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Background: Subarachnoid blockade with local anaesthetics provide intense analgesia by segmental blockade of central neural axis but the duration is short lasting. Various drugs are administered intrathecally along with local anaesthetics to prolong the duration of action. Present study was aimed to study effects of intrathecal clonidine as an adjuvant with 0.5 % hyperbaric bupivacaine in vaginal hysterectomy under spinal anaesthesia at a tertiary hospital. Material and Methods: Present study was prospective, randomized double-blind, controlled, single center study, conducted in patients of age 45 - 65 years, normotensive, ASA grade I and II, scheduled for vaginal hysterectomy under spinal anaesthesia. Results: In this study 40 patients were enrolled. Hemodynamic variables (Pulse rate, systolic blood pressure & diastolic blood pressure) were studied. In present study, we noted that duration of onset to peak sensory block was 5.45 ± 0.50 min, duration of onset to motor block was 7.05 ± 0.22 min, duration of sensory block was 189.80 ± 6.49 min, duration of motor block was 247.28 ± 8.42 min & mean duration of post-operative analgesia was 495.93 ± 22.43 min. Number of analgesic injections required were 3 in majority patients. Visual analogue scale score was 0 at 1 hr., 2 hr., 3 hr. & 4 hr. while at 6 hr., 8 hr., 10 hr., 12 hr., 18 hr. & 24 hrs. median VAS was < 5. Bradycardia was noted in one patient and hypotension occurred in two patients, which were managed effectively. Overall incidence of side effects was low. Conclusion: Clonidine is a good adjuvant drug and its use intrathecally as an additive to bupivacaine extends the duration of spinal anaesthesia significantly, lowering the need to administer general anaesthesia if duration of surgery is prolonged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer pain is not a homogenous and clearly understood pathological process. The best treatment is a combination of drug and non-drug measures. Pain is divided into visceral, bone or neuropathic pain and has characteristics of continuous or intermittent pain. Cancer bone pain therapy remains centered on strong opioid, radiotherapy and bisphosphonates. Invasive procedures are aimed to improve neurological function, ambulation and pain relief. Solid tumors often demand surgery. Treatment of acute postoperative pain is crucial for the prevention of chronic pain. Chemotherapy and radiation sometimes also cause pain. The management of cancer pain has improved because of rapid diagnosis and treatment, understanding of analgesics and the cooperation of patients and their family. The presence of special pain centers in hospitals also raise standard of cancer pain management. Drug therapy with non-opioid, opioid and adjuvant drugs is the base of such management. The side effects must be monitored and timely treated. Methods of regional nerve blockade in pain control are numerous. Placement of epidural, intrathecal and subcutaneous catheters, conductive nerve blocks with continuous delivery of mixed local anesthetics are very successful for selected patients. Conventional physical therapy involving lymphatic drainage is useful. Acupuncture, psychotherapy and similar methods are also applicable.

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen widely attached to the surface of medical instruments, making it one of the most common pathogens of nosocomial infection, and often leading to cross-infection and co-infection. Due to the extensive antibiotic and pan-resistance, A. baumannii infection is facing fewer treatment options in the clinic. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of A. baumannii infection have become a tricky global problem. The requirement for research and development of the new strategy is urgent. Now, non-antibiotic treatment strategies are urgently needed. This review describes the research on A. baumannii vaccines and antibacterial adjuvants, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different candidate vaccines tested in vitro and in vivo, especially subunit protein vaccines, and shows the antibacterial efficacy of adjuvant drugs in monotherapy.

Sorafenib resistance is often developed and impedes the benefits of clinical therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the relationship between sorafenib resistance and tumor immune environment and adjuvant drugs for sorafenib-resistant HCC are not systemically identified. This study first analyzed the expression profiles of sorafenib-resistant HCC cells to explore immune cell infiltration levels and differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs). The prognostic value of DEIRGs was analyzed using Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas. The primary immune cells infiltrated in sorafenib-resistant HCC mice were explored using flow cytometry (FCM). Finally, small-molecule drugs for sorafenib-resistant HCC treatment were screened and validated by experiments. The CIBERSORT algorithm and mice model showed that macrophages and neutrophils are highly infiltrated, while CD8+ T cells are downregulated in sorafenib-resistant HCC. Totally, 34 DEIRGs were obtained from sorafenib-resistant and control groups, which were highly enriched in immune-associated biological processes and pathways. NR6A1, CXCL5, C3, and TGFB1 were further identified as prognostic markers for HCC patients. Finally, nalidixic acid was identified as a promising antagonist for sorafenib-resistant HCC treatment. Collectively, our study reveals the tumor immune microenvironment changes and explores a promising adjuvant drug to overcome sorafenib resistance in HCC.

