8 results on '"ageostrophic wind"'
Search Results
2. The role and characteristics of low-level jet during a persistent rainstorm in Guangxi
- Author
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Hao QIN, Le LIU, Mengsong NONG, Yiman HUANG, and Meifang QU
- Subjects
persistent rainstorm ,low-level jet ,inertial oscillation ,ageostrophic wind ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Abstract
In 2022, Guangxi experienced the strongest Dragon Boat Precipitation since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The persistent rainstorm process from 17 June to 22 June 2022 had large accumulations and overlapping falling areas, leading to floods, torrential floods, landslides, and other disasters. The impacts of the low-level jet and its characteristics during this process were analyzed based on multi-source observation data and ERA5 reanalysis data. The results show that: (1) The low-level jet enhanced significantly during the night, and the convective system developed on the north side of the jet core. During the daytime, the low-level jet weakened and the convective system gradually disappeared, resulting in the heavy precipitation being mainly concentrated during the night. (2) During the night, the positive vorticity zone on the left of the 850 hPa low-level jet coincided with the exit zone of the 925 hPa boundary-level jet in the northeast of Guangxi, which combined with the mountain terrain barrier, and caused deep low-level convergence. The low-level convergence was conducive to the enhancement of the upward movement in northeast Guangxi and favored the continuous development of the convective system. At the same time, the convective instability in the lower atmosphere also increased rapidly, which provided a favorable unstable stratification environment for heavy precipitation. (3) The variation of the low-level jet can be well explained by the inertial oscillation mechanism. During the day, the surface heating in the central and southern regions of Guangxi led to the gradual enhancement of turbulent friction, resulting in jet deceleration with the characteristics of sub-geostrophic. During the night, the turbulent friction was weakened, and the jet accelerated, which gradually presented the characteristics of super-geostrophic. The Coriolis force acting on ageostrophic wind was the main contributor to the momentum of the jet, while friction dissipation and vertical transport were the momentum sinks.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Interannual variability of the double easterly jets over the tropical western Pacific and their effects on tropical cyclone genesis.
- Author
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Zhan, Xinyue, Wen, Zhiping, Guo, Yuanyuan, and Huang, Sihua
- Subjects
- *
TROPICAL cyclones , *JET streams - Abstract
Different from other upper‐tropospheric jet stream that owns the single jet axis, the tropical easterly jet (TEJ) generally splits into two branches over the tropical western Pacific where the TEJ inflows from June to September, with the north branch locating near 20°N and the south branch appearing near the equator. However, how these double easterly jets change from year to year and whether they have effects on the tropical cyclones (TCs) over the tropical western Pacific are still unknown. Observational evidence has demonstrated that the double easterly jets in the TEJ's inflow region exhibit an out‐of‐phase relationship in the interannual time scale and is significantly related to the TCs genesis. Corresponding to a stronger south branch and a weaker north branch, the accelerated (decelerated) easterly wind for the south (north) branch would induce a northerly (southerly) ageostrophic wind, thus triggering an upper‐tropospheric divergence between the double easterly jets. This divergence can further lead to anomalous ascending flows over the western North Pacific, which turns out to be the primary cause that increases the TCs number over there. The results highlight that the out‐of‐phase variation of the double easterly jets could dynamically modulate the occurrence of the TCs over the western North Pacific by inducing the secondary vertical circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Impact of Wind Turbines on Local and Regional Winds Across Denmark
- Author
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Kaas, Eigil, Rieder, Harald, Sandvik, Bianca Eline, Kaas, Eigil, Rieder, Harald, and Sandvik, Bianca Eline
- Abstract
To satisfy an increasing demand for green energy, wind turbines and other renewables are being deployed at increasingly larger scales. Wind turbines extract kinetic energy from winds and thereby create wake effects – areas of lower wind speeds and more turbulence – downstream. Previous research show that wake effects can be traced several tens of kilometres downwind resulting in decreased wind energy production and local changes in climate. This thesis analyses changes in wind speed and wind direction across Denmark for the period 1990-2022 due to historical wind turbine expansion. Trends in mean monthly wind speed and angular wind directional change () between an observational dataset (DMI) and a simulation-based dataset (ERA5) was compared for 25 locations to identify whether a gradual increase in friction at the surface was detectable. The impact of potential wakes generated by wind turbines in the vicinity of each station is discussed. While this study finds a general trend of decreasing wind speeds across the country, the results for changes in wind direction are inconclusive. Most locations showing significant trends were located close to the coast or airports potentially due to them being relatively open landscapes where new obstructions are easier to detect. These findings indicate that mean wind speeds are declining across Denmark due to increased surface friction. As many of the meteorological stations providing surface observations have changed locations within the study period; these discontinuities prevent several locations from achieving trend significance for either parameter for a period of at least 20 years. Results for both parameters (wind speed and wind direction) are also not always in agreement, potentially due to differences in calculation method. Direct attribution of the changes observed to wind turbine expansion was not possible.
