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Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the impact of implant robots on the oral function and aesthetic effects of immediate implant patients in the aesthetic area of anterior teeth. Methods A total of 68 patients with single anterior tooth defects admitted to the hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were enrolled and divided into a study group of 34 cases and a control group of 34 cases randomly. In the study group, anterior tooth immediate implantation was performed with the assistance of an oral implantation robot, while the control group underwent conventional immediate anterior tooth implantation. The implantation accuracy, postoperative bite function, aesthetic restoration, and occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups, and complications were all recorded. Results After final restoration, all patients were followed up for 2 years, and the implant success rate was 100% (68/68 cases). The study group exhibited significantly lower postoperative apical point error and implant angle error compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in speech clarity, bite pressure, and pain intensity between the two groups (P > 0.05). The ratio of implant bite pressure to that of the contralateral homonymous tooth was higher in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The postoperative pink esthetic score (PES) and white esthetic score (WES) in the study group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). Patient satisfaction in the study group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The use of oral implantation robots for immediate implantation in the aesthetic zone of anterior teeth resulted in higher intraoperative positioning accuracy and yielded favorable outcomes in postoperative restoration of bite function and aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of Nd:YAG laser combined with Icon penetrating resin on dental fluorosis and the influence on aesthetics. Methods: 486 teeth were selected from 80 patients with dental fluorosis treated in our hospital from June 2018 to June 2023. The 80 patients were divided into two groups according to random number table method. The control group received Nd: YAG laser treatment, and the observation group received Nd:YAG laser treatment combined with Icon penetrant resin treatment. The col- or scale change, bleaching effect, lesion area ratio, enamel hardness of affected tooth were compared between the two groups at different time points, and tooth sensitivity and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups during treatment. Results: Immediately after treatment and 12 weeks after treatment, and the observation group was lower compared with the control group (P<0.05). Immediately after treatment, the response rate 84.17% was significantly higher than the 76.42% in the control group (P<0.05), and 12 weeks after treatment, the efficacy rate 94.17% was higher than the 82.93% in the control group (P<0.05). The lesion area ratio decreased in the immediate and 12 weeks after treatment, and the observation group was lower compared with the control group (P<0.05). Lower enamel stiffness in the control group immediately at 12 weeks compared to the pretreatment and observation groups (P<0.05). The tooth sensitivity and satisfaction of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Nd:YAG laser combined with Icon penetrating resin can improve the curative effect of dental fluorosis, reduce the ratio of damaged area, sensitivity of dental fluorosis, improve aesthetic effect, and do not affect the hardness of dental enamel. It is a potential treatment method for dental fluorosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tasarim+Kuram is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases is the property of Journal of Prevention & Treatment For Stomatological Diseases Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to assess the effect of drama tourism and its elements, such as character, storyline, and aesthetic effect on the intention to visit the Egyptian destination portrayed on screen. Data were obtained from 1125 domestic tourists in Egypt. According to the findings, drama portrayals featuring Egyptian destinations significantly increase domestic Egyptian tourists' intentions to visit those depicted destinations. Moreover, drama elements affect the intention to visit the destination portrayed on screen. This study provides several contributions to drama tourism and its elements by complementing previous studies and introducing new outcomes. The practical implications of this study also benefit the Egyptian government, marketers, and destination management organizations (DMOs) in promoting Egyptian destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I investigate questions related to the aesthetic interferences, as well as their implications, in the process of perception and appreciation of artworks and exhibitions. By 'aesthetic interference' however I mean something more than just actual visual interference, such as when other elements, pieces of art, or fellow visitors are 'entering' in the field of vision and thus obstructing the view while one is trying to focus on an individual piece. Instead of purely this, I also mean something that modifies the effect of the exhibited work of art on a further, aesthetic level too, hence not only as something that physically (optically) impedes sight, but something that interferes with the 'working' of the artwork. I survey the question on the level of the singular work, of an entire exhibition, and even the exhibition within the larger 'frame' and context of a city. What is important to see is that such interference is not always and not necessarily negative. The perception of and influence from other works, the modes of installation, the particularities of the venue, and the discovering of the broader environment can all bring out new aspects and considerations that point towards new potentials in the pieces, and that perhaps even the artist or the curator had not thought of before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sĕrat cariyos ringgit purwa lampahan Dora Wĕca mawi sĕkar macapat is an example of a translation of a wayang play into poetry, a popular phenomenon in the late nineteenth century. To create aesthetic effects Raden Mas Panji Arja Suparta, the author of the text, makes ample use of metaphors. Some of these metaphors are well-known literary clichés. Others, which are woven into riddles (wangsalan), bring the real world of everyday life in Java vividly into view.

