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Copyright of Neutrosophic Computing & Machine Learning is the property of Multimedia Larga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The increase in cases of bullying and cyberbullying has raised concerns about its impact on the mental health of young people, particularly its relationship with test anxiety, underscoring the need to delve deeper into this issue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether suffering and perpetrating aggressive acts (bullying and cyberbullying) are related to different dimensions of test anxiety. A total of 912 Spanish students (girls 52.7%) aged between 10 and 16 years (13.43 ± 1.73) participated in this study. The European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire, the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire, and the Test Anxiety Questionnaire (CAEX-A) were used. The association between test anxiety and bullying/cyberbullying (as victims and aggressors) was calculated via analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and binary logistic regression. All analyses were performed separately for boys and girls and adjusted for age, body mass index, maternal educational level, and academic performance. Students in bullying or cyberbullying contexts achieved significantly higher values in practically all anxiety factors analyzed (p < 0.05), especially in cognitive responses: 33.14% and 22.56% for bullying and cyberbullying victims, respectively, and 22.56% and 23.9% for aggressors. Victims of cyberbullying harassment had a high risk (OR: 8.311) of suffering diarrhoea, palpitations, chest tightness, nausea and fainting during exams, as well as avoidance behaviors (OR: 5.106) (both p < 0.001). The results, disaggregated by gender, showed that the relationship between feeling bullied in face-to-face interactions and experiencing test anxiety was only evident for girls, which seems to place them in a more vulnerable situation. Female victimization, although less frequent, could have lasting and harmful consequences. These findings highlight the need not only to implement intervention strategies in the school setting aimed at preventing and reducing bullying and cyberbullying but also to address anxiety and its physical and cognitive manifestations in both victims and aggressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the problems of such a social phenomenon as bullying among youth. The issue of relationships in a group, especially during the period of maturing and active development of personality, is very relevant. These relationships are not always constructive and aimed at cooperation: there are often situations of aggression that accompany the communication process in the group. One type of such aggressive behaviour is bullying, the manifestations of which are studied in this work. The authors have conducted a research using a quantitative method (questionnaire survey in 82 constituent entities of the Russian Federation) and qualitative methods (focus groups and project sessions). The most common forms of bullying have been identified. The authors have determined the subjects that, according to the respondents, should provide assistance to victims of bullying and the provocateurs of bullying (among whom are not only aggressors, but also victims). At the same time, as the research results show, new questions have arisen regarding the issue of the phenomenon, both terminological (what does modern youth understand by bullying) and socio-psychological (what are the similarities and differences between the aggressor, provocateur, victim), which will be solved at the next research stages.

This research aims to determine the magnitude to which aspects of the sociodemographic profile of students (gender, age, religion, ethnicity and race) influence both the acts of harassment received as a cybervictim and those carried out as a cyberaggressor. Additionally, aiming to discover which of these acts suffered as cybervictim or carried out as cyberaggressor increase or decrease to a greater extent, comparing a profile of potential cyberaggressor with another of potential cybervictim. For this purpose, an artificial neural network of the multilayer perceptron type is employed, generating an estimation model of these cybervictim and cyberaggressor facts based on the students' profile using data obtained through a five-points' Likert questionnaire. That is especially useful for detecting specific behaviours based on a certain profile, being able to determine which of these attitudes are most at risk of occurring to put the relevant measures in place to prevent them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in cases of bullying and cyberbullying has raised concerns about its impact on the mental health of young people, particularly its relationship with test anxiety, underscoring the need to delve deeper into this issue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether suffering and perpetrating aggressive acts (bullying and cyberbullying) are related to different dimensions of test anxiety. A total of 912 Spanish students (girls 52.7%) aged between 10 and 16 years (13.43 ± 1.73) participated in this study. The European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire, the European Cyberbullying Intervention Project Questionnaire, and the Test Anxiety Questionnaire (CAEX-A) were used. The association between test anxiety and bullying/cyberbullying (as victims and aggressors) was calculated via analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and binary logistic regression. All analyses were performed separately for boys and girls and adjusted for age, body mass index, maternal educational level, and academic performance. Students in bullying or cyberbullying contexts achieved significantly higher values in practically all anxiety factors analyzed (p < 0.05), especially in cognitive responses: 33.14% and 22.56% for bullying and cyberbullying victims, respectively, and 22.56% and 23.9% for aggressors. Victims of cyberbullying harassment had a high risk (OR: 8.311) of suffering diarrhoea, palpitations, chest tightness, nausea and fainting during exams, as well as avoidance behaviors (OR: 5.106) (both p < 0.001). The results, disaggregated by gender, showed that the relationship between feeling bullied in face-to-face interactions and experiencing test anxiety was only evident for girls, which seems to place them in a more vulnerable situation. Female victimization, although less frequent, could have lasting and harmful consequences. These findings highlight the need not only to implement intervention strategies in the school setting aimed at preventing and reducing bullying and cyberbullying but also to address anxiety and its physical and cognitive manifestations in both victims and aggressors.

