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Background: Cadence-controlled walking may be a desirable approach for older adults to self-monitor exercise intensity and achieve physical activity guidelines. We examined the acute effects of cadence-controlled walking on cognition and vascular function in physically inactive older adults. Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 26 participants (65% females, 67.8 ± 11.3 years) underwent 30-min acute exercise (walking at 100 steps/min) and control (sitting) conditions. We measured cognition, central blood pressure (BP), and arterial stiffness before, and immediately, after each condition. Results: We observed significant Time × Condition interactions in the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention (Flanker) test and Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) test scores, and in central systolic BP, central pulse pressure, and carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (p <.05). The Flanker and DCCS scores significantly increased after walking (d = 0.4 and 0.5, respectively), but not after sitting. Central systolic BP, central pulse pressure, and carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity significantly increased after sitting but remained unchanged after acute walking (d = 0.4–0.2), with p-values <.05. After walking, significant correlations were observed between DCCS and diastolic BP and central pulse pressure change scores and change scores in central pulse wave velocity, Flanker, and DCCS (rs = −0.45 to −0.52). Conclusion: These findings suggest that a single bout of cadence-controlled walking elicited an immediate improvement in cognition and might have mitigated increases in arterial stiffness and central BP observed in the seated control condition. Further research is needed to examine the association between cognition and vascular function following acute exercise compared to control conditions. Significance: Our findings may have practical implications for developing daily physical activity recommendations for improving the cognitive health for successful aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Engagement in sport offers the potential for improved physical and psychological well-being and has been shown to be beneficial for promoting healthy aging. Opportunities for older adults to (re)engage with sport are limited by a paucity of age-appropriate introductory sports intervention programs. As such, the study evaluated the efficacy of a newly designed 8-week badminton training program (Shuttle Time for Seniors) on markers of healthy aging and the lived experiences of participation. Methods: Forty-three older adults assigned to a control (N = 20) or intervention group (N = 23) completed pre–post assessment of physical and cognitive function, self-efficacy for exercise, and well-being. Focus groups were conducted for program evaluation and to understand barriers and enablers to sustained participation. Results: Those in the intervention group increased upper body strength, aerobic fitness, coincidence anticipation time, and self-efficacy for exercise. Objectively improved physical and cognitive functions were corroborated by perceived benefits indicated in thematic analysis. Shuttle Time for Seniors was perceived as appropriate for the population, where the age-appropriate opportunity to participate with likeminded people of similar ability was a primary motivator to engagement. Despite willingness to continue playing, lack of badminton infrastructure was a primary barrier to continued engagement. Conclusion: Shuttle Time for Seniors offered an important opportunity for older adults to (re)engage with badminton, where the physical and psychosocial benefits of group-based badminton improved facets important to healthy aging. Significance/Implications: Age-appropriate introductory intervention programs provide opportunity for older adults to (re)engage with sport. However, important barriers to long-term engagement need to be addressed from a whole systems perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing physical activity (PA) and/or decreasing sedentary behaviors is important in the delay and prevention of long-term conditions. PA can help maintain function and independence and decrease the need for hospitalization/institutionalization. Activity rates often decline in later life resulting in a need for interventions that encourage uptake and adherence through the use of Behavior Change Techniques (BCTs). We conducted a systematic review of the evidence for interventions that included BCTs in community-dwelling adults with a mean age of 50–70. The review followed PRISMA guidelines. The interventions were psychosocial, nonpharmacological, and noninvasive interventions utilizing components based on BCTs that evaluated change in PA and/or sedentary behavior. Intervention Component Analysis (ICA) was used to synthesize effectiveness of intervention components. Twelve randomized controlled trials were included in this review. The mean sample age was 50–64. Thirteen BCTs were used across all studies, and the most commonly used techniques were goals and planning, feedback and monitoring, and natural consequences. Seven intervention components linked with BCTs were found: personalized goal setting, tailored feedback from facilitators, on-site and postintervention support, education materials and resources, reinforcing change on behavior and attitudes, self-reported monitoring, and social connectedness. All components, except for social connectedness, were associated with improved health behavior and PA levels. The interventions that use BCTs have incorporated strategies that reinforce change in behavior and attitudes toward PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with participation of community-dwelling older Australians (≥65 years) in the Exercise Right for Active Ageing program, consisting of 12 low- to moderate-intensity group exercise classes, delivered weekly, in person or online, by accredited exercise scientists and physiologists across Australia. Out of 6,949 participants recruited, 6,626 (95%) attended one or more classes and were included in the primary analysis, and 49% of participants attended all 12 classes. Factors associated with higher class attendance included participation in yoga/flexibility/mobility classes, attendance at a free trial class (adjusted incidence rate ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.05 [1.03, 1.08]), and attending online classes (1.19 [1.11, 1.26]). Factors associated with lower class attendance included state of residence, living in inner regional areas (0.95 [0.93, 0.98]), and having two or more comorbidities (0.97 [0.95, 0.99]). High class attendance suggests that the Exercise Right for Active Ageing program was well received by older Australians, particularly in states less impacted by COVID-19 lockdowns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical function is regarded as the cornerstone of healthy aging, and exercise is an important determinant of healthy aging. This study examined the feasibility and physiological (heart rate, blood pressure, blood lactate, and rate of perceived exertion) and psychological (enjoyment) response resulting from an acute progressive sled-push (SLP) exercise session using the novel XPO Sled Trainer in older adults and compared that with walking (WKC) condition. The exercise session comprised six exercise bouts at 75%, 85%, 100% (2×), and 125% (2×) of normal velocity with a 2-min rest between bouts. Thirty-six older adults were randomly allocated into either the SLP or WKC conditions. No adverse events were observed during the exercise session, and all participants completed the exercise protocol as prescribed. One-third of the participants in the SLP group reported minimal body discomfort. Significantly higher responses were observed for all physiological variables as the intensity of the exercise increased in the SLP group compared with the WKC group (p <.001). The SLP group presented a decline in enjoyment as the intensity of the exercise increased (during), but similar enjoyment level than the WKC group for the overall exercise session (p =.711). Our findings support the viability and safety of SLP exercise using the XPO Sled Trainer in older adults. Such exercise demonstrated an intensity-driven modality that may have potential to elucidate positive adaptations in the cardiovascular system of older adults with acceptable levels of enjoyment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The community restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic adversely impacted older adults' physical activity levels. This convergent mixed-method study assessed the adaptation of the Recreovía, a community-based physical activity program in Bogotá, and characterized physical activity levels among older adult