The past twenty years have witnessed much progress at translation, and good results have been achieved in this field, as it has led to the exchange of knowledge between countries, provided the ground for the exchange of information and experiences, and worked to ensure that countries become a comprehensive and potential driving force for economic growth and human development. Translation has various types, one of these types is the semantic translation where the translator attempts to keep the exact contextual meaning of the original language. This study aims at investigating the extent to which the aesthetic effect (AE) of semantic translation on English texts translated into Arabic namely quotes from George R. R. Martin’ novel "a song of Ice and Fire", Hans Küng's book Islam: "Past, Present and Future" (translated by Al-Shuraiqi and examples translated by Safia Al-Sa'di in the last work of her entitled "Life in Japan". A comparison between the original text aesthetics and the target text (TT) was made based on the selection of sentence structure, lexical and metaphors employed. The data of the study are illustrative examples chosen randomly to be analysed according to Yan Fu’s (2012, cited in Zhang, 2013) triple translation criteria of faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance in combination with Nida’s (1964) functional equivalence. The results reveal clearly that the chosen translations show a distinct amount of adequacy in terms of expressing the aesthetic effect (AE) in the target text (TT). The results also show that semantic translation appears to be more creatively appropriate in preserving the AE and transferring it into the TT.

The article is devoted to the study of expressive linguistic units, formed on the basis of military terms, as pragmatically significant components of the language of the fiction works by M. A. Sholokhov about the war and the post-war period. These units are proposed to be called term-derivative units in the study. The expressive characteristics of these linguistic units in the article are determined by their metaphorical significance. The term-derivative units are also examined as components of the three metaphorical models singled out in the analyzed works. This allows us to talk about the role and significance of the considered linguistic units in the realization of the artistic idea of the works about the war and the post-war period. The author also identifies and analyses the main ways of intensification of expressiveness of the term-derivative units in the fiction text, which increases the aesthetic effect on the reader.

The article is aimed at studying some features of translation strategies used to convey the expressive potential of a poetic text with elements of mounting techniques, viewed through the prism of the rhythmic-syntactic level of organisation of the poetic text. The subject of analysis is enjambement, or verse (poetic) transference, which is a “dissonance” between the rhythmic division of poetic speech into poetic lines and the syntactic division of verbal material into syntagmas in verse, thereby affecting the rhythmic structure of the text. The poem by H.M. Enzensberger (born in 1929), “verteidigung der wölfe gegen die lämmer”, as well as the translation of the specified poem into Russian (“Protection of wolves from sheep”) made by Lev Ginzburg (1921-1980), are used as the factual material. The original poem is written in free rhythms and includes elements of mounting techniques. To achieve this goal, a complex methodology has been applied, which, in addition to structural-descriptive and comparative analyses, also involves elements of linguopoetic and linguo-stylistic approaches. The relevance of the presented work is primarily due to the translation perspective of the study, which required the involvement of the main provisions of the theory of dynamic equivalence by E. Nida, secondly, – to the fact that translation strategies are considered in terms of intercultural interaction, i.e. taking into account the culturally specific characteristics of the bearers of the source and target languages. Based on the results of the analysis, a conclusion has been made about the special role of verse transferences in the mounted lyrical poetry of H.M. Enzensberger, which are engaged in the creation of the “defamiliarisation” effect at the appropriate micro-level of the lyrical work. A comparative analysis of the texts in the source language and the target language indicates that the application of the main provisions of the theory of dynamic equivalence, as well as the relevant linguistic aspects of intercultural communication when translating poetic works, contributes to a most accurate preservation of the aesthetic effect and of the expressive potential inherent in the original poetic text with elements of mounting techniques.