Copyright of Pandectele Române is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Annals of the 'Al. I. Cuza' University, Iasi. Sociology & Social Work / Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii 'Al. I. Cuza' Iasi Sociologie si Asistenta Sociala is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The medical expertise activity is a necessary element and in close connection with the legal world, through legal medicine the possibility is realized through the application of justice in all situations in which it is applied, succeeding in accurately identifying a different aggressions applied to the victim. The examination must include the circumstances in which the act took place, the study of the person's body as well as the clothes worn at the time of the act, also the reasons and objectives of the examination, such as the examination of traumas, sexual assaults. A medico-legal specialist can also deduce classify the traumatic agent used, such as a blunt object, sharp bladed object, sharp point. The expert has the ability to determine the mechanism of injury based on the agent traumatic used. In the case in which the Forensic expert performs survey on victim's sexual assault, the forensic doctor must act as urgently as possible to take the biological samples, among the obligations a doctor has to establish the sexual maturity of the person, and to check the presence of different traumas that can be observed on the genital organ. Examination applied to the male individual being the establishment of the sexual capacity for fecundation, the inability to copulation it may be formula on the base of different factors, such as: the mental state due to fears or nervousness or due to various causes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate Partner Violence is a complex process in which individual, relational and contextual variables intervene. The aim of this study was to explore coping strategies and relational dynamics in conflict situations involving people convicted of intimate partner violence with their partners. Focus groups were conducted with convicted intimate partner violence offenders (12 participants) and with psychology professionals (4 participants). The data were explored through thematic analysis following the Nested Ecological Model. The group of convicted perpetrators showed roles of authority and superiority over the woman, a feeling of vulnerability and rejection of the existing legal framework, fear of being arrested for wanting to continue the relationship, the need to control the partner driven by jealousy, justification or denial of responsibility in violent situations or instrumentalization of the children in common. The professionals point out cultural aspects that facilitate violent patterns and roles in the couple's dynamics, communication problems, denial or low awareness of the crime, among other issues. The results are of special interest both for professionals who wish to learn or deepen their knowledge on the subject, as well as for those who work in intervention and/or prevention of intimate partner violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Doxa Comunicación is the property of Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo - CEU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Annals of the 'Al. I. Cuza' University, Iasi. Sociology & Social Work / Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii 'Al. I. Cuza' Iasi Sociologie si Asistenta Sociala is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The text aims to bring into attention a well-known issue in the field of deviance and delinquency, respectively of family violence, from the perspective of a crisis period we are all going through at global level, the COVID-19 pandemic. Starting from various theoretical assessments with an interdisciplinary character, we set out to analyze the situation regarding the domestic violence in our country in 2020, in the midst of a pandemic. Therefore, we identified various particularities regarding the domestic violence phenomenon, more precisely on the notification of the cases, as well as on the institutional, specialized intervention manner. Although the analysis of police statistics does not necessarily indicate an increase in the level of intrafamily violence compared to 2019, we believe that the „black figure“(the cases not reported to the authorities) hides a big part of this phenomenon. The crisis periods aggravate the social dysfunctions and family conflicts, which is why, at the end of this paper, we’ve made a set of proposals for streamlining the intervention in support of the victims.

Domestic violence is a social problem that deeply affects all countries in the world. Even though most societies are against it, and even more so, condemn any act of violence against women, the reality is often hidden or simply overlooked. This type of abuse causes serious traumatic consequences for both women and children, whether they are directly involved or not. This phenomenon is both a social and a health problem. The research focused on identifying the factors that influence women that are victims of domestic violence to remain with their aggressor. The research instrument is the interview, applied to 10 subjects, female victims of domestic violence. The results confirmed the hypotheses established at the beginning of the paper: family influence, financial dependence, low level of education and children are the main factors that influence victims to remain in an abusive relationship.