participants. Our results showed how the Recreovía adapted during the pandemic to continue promoting physical activity, through indoor and outdoor strategies, including virtual physical activity sessions and safety protocols. During this time, 72%–79% of the older adults attending the adapted program were physically active. A greater proportion of park users (84.2%) and more people involved in vigorous physical activity were observed during Recreovía days. Older adults had positive experiences and perceptions of the Recreovía program related to their health and social well-being. Even though the older adults prefer being outdoors, the adapted program allowed participants to continue with their physical activity routines as much as possible during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to estimate the extent to which motivational regulations influence physical activity behavior through role identity among people 55 years or older. Participants (N = 409; Mage = 66.29 years [SD = 7.06]) completed online questionnaires to measure motivational regulations, role identity, and the frequency of physical activity in a typical week and in the past month. Mediation analysis using ordinary least squares path analysis revealed that autonomous forms of motivational regulation (positively) and controlled forms of motivational regulation (negatively) influenced role identity, which then positively influenced physical activity behavior. Bootstrap confidence intervals (95%) for the indirect effects (a × b) based on 5,000 bootstrap samples were entirely above or below zero. These findings point to future experimental evaluations of interventions aiming at both increasing and decreasing autonomous and controlled motivational regulations, respectively, to promote physical activity behavior through role identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the relationship between loneliness, sedentary behavior, physical exercise, and social participation in Chinese older adults, and provided ideas to formulate preventive strategies that can help reduce loneliness. Data on demographics, health behavior, social participation, and loneliness were collected from a cross-sectional study of 629 older adults in Hefei, Anhui province, from June to August 2020. After adjusting for age, income, religion, marital status, and chronic illness demographic variables, sedentary behavior (β = 0.111, SE = 0.671, p =.001), physical exercise (β = −0.229, SE = 0.358, p <.001), and social participation (β = −0.329, SE = 0.086, p <.001) were found to be significantly correlated with loneliness in older adults. These findings suggest that a higher level of loneliness may be linked to greater sedentary behavior, less social engagement, and decreased physical exercise among older men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative narrative correspondence study investigates older adults' experiences of physical activity (PA) during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns in Aotearoa, New Zealand. This paper presents a reflexive thematic analysis of 501 letters received from 568 participants that discussed PA. Participants described PA as bringing joy and rhythm to daily life under stay-at-home measures. The most frequently discussed forms of PA included exercising, gardening, and housework. Four interconnected conceptual themes identified were as follows: (a) renegotiating environmental relationships, (b) social connection, (c) pleasure and PA, and (d) navigating active aging discourses. This paper emphasizes the important environmental and social motivations for becoming and remaining physically active despite restrictions on movement. Older adults' understandings and performance of PA were heavily shaped by active aging discourses. As such, we suggest that initiatives seeking to promote PA should foreground older adults' feelings of connection, productivity, and pleasure and recognize their diversity. This is contrary to current recommendations focused on duration or intensity of older adults' PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research evaluates the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) interventions in promoting digital inclusion for older adults with neuromuscular conditions, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 for equitable education. Using a mixed-methods approach, we combined quantitative measures of digital literacy and engagement with qualitative insights into user experiences. The findings reveal statistically significant advancements in digital literacy (p < 0.001) and engagement metrics (p < 0.01), highlighting the transformative potential of adaptive learning platforms, virtual reality applications, and interactive mobile tools tailored for this population. Participants reported increased confidence and empowerment, emphasizing the importance of user-centered design and accessibility in technology development. While the study demonstrates short-term benefits, it acknowledges limitations, including a small sample size (n = 30) and the absence of longitudinal data. Future research should explore scalable implementations and long-term impacts, particularly for broader demographic groups and other disability types. These insights provide actionable recommendations for educators, developers, and policymakers aiming to reduce the digital divide and foster inclusive education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Senior tourists have their own travel behaviors and preferences and require specific resources from the tourism industry and the broader society. This study adopts customer-dominant logic to understand how participating in tourism activities can support seniors in co-creating values toward active aging. Interviews were conducted with 31 senior tourists and 16 tourism and hospitality service providers. Six value themes were identified from the interviews, namely, enjoyment, connectedness, mental vitality, independence, sense of belonging, and self-esteem. The six values were categorized into functional, social, and spiritual dimensions. A value co-creation nexus was developed with continuum- and development-oriented active aging as the two extremes. This nexus highlighted the differentiated efforts exerted by co-creators to create value and identified the value co-creation routines of stakeholders, their corresponding values, and their facilitators. Value co-creation activities were introduced into active aging with tourism as the context. The findings of this study can support the management of tourism services, promote inclusiveness in society, and aid in government policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Person-centered coaching provided by clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) is an effective, acceptable, and feasible evidence-based intervention. Psychosocial distress experienced by older adults and their families during transitions of care can contribute to adverse events. CNS coaching demonstrated increased self-reported preparedness for healthcare transitions and knowledge-of-care options. CNS coaching promoted engagement and self-efficacy. Nurse administrators can incorporate this intervention in a variety of care settings to improve outcomes related to transitions of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although older adults participating in volunteering promotes "active ageing" and reduces social service burden, not many retied people in China participate in volunteering. Utilizing data from semi-structured interviews with 15 retired individuals in Beijing, this research explores the factors influencing their involvement in community volunteer services. Informed by resource theory and social ecological system theory, a hybrid three-level social ecological systems model is developed following thematic analysis. At the micro-level, foundational factors for volunteering are their human capital, including good health status, ample free time, and satisfaction with pensions. At the meso-level, social capital from family and peers provides essential information and support, while a cohesive community environment fostered through community and volunteer management enhances the willingness to volunteer. At the macro-level, CPC ideologies and governmental policies nurture a culture of volunteerism that facilitates community involvement. The study also investigates interactions across these levels: the microsystem and mesosystem mutually enhance human and social capital, whereas the macrosystem and mesosystem reflect the reciprocal influence of cultural on social capital. Recommendations are offered to increase retired people's participation in community volunteering, emphasizing community management and governmental policy adjustments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As global demographic trends shift toward an increasingly aging population, disaster