PCR revealed T. annulata and T. orientalis in 11/42 (26.11%) and 24/42 (57.14%) cases, respectively. Mixed infection due to both the Theileria spp. was recorded in 7/42 (16.66%). On comparison with gold standard test (PCR), the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 92.72, 95.12, and 85.71% for Giemsa staining and 96.36, 97.56, and 92.85% for acridine orange dye. Multiplex real time PCR using Taq-Man probe detected two species of T. annulata and T. orientalis simultaneously. Acridine dye based fluorescent microscopy is comparatively easy and rapid method in detection of Thelieria spp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
43. Phytochemical Analysis (LC-MS) of Azadirachta Indica Ethanolic Extract, Antioxidant, Anticancer, in Vitro Wound Healing Activity, and Immunomodulatory Effects of Azadirachta Indica Ethanolic Extract.
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Thavamani, Loganathan, Selvaraj, Palanisamy, R., Muarali, Vijayakumar, Natesan, Vijayakumar, Periyasamy, Aruna, Kotakonda, Muddukrishnaiah, and Kallungal, Sirajudheen Mukriyan
- Subjects
NEEM ,HEALING ,STEARIC acid ,ACRIDINE orange ,MASS spectrometry ,METHYL formate - Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the medicinal attributes of the ethanolic extract obtained from Azadirachta indica (A. indica) leaves collected from the Jamia Salafiya Pharmacy College campus in Malappuram District, Kerala, South India. The plant was meticulously identified by Dr. Samuel Thavamni B, a plant pharmacognosy specialist. The ethanolic extraction process was performed using the Soxhlet method. Phytochemical analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass and Mass spectroscopy). The in vitro antioxidant, MTT ((3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay, Apoptosis, and Immunomodulatory activity of ethanolic A. indica were evaluated. The extraction resulted in a semi-solid, dark-coloured extract with a yield of 8.67%. Phytochemical analysis using LC-MS identified key constituents such as octadecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, caryophyllene, 1,4-Eicosadiene, and triacontanoic acid, methyl ester, known for antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. In vitro antioxidant assays revealed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect, with the A. indica ethanolic extract demonstrating substantial antioxidant capacity (77.81% at 100 µg), comparable to that of ascorbic acid (97.22%). However, the MTT assay indicated a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability, emphasizing the need for caution owing to potential cytotoxic effects. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining provided insights into the induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, highlighting the beneficial effects of the extract on cellular morphology. The scratch wound healing assay suggested the potential of the extract to promote fibroblast migration, implicating its role in enhancing wound healing. Immunomodulatory activity assessment revealed concentration-dependent modulation of immune responses, with the extract demonstrating a notable immunomodulatory effect of 77.81% at 100 µg. These findings shed light on the medicinal potential of A. indica, emphasizing the need for further research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The diverse chemical composition and multifaceted effects of the extract, from antioxidant and cytotoxic activities to immunomodulation and wound healing promotion, underscore its significance in pharmaceuticals and herbal remedies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. One-pot construction of gemcitabine loaded zeolitic imidazole framework for the treatment of lung cancer and its apoptosis induction.
- Author
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Li, Zhan, Du, Tiantian, Yang, Wen, Yi, Shenni, and Zhang, Na
- Subjects
- *
LUNG cancer , *GEMCITABINE , *APOPTOSIS , *ACRIDINE orange , *CANCER treatment - Abstract
The zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF) is a novel metal-organic framework with distinctive properties, including crystalline form, controllable pore size, wide surface area and biocompatibility. ZIF-L is a good candidate for biological applications due to its outstanding thermal and chemical stabilities. The current study aimed to develop gemcitabine (GEM) encapsulated ZIF-L in a single pot and assess its anticancer efficacy against lung cancer. The GEM@ZIF-L nanoparticles were studied using microscopic and spectroscopic measurements. The outcomes of cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) demonstrated that two lung cancer cells were significantly cytotoxic to the IC50 values GEM@ZIF-L in A549 and H1299 cells were 9.12 ± 1.28 µg/mL, 5.47 ± 2.90 µg/mL, respectively. A dose-dependent decrease of lung cancer cells (A549 and H1299) was found using GEM@ZIF-L. Additionally, remarkably induced apoptosis was observed in GEM@ZIF-L, validated by fluorescence staining techniques (including acridine orange and ethidium bromide) (AO-EB and nuclear DAPI staining). The mode of cell death was examined by flow cytometry (dual staining Annexin V-FITC/PI) methods. Further, the ELISA analysis confirmed that GEM@ZIF-L induced apoptosis through caspase activation. The multifunctional GEM@ZIF-L nanoparticles may be suitable for biological applications, as the current work demonstrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. A convergent fabrication of programmed pH/reduction-responsive nanoparticles for efficient dual anticancer drugs delivery for ovarian cancer treatment.