This paper explores the ways in which experiences of domestic violence in early childhood shape adult relationships and sense making of violence in adult life. Our data consists of interviews with 10 people who experienced domestic violence, most of them before the age of 9 and who also experienced inhibition, depression, anxiety, relationship conflicts with parents and partners in their adult life. Relationship with parents were severed; gender differences in couple relationships manifested in man interviewees trying not to be aggressive, while in women interviewees struggling with being the target of violence in their relationships. All interviewees believed that violence is not a way to solve problems.

The purpose of this article is to study the theoretical and applied aspects of bullying prevention in foreign countries and on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of foreign experience, to develop proposals for effective measures to prevent bullying in Ukraine. Methodology. Methodological tools are selected in accordance with the purpose, specifics of the object and subject of research. In the process of research the dialectical method of scientific knowledge of social and legal phenomena in their contradictions, development and changes is used, which allows to objectively assess the level and effectiveness of bullying prevention in Ukraine; formal-logical method, by means of which elements of the legal mechanism of violence prevention are revealed; comparative law method is used in the analysis of current legislation and international regulations. The theoretical basis of the publication were the works of domestic and foreign scientists on aspects of bullying prevention. The scientific novelty of the publication is that it outlines the main measures to prevent bullying in foreign countries. A number of recommendations have been proposed that can be used in precautionary measures for bullying and victim assistance. Conclusions. Given the catastrophic growth of this phenomenon in the country, there is an urgent need for constant updating of guidelines for teachers and psychologists to prevent bullying in schools. On the example of such countries as Sweden, Great Britain, Finland, the United States, Spain, Norway, Canada, Japan, it is necessary to introduce special programs in the field of educational activities, the purpose of which is to educate young people in the spirit of tolerance, democracy and human needs. attitude to their peers and other positive aspects. In tandem with numerous legal mechanisms, such an approach will make it possible to eradicate bullying not only in practice but also in the minds of Ukrainian society

Domestic violence is a social problem that deeply affects all countries in the world. Even though most societies are against it, and even more so, condemn any act of violence against women, the reality is often hidden or simply overlooked. This type of abuse causes serious traumatic consequences for both women and children, whether they are directly involved or not. This phenomenon is both a social and a health problem. The research focused on identifying the factors that influence women that are victims of domestic violence to remain with their aggressor. The research instrument is the interview, applied to 10 subjects, female victims of domestic violence. The results confirmed the hypotheses established at the beginning of the paper: family influence, financial dependence, low level of education and children are the main factors that influence victims to remain in an abusive relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bullying has a negative impact on adolescents' emotional and social development, especially in the case of victims. This study aims to explore the association of engagement in bullying behaviours, for both the victim and aggressor, with psychological well-being. A non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational quantitative study was designed, with the participation of 570 students between 14 and 15 years old (SD 0.99), of which 50.5% were girls and 49.5% boys, who were selected through stratified random sampling. Mean differences, bivariate correlations and multiple linear regressions were calculated to study the relationship between bullying and psychological well-being. Victims scored lower for subjective well-being, with the educational and social implications that this means. As for the aggressors, who scored higher on well-being than non-aggressors, the question is raised as to whether well-being increases with aggression or whether aggression is the result of lower levels of well-being. Female bullying victims belonging to the older age group are the participant profile with the lowest well-being scores. This gender perspective can be considered not only with regards to coexistence and bullying prevention plans but also shows the need to promote psychological well-being to educate towards equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to analyze the incidence of the application of a social pedagogical strategy in the prevention and reduction of bullying in 8th grade students of the Marceliano Polo Educational Institution of the municipality of Cereté - Córdoba. The study is of qualitative approach and is framed within the case study design with a sample of 36 eighth grade students and 2 teachers. The instruments were the survey form, the interview form and the field diary. For the data analysis, a triangulation of the information was done, in other words, the interview, the surveys and the development of the social pedagogical strategy Ëducating my Emotions¨ were assembled to carry out a comprehensive study which showed students’ thoughts and teachers’ perceptions clearly. The results obtained were able to establish the characterization of the students against bullying which was in a high percentage in the Verbal and Social dimensions, in terms of the teachers' perception it was shown that they know about the problem of bullying but do not use prevention strategies Finally, the application of the emotional intelligence strategy contributed to improve the behavior and coexistence in the students, as well as to face better everyday and non-everyday situations.