preparedness for older adults has become a major public health concern. This study comprehensively analyzed community-based disaster preparedness targeting older adults in Dusit District, Bangkok, Thailand. The primary objective was to identify and address the specific vulnerabilities of older adults, such as chronic illnesses, mobility impairments, and sensory decline, which amplify their susceptibility during disaster events. Conducted between October 2021 and September 2023, this study employed a cross-sectional descriptive design. A total of 500 participants aged 60 years and above were recruited. This study evaluates disaster preparedness in four critical stages: emergency response, prevention and mitigation, rehabilitation, and preparedness. The findings suggest that although preparedness measures are moderately implemented, the provision of customized support and the development of age-appropriate shelters for older individuals are of paramount importance. Moreover, this study underscores the essential role of community involvement and interagency coordination in enhancing disaster resilience. Therefore, a holistic and integrative approach is required to advance disaster preparedness for older adults. This approach should include personalized support systems, optimized resource allocation, and specialized training programs. Enhancing community disaster preparedness mitigates vulnerability among older adults, thereby improving their safety and overall well-being in disaster scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive impairment, marked by a decline in essential mental aspects such as attention, memory, and problem-solving, is significantly correlated with advancing age. This condition presents a major challenge for the elderly, adversely affecting quality of life, diminishing independence, and imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems. Recent research indicates that vitamin K2 may be vital for preserving brain health and cognitive function. Traditionally recognized primarily for its role in blood coagulation, vitamin K has emerged in recent years as a nutrient with diverse biological effects essential for healthy aging. A growing body of evidence from both observational and interventional studies underscores the pivotal role of vitamin K2 in mitigating arterial calcification. This mechanism may link vascular health to cognitive function, suggesting that vitamin K2 could play a critical role in the prevention of cognitive impairment in aging populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ageing is a multidimensional concept related to the progressive decline in physiological functions. The decrease of physical autonomy due to the ageing process leads to frailty, which in turn is associated with disability and comorbidity. Ageing represents the primary risk factor for chronic degenerative diseases, especially involving cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, and osteoarticular systems, determining the decrease in activities and quality of daily life. Regular physical activity can significantly reduce the risk of chronic degenerative diseases, moderate or severe functional limitations, and premature death in older adults. In light of the relationship between ageing, sedentary lifestyle, disability, comorbidity, and physical activity, a clear need emerges within the health system. Better control on the territory of pathologies related to ageing with the management of clinical and care complexity, multidimensional and multi-professional evaluation of the elderly complex and fragile patient, also through the definition of specific outpatient packages for pathology that allow the simplification of the evaluation process. There is a need for integration between local services, hospitals, and social assistance services. Aim of this review is to highlight the importance of the multidimensional approach is essential to be able to classify the complex elderly patient according to a multi-professional vision aimed at evaluating comorbidities and frailties, including sarcopenia, nutritional deficits, functional capacity, and planning a personalized and monitored motor training program, to improve motor, metabolic, cardiovascular and respiratory functions. In addition, developing an integrated hospital-community-care services management program to follow up with patients post-care is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blink-related oscillations (BROs) are newly discovered neurophysiological brainwave responses associated with spontaneous blinking, and represent environmental monitoring and awareness processes as the brain evaluates new visual information appearing after eye re-opening. BRO responses have been demonstrated in healthy young adults across multiple task states and are modulated by both task and environmental factors, but little is known about this phenomenon in aging. To address this, we undertook the first large-scale evaluation of BRO responses in healthy aging using the Cambridge Centre for Aging and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN) repository, which contains magnetoencephalography (MEG) data from a large sample (N = 457) of healthy adults across a broad age range (18–88) during the performance of a simple target detection task. The results showed that BRO responses were present in all age groups, and the associated effects exhibited significant age-related modulations comprising an increase in sensor-level global field power (GFP) and source-level theta and alpha spectral power within the bilateral precuneus. Additionally, the extent of cortical activations also showed an inverted-U relationship with age, consistent with neurocompensation with aging. Crucially, these age-related differences were not observed in the behavioral measures of task performance such as reaction time and accuracy, suggesting that blink-related neural responses during the target detection task are more sensitive in capturing aging-related brain function changes compared to behavioral measures alone. Together, these results suggest that BRO responses are not only present throughout the adult lifespan, but the effects can also capture brain function changes in healthy aging—thus providing a simple yet powerful avenue for evaluating brain health in aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizen science projects are open and available to anyone to contribute data. The literature concerning volunteered geographic information, however, has demonstrated significant demographic participation biases across time and space. Understanding the significance and impacts of these biases is challenging due to privacy concerns, which lead to the (pseudo-)anonymity of contributors. Using a sample of 265 users, this article statistically analyzes edits to the crowdsourced mapping platform OpenStreetMap to examine the impact of gender and age on spatial and temporal contribution patterns. We find that men aged in the others group (i.e., below twenty-five or over fifty-four) made more contributions during the week and on weekends than those in the economically active age group (i.e., ages twenty-five through fifty-four). Using the Kruskal–Wallis test to compare temporal contributions between gender groups, the economically active group showed a significant gender difference on both weekdays and weekends, as well as the hours of the day, with men making more contributions than women regardless of age category. Men in the others group made the most contributions overall. Calculating the Simpson Index of Diversity for user edits reveals that women have more limited spatial interests (i.e., they contribute to fewer countries) than their male counterparts, suggesting particular spatial preferences by gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aging population represents a formidable global challenge, with China experiencing an accelerated demographic shift. While previous research has established a directional link between mental health literacy, social participation, and active aging, the moderating effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on these associations remains underexplored. This study sought to address this gap by employing moderated network analysis, in contrast to the total score approaches commonly used in prior literature. Methods: A cross-sectional design was implemented, involving 1,032 Chinese individuals aged 60 and above, who completed the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire, Active Aging Scale, Social Participation Questionnaire, and Socioeconomic Status Index Scale. The moderated network method was applied to explore the bidirectional relationships between mental health literacy, social participation, and active aging, while examining the moderating role of SES. Results: The analysis identified the strongest bidirectional relationships between