- Published
- 2023
5. The effect of the subtropical jet on the rainfall over southern China in January 2008.
- Author
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Zuo, Qunjie, Gao, Shouting, and Lü, Daren
- Subjects
- *
RAINFALL , *ATMOSPHERIC circulation , *SNOWSTORMS , *SHEAR waves , *METEOROLOGICAL observations - Abstract
The third precipitation episode of China's great snowstorms of 2008 was analyzed using station observations and ECMWF six-hourly data. The variation of the shape of the upper-level subtropical jet played an important role in the rainfall over southern China. With the eastward movement of the trough, the jet shape changed from two straight jets to a tilting jet over China and then it moved southward. With these variations, the south-north movement of ascending flow and precipitation area over southern China occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Surface layer processes and nocturnal low-level jet development--an observational study during PECAN
- Author
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Beall, Michael K., Wang, Qing, Nuss, Wendell, and Meteorology
- Subjects
surface flux ,turbulence kinetic energy ,turbulence ,Richardson number ,Low-level jet ,surface layer ,stable boundary layer ,thermal stability ,convective boundary layer ,wind shear ,nocturnal boundary layer ,dynamic stability ,buoyancy ,ageostrophic wind - Abstract
Low-level jets (LLJ) occur in many regions around the world and exhibit a diverse range of impacts across a variety of climate and weather-related applications, including U.S. Department of Defense assets and operations. A team from the Naval Postgraduate School participated in the 2015 Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) research project and collected high-resolution stable boundary layer data as it evolved through the night. The objective of this study was to use this dataset to identify the impact of LLJ presence on surface layer properties, such as thermal stability, dynamic stability, surface fluxes, and turbulence. Additionally, this study investigated pre-LLJ daytime surface layer conditions that might promote LLJ development and intensification. The subsequent analysis found that both nocturnal thermal stability and dynamic stability, while in the presence of a LLJ, were only marginally stable, a result consistent with previous literature that related LLJ development primarily to boundary layer properties above the surface layer. This study also found that nocturnal surface fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, and latent heat were significantly enhanced during LLJ events, owing mostly to larger-than-normal generation of shear-driven turbulence. Interestingly, this research also found that the presence of the nocturnal LLJ was highly correlated with values of thermal and dynamic stability that were close to neutral. This result appears to be inconsistent with previous literature in that LLJ presence is suggested to occur under clear, cloud-free conditions; this finding warrants further analysis. Finally, after examining the relationship between daytime turbulence and subsequent LLJ presence, jet development appeared to be well-correlated to higher levels of turbulence during the preceding daytime. http://archive.org/details/surfacelayerproc1094551646 Lieutenant, United States Navy Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
- Published
- 2016
7. Study of the explosive cyclones over southern South America
- Author
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Possia, Norma E., Nuñez, Mario N., and Lichtenstein, Erich R.