Coexistence between adolescents in educational centres and people outside these centres is increasingly mediated by the use of different technologies. The present study analyses the perceptions of 4,273 students in secondary education in Aragon (Spain) on how the positive relationships that occur in the educational centre (among students and their classmates, teachers, school principals and other staff) and between the family and the school mediate the prevention of bullying and cyberbullying. The study was performed in 20 educational centres of the Autonomous Community of Aragon, considering the stratified representation of the provinces, private and public schools, and rural and urban areas. The study was conducted by applying questionnaires on bullying and cyberbullying, among other questions, and by evaluating the relationship between students and the rest of the educational community. An analysis was elaborated from a structural equation model (SEM), using as exogenous variables the student’s assessment of relations with the rest of the members of the educational community and, as endogenous variables, victimization, aggression and perception of bullying situations and cyberbullying (bystanders). This study concluded by exposing aspects related to these protective factors, which are so important for the development of a positive coexistence and personal relationships. Our research brings advances towards a positive and transformative vision for preventing bullying and cyberbullying. From this proposal, we find interesting the importance and necessity to overcome the silence of cyber-victimized adolescents, reinforcing not only the peer network in the educational centre but also teacher and family networks.

Introduction: Physical abuse against children must be reported to the General Directorate for Social Assistance and Child Protection or to the District Police Departments by all specialists in the medical field, including dentists. The aim of this study was to analyze the traumatic injuries of the oral cavity as well as the injuries located on other parts of the body, resulting from the physical abuse inflicted by various means in children. Material and methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study on a group with 67 patients aged between 3 months and 18 years, namely 49 boys and 18 girls, residing in Bihor County, in rural and urban areas, victims of physical violence, between 2014-2018. The data were retrieved from the archives of the Bihor County Forensic Medicine Service, the Municipal Clinical Hospital “Dr. Gavril Curteanu” Oradea, Pediatrics Department, as well as a private dental practice in Oradea. We have analyzed the parameters related both to the victim and the aggressor. The data collected were statistically analyzed and processed and the results were rendered with the help of descriptive and correlational studies. Results: Following the child physical abuse, during the analyzed period, the most affected soft tissues in the oral and dental field were the lips (71.6%) and the cheeks (71.6%), whereas teeth (29.9%) and jaw bones (7.5%) were the most affected hard tissues. The most common associated injuries were located in the cephalic extremity (26.9%) and limbs (10.4%), and the average number of detected lesions was 2.31 ± 1.427, ranging between 1 and 7. The average age was 6.63± 3.7409 years, most of the victims being boys (73.1%) living in rural areas (64.2%). Conclusion: Physical abuse in children is a sensitive topic that must be properly addressed, given its long term consequences. The results of our study are in accordance with the majority of published data in terms on the most vulnerable categories of children and the most often encountered injuries. Given that cases of physical abuse are underreported by dentists, most often because they do not know how to proceed, it is required that all dentists be trained in diagnosing the most accurate forms of physical abuse and be notified of the ethical obligation to report any suspicion of physical abuse.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an upward trend in domestic violence cases at the international and, of course, national level. In fact, over time it has been shown that there are links between various natural disasters or pandemics and the increase in these cases. The first part of the study provides a brief theoretical analysis of domestic violence, as well as the main forms of manifestation and consequences for the victim. The second part focuses on the interrelationship between the sanitary measures imposed in the pandemic context and the impact on the evolution of this problem, as well as the identification of general factors that contributed to the emergence and maintenance of domestic violence, before and especially in the first year of the pandemic. Through the secondary data analysis, the third part of the study highlights the trends of domestic violence in Romania in the period between 2016-2020, focusing on the first year of the pandemic (2020), by looking at the statistics provided by the Agenţia Naţională Pentru Egalitate de Şanse pentru Femei şi Bărbaţi (ANES). The last part of our paper offers a series of discussions and conclusions on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the evolution of domestic violence cases. The main limitation of the study was a time deficit in the supply of specific statistics for 2021, as well as the general unpredictability of the pandemic in terms of future trends in domestic violence and case reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human life is the most important social value protected by criminal law. The legal protection of life is an essential condition for the existence and proper functioning of society as a whole, but also of the family as the basic cell of society. Murder committed against a family member, with its variants, respectively simple murder and qualified murder, is one of the normative modalities of the crime of domestic