attitudes toward mental illness and the development of spiritual wisdom. Seven interaction terms emerged involving mental health literacy, social participation, and active aging, moderated by SES. Notably, the most significant interaction terms were found between attitudes toward mental illness and engagement in active learning. Conclusions: These results contribute novel insights into the bidirectional relationships among mental health literacy, social participation, and active aging, as well as the role of SES in moderating these relationships. The findings highlight the need for targeted policy interventions to address socioeconomic inequalities in later life, thereby fostering active aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population aging and urbanization are two of the most significant social transformations of the 21st century. Against the backdrop of rapid aging in China, developing age-friendly community environments, particularly through the renovation of legacy residential communities, not only supports active and healthy aging but also promotes equity and sustainable development. This study focuses on residential communities built in the 1980s in Hangzhou, exploring strategies for the age-friendly renovation of outdoor public spaces. The residential communities that flourished during the construction boom of the 1980s are now confronting a dual challenge: aging populations and deteriorating facilities. However, existing renovation efforts often pay insufficient attention to the comprehensive age-friendly transformation of outdoor public spaces within these neighborhoods. Following a structured research framework encompassing investigation, evaluation, design, and discussion, this study first analyzes linear grid layouts and usage patterns of these communities. Then, the research team uses post-occupancy evaluation (POE) to assess the age-friendliness of outdoor public spaces. Semi-structured interviews with elderly residents identify key concerns and establish a preliminary evaluation framework, while a Likert-scale questionnaire quantifies the satisfaction with age-friendly features across four communities. The assessment reveals that key age-friendliness issues, including poor traffic safety, dispersed activity spaces, and insufficiently adapted facilities, are closely linked to the linear usage patterns within the spatial framework of the grid layouts. Based on the findings, the study develops tiered renovation goals, renovation principles and implemented an age-friendly design in the Hemu Community. The strengths, weaknesses, and feasibility of the renovation plan are discussed, while three recommendations are made to ensure successful implementation. The study is intended to provide a valuable reference for advancing age-friendly residential renewal efforts in Hangzhou and contributing to the broader objective of sustainable, inclusive city development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Aging older adults experience psychological anxiety along with declines in physical function, which decreases the level of active aging and physical activity participation. The purpose of this study was to identify the moderating effect of self-efficacy on active aging to improve the occupational participation of community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among older adults in Gwangju and Jeollanamdo using the snowball sampling method. The final sample consisted of 280 adults. The survey included demographic data, the Outpatient Physical Therapy Improvement in Movement Assessment Log, the Anxiety about Aging Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Active Aging Scale, respectively. Using the Hayes PROCESS macro (Models 3.3), moderated effect analyses were performed. Results: A total of 307 participants (aged 65–92 years) and 280 data points were used in the final analysis after excluding 27 incomplete data points. The physical function of older adults has a positive effect on active aging, aging anxiety significantly predicts negative effects, and self-efficacy shows a moderating effect on the relationship between physical function, aging anxiety, and active aging. Conclusions: This study shows the moderating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between physical function, aging anxiety, and active aging in older people. These results suggest that a psychological support program to promote self-efficacy is an important resource as a community support system to prevent decline in occupational participation due to physical function decline and aging anxiety and to improve active aging in older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The older citizens represent a portion of the population that is not only already high but is also expected to increase according to trend analyses from major national and international research reports. The pandemic experience has shown how they feel the scarcity of relationships and the loneliness of their homes as factors that significantly impact the quality of their daily lives. This challenging historical moment has provided an opportunity to implement a series of projects specifically dedicated to those over 65, aiming to ensure a full range of possibilities for them, starting from highly "enabling" processes. In this perspective, the theme of social senior housing and its various manifestations represents a key strategy to counteract relational poverty, toward intervening in the level of social sustainability through multi-actor network pathways that bring together institutions, private entities, third sector, and research centers. The article aims to analyze the potential that the senior cohousing model can offer, as well as the difficulties this type of shared living arrangement faces—moreover when designed specifically for older individuals and supported by public administrations—, and which still makes it an almost experimental experience in Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the accelerated development of the aging trend in Chinese society, the aging problem has become one of the key factors affecting sustainable economic and social development. Given the importance of controlling carbon emissions for achieving global climate goals and China's economic transformation, studying the spatial and temporal effects of population aging on carbon emissions and their pathways of action is of great significance for formulating low-carbon development strategies adapted to an aging society. Objective: This paper aims to explore the spatial-temporal effects of population aging on carbon emissions, identify the key pathways through which aging affects carbon emissions, and further explore the variability of these effects across different regions. The findings will provide theoretical support and empirical evidence for government departments to formulate policies to promote the coordinated development of a low-carbon society and an aging society. Methods: Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2022, this paper systematically investigates the impact of population aging on carbon emission intensity from both spatial and temporal dimensions by using the spatial Durbin model and the mediating effect model. The direct effect of aging on carbon emission intensity, the spatial spillover effect, and the indirect effect through mediating variables such as residents' consumption, environmental regulation, and new urbanization are analyzed in depth. Results: The study found that population aging in China has significant spatial and temporal effects on carbon emissions. From the spatial dimension, there is a significant spatial spillover effect of the effect of aging on carbon emissions, and aging reduces local carbon emissions but increases carbon emissions in adjacent regions. From the time dimension, the effect of aging on carbon emissions shows a stage characteristic, initially it will reduce carbon emissions, but with the deepening of aging, its effect may tend to weaken. In addition, this study identifies a number of key pathways through which aging affects carbon emissions, including reducing residential consumption, promoting new urbanization, and increasing the intensity of environmental regulations. Finally, this study explores the regional heterogeneity of the impact of aging on carbon emissions and its mechanism of action. Conclusion: This study is instructive: first, the complex impact of population aging on carbon emissions should be fully recognized to formulate a comprehensive low-carbon development strategy; second, attention should be paid to the spatial spillover effect of aging on carbon emissions to strengthen inter-regional cooperation and coordination; and lastly, differentiated low-carbon policies should be formulated to address the characteristics of aging in different regions and stages in order to promote the synergistic