This study aimed to standardize the clinical application of adjuvant drugs and control the unreasonable increase in drug costs. Management measures were formulated for adjuvant drug utilization by promoting the rational use of adjuvant drugs. The efficacy and economics of the same types of drugs were compared to provide a scientific reference for clinical drug selection. In 2018, the total cost of the use of adjuvant drugs decreased by 7.4117 million renminbi compared with that in 2015. In the first half of 2019, the proportion of revenue from adjuvant drugs decreased by 10.77 % from that in the same period in 2015. From 2015 to 2018, the per capita drug cost of adjuvant drugs gradually decreased and in 2018, this resulted in savings of 568.41 renminbi. Through administrative intervention, prescription review, information management and pharmacoeconomic evaluation, a scientific management system of adjuvant drugs was established to standardize the use of adjuvant drugs and to reduce their cost. The scientific management of adjuvant drugs can avoid unnecessary drug expenses for patients and provide effective reference values for the rational use of adjuvant drugs in hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug survival reflects the real-life efficacy and safety of therapeutic agents. Evidence regarding the durability of adjuvant agents in the treatment of pemphigus is sparse. The aims of this study were to investigate the survival of adjuvant agents used to manage patients with pemphigus, and to identify predictors of treatment dropout. A retrospective population-based cohort study was designed to follow patients with pemphigus managed by adjuvant agents. The study population included 436 patients with pemphigus managed by 608 adjuvant agent courses. The highest median drug survival time was observed for rituximab (43.6 months, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.3–81.9), followed by cyclophosphamide (30.5 months; 95% CI 10.5–50.5), azathioprine (22.9 months; 95% CI 15.6–30.2), and mycophenolate mofetil (20.2 months; 95% CI 10.0–30.4). Compared with azathioprine, cyclosporine (adjusted hazard ratio 2.98; 95% CI 1.57–5.62; p = 0.005) and dapsone (adjusted hazard ratio 1.83; 95% CI 1.07–3.15; p = 0.027) were associated with a significantly increased risk of drug discontinuation. To conclude, rituximab, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil demonstrated better durability, whilst dapsone and cyclosporine were associated with low drug survival and high dropout.

Drug survival reflects the real-life efficacy and safety of therapeutic agents. Evidence regarding the durability of adjuvant agents in the treatment of pemphigus is sparse. The aims of this study were to investigate the survival of adjuvant agents used to manage patients with pemphigus, and to identify predictors of treatment dropout. A retrospective population-based cohort study was designed to follow patients with pemphigus managed by adjuvant agents. The study population included 436 patients with pemphigus managed by 608 adjuvant agent courses. The highest median drug survival time was observed for rituximab (43.6 months, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.3-81.9), followed by cyclophosphamide (30.5 months; 95% CI 10.5-50.5), azathioprine (22.9 months; 95% CI 15.6-30.2), and mycophenolate mofetil (20.2 months; 95% CI 10.0-30.4). Compared with azathioprine, cyclosporine (adjusted hazard ratio 2.98; 95% CI 1.57-5.62; p = 0.005) and dapsone (adjusted hazard ratio 1.83; 95% CI 1.07-3.15; p = 0.027) were associated with a significantly increased risk of drug discontinuation. To conclude, rituximab, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil demonstrated better durability, whilst dapsone and cyclosporine were associated with low drug survival and high dropout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To standardize the adjuvant drugs and strengthen the rational application of adjuvant drugs. METHODS: Since Jul. 2018, the clinical pharmacists and the medical department had jointly participated into the control of adjuvant drugs in Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital ( hereinafter referred to as "our hospital"). The application data of adjuvant drugs in children from our hospital from the third quarter of 2018 to the second quarter of 2019 after intervention were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Through diversity control intervention, the proportion of consumption sum of adjuvant drugs in total consumption sum of drugs in our hospital decreased, from 11. 49% ( 7 402 133. 19 yuan/64 396 414. 32 yuan) in the third quarter of 2018 to 6. 50%( 4 530 593. 23 yuan/69 751 165. 47 yuan) in the second quarter of 2019. The proportion of consumption sum of neurotrophic drugs in total consumption sum of drugs decreased significantly, from 6. 77% ( 4 356 664. 72 yuan/64 396 414. 32 yuan) in the third quarter of 2018 to 4. 38% ( 3 053 004. 97 yuan/69 751 165. 