- Author
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Zhang, Haiyan, Yang, Youlin, Chen, Yi, Zhang, Xiahui, and Chen, Xiaopei
- Subjects
- *
OVARIAN cancer , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *DOXORUBICIN , *DRUG delivery systems , *PACLITAXEL , *CANCER treatment , *ACRIDINE orange - Abstract
A nanoparticle-based drug delivery technology could develop combination cancer therapy more effectively. However, because of inadequate drug delivery into tumor cells, the cancer therapeutic efficiency of nanomedicines is diminished. PEGylated poly(α-lipoic acid) copolymers with (mPEG-PLA) were fabricated and used as pH/reductive responsive nanovesicles to administer Gefitinib (GFT) and doxorubicin (DOX) for the treatment of ovarian cancer. The amphiphilic polymers mPEG-PLA may be efficiently incorporated on DOX and GFT to fabricate DOX and GFT coloaded nanoparticles (DOX@GFT-NPs) and self-assembled into an aqueous solution. The DOX@GFT-NPs released more DOX and GFT after being prepared to respond to pH and reduction stimuli. The outcomes of confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry findings, the SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells quickly fascinated the dual drugs-coloaded nanoparticles and drugs released intracellularly accumulated. DOX@GFT-NPs triggered cell death and demonstrated synergistic therapeutic benefits in SKOV3 cells. Results showed that the nanoparticles efficiently trigger apoptosis in SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells using morphological staining (acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) and HOECHST 33342 nuclear staining). These outcomes show that using pH and reduction stimuli on mPEG-PLA copolymer to treat ovarian cancer is a promising approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Enhancing temozolomide antiglioma response by inhibiting O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase with selected phytochemicals: in silico and in vitro approach.
- Author
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Vibhavari, R. J. A., Rao, Vanishree, Cheruku, Sri Pragnya, Kumar, B. Harish, Maity, Swastika, Nandakumar, Krishnadas, Kumar, Lalit, Mehta, Chetan Hasmukh, Nayak, Usha, Chamallamudi, Mallikarjuna Rao, and Kumar, Nitesh
- Subjects
- *
O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase , *TEMOZOLOMIDE , *PHYTOCHEMICALS , *QUERCETIN , *ACRIDINE orange , *CATECHIN , *CYTOTOXINS - Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the potential of rutin, catechin, dehydrozingerone, naringenin, and quercetin, both alone and in combination with temozolomide, to inhibit the expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in glioma cells. MGMT has been shown to be a major cause of temozolomide resistance in glioma. Our study used both in silico and in vitro methods to assess the inhibitory activity of these phytochemicals on MGMT, with the goal of identifying the most effective combination of compounds for reducing temozolomide resistance. After conducting an initial in silico screening of natural compounds against MGMT protein, five phytochemicals were chosen based on their high docking scores and favorable binding energies. From the molecular docking and simulation studies, we found that quercetin showed a good inhibitory effect of MGMT with its high binding affinity. C6 glioma cells showed increased cytotoxicity when treated with the temozolomide and quercetin combination. It was understood from the isobologram and combination index plot that the drug combination showed a synergistic effect at the lowest dose. Quercetin when combined with temozolomide significantly decreased the MGMT levels in C6 cells in comparison with the other drugs as estimated by ELISA. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased significantly in the temozolomide–quercetin group indicating the potency of quercetin in decreasing the resistance of temozolomide as confirmed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Our experiment hence suggests that temozolomide resistance can be reduced by combining the drug with quercetin which will serve as an effective therapeutic target for glioblastoma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Triethyl phosphine decorated cerium oxide nanoparticles exhibit selective killing of the unicellular protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani.
- Author
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Yadav, Nisha, Sharma, Kikku, Sengupta, Souvik, and Singh, Sanjay
- Subjects
- *
LEISHMANIA donovani , *CERIUM oxides , *PHOSPHINE oxides , *POOR communities , *ACRIDINE orange , *PHOSPHINE , *CELL death - Abstract
Globally, Leishmaniasis affects underprivileged communities of the nations and chemotherapy remains one of the preferred treatment options. However, the cytotoxicity, side effects, and cost of the present chemotherapies limit their utilization. Auranofin [an organogold compound having significant structural similarity with triethyl-phosphine (TEP)] has been reported as an effective therapy for Leishmaniasis treatment. Considering the high cost of gold and the strong affinity of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) to phosphine ligands, we designed TEP-decorated CeNPs (CeNPs-TEP) and used them as a novel antileishmanial agent. The hydrodynamic size of synthesized CeNPs and CeNPs-TEP was observed to be 22.2 ± 3.7 nm and 92.11 ± 6.2 nm, respectively. CeNPs-TEP provided aqueous stability to TEP as TEP alone is extremely unstable in water. Exposure of CeNPs-TEP showed ~ 60 and ~ 82% cell death in Leishmania donovani Ag83 promastigotes after 24 and 48 h, respectively. The same concentration of CeNPs-TEP did not affect the cellular viability of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells significantly. The oxidative stress and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane were also observed after the treatment of CeNPs-TEP. Exposure of CeNPs-TEP induced a ~ 2.2-fold increase in ROS generation inside Leishmania donovani Ag83 cells. Dual staining with ethidium bromide and acridine orange reveals that these processes ultimately result in cell death. The results conclude that a combination of CeNPs and TEP could open the door for developing novel antileishmanial therapeutics in the future. Highlights: TEP-decorated CeNPs (CeNPs-TEP) have been synthesized and used as an antileishmanial agent. CeNPs-TEP resulted in a good antileishmanial effect without affecting the cellular viability of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. ROS generation leads to cell death in Leishmania donovani Ag83 promastigotes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Corilagin Induces ROS-mediated Apoptosis and Triggers Cell-Cycle Arrest at G0/G1 Stage in Osteosarcoma Cells.