development of a low-carbon society and an aging society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMaterials and MethodsResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATION FOR REHABILITATIONTo report active and passive hip range of motion (ROM) data for individuals with alkaptonuria (AKU), with consideration for age, sex, and non-AKU comparative data.Using a cross-sectional study design, 123 patients who had baseline ROM assessed in a previous international, multi-centre clinical trial were included. Data was compared between age groups, sexes, and with existing data from individuals without AKU. Data was analysed using a one-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and one-sample t-test, with results interpreted using partial eta squared and standardised mean differences (SMD).Differences were observed across the age groups for active and passive flexion (F = 3.815, p = 0.006, ηp2 = 0.115) and active hip abduction (F = 1.941, p = 0.108, ηp2 = 0.062). Differences between sexes ranged from trivial-to-large (SMD = 0.03 to 1.90), with variability  evident across the age groups. Individuals with AKU were within the lower range of scores observed for healthy adults in flexion (t = −8.545 to −3.166, p = 0.010 to <0.001) and abduction (t = −20.830 to −0.737, p = 0.478 to <0.001).Our results provide insight into the clinical value of ROM with consideration for age, sex and normative data as a determinant of disease progression and functional ability within individuals with AKU.Range of movement assessment could be used in clinical practice as an early indicator of disease activity and functional ability in individuals with alkaptonuria (AKU).Insight into natural history of range of motion (ROM) with reference to AKU, sex, and age can inform long-term management and rehabilitation strategies in this patient population to minimise loss of ROM and function early in the life course.The pathophysiology underlying loss of joint range, including ochronotic changes to cartilage, tendons and ligaments, should be considered within rehabilitation strategies.Range of movement assessment could be used in clinical practice as an early indicator of disease activity and functional ability in individuals with alkaptonuria (AKU).Insight into natural history of range of motion (ROM) with reference to AKU, sex, and age can inform long-term management and rehabilitation strategies in this patient population to minimise loss of ROM and function early in the life course.The pathophysiology underlying loss of joint range, including ochronotic changes to cartilage, tendons and ligaments, should be considered within rehabilitation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Unidimensional measures of sexual and gender identity are most often used in research. Yet, sexuality and gender are defined by complex characteristics. Guided by the Health Equity Promotion Model, we assess multidimensional properties of sexual and gender identity. Methods: This study utilizes 2016 survey data from Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study (NHAS) to investigate properties of identity (affirmation, visibility, centrality, integration, congruence, continua, transformation) and their association with multimorbidity, disability, general health, depression, quality of life among SGM adults (N = 2233), 50 and older. Results: Higher affirmation, centrality, congruence, and transformation were associated with better health, while identity integration and continua were associated with some adverse health outcomes. Bisexual men, sexually diverse and transgender individuals had the lowest identity centrality and visibility. Discussion: The findings necessitate a multidimensional approach to identity and the use of measures that are comprehensive and responsive to sexual and gender diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the sex-specific impact of marital trajectories among older adults on successful aging to help social workers identify those most at risk for sub-optimal outcomes who may benefit from targeted interventions. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to investigate 7641 older Canadians who were classified as 'aging successfully' in the baseline wave of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Men who were continuously married, continuously widowed, or became married between the waves were more likely to age successfully than their never-married counterparts. For women, marital trajectories played a modest role. Social work interventions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthy aging affects the linguistic and cognitive abilities involved in narrative production. However, few studies provided a comprehensive assessment of narrative skills in aging and their association with cognitive and Theory of Mind (ToM) functions. We explored how aging influences narrative skills, at both micro- (i.e. lexical and grammatical) and macrolinguistic (i.e. pragmatic and discourse) levels. Sixty healthy adults divided into three age-groups (20–40, 65–75, 76–86 years old) were administered tasks assessing narrative production skills, executive functions (EFs), and ToM. A network approach was used to explore how micro- and macrolinguistic skills were associated to different cognitive and ToM functions. The analyses revealed age-related effects on various aspects of language production, including phonology, semantic retrieval, sentence complexity, coherence, cohesion, and lexical informativeness. Moreover, a significant relationship was found between linguistic measures, ToM skills and cognitive functions such as working and long-term memory and inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intergenerational (IG) practices foster understanding among diverse age groups, enhancing active ageing and social cohesion. Universities, as key stakeholders in lifelong learning, are pivotal in IG initiatives. Hence, this study investigates IG practices, rooted in project-based learning and co-management, in an international collaboration of universities. It explores participants' views on IG learning experiences, emphasising generational perspectives and institutional situatedness. The research was conducted in 2022/2023 across Central and Eastern European universities, involving 45 participants (25 older learners, 20 students). Focus group interviews were employed, using a hybrid deductive-inductive approach. Results reveal age-related differences in IG learning perceptions: younger participants emphasised self-expression and connections, while older adults reported view changes about younger generations. Project-based collaboration and effective communication were key facilitators. Institutional situatedness was also identified as a relevant perspective. Participants at Mendel University emphasised the social engagement of older adults; at Eötvös Loránd University, the focus was on the choice of topics and roles; while at University of Split, there was an emphasis on fostering creativity and cooperation. The study thus underscores IG learning's complexity and advocates for inclusive IG practices in universities, leveraging project-based and co-management principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Befriending services are often delivered to older adults with a view to improving social connectedness, but they may also lead to improved health. The objective of the current study was to explore potential mechanisms through which befriending services might impact the health of older adults. Data were collected from 13 befriendee-befriender dyads (n = 26), using a constructivist grounded theory and dyadic analytic approach. Potential mechanisms were described, using a realist evaluative framework of mechanistic processes in a complex intervention context. Five mechanisms of action triggered by the intervention were identified: supporting health behaviours; providing emotional support; improving mood; getting cognitive stimulation and novelty; and providing opportunities for socialising. We identified five potential mechanisms through which befriending services might impact health for older people. Our results suggest potential mechanisms through which befriending might positively impact the health of older people, and which should be evaluated empirically in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: It was aimed to explore the relationship between successful aging and self‐neglect and factors affecting successful aging among community‐dwelling older people. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted with 316 participants aged 60 years and older in a Family Health Center (FHC). The data were collected by using the questionnaire form, Successful Aging Scale and Self‐Neglect Scale. The questionnaire form includes sociodemographic characteristics, independence (Katz Daily Life Activities Scale) and well‐being status (WHO‐5 Well‐Being Index), psychosocial support (Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale), and depressive symptoms (two questions‐complaints such as feeling depressed or hopeless and loss of interest and inability to enjoy life). Results: Participants had a mean age of 67.5 (SD: 6.5) years, 55.4% were female. A strong positive correlation was determined between successful aging score and self–neglect score (r = 0.741, p < 0.001). Factors affecting successful aging were age, working status, education level, body mass index, physical activity, subjective health perception, health screening status, self‐neglect level, depressive symptoms, independence in activities, well‐being status, and psychosocial support. Gender, income status, chronic disease presence, cigarette and alcohol use, living alone, and family type did not affect it. According to multivariate linear regression, the factors affecting successful aging were age, psychosocial support presence, and self‐neglect level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Older people have low successful aging and self‐neglect scores. Successful aging is better at a young age, in the presence of psychosocial support and a low level of self‐neglect. It is recommended to increase the existence of psychosocial support for them and to plan interventions to reduce self‐neglect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the relationships between aging attitudes and the outcomes of successful aging, including whether aging attitudinal types moderate psychological adjustment in the context of medical and mental health diagnoses. Methods: In total, 409 community-dwelling women aged 40–79 years in Australia completed the Reactions to Aging Questionnaire (RAQ), Geriatric Depression Scale, Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory. Information about medical and mental health diagnoses were collected. Results: Overall, aging attitudes and all three RAQ subscales were negatively correlated with scores on measures of depression and anxiety, and number of medical diagnoses. Attitudinal types toward aging were found to moderate the relationship between the number of mental health diagnoses and scores on the psychological measures of depression but not anxiety. Unique RAQ domain-specific relationships were found with the number of mental health diagnoses. Conclusions: The findings support the link between aging attitudes and psychological outcomes, the potential clinical value of RAQ attitudinal typologies classification as well as a multidimensional conceptualization of aging attitudes. Clinical Implications: The findings reinforce the need for efforts to reduce ageism on a societal level, as well as informing clinical decision-making with older clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to explore the learning of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), specifically the use of mobile phones, in older adults committed to active aging. It is recognized that learning is a continuous process throughout life, through which new knowledge is integrated into previous schemes, allowing the construction of new knowledge. This study was developed through a qualitative approach using the constant comparative method for data analysis, under the grounded theory design. Semi-directed interviews were carried out with a theoretical sample of 10 older adults (ages between 60 and 95 years) participating in workshops on the use of ICTs in the Association of Retirees and Pensioners, a club and a protected workshop in AMBA, Buenos Aires. The research results suggest that learning technology has a significant impact on the active aging of older adults, facilitating their integration into contemporary digital society. Additionally, the technologies of the R-relationship are explored, a concept that integrates the relational aspect with technology, and the approach of Educommunication through educational intervention in the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Partnership status among sexual minority men (SMM) is a potentially important yet underexplored predictor of cognitive functioning. Using data from the understanding patterns of healthy aging among men who have sex with men substudy of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, we assessed the associations of partnership status and quality with cognitive performance in middle-aged and older SMM, adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical covariates. Partnership status was classified into four types: "only a primary partnership," "only a secondary partnership," "both a primary and secondary relationship," and "neither a primary nor secondary relationship." Partnership quality was assessed based on perceived support or strain from partners. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the z-scores on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Trail Making Test Parts A (TMT-A) and B (TMT-B), and a composite Z-score that summed the SDMT, TMT-A, and TMT-B z-scores. Among 1067 participants (median age 60, 85.7% college educated), having a primary partner was associated with better cognitive performance (Z-score composite β ^ = 0.41 [95% CI 0.12–0.70]), TMT-A ( β ^ = 0.16 [95% CI 0.02–0.30]), and TMT-B ( β ^ = 0.19 [95% CI 0.06–0.33]). Support from secondary partners was also linked to better cognition. Additionally, there was a significant interaction between partnership and HIV status, indicating that SMM with HIV and both primary and secondary partners showed better cognitive outcomes than unpartnered SMM with HIV. These findings suggest that having a primary partner and receiving support from secondary partners may contribute to better cognitive health among middle-aged and older SMM, especially those with HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asset accumulation in later life is a pressing issue in Japan due to the growing gap between life expectancy (87.14 years for women, 81.09 years for men in 2023) and the retirement age (65 or less). This gap heightens financial insecurity, emphasizing the need to meet asset goals by 65. Hyperbolic discounting, driven by present-biased preferences, often hinders this process, but empirical evidence for those aged 65 and older remains limited. Moreover, prior research has overlooked the varying impacts of hyperbolic discounting across different wealth levels. This study addresses these gaps by analyzing data from 6709 active Japanese investors aged over 65 (2023 wave) using probit regression. Wealth thresholds are categorized into four levels: JPY 20 million, JPY 30 million, JPY 50 million, and JPY 100 million. The results show that hyperbolic discounting significantly impairs asset accumulation at the JPY 100 million level but not at lower thresholds. This effect likely reflects the complex nature of hyperbolic discounting, which primarily affects long-term savings and investments. The findings underscore the importance of addressing hyperbolic discounting in later-life financial planning. Recommendations include implementing automatic savings plans, enhancing financial literacy, and incorporating behavioral insights into planning tools to support better asset accumulation outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The goal of this study was to assess changes in eating self-efficacy after participating in a brief psychoeducational group intervention, grounded in the cognitive-behavioral model, delivered by dieticians in community-based health facilities. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental, pre-post design. A total of 110 program participants took part in the study. They were asked to complete the Eating Self-Efficacy Scale before the start of the intervention, at the end of the intervention, and three months after the intervention ended. Data were analyzed using the Linear Mixed Model. Findings: Participants' personal sense of control over their eating behaviors significantly increased after they completed the program and continued to increase up to the three-month follow-up. The effect of the intervention remained significant after controlling for differences in age and whether participants had access to other forms of individual support or completed the follow-up during the COVID-19 general lockdown. Practical implications: By promoting participants' sense of eating self-efficacy, this intervention could lead to positive dietary changes, which in turn could promote better health and healthy aging. Social implications: This community intervention is readily accessible and represents a cost-effective approach to promote healthy eating, reducing the risk of chronic disease and the need for medical care, thereby cutting costs for the healthcare system. Originality/value: (1) This study addresses a gap in the scientific literature as there was limited published research to date that investigated