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Simple Summary: Acute jaundice, a critical problem after living donor liver transplantation, often required efforts to discriminate its etiologies. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs, which express differently during disease development. To differentiate the etiology of acute jaundice after living donor liver transplantation, we examined hepatic microRNA expression patterns in several liver graft pathologies. Eighty liver transplant recipients undergoing post-transplant liver graft biopsy for the evaluation of acute jaundice were enrolled in this one-year prospective study. Using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction profiling assay, we identified intra-graft microRNA (microRNA-122, microRNA-301, microRNA-133a, and microRNA-21) signatures in various allograft pathologies (37 recipients with acute cholangitis, 20 recipients with acute rejection, 12 recipients with recurrent hepatitis, 6 recipients with non-specific pathological change and 5 recipients with fatty change). In acute cholangitis, intra-graft microRNA-122, microRNA-301, and microRNA-21 significantly down-regulated; in acute rejection, intra-graft microRNA-122 significantly up-regulated and intra-graft microRNA-133a significantly down-regulated; in recurrent hepatitis, intra-graft microRNA-122, microRNA-301, and microRNA-21 remarkably up-regulated; and in fatty change, only intra-graft microRNA-133a up-regulated in significance. Our study suggests that specific intra-graft microRNA expression patterns as a checklist may be helpful for differential diagnosis of acute jaundice etiologies following living donor liver transplantation. Background: Acute jaundice remains a critical problem following liver transplantation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in regulating gene expression related to various disease phenotypes and statuses. Aims: To differentiate acute jaundice etiology after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), we examined the hepatic miRNA expression patterns in several liver graft pathologies. Methods: Eighty liver transplant recipients undergoing post-LDLT graft biopsy for the evaluation of acute jaundice were enrolled in this 1-year prospective study. Using a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction profiling assay, we identified hepatic miRNA (miRNA-122, miRNA-301, miRNA-133a, and miRNA-21) signatures in various allografts pathologies. Results: Pathologic findings of the 80 recipients were as follows: acute cholangitis (AC), 37 (46%); acute rejection (AR), 20 (25%); recurrent hepatitis (RH), 12 (15%); non-specific pathological change, 6 (8%); and fatty change (FC), 5 (6%). None of these identified hepatic miRNAs expression pattern was significantly correlated with serum parameters, including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. In AC, hepatic miRNA-122, miRNA-301, miRNA-133a, and miRNA-21 expression was significantly downregulated (p < 0.05). MicroRNA-122 expression was elevated in cases of AR and RH (p < 0.05); miRNA-301 and miRNA-21 expression was higher in RH than in AC (p < 0.05); and miRNA-133a expression was higher in FC than in AR (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our study suggests that specific hepatic miRNA expression patterns as a checklist may be useful for differential diagnosis of acute jaundice following liver transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. In the last 10 years in the treatment of acute jaundice, developed on a background of malignant tumors of the pancreatobiliary zone (PBZ), more preferred method is endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage.Material and methods. From January 2007 to July 2012 in the clinic of hospital surgery N. 2 PRNMU endoscopic biliary stenting was performed in 441 patients. Of these, 324 (73.5%) stenting fell to 234 patients with a tumor of the extrahepatic bile ducts. The diagnostic program included ultrasonography, computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography.Results. Installing of bilioduodenal stent in 223 patients (95.3%) was generated after the pre-endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST). The adequacy of the biliary drainage after produced in the required amount of biliary stent placement was achieved in all patients. In 46 cases, execute the biliary tract prosthesis failed. Complications of endoscopic interventions presented with acute pancreatitis, cholangitis, bleeding from the area of EPST, perforated duodenal wall and migration of the stent were in 19 cases (5?9%). Postoperative mortality was 3?8%. 7 patients (3%) died after the endoscopic decompression of the biliary tract. After stenting in all patients with jaundice it was resolved or significantly reduced. In 185 of them (79%) was the definitive guide endoscopic treatment because of severity of tumor process. In cases of jaundice reccurence endoscopic stent recanalizing or replacement were performed. In the remaining cases (21%) patients after the resolution of jaundice decompressive surgical intervention were done.Conclusion. The method of endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage allows you to prepare patients with obstructive jaundice for surgical intervention, including the radical. The frequency of complications after endoscopic retrograde operations on the major duodenal papilla for acute jaundice blastomatous origin did not differ from that after the standard retrograde interventions and was 6%.

Background/Aim: It has been recently demonstrated that acute obstructive jaundice is associated with modifications in the renal expression and function of organic anion transporters such as Oat1, Oat3, Oatp1 and Mrp2. This study examined the expression and function of bilitranslocase in liver and kidney from rats with bile duct ligation (BDL). Methods: Bilitranslocase expression was evaluated in renal homogenates (H), renal basolateral plasma membranes (KBLM) and liver plasma membranes (LPM) by immunoblotting. Bilitranslocase function was studied by measuring the kinetic parameters of electrogenic bromosulfophthalein (BSP) uptake in KBLM and LPM by a spectrophotometric technique. Results: An increased abundance of bilitranslocase in KBLM without modifications in renal H and in LPM from BDL rats was observed compared with Sham rats. BDL rats showed a higher Vmax for BSP uptake in KBLM. No differences between groups were observed for Michaelis-Menten parameters in LPM. Conclusion: The higher renal expression and function of bilitranslocase in renal basolateral membranes from rats with obstructive cholestasis might also contribute to the dramatic increase in BSP renal excretion observed in this experimental model. This would be another compensation mechanism to overcome the hepatic dysfunction in the elimination of organic anions. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]