violence, provided and punished by article 199 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code. Family crimes are based on sexual motives, from the perspective of infidelity of spouses or concubines - jealousy and a strong desire for revenge cause the cheated spouse to suppress the life of the unfaithful spouse, often the murderous action is directed at a other people, the lover or boyfriend (girlfriend). Other causes of crimes committed in the family are egocentrism and uncontrollable pride of the aggressor, who wants to impose his supremacy over other family members, alcohol or psychoactive substances, but also major mental disorders such as schizophrenia or delusional disorders. Also, some patterns of household organization, but also some lifestyle habits, as well as the victimization of the minor child, can become stressors, generators of negative emotions, which ultimately lead to the killing of one or more family members. The victim also contributes to the criminal act through behavior and attitude - she is often guilty of the unfortunate finality of the acts of violence. The victim can be more guilty than the aggressor or even totally guilty, when she triggers the conflict, of course most of the time on the background of alcohol intoxication or with forbidden substances. The causes that influence victimization in the family are adultery, alcoholism, the existence of vices, behavioral rigidity, cohabitation, egocentrism and pride of the victim, but also impulsivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender-based violence is a phenomenon deeply rooted in social, cultural, psychological, and educational factors. To comply with social demands, Government agencies have promoted numerous development plans to reduce this kind of violence. The measures taken by the Spanish Government include preventive and educational measures as well as direct intervention with the victims and aggressors. This study is based on a Spanish psychological intervention with men convicted of gender-based violence. The study supports current evidence of male perpetrators as well as analyzing the effectiveness of these intervention programs. The results of the study indicate that the aggressors of gender-based violence present personality disorders, such as the compulsive behavior, and the results of intervention program indicate that the users obtain higher scores in social skills and empathy and lower scores in romantic jealousy and anger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's society, domestic violence is an extremely widespread phenomenon, being found both in rural communities and in the largest cities and urban settlements. The transition from a totalitarian state to a democratic rule has led to major changes in society as a whole, with Romania facing major changes of a political, economic, social and cultural nature. Along with the occurrence of these changes, the idea of family has also suffered, because, in the context of modern life, it is moving further and further away from its traditional model. The investigative approach consisted in conducting a quantitative research, the main tool being the questionnaire applied to a sample of 30 people, of which 28 came from urban areas and 2 from rural areas. The age of the respondents ranged from 20 to 65 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of domestic violence is widely debated in the literature, as it is one of the most brutal manifestations of inequality in society due to the physical, psychological and legal implications it involves, with multiple causes and forms of manifestation. This Article contains a brief presentation of the theorethical framework to address the phenomenon of violence. Although it is difficult to reach consensus among researchers, the presentation of various theories and perspectives is intended to understand the common thread that essentially permeates the phenomenon of domestic violence and it’s deeper understanding. This Article addresses the theories considered most representative for a comprehensive research into the phenomenon of violence, namely: Biological, sociological and psychological and psychosocial theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution explores the representation of the verbal image of aggression in the texts of the English-language digital mass media. The research is based on the quantitative and qualitative semantic analyses of 174 authentic English texts (journalistic reports and newspaper articles) produced during the period of 2013-2015 and selected on the basis of special criteria, which were elaborated in our previous works on detecting descriptors of aggression in written texts. The aim of the research is to reveal the structural components of the verbal image of aggression reproduced in the worldview of Russian native speakers after reading English texts (British and American digital newspapers articles) and to find out if the resulting cognitive model refers to the real act of aggression. The paper contributes to the research field of psycholinguistics, emphasizing the need to support people’s psychological health in the context of an aggressive media environment, which produces high psychological tension. The research methodology is based on a modified associative experiment procedure, which involves 98 native speakers of Russian (university students majoring in linguistics and translation). The obtained results demonstrate a great variability of the structural elements of aggression verbalized in mass media texts. They also indicate that the focus of the reader’s attention is deliberately shifted towards the formation of a hostile cognitive model of the world, with the aggressor and the third party involved in the aggressive act in the center of the battlefield, and the victim of aggression on the periphery. The findings are illustrated by textual examples from authentic British and American newspaper articles and supplied with the author’s commentaries.