this intervention. (2) The three-month follow-up made it possible to evaluate whether changes in eating self-efficacy were maintained over time. (3) Potential confounding variables, including age, having access to other forms of individual support and the COVID-19 general lockdown, were taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to compare the physical fitness test results of Japanese children in 2008 and 2018 to narrow the gap between life expectancy and healthy life expectancy and extend healthy life expectancy. In addition, this paper sought to explore the potential of implementing health education programs as a new social context to promote race equality and human rights in health and social care. Design/methodology/approach: This study was conducted in 2008 and 2018 in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Physical fitness tests related to growth and development were administered to participants aged 6–17 years. Findings: Physical fitness measurements in 2018, specifically those for walking ability and endurance, were significantly inferior to those in 2008. In a gender-specific analysis, boys outperformed girls in muscle strength, muscle endurance, walking ability and endurance tests, while girls outperformed boys in the balance test. Research limitations/implications: Most of the junior and senior high school students who participated in the EO test exceeded the upper limit of 120 s, suggesting that the load of the measurement method is low and improvement is necessary. In 2018, a large variation in 6M results was observed among participants, possibly due to the differences in the level of seriousness during the 6M test. Therefore, to ensure that junior and senior high school students properly perform the EO and 6M tests, it is necessary to devise an effective method of implementation, such as changing the physical fitness test load. Originality/value: Mere health education is ineffective to address health inequalities. Addressing structural factors is essential to avoid unintended consequences such as increasing the gap between groups of people. However, one way to extend healthy life expectancy is to improve overall health, including differences in the health status of groups due to differences in region and socioeconomic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to examine the individual's perspective on healthy aging through exercise. Individuals aged 18–60 years who have been physically active for at least one year were included in this study. The study focused on the exercise behaviors of young and middle‐aged individuals through photographs. The photovoice method was used to discover how healthy aging affects exercise behaviors in physically active individuals. Content analysis was used to analyze photographs and the photovoice of the participants. Environmental, psychosocial, and individual themes emerged with the interpretation of the data. According to the results of this study, environmental, psychosocial, and individual factors have been found to be effective for healthy aging. The contribution of exercise to personal development was beneficial in strengthening the network of interpersonal relationships and improving physical and mental health in young and middle‐aged adults. Exercise programs should not be monotonous, and individuals should not depend on a single location for exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: At present, China's elderly population is facing several difficulties. The implementation of active aging is an important initiative in the face of the rapidly developing situation of population aging, among which improving elderly expectations regarding the aging level is the key link to achieving active aging. Improving the quality of life of the majority of elderly individuals is the main goal of active aging. Moreover, increasing the level of expectations regarding the aging of the elderly depends to a large extent on psychological resilience. However, most of the current research related to expectations regarding aging focuses on urban elderly individuals and pays less attention to the expectations regarding the aging level of rural elderly individuals. It is not yet known how quality of life, psychological resilience, and expectations regarding aging are related among rural elderly individuals. This study focused on the state of expectations regarding aging, psychological resilience, and quality of life among senior citizens living in rural areas, as well as the relationships among these three factors. The goal is to provide a theoretical basis for further targeted interventions and promote active aging in China. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was conducted via convenience sampling of 320 elderly individuals living in four rural areas of Panzhihua, China, from January to May 2024. Questionnaires were used to collect data on the participants' demographic information, the aging expectancy scale (ERA-21), the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10), and a 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12). The data were analysed via SPSS version 26.0 software for descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. In addition, AMOS version 24.0 software was employed for path analysis. Results: The results revealed that Chinese rural elderly individuals have low expectations regarding aging, moderate levels of psychological resilience, and moderate levels of quality of life. There were positive relationships between expectations regarding aging and quality of life (r = 0.631, p < 0.01), positive relationships between expectations regarding aging and psychological resilience (r = 0.261, p < 0.01), and psychological resilience in terms of quality of life (r = 0.334, p < 0.01). Expectations regarding aging play a partial mediating role between psychological resilience and quality of life (β = 0.273, 95% CI, 0.185 ~ 0.381), with an indirect effect accounting for 45.81% of the total effect. Conclusions: Expectations regarding aging play a partial mediating role in the relationship between psychological resilience and quality of life. These findings suggest that grassroots health workers should take an active role in providing health education and psychological counselling, as well as actively working to improve the psychological resilience and health of elderly individuals. They should also be encouraged to actively approach aging and to raise expectations regarding aging. Finally, they should help elderly people maintain a healthy lifestyle and improve their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical activity is important for healthy ageing, however most older adults are inactive. Numerous reviews with a range of inclusion criteria have been conducted on digital interventions to promote physical activity in older adults, and a synthesis of these is needed. Therefore, the objective of this study is to conduct an umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis on the effectiveness of digital interventions to promote physical activity in older adults. Methods: Nine databases were searched from January 2010 to December 2023. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of primary studies using digital physical activity interventions to target healthy older adults or clinical populations of older adults with a self-reported or device measured physical activity outcome were eligible for inclusion. Results: In total, 22 systematic reviews and meta-analyses covering 185 primary research papers were eligible for inclusion. The total number of participants across all primary studies was 28,198. Most (21, 95%) reviews and meta-analyses were rated as having a low or critically low AMSTAR-2 confidence rating. Of the 22 included systematic reviews, 13 (59%) conducted a meta-analysis and 10 (45%) conducted a narrative synthesis. Most systematic reviews with a narrative synthesis found strong evidence for a positive effect or moderate evidence for a positive effect for physical activity outcomes (7/9, 78%) and steps (3/3, 100%). The meta-meta-analysis of primary papers included in meta-analyses demonstrated a significant moderate effect for steps and a significant small effect for total PA and MVPA. The strength of effect did not vary by intervention components (activity tracker, app-based, SMS/phone, web-based, and face-to-face), population (primary or secondary prevention), control group (none, other digital intervention, or non-digital intervention), or outcome measurement (self-reported or device measured). Only 3 (14%) reviews included longer term follow up outcomes after the end of the intervention, with mixed results. Conclusions: Evidence from 22 reviews and meta-analyses suggests that digital physical activity interventions are effective at increasing physical activity in older adults. Further primary research is needed in adults 