47 yuan) in the second quarter of 2019. The proportion of consumption sum of other drugs in total consumption sum of drugs fluctuated slightly and showed the general decreasing trend. The defined daily dose system of cerebroprotein hydrolysate oral solution was the highest, yet there was no concentration phenomenon. Daily drug cost ( DDC) was calculated according to the defined daily dose ( DDD ) for adults, oxiracetam injection had the highest DDC. DDC was calculated according to the DDD of children in our hospital, and the DDC of creatine phosphate sodium for injection was the highest. CONCLUSIONS: After diversity control, the consumption sum of adjuvant drugs in our hospital is in a significant decreasing tendency, and the fluctuation of various medication data is relatively consistent, yet further control of individual varieties is still needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adjuvant medications can be used to increase the analgesic effect of opioid analgesics, reduce the manifestation of side effects, and also for premedication. This paper provides information on the effect of clonidine, haloperidol, metocloparmide, diazepam, midazolam on opioid analgesics: - morphine and the selective kappa-opioid agonist compound RU-1205. Materials and methods: A probable interaction between RU-1205, morphine and adjuvant drugs in pain behaviors was carried out on the model of somatogenic pain. 95 male mice received either RU-1205 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and morphine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) separately or in combination with haloperidol (0.45 mg/kg, i.p.); midazolam (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.); diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.); metoclopramide (5 mg/kg, i.p.), and clonidine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The analgesic effect was assessed by tail flick test. Registration of the latent period of the reaction was carried out 30, 60 and 90 minutes after the adjuvant drug administration. Results: When studying the interaction with morphine, it was found that clonidine, haloperidol and metoclopramide enhanced the effects; diazepam offset them, and midazolam had no affect on the analgesic properties. In the course of the studies, RU-1205 showed an increase in analgesic activity when combined with clonidine, a slight increase with midazolam, and a decrease when co-administered with diazepam. Haloperidol had no influence on the effect of RU- 1205, while metoclopramide both potentiated and reduced the analgesic effect. Discussion: Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions of RU-1205 with an α2AR agonist, benzodiazepine receptor agonists, D2P antagonist, and σ-receptor blocker were established. Conclusion: The presented data make it possible to more accurately formulate ideas about the localization and action mechanism of the kappa-agonist of opioid receptors, the compound RU-1205. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analgesic properties of opioids make them valuable pharmacologic options for patients with severe post-op pain, but healthcare providers must be cautious due to opioid-related adverse reactions. This article reviews select nonopioid adjuvant and adjunctive medications, as well as select nonpharmacologic therapies, as part of a multimodal approach to postoperative analgesia. The role of nurses in assessing, monitoring, and educating patients is also explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The clinical management of inflammatory pain requires an optimal balance between effective analgesia and associated safety risks. To date, mechanisms associated with inflammatory pain are not completely understood because of their complex nature and the involvement of both peripheral and central mechanisms. This Expert Consensus document is intended to update clinicians about evolving areas of clinical practice and/or available treatment options for the management of patients with inflammatory pain.Method: An international group of experts in pain management covering the pharmacology, neurology and rheumatology fields carried out an independent qualitative systematic literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.Results: Existing guidelines for pain management provide recommendations that do not satisfactorily address the complex nature of pain. To achieve optimal outcomes, drug choices should be individualized to guarantee the best match between the characteristics of the patient and the properties of the medication. NSAIDs represent an important prescribing choice in the management of inflammatory pain, and the recent results on paracetamol question its appropriate use in clinical practice, raising the need for re-evaluation of the recommendations in the clinical practice guidelines.Conclusions: Increasing clinicians' knowledge of the available pharmacologic options to treat different pain mechanisms offers the potential for safe, individualized treatment decisions. We hope that it will help implement the needed changes in the management of inflammatory pain by providing the best strategies and new insights to achieve the ultimate goal of managing the disease and obtaining optimal benefits for patients.Funding: Dompé Farmaceutici SPA and Paolo Procacci Foundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application status of calf spleen extractive injection(CSEI) in Changshu No.1 People’s Hospital(hereinafter referred to as "our hospital"), and evaluate the rationality of the medication, so as to provide