- Author
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Liu, Jichao, Yang, Dong, and Liu, Jianyu
- Subjects
- *
ELLAGITANNINS , *OSTEOSARCOMA , *APOPTOSIS , *REACTIVE oxygen species , *BONE cancer , *ACRIDINE orange , *CELL cycle regulation - Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is an extremely aggressive primary bone cancer (BC) malignancy. A variety of malignancies can develop in the bones, including BC. Primary BCs are tumors that start in the bone. Bones can also become affected by tumors that start in the body's organs or other tissues. Objectives: Several reports suggested that corilagin (CL) exerts anticancer properties on various kinds of tumor cells; however, its molecular action on OS cells remains undefined. Materials and Methods: The CL activity of OS cells' cytotoxicity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), apoptosis, and cell-cycle distribution was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), Rh-123, acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and flow cytometry analysis. Results: Results revealed that CL could suppress OS cell proliferation via enhanced intracellular ROS, and MMP loss, and triggered apoptosis in a dose-dependent has an inferior manner. Our findings demonstrated that CL alleviates U2OS and MG-63 cell proliferation by the ROS-mediated apoptosis, which triggers G0/G1 cell-cycle arrest. Conclusion: Thus, CL might be a protective therapeutic agent against BC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Cellular consequences triggered by ketamine on exposure to human glioblastoma epithelial (LN‐229) cells.
- Author
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Megha, Kizhakkepurakkal B. and Mohanan, Parayanthala V.
- Subjects
KETAMINE ,CELL death ,CELL migration inhibition ,GLIOBLASTOMA multiforme ,ACRIDINE orange ,LACTATE dehydrogenase ,ANESTHETICS - Abstract
Ketamine is generally a noncompetitive N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that interrelates with various other receptors, contributing to a wide range of actions. They are mainly approved as a general anesthetic, but a low dose of ketamine is applied for pain management, depression, and as analgesics. However, there is a significant concern regarding the long‐term usage as antidepressants and as an abused drug. The study mainly aims to exhibit the possible long‐term side effects of ketamine as an antidepressant and in recreational users. The study explores the in vitro cytotoxicity revealed on LN‐229 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. According to the cell viability assays, there is a dose‐dependent response toward ketamine. Morphological and nuclear integrity was changed on exposure and assessed using Giemsa, Rhodamine phalloidin, 4',6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI), and Acridine orange staining. The apoptotic cell death marked by nuclear condensation, Lactate dehydrogenase leakage, pro‐inflammatory cytokine (interleukin [IL]‐β) release, and inhibition of cell migration was observed. The study highlights the importance of nonanesthetic usage of ketamine, which can lead to severe adverse side effects on long‐term exposure rather than a single exposure as an anesthetic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Cytological assessments and a methodological approach to observe the apoptotic effect of nickel sulfate (NiSO4) on Allium cepa L. root germination using EB/AO fluorescence staining
- Author
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Fulya D. GÖKALP, Didar GÜZEY, Mihriban ABIS, and Özgür MERT
- Subjects
acridine orange ,Allium cepa ,apoptosis ,ethidyum bromide ,nickel ,nuclear abnormalities ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Ethidium bromide–acridine orange (EB/AO) is one of the fastest, most economically valid methods for separating living and dead cells in plant root tips. The present study aimed to investigate the apoptotic effect, nuclear abnormalities and cell division index using an Allium cepa test assay with EB/AO staining and an ImageJ program. Nickel sulphate (NiSO4) concentrations (1.75, 3.5, 7 and 14 ppm) were exposed to the root germination of A. cepa for 48 and 72 h to observe mitotic abnormalities, cytotoxic effects and 5-day exposure to apoptotic effects. It was found that amorphous nuclei, vacuolisation and C-mitosis were the most observed abnormalities, which increased at 14 ppm NiSO4 exposure after 48 and 72 h. The total number of nuclear abnormalities significantly increased at all concentrations and exposure periods. The ImageJ program was used to determine apoptosis rates. The data obtained showed that high concentrations of NiSO4 caused significantly more cell death in root tips than in the control group, resulting in root growth inhibition and increased apoptosis with increased concentration and exposure period. NiSO4 caused toxic activity on root growth, identified as apoptosis, especially at the cortex and vascular region in the root tips. The study found affected damaged and apoptotic areas on the root tips using an EB/AO staining method, which can be used as a marker of damaged tissue areas.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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