65 years and over exclusively, and with longer-term follow up of physical activity outcomes. Future reviews should include a published protocol and interpret results according to risk-of-bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intervening to modify frailty trajectories may be critical to maintain health and independence in later life. The Active Ageing Programme (AAP) is a 16-week community-based intervention for older people with mild frailty that combines physical activity and social interaction. The programme aims to positively impact resilience and wellbeing, changing the physical, mental and social factors that impact on frailty trajectories. We conducted a rapid qualitative study with the first cohort to understand the acceptability and feasibility of the AAP. Methods: Purposive sampling was used to identify and recruit staff and participants involved in the AAP for semi-structured interviews. The topic guides covered experiences and perceptions of training and referral, delivery and participation in activities, and benefits and challenges. Data from 20 interviews were analysed using a reflexive thematic approach with inductive coding. The Theoretical Domains Framework prompted consideration of potential individual, social and environmental factors influencing changes in behaviour and practice. Results: Sixteen AAP staff (10) and participants (6) completed interviews. Two themes were developed: combining motivating components; addressing what matters. The AAP brought together a number of components that supported its acceptability and successful implementation by motivating older people and staff and sustaining their engagement. These included the convenient and familiar location, the opportunity to improve physical health (participants) and to gain experience of an activity intervention, training and confidence (staff), and the variety of activities on offer. The programme was perceived to have potential to improve physical and mental health and increase the personal resources (e.g. knowledge, confidence, motivation) of those taking part. Areas identified as important for the AAP's future sustainability and success were: tailoring recruitment practices; enhancing organisational communication; and strengthening support for participants to achieve long-term increased physical and social activity and resilience. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that community-based physical and social activity interventions targeting frailty may be acceptable, feasible and useful. Further work is needed to investigate the impact of such programmes on health and service utilisation. Efforts should be targeted at improving the potential for long-term sustainability of programmes and their impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is been noted that the expression levels of numerous genes undergo changes as individuals age, and aging stands as a primary factor contributing to age-related diseases. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether there are common aging genes across organs or tissues, and whether these aging genes play a pivotal role in the development of age-related diseases. Methods: In this study, we screened for aging genes using RNAseq data of 32 human tissues from GTEx. RNAseq datasets from GEO were used to study whether aging genes drives age-related diseases, or whether anti-aging solutions could reverse aging gene expression. Results: Aging transcriptome alterations showed that brain aging differ significantly from the rest of the body, furthermore, brain tissues were divided into four group according to their aging transcriptome alterations. Numerous genes were downregulated during brain aging, with functions enriched in synaptic function, ubiquitination, mitochondrial translation and autophagy. Transcriptome analysis of age-related diseases and retarding aging solutions showed that downregulated aging genes in the hippocampus further downregulation in Alzheimer's disease but were effectively reversed by high physical activity. Furthermore, the neuron loss observed during aging was reversed by high physical activity. Conclusion: The downregulation of many genes is a major contributor to brain aging and neurodegeneration. High levels of physical activity have been shown to effectively reactivate these genes, making it a promising strategy to slow brain aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Active aging involves optimizing opportunities to enhance the quality of life in older age. Environmental differences and lifestyle variations between urban and rural areas can significantly affect active aging. This study aimed to compare the indicators of active aging among elderly individuals in urban and rural areas of Behshahr, while also identifying the factors associated with these indicators in 2023. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study employed a proportional quota sampling method to examine 350 elderly individuals from comprehensive health service centers in Behshahr. The tools used included a demographic-social factors form and a 40-item questionnaire on the Iranian Active Aging Index. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 and linear regression tests. Results: The mean age of the elderly participants was 70.96±13.8 years. Among the participants, 52% were men, and 61% were married. The average scores on the Active Aging Index were 111.47±30.48 for urban residents and 93.73±21.66 for rural residents, demonstrating that urban elderly individuals had significantly higher scores than their rural counterparts (P<0.001). Married elderly individuals in both groups scored significantly higher on the Active Aging Index compared to single individuals. Participants with higher education levels and income also achieved significantly greater scores. In contrast, an increase in age and the number of children was associated with a notable reduction in the Active Aging Index score (P<0.05). Conclusion: Attention to geographical, cultural, and social differences is crucial when formulating policies for the elderly. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to develop infrastructure that improves access to health and social services for older adults in rural areas. These findings can guide policymakers in enhancing the quality of life for older adults, highlighting the importance of addressing the unique needs of diverse groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Volunteering is a type of support that provides high motivation and supports social participation during the active aging process without any financial reward. Volunteering services provided by an active older person not only provide free services to the community where needed but also help individuals feel valued by creating a social environment, thereby increasing their resilience. The aim of this study was to determine the views on volunteering in palliative care services among older individuals over the age of sixty who attend the Ege University of the Third Age [U3A] and outline the volunteer profile of older students after receiving palliative care training. Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative research method. The study population consisted of seventy students from the Ege U3A in İzmir who met the inclusion criteria. Before the training, the U3A students were given a brief pre-test about palliative care and volunteering, followed by 2-day, 16 h basic palliative care training. After the training, the students were asked to respond to written questions about volunteering in palliative care, and their responses were collected in their own handwriting. For the data analysis, a thematic content analysis was conducted using MAXQDA 20, a qualitative data analysis program. Results: In this study, the average age of the 70 University of the Third Age students were 67.47 (60–89) years. The participants were 75% women; 85% were married, 40% lived with their spouse, and 37.14% had been students at the University of the Third Age for 3 years. After the thematic analysis, six main themes emerged: physical and social support, educational support, medical/clinical support, financial support, spiritual support, and caregiving for pediatric patients. Conclusions: In our study, it was clearly observed that older students enrolled in the Ege U3A, who had a high potential for volunteering, were willing to work voluntarily in palliative care within the limits of their physical abilities and resources. This research, which aimed to create a volunteer profile in palliative care, allowed older students to find suitable roles for themselves and increased their motivation to provide this unpaid service. Based on this, it aimed to establish an effective start and an encouraging practice for the development of a pilot study, which is needed for Türkiye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]