reference for rational medication in clinic. METHODS: Retrospective study method was adopted to investigate the medical records of 356 inpatients who used CSEI in our hospital from Jan. to Aug. 2017. The department distribution, age and clinical diagnosis, the usage and dosage of CSEI, the treatment course of medication and combined medication were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 356 patients, the number of cases in oncology department took the lead(188 cases, 52.81%). There were 328 cases(92.13%) aged over 50 years old. A total of 312 cases(87.64%) were clinically diagnosed with tumors. The average course of treatment of CSEI was 4.80 d. All drugs were given by "intravenous drip,once a day". Solvent selection was basically consistent with the drug specification. However, there were still some irrational medications, such as excessive concentration of the drugs. CONCLUSIONS: There are still some irrational phenomena in the application of CSEI in our hospital, and the drug application should be strictly regulated in accordance with the drug instructions in the future, so as to ensure the safe, rational and economical medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of medication intervention on promoting rational drug application, so as to provide reference for further intervention in irrational drug application. METHODS: Multiple medication interventions were adopted to promote rational drug application, and retrospective statistical method was used to collect and analyze the drug application in Peking University Hospital of Stomatology(hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”) during 2015-2017. RESULTS: During 2015-2017, the total consumption sums of our hospital were respectively 31.308 1 million, 30.058 8 million and 28.043 4 million yuan, with the proportions accounted for total hospital income were 3.26%, 2.84% and 2.29%; the consumption sum of adjuvant drugs were respectively 1.850 0 million, 1.162 5 million and 0.841 1 million yuan, with the proportion accounted for total consumption sums were 5.91%, 3.87% and 3.00%, which was in an decreasing trend; the consumption sums of national essential drugs were respectively 4.198 8 million, 4.335 4 million and 4.612 8 million yuan, with the proportion accounted for total consumption sums were 13.41%, 14.42% and 16.45%, which was in an increasing trend; the application of antibiotics was mainly unrestricted-level, with the constituent ratios of DDDs were respectively 94.34% (182 428/193 369), 93.89% (191 028/203 461) and 96.21%(225 440/234 317), the constituent ratios of DDDs of restricted-level antibiotics were respectively 5.60% (10 838/193 369), 6.07%(12 358/203 461) and 3.77% (8 843/234 317), which was in great decreasing in 2017. RESULTS: Medication intervention can relieve expense burden for patients, reduce the application of adjuvant drugs, promote the application of national essential drugs and enhance rationality levels of antibiotics application, which has effectively improved the clinical rational drug application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the application and effects of PDCA cycle management in reducing adjuvant medication. METHODS: PDCA cycle management was adopted to investigate the application of adjuvant drugs, so as to recognize the problems and its causes, set intervention goals and measures, conduct intervention on irrational application of adjuvant drugs. The application of adjuvan drugs and other drug of before(2016) and after(2017) the implementing of PDCA cycle management in Peking University Hospital of Stomatology(hereinafter referred to as "our hospital") were collected and analyzed, so that to evaluate the intervention effects and standardize its measures. RESULTS: After the implementing of PDCA cycle management, the consumption sum of adjuvant drugs and its proportion accounted for the total consumption sum of our hospital were both decreasing by months, the consumption sum of adjuvant drug in 2017 was 841. 1 thousand yuan, which had decreased by 27. 6% from 1 162.5 thousand yuan in 2016,the proportion of the consumption sum of adjuvant drugs accounted for the total consumption sum of our hospital was 3.00%, the consumption sum of adjuvant drug had decreased from 118.3 thousand yuan in Jan. 2017 to 38.3 thousand yuan in Dec. 2017, with a decreasing amplitude of 67.6%, which had achieved the expected intervention goals. CONCLUSIONS: PDCA cycle management can effectively reduce the application of adjuvant drug, relieve patients' burdens on medicine expenses and promote rational drug application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the elinieal application of adjuvant drugs in Sanmenxia Center Hospital (hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”), so as to prevent the excessive application of clinical adjuvant drugs and promote clinical drug application. METHODS: Special review was conducted on drug categories of large consumption and high concentration in inpatients of our hospital during 2013-2015, and analysis was conducted on irrational drug application. RESULTS: Totally 2 099 medical orders with adjuvant drugs were collected, including deproteinised calf serum injections, alprostadil fat emulsiom injections, fructose injections, invert