- Subjects
ESTUDIO DE CASOS ,VIENTO AGEOSTROFICO ,CICLONES EXPLOSIVOS ,AGEOSTROPHIC WIND ,CASE STUDY ,EXPLOSIVE CYCLONES - Abstract
En base a los análisis del European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast, en esta tesis se encara el estudio de la formación y desarrollo de los sistemas ciclónicos explosivos a través de dos situaciones particulares. Una de ellas es un ciclón marítimo, debido a que estos son los más frecuentes y la segunda situación es un ciclón terrestre ya que son los que provocan mayores perjuicios económicos. En la misma se analizan los procesos responsables de la génesis y la estructura de estos sistemas a través de la evaluación de las ecuaciones del sistema hidrodinámico que rige el movimiento atmosférico. En el caso continental se incluye además, un análisis de las componentes ageostróficas. Finalmente, como no hay una climatología de este fenómeno en la región, se identifican los casos ocurridos en el período 1979 - 1993 y se analiza su ubicación espacial y temporal. La definición elegida para este estudio es la propuesta por Sanders y Gyakum. En 1980 estos autores definieron los ciclones explosivos o bombas como aquellos sistemas donde la caída de presión a nivel del mar es de un bergeron (24 hPa en 24 horas). Como el descenso de presión no tiene el mismo impacto en cualquier latitud, estos autores modularon a este valor multiplicándolo por un factor que combina la latitud media donde se desarrolla explosivamente el ciclón y los 60º. Aunque los ciclones que sufren un período de rápido desarrollo parecen tener características comunes, no hay acuerdo si existe un único factor detonante de tal desarrollo y cual es ese factor. lncluso hay trabajos que señalan que en distintas regiones geográficas difieren las causa dinámicas que las producen. Por otro lado, el estudio de casos particulares muestra que hay distintos procesos que las pueden producir. A pesar de que este tipo de evento ha sido ampliamente estudiado en el hemisferio norte, en la región sudamericana la situación no es la misma. Debido a la escasez de trabajos que estudian las ciclogénesis explosivas en el hemisferio sur, surge el poco conocimiento que se tiene de los distintos mecanismos que puedan favorecer la generación y el desarrollo de este fenómeno en la región sur de Sudamérica. Como señalan Gan y Rao (1996), es necesario realizar investigaciones sobre casos particulares para delinear los procesos intervinientes. Las dos situaciones estudiadas tienen características comunes. Ambos sistemas comienzan como un ciclón baroclínico, con advección de vorticidad ciclónica y divergencia en altura actuando sobre una zona baroclínica en capas bajas. Los ciclones explosivos estudiados presentan fuerte divergencia en niveles altos combinada con una masa de aire cálido y húmedo capas bajas. Esta masa de aire asociada con las velocidades verticales ascendentes muy intensas producen gran liberación de calor por condensación. Esto trae como consecuencia que ambos ciclones tengan un centro caliente. En las situaciones estudiadas este calor liberado aparece como el principal responsable del desarrollo explosivo. Las componentes ageostróficas presentan valores del mismo orden de magnitud que el viento mismo. Esto indica que en estos casos actuaron procesos de escala subsinóptica. En el caso continental cuando se divide a las componentes ageostróficas según sus efectos físicos se encuentra que en la divergencia en niveles altos actúan todas las fuentes de ageostrofismo. En cambio, niveles bajos la convergencia se debe principalmente a las variaciones temporales del viento. La componente de advección vertical del viento interviene en la verticalización del sistema y colabora en su desplazamiento. En la serie de los 15 años de reanálisis de Centro Europeo se encontraron 200 ciclones explosivos al sudeste de Sudamérica, de los cuales solo el 3 % se desarrolló sobre el continente. Son más frecuentes en invierno y su posición migra con las estaciones durante el año. Based on the analyses of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast, this thesis studies the formation and development of explosive cyclonic systems in two specific cases. One is a sea cyclone, being the most frequent type and the other is a land cyclone, since these cause the greatest economic losses. The processes responsible for the genesis and structure of these systems are studied analyzing the hydrodynamic system equations that govern atmospheric movement. The ageostrophic components of the land case are also analyzed. Finally, there being no climatology of this phenomenon in the region, the events occurred which occurred between 1979 and 1993 are identified and their temporal and spatial location is analyzed. The methodology selected in this study is the one proposed by Sanders and