The theory underpinning this approach to the narratives of Virginia Woolf and Katherine Mansfield is provided by the reletively new field of Food Studies. My aim is to show that food and beverage descriptions and the crucial significance of dinner table scenes in the private and public writings of these two rivalling friends developed and refined their modernist style. In spite of the enmity between them, especially on Woolf's part, Woolf and Mansfield had a lot in common. Supporting my statements on passages from Mansfield's letters, Woolf's diary and from their fiction, I contend that in fact Woolf and Mansfield contributed to the larger literary and cultural context of modernism by almost echoing each other's food imagery and its symbolism. The essence of my argument is that these two modernist writers made up their "imaginary meals" to compensate for the ugliness and discord of reality, and for the transitoriness of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Letonica is the property of University of Latvia, Institute of Literature, Folklore & Art and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the application of digital immediate implant and angle screw channel abutment in the aesthetic area and the related influencing factors by reviewing the data of one case of immediate implant repair of the upper anterior teeth and related literature. Methods One case of refractory chronic apicitis of the upper anterior teeth involved immediate implantation after extraction. The digital information of the patient was obtained by CBCT and intraoral scanning. According to the information from the patients, a preoperative evaluation was performed; a treatment scheme was formulated; a minimally invasive extraction was performed; implants were placed under a digital guide plate; and temporary restoration was immediately performed. Six months after the operation, the patients underwent individualized mold removal, and angle screw channel fixation was completed. We observed the cosmetic effects and soft and hard tissue and gingival contour maintenance effects after restoration and reexamined the patients 6 months after restoration. In addition, the relevant literature was reviewed. Results The height of the gingival margin and gingival papilla and gingival contour of this patient were well maintained. The red and white aesthetic effect was good. There was no redness or swelling of the gingiva nor obvious changes in the soft and hard tissues around the implant 6 months after restoration, and the patient was satisfied. The results in the literature review show that a preoperative design based on CBCT and intraoral scanning data combined with digital software and a whole digital guide plate make the procedure more accurate and safer. These factors can not only avoid important anatomical structures and serious surgical complications but can also result in implantation in the best three-dimensional position. In addition, the application of digital impression technology and CAD/CAM increases the efficiency, speed, accuracy, simplicity, and comfort of oral impressions and the construction of temporary and final prostheses more precise and faster, greatly improving clinical efficiency. Conclusion Digital immediate implant and angle screw channel abutment is a good method to restore the aesthetics and function of missing teeth and to avoid the complications caused by adhesive residue.

This study aims at investigating the extent to which the aesthetic effect (AE) in Gibran’s The Prophet has been maintained among Arab recipients in four translations of this masterpiece, namely Okasha (2000), Nuaimy (2013), Al-ābid (2017), and Antonius (2017). To this end, the source text (ST) AE laden segments and their target text (TT) counterparts are compared in terms of lexical selection, sentence structure, and metaphors employed. Data of the study comprised typical illustrative examples randomly selected for analysis according to Yan Fu’s (2012, cited in Zhang 2013) triple translation criteria of faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance in combination with Nida’s (1964) functional equivalence. Findings of the study revealed that the selected translations exhibit different levels of adequacy in terms of expressing the AE in the TT. Specifically, Okasha’s translation seems more creatively adequate in producing in the TT the approximate AE of the ST, whereas the other translations are sometimes less adequate or even inadequate in this respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comparative Literature / Primerjalna Književnost is the property of Slovenian Comparative Literature Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To explore the short-term curative effect and long-term aesthetic effect of intralesional injection of lauromacrogol in the treatment of venous malformation. Methods The clinical data of 68 patients with venous malformation admitted in The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University of PLA from August 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, to evaluate the effective rate and long-term aesthetic effect of cinnamyl alcohol in the treatment of venous malformations. Results The effective rate of lauromacrogol injection in the treatment of venous malformation was 86.8%, and the long-term aesthetic scores ≥4 was 69.1%. There was no significant difference in the short-term curative effect and long-term aesthetic effect of patients with different ages and different parts (P>0.05). The short-term curative effect and long-term aesthetic effect of lauromacrogol in the treatment of single lesion were significantly better than the treatment of multiple lesions (P<0.05). When the lesion diameter was less than or equal to 3 cm, lauromacrogol showed good short-term curative effect and long-term aesthetic effect. Compared with the lesion diameter more than 3 cm, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Lauromacrogol injection is a safe and effective method in the treatment of venous malformation. It has the advantages of less dosage, significant curative effect, less adverse reactions and good anesthetic effect. It has more advantages in the treatment of small lesions and single lesions. It should be considerable for clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of immediate and delayed implant restoration on periodontal tissue health, aesthetic effect and inflammatory factors in patients with maxillary single anterior teeth. Methods: The clinical data of 80 patients with maxillary single anterior teeth from March 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively selected, and patients were divided into group A (n=40, delayed implant restoration) and