sugar electrolyte injections, brucea jananica oil injections, ossotide injections, shengqifuzheng injections and composite potassium hydrogen phosphate injections. There were 694 irrational medical orders, accounting for 33.06% (694/2 099), mainly including no indications, improper indications, improper solvent, inappropriate usage and dosage, inappropriate treatment course, off-label drug application. The irrational application rate of deproteinised calf serum injections took the lead, which was widely applied in different departments. CONCLUSIONS: The clinic should strengthen the review and intervention on adjuvant drugs, reduce irrational application of adjuvant drugs and promote safe, effective and rational application of adjuvant drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exceptional improvement of high power lasers and optical cavity finesses in the last fifteen years allows today the development of X-ray sources based on inverse Compton scattering. These compact sources will provide high intensity beams, with a tunable energy in the range 20–100 keV, that can be used in several application including material sciences, structural biology, cultural heritage research and preservation and medical or biomedical preclinical and clinical research. The access to these devices will be easier. Methods currently used only in synchrotron facilities will be available in dedicated work environment such as hospitals, laboratories or museums. Several machines are in design or construction phase, and aim at producing 10 12 –10 14 ph/s. The ThomX machine is the most advanced project and has the potential to be used as the radiation source for biomedical searches, clinical imaging techniques or radiotherapy programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate existing problems in the application of antineoplastic drugs and related adjuvant drugs in inpatients of oncology department, to probe into measures and their effects of intervention conducted by clinical pharmacists, so as to provide reference for improving clinical rational drug application. METHODS: According to the current situation of application of antineoplastic drugs and related adjuvant drugs in the First People􀆳s Hospital of Changzhou, clinical pharmacists had formulated and implemented intervening measures, evaluated and analyzed the rationality of drug application of before intervention (at the first quarter of 2016, 90 medical records) and after intervention ( from Apr. 2016 to Dec. 2017, 630 medical records). RESULTS: After intervention, the proportion of irrational medical records had decreased from 51. 11% (46/90) at the first quarter in 2016 to 16.67% (15/90) at the fourth quarter in 2017; and the number of irrational medical orders had decreased from 60 at the first quarter in 2016 to 16 at the fourth quarter in 2017, especially the number of irrational medical orders related to chemotherapy had decreased from 27 per quarter to 12.3 per quarter, the number of irrational medical orders of inappropriate administration time had decreased from 13 per quarter to 3.4 per quarter, the number of irrational medical orders of improper solvent selection had decreased from 9 per quarter to 5.4 per quarter. CONCLUSIONS: Through the review of clinical pharmacists and continuous improvements of interventions, the irrational application of antineoplastic drugs and related adjuvant drugs has been effectively improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the Stomatology Hospital of Peking University (hereinafter referred to as"our hospital"), so as to provide reference for the standard application of adjuvant drugs. METHODS: Retrospective method was adopted, statistical analysis was conducted on consumption amount, consumption sum, defined daily dose system(DDDs) and defined daily cost (DDC) of adjuvant drugs during 2014-2016. RESULTS: During 2014-2016, there were 8 adjuvant drugs in our hospital, the ratio of consumption sum of adjuvant drugs to the total consumption sum of drugs was 6.45%( 5.7538 million yuan/89.2323 million yuan ). The consumption sum and DDDs ranking from highness go to lowliness in turn were respectively vitamin medicine, drugs for regulating of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance and immunomodulator, among which the constituent ratio of consumption sum of vitamin medicine was >80%, and the DDDs was >65%, significantly higher than other drugs. The ratio of consumption sum of adjuvant drugs in outpatient, emergency and inpatient department were respectively 0.52%(0.0299 million yuan/5.7538 million yuan), 99.48%(5.7239 million yuan/5.7538 million yuan). The consumption sum of 12 kinds of compound vitamin medicine dominated the top 10 places of the consumption sum of all drugs in our hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The categories of adjuvant drugs in our hospital are relatively few, in addition, the consumption sum is low. The application of adjuvant drugs is basically rational, yet more efforts still should be taken to reduce the application of individual adjuvant drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective : To examine and manage the utilization of adjuvant drugs,in order to promote rational use of drugs, and also to provide reference for the