Gyakum, who in 1980 defined explosive cyclones or bombs as one bergeron (24 hPa/ 24 hours) sea level pressure drops. As the impact of pressure drops depends on latitude, these authors modulated this value by multiplying it by a factor that combines the mean latitude where the cyclone develops explosively and 60º. Although rapidly developing cyclones seem to have common characteristics, there is no agreement on whether there is only one triggering factor and what such factor is. Some studies state that the dynamic causes differ depending on the geographic regions. Studies on specific cases show that different processes can generate such cyclones. This kind of events has been widely studied in the Northern Hemisphere, not so in South America. Because explosive cyclogenesis studies in the southern hemisphere are scarce, the different mechanisms that can favor the formation and development of this phenomenon in southern South America are barely known. According to Gan and Rao (1996), specific case studies are necessary in order to determine the processes involved. The cases analyzed have common features. Both systems start with a baroclinic cyclone with cyclonic vorticity advection and divergence at upper levels, which act over a lower level baroclinic zone. The explosive cyclones studied present strong upper level divergence combined with a warm, moist air mass at low levels. This air mass associated to very rapid ascending vertical velocities produces great heat release due to condensation. Consequently, both cyclones have warm center. In the situations studied, released heat appears to be the major cause of explosive development. Values of ageostrophic components have the same order of magnitude as the wind. This indicates that subsynoptic-scale processes took part in these events. When breaking the land case into ageostrophic components according to their physical effects, all ageostrophy sources are found to be acting in the upper level divergence. At low levels, convergence is mainly due to temporal wind variations. The vertical advection component of wind takes part in the vertical positioning of the system and contributes to its displacement. In the 15-year reanalysis series of the European Center, 200 explosive cyclones were found, only 3 % of which took place over the continent. They are more frequent in winter and their location changes with the seasons along the year. Fil: Possia, Norma E.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentina.
- Published
- 2004
8. Surface layer processes and nocturnal low-level jet development--an observational study during PECAN
- Author
-
Wang, Qing, Nuss, Wendell, Meteorology, Beall, Michael K., Wang, Qing, Nuss, Wendell, Meteorology, and Beall, Michael K.
- Abstract
Low-level jets (LLJ) occur in many regions around the world and exhibit a diverse range of impacts across a variety of climate and weather-related applications, including U.S. Department of Defense assets and operations. A team from the Naval Postgraduate School participated in the 2015 Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) research project and collected high-resolution stable boundary layer data as it evolved through the night. The objective of this study was to use this dataset to identify the impact of LLJ presence on surface layer properties, such as thermal stability, dynamic stability, surface fluxes, and turbulence. Additionally, this study investigated pre-LLJ daytime surface layer conditions that might promote LLJ development and intensification. The subsequent analysis found that both nocturnal thermal stability and dynamic stability, while in the presence of a LLJ, were only marginally stable, a result consistent with previous literature that related LLJ development primarily to boundary layer properties above the surface layer. This study also found that nocturnal surface fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, and latent heat were significantly enhanced during LLJ events, owing mostly to larger-than-normal generation of shear-driven turbulence. Interestingly, this research also found that the presence of the nocturnal LLJ was highly correlated with values of thermal and dynamic stability that were close to neutral. This result appears to be inconsistent with previous literature in that LLJ presence is suggested to occur under clear, cloud-free conditions; this finding warrants further analysis. Finally, after examining the relationship between daytime turbulence and subsequent LLJ presence, jet development appeared to be well-correlated to higher levels of turbulence during the preceding daytime., http://archive.org/details/surfacelayerproc1094551646, Lieutenant, United States Navy, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
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