group B (n=40, immediate implant restoration) according to the different ways of implant restoration. The success rate of dental implant, periodontal tissue health, aesthetic effect, inflammatory factors and complications were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in success rate of dental implant between the two groups (P>0.05). The periodontal pocket depth decreased successively at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after restoration in the two groups (P<0.05). The periodontal pocket depth in group B at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after restoration were lower than that in group A (P<0.05). The scores of red aesthetic index (PES) in the two groups increased successively at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after restoration (P<0.05). The scores of PES in group B were higher than those in group A at at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after restoration (P<0.05). The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-琢(TNF-琢) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the two groups showed an increasing and decreasing trend before, 7 d after and 30 d after restoration. The levels of serum TNF-琢and CRP in group B were lower than those in group A at 7 d and 30 d after restoration (P<0.05). There was no significant complication in both groups. Conclusion: Compared with delayed implant restoration, immediate implant restoration has a better effect on the periodontal tissue health in patients with single maxillary anterior teeth, with less inflammatory reaction, better aesthetic effect, significant curative effect and good security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

That it is basically impossible to translate poetry into other languages follows from the very essence of poetry. But it is impossible not to translate poetry into other languages - this is required by the need to exchange cultural values between different national communities. The translator has to find a compromise between these two mutually exclusive provisions. One of the ways (if not the only one) to achieve this goal is to abandon the requirement of literal accuracy, in order to create an aesthetic effect in a specific cultural and national environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All things follow the cosmic equilibrium rule. As one of the important factors in evaluating images of aesthetic effects, the visual balance has not attracted much attention. In this study, a novel method is proposed to quantify the law of visual balance and automatically evaluate the aesthetic value of images. In the proposed method, the authors first analyse the colour composition of images using the K‐means clustering method. Then, based on information aesthetics theory and perspective principles, a calculation method is proposed to find the visual centre of gravity of images. Finally, the aesthetic effect of the image based on visual balance is evaluated according to the positional relationship between the visual centre of gravity and the physical centre of the image. With extensive experimental results, the authors demonstrate qualitatively and quantitatively that the proposed evaluation method is basically consistent with the intuitive experience of most human beings. Moreover, experiments are also conducted on a large and diversified benchmark data set that are competitive with the current state of the art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Question sentences in subtle and concise Ci were frequently used to convey one’s ideas or feelings, showing strong inspiration and impact force. Many writers of this kind of Ci are adept in using the sentences and receive the best aesthetic effect. Generally speaking, a single question sentence can form a vacant beauty, the interval ones can create a rhythm beauty, and the continuous ones can strengthen the beauty of momentum, power and feelings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The placement of photovoltaic panels on roof may affect the aesthetic quality of the building. The study sought to establish any correlation between energy generation potentials of PV panels on roof and aesthetic quality of a building. The experimental research design is a study by simulation of a hostel building elevation in Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola. Twelve simulated elevations with different arrangement and area coverage of roof solar photovoltaic panels were produced, and ranked in order of aesthetic appeals by 140 respondents in four groups. Frequencies and Spearman's Rank Order correlation coefficient were employed to analyze data. Results indicated that the aesthetic appeals of the elevations varied, but not consistently with coverage area of PV panels on roof: the elevation with PV of 21% roof coverage (7th in coverage area) was rated most aesthetically appealing; that with PV of 6% roof coverage (the lowest) rated least appealing. Aesthetic effect was not appreciably correlated with PV panels' coverage on roof. It was concluded by recommending that PV panels be arranged on roof, guided by the aesthetic principles of composition, in order to optimize (and not maximize) energy generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The German female writer Charlotte Kerner has created a series of works on the theme of science and technology to explore the relationship between people and technology and nature. One of the most striking features of his work is the frequent appearance of the "double" motive. This phenomenon is most evident in the book Blueprint. This article explores the "double" motive in the novel Blueprint from the perspectives of "mother-daughter doubles" and "person-painting doubles". This paper analyzes the aesthetic effect of its performance, and then studies the relationship among the motive, the author's aesthetic strategy and the theme of the work. In addition, it is concluded that "double" is full of dialectical philosophy of opposition and unity. It not only highlights the author's aesthetic strategy of paying attention to the dual combination of character and dialectical movement in character shaping, which makes the character of the character more full and contradictory conflict more intense, but also endues the work with the depth of human nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Eastern Liaoning University (Social Sciences) is the property of Department of Journal of Eastern Liaoning University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A modern intellectualism has consolidated the idea of structure in music experience, developing various strategies for the building and recognition of musical form. This formalism