establishment of unified and standardized management mechanism for rational use of adju - vant drugs. Methods : According to "Hospital Prescription Review Management Specifications" and Clinical Utilization Management Methods for adjuvant drugs initially established by Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,sample investigation of adjuvant drugs which ranked top 3 consumption sums or with rapid growth of amount from 2015 to 2016 was sponsored by Medical Department and Department of Pharmacy of the hospital. The results of the examination was fed back to the related management department and the irrational use of drugs was reported at regular meetings of the hospital and put on the Bulletin of Medical News. Departments and doctors with serious irrational use of the drugs were evaluated by "Reward and punishment methods of clinical rational use of antibacterials ". Results : The examination and management of adjuvant drugs utilization could decrease the proportion of drug application,control average medical costs,and above all,promote clinical rational use of drugs. Conclusion : Intensified examination, effective management and monitoring of adjuvant drugs were of great significance to the promotion of safe,effective,economic and rational use of drugs. Establishment of a unified,standardized management mechanism concerning rational use of adjuvant drugs was imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Morphine is co-administered with adjuvant drugs to treat pain, nausea, vomiting, dyspnoea and delirium in cancer patients. Aim of the Study: To investigate analgesic effects of morphine when co-administered with adjuvant drugs. Material and Methods: Two-month-old male Wistar rats received single morphine doses alone (0.45 and 0.9 mg/kg) or with midazolam (0.3 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.15 and 0.45 mg/kg), levomepromazine (0.35 mg/kg), metoclopramide (1.0 mg/kg), and hyoscine butylbromide (1.7 mg/kg) as single subcutaneous injections. Analgesia was measured by the tail-flick test after 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min of drug administration. In the case of significant analgesia enhancement, analgesic and sedative effects were explored in 3-, 5-, 6-, 8-, and 11-month-old rats. Results: Significant morphine (0.9 mg/kg) analgesia enhancement was observed 60 min after haloperidol (0.15 and 0.45 mg/kg) and hyoscine butylbromide co-administration. The addition of haloperidol to morphine significantly increased analgesia in 6-, 8- and 11-month-old rats while in the case of hyoscine butylbromide co-administration this effect was observed only in 11-month-old rats. Conclusions: Haloperidol and hyoscine butylbromide enhanced morphine analgesia. Future studies may explore the repeated administration of these drug combinations in rats and humans. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of coenzyme complex for injection in an infectious disease hospital ( hereinafter referred to as "this hospital"), and to discuss the necessity of key monitoring of adjuvant drugs. METHODS: A total of 2 065 discharged patients who received coenzyme complex for injection in this hospital from 2019 to 2020 were selected, among which 300 cases ( 15 % ) were randomly selected for review. Statistical analysis was performed on patients ' department distribution, indications, usage and dosage, contraindications, compatibility contraindications and the number of combined application of adjuvant drugs. RESULTS: Coenzyme complex for injection was widely used in the medical institution. Among the 300 patients, 109 cases had irrational drug application ( 36. 33%), among which 97 cases were off-label application of adjuvant drugs for liver disease. 18 kinds of incompatibility contraindication, 6 cases of off-label long treatment course ( > 30 d), and 2 cases of contraindication. CONCLUSIONS: There are many irrational application of coenzyme complex for injection as adjuvant drugs for liver disease, and it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vulvodynia is from the perspective of algesiologists chronic pain syndrome. Treatment is complex and based on a multidisciplinary approach with active participation of the patient. It is necessary to use all currently available methods, which are the regime measures, pharmacological therapy, physiotherapy, psychotherapy and intervention procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuropathic pain mechanisms are present in up to 40% of patients with cancer pain. In these situations, additional or adjuvant analgesic drugs (such as antidepressants or antiepileptics) are often required to optimize pain control alongside standard opioid therapy. This systematic review aimed to determine the effectiveness of antidepressants and antiepileptics when added to opioids, compared to opioids alone, for the management of pain caused directly by cancer. Prospective clinical studies, published in English that used a before-after design or randomized or non-randomized group comparisons were identified. Data were extracted on pain intensity, pain relief and adverse events. Eight studies were eligible (five randomized controlled trials) that recruited 465 patients in total, of whom 370 (79.5%) completed the study period. A narrative analysis was performed because clinical and methodological heterogeneity prevented meta-analysis.Included studies suggested that adjuvants improve pain control within 4–8 days when added to opioids for cancer pain; the strongest evidence supports gabapentin. However, a reduction in pain intensity of greater than 1 point on a 0–10 numerical rating scale is unlikely, but an increase in adverse events is likely. For all adjuvants, the effect size was much less than that seen in patients with non-cancer neuropathic pain. Dosing strategies that can be examined in future clinical trials are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of adjuvant drugs in 3 890 pediatric inpatients, so as to provide reference for the rationality evaluation, analysis and management of abdication of adjuvant drugs. METHODS: Analysis was conducted on application of adjuvant drugs in pediatric inpatients in Dezhou People’s Hospital( hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”) from Jan. to Dec. 2015. Application rationality was evaluated through EXCEL software. RESULTS: From Jan. to Dec. 2015, there were 3 890 pediatric inpatients, with the application frequency of adjuvant drugs of 10 538; and vitamins took the lead, totally 984 cases (49.6% ); the irrational application frequency was 1 732, among which 984 cases (56.8%) were over-age administration, dominated the first place of irrational drug application. And the irrational abdication frequency of Traditional Chinese Medicine injections was the most(1 311 cases, 75.7%). CONCLUSIONS: There are phenomenon as adjuvant drugs with drug combination in pediatrics of our hospital, the top three drugs ranked by irrational abdication frequency are respectively vitamins, traditional Chinese medicine injections and parenteral nutrition drugs, which need to be strictly monitored. The clinic should strengthen the monitoring on overage administration, so as to promote the rational abdication of drugs in pediatrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Douleur et Analgésie is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the yearly consumption of adjuvant drugs for tumor treatment in the First People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Kashi (hereinafter referred to as "our hospital "), and to provide basis for the promotion of rational drug use in clinic. METHODS: The annual consumption amount, consumption sum, defined daily dose system and types of medication from Feb. 2012 to Feb. 2015 in our hospital were statistically analyzed. Medical orders of 300 patients with malignant tumor radiotherapy or chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed, rationality of drug use was evaluated. RESULTS: The ratio of consumption sum of adjuvant drugs for tumor treatment versus the total sum of antitumor drugs during during Feb. 2012 to Feb. 2015 were respectively 28.06%,29.12% and 33.65%. The consumption sum of adjuvant drugs for tumor treatment raised year by year, and the growth was significant. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption ratio of adjuvant drugs for tumor treatment has a tendency to increase,there are still some irrational phenomenon. The hospital formulate related intervention measures, so as to ensure more standardized treatment for tumor patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the availability of potent antitubercular drugs, tuberculosis (TB) still remains one of the world's leading causes of death. The current antitubercular therapy (ATT) suffers from a drawback of longer duration that imposes a major challenge of patient non compliance and resistance development. The current scenario necessitates alternative strategies with potential to shorten treatment duration that could pave the way for improved clinical outcomes. In recent years, host directed adjunctive therapies have raised considerable attention and emerged as a promising intervention which targets clinically relevant biological pathways in hosts to modulate pathological immune responses. Few of the approved drugs namely statins, metformin, ibuprofen, aspirin, valproic acid, adalimumab, bevacizumab, zileuton and vitamin D3 have shown promising results in clinical outcomes during their preliminary screening in TB patients and can be potentially repurposed as antitubercular drugs. This review highlights clinical and non clinical evidences of some already existing drug and their targets in hosts that could help in shortening treatment duration and reducing bacterial burden at minimal doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adjuvant analgesics (ie, gabapentin, tramadol, and ketamine) are commonly used in small animal practice. Most of these drugs are prescribed for outpatients, when pain is refractory to classic analgesics (ie, local anesthetics, opioids, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]), or when contraindications exist to the administration of other analgesics, including NSAIDs. This article reviews the mechanisms of action, clinical use, potential adverse effects, and current evidence of adjuvant analgesics in the treatment of acute pain in companion animals. These drugs should be considered as alternatives aimed at reducing or replacing opioids., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)