cemented the idea that musical understanding results from the mere apprehension of a logical arrangement of musical events concatenated discursively. Thus, the formal models resulting from a musical parsing gave the illusion of stylistic coherence among the works under scrutiny and comparison, assuming a central role as the object of musical understanding. However, if we consider that meaning in music – as any other meanings in all fields of knowledge – emerges from our engagement with the world, and originates in and out of our sensory-motor act, as proposed by embodied realism. Therefore, musical understanding is firstly the understanding of the process of abstraction of those formal models, but not the models itself. We are facing the traditional dispute between formal semantics that in music would point directly to the referential field (expression, ideas, feelings, representation, symbolism), repeatedly approached by music theory of Modernity, and cognitive semantics, committed to build how musical meaning is constructed, i.e., to the study of processes by which we imaginatively organize musical events in the act of listening. This article discusses the processes that constitute the cognitive semantics of tonal aesthetic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systemic Functional Linguistics has experienced over 40 years of application to literary discourse analysis and gained considerable achievements, with particular reference to the ideational and interpersonal areas. Contrary to that situation is the textual area, which, except for cohesion, is much less explored in thematization and information. This paper aims to fill this gap. Taking the short narrative text Gehenna I investigate thematic and information creating patterns for their aesthetic effects. There exist types of unfolding routines in literary texts that are oriented towards stylistic goals. The observations manifest once again the power of SFL in its appliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the safety and aesthetic effect of modified facelift incision in parotidectomy for benign parotid tumors. Methods: By prospective study, 63 patients with benign parotid tumor were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group underwent modified facelift incision（MFI）, while the control group underwent Blair incision（BI）. The operation time, bleeding volume, total postoperative drainage, length of postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications and aesthetic satisfaction of the two groups were counted and evaluated. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the operative time, bleeding volume, total postoperative drainage, length of postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complications between the two group（ P >0.05）. In terms of aesthetic satisfaction, the experimental group was significantly better than the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant（ P <0.05）. Conclusion: Compared with the BI, the MFI has the same safety and higher aesthetic satisfaction, which has positive significance in cosmetology., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Abstract: Pigmented coatings with high reflectivity against solar irradiation can be used to control unwanted thermal heating that occurs as materials absorb sunlight such as heat in buildings that increases cooling loads. However, these surfaces produce glare that is unpleasant to the eye, and the coatings themselves can damage the appearance of the coated object. We introduce a new optimization method that embraces both thermal and aesthetic requirements. Our proposed coatings maximize the reflectivity of the near infrared (NIR) region to reduce thermal heating, while for aesthetic appeal they also minimize the visible (VIS) reflected energy received by human eyes, especially at wavelengths where eye sensitivity is high. The optimization parameter is defined as the ratio of the total reflected energy in the NIR region to that in the VIS region weighted by human eye sensitivity. Titanium dioxide is used as the pigment, and databases of its radiative properties are constructed using the Mie theory. To compute reflectivity, nongray radiative heat transfer in an anisotropic scattering monosized pigmented layer, with independent scattering, including direct and diffuse solar irradiations, is analyzed using radiation element method by ray emission model (REM2). Colors are calculated and optimization parameter is evaluated by using spectral reflectivity. Finally, the optimum values of particle size, volume fraction of pigment, and coating thickness are obtained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of implant denture in the anterior maxilla over 5 years. METHODS: From January 2002 to December 2006, two hundred and thirty-four patients with 354 dental implants were followed up for 7-62 months. The results were evaluated by X-ray, clinical examination and patient satisfaction investigation. The 5 year cumulative survival rate (life - table analysis), bone resorption around implants (ANOVA), outcome of soft tissues and esthetics were analyzed using SPSS13.0 software package. RESULTS: The cumulative survival rate was 97.9%: there was no significant difference among different ways of operation (P=1.00): no significant difference in mean crestal bone loss was found among different years (P=0.88): 19.8% gingival papilla achieved Jemt grade 3: 91.7% patients were satisfied with the restoration. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation is an effective method for patients losing upper anterior teeth. The cumulative survival rate is as high as 97.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of implant denture in the anterior maxilla over 5 years. METHODS: From January 2002 to December 2006, two hundred and thirty-four patients with 354 dental implants were followed up for 7-62 months. The results were evaluated by X-ray, clinical examination and patient satisfaction investigation. The 5 year cumulative survival rate (life- table analysis), bone resorption around implants (ANOVA), outcome of soft tissues and esthetics were analyzed using SPSS13.0 software package. RESULTS: The cumulative survival rate was 97.9%; there was no significant difference among different ways of operation (P=1.00); no significant difference in mean crestal bone loss was found among different years (P=0.88); 19.8% gingival papilla achieved Jemt grade 3; 91.7% patients were satisfied with the restoration. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation is an effective method for patients losing upper anterior teeth. The cumulative survival rate is as high as 97.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]