In recent decades, bullying has become an undesirable but increasingly prevalent reality of the education systems, of schools around the world. Taking into consideration the destructive effects of any kind of aggression on children and adolescents, it is necessary to correlate the efforts of all the factors involved in the school activity, to prevent or intervene in order to reduce the effects of bullying on the emotional, physical and well-being of those involved. The present study aims to identify the specifics of this phenomenon, viewed from the perspective of some theoreticians and practitioners in the field of education, during the process of training, respectively of some students-future teachers. The incursion made in the literature of the problem aimed at substantiating the theoretical aspects on the stated topic, and the investigative approach, carried out on a group of subjects consisting of 93 students from the Faculty of Letters, University of Craiova, the first year of studies – bachelor and the first year in psycho-pedagogical training program. It was based on the capitalization of the results of their activity regarding both the diagnosis of the bullying phenomenon in the Romanian schools and the proposal of some ways of prevention/ intervention in this problem. Also, to complete the picture of the specifics of the bullying phenomenon in Romanian schools, we used an interview guide, attended by 20 students, selected from the sample mentioned above. The results of our investigation confirmed the established hypotheses and facilitated the achievement of its aims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the ways in which experiences of domestic violence in early childhood shape adult relationships and sense making of violence in adult life. Our data consists of interviews with 10 people who experienced domestic violence, most of them before the age of 9 and who also experienced inhibition, depression, anxiety, relationship conflicts with parents and partners in their adult life. Relationship with parents were severed; gender differences in couple relationships manifested in man interviewees trying not to be aggressive, while in women interviewees struggling with being the target of violence in their relationships. All interviewees believed that violence is not a way to solve problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The population is divided into two camps: the aggressors and the aggressed. In the long run, both sides suffer. The aggressed tend to become individuals with low self-esteem, insecure about themselves, and with various deficiencies in social integration. Meanwhile, the aggressors tend to flirt with the darker side of life, some even ending up on the criminal side. Both camps can come from unstable or problematic families. This trend has gained momentum also due to adults such as teachers, parents, guardians, as they do not take bullying seriously. They consider it simply teasing among peers that most likely cannot have negative repercussions in the medium or long term, right? Objective: To bring the term 'bullying' into people's perspective. To find ways to diminish this phenomenon. Material and methods: As a method of psychological investigation, an anonymous questionnaire consisting of 19 questions was used, encompassing both demographic questions (gender, age, year of study, and faculty) and those related to the subject matter. The sample targeted 57 young adults from the university environment, comprising 45.6% females and 54.4% males, with data collection taking place between September 2023 and December 2023. Results : Following data analysis, it was observed that the majority of individuals had experienced a bullying situation (77.2%), while 15.8% had not experienced such a situation, and the remaining 7% were unsure if they had experienced it. Among those who completed the questionnaire, 61.4% believe they can receive help from outside sources to overcome such situations, while 22.8% believe they have to cope on their own, and the remaining 15.8% are unsure. The study conducted demonstrates the complex nature of individuals and the changes they may undergo throughout their lives. Thus, 24.6% of individuals have experienced the role of the aggressor, 21.1% are not sure, and the majority have never been in this position (54.4%). A person's character is directly influenced by their past, experiences, and choices made. An important pillar in this development is childhood sports; unfortunately, only 47.4% have practiced a sport, with the majority (50.9%) not doing so. Conclusions: In conclusion, overcoming a bullying situation requires both the involvement of close ones and strong personal character. Character can be well built and strengthened through practicing high-performance sports from childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I discuss how indigenous understandings of time can contribute to broader studies of human societies, civilizations, and world history. Colonial paradigms have extended into the realm of world history and assumptions of human behavior have been unfairly applied to all human societies and labeled humans as aggressors against nature and each other. This is unjust especially to the populations that remain victims of colonialism and imperialism. I have developed or, put more appropriately, revealed an indigenous historical paradigm that can be applied to the study of human societies, but my primary goal is to provide a model that links indigenous histories in comparative studies of humans and human societies. To provide an adequate discussion of this model, I use examples from two indigenous societies (Maya and Hopi) to develop my thesis, and two other indigenous societies (Haudenosaunee and Cheyenne) for evaluation under this thesis. I conclude with a final discussion of Christian societies and their place in an indigenous view of world history.

In Indonesia, three institutions are responsible for the sustainability of education, namely family, school, and society. Since a child enters school age, the responsibility for his/her education is left to the school, without eliminating his/her family. During the Covid-19 pandemic, it seems as if the role of education is left to the family, which is forced to accept and support the government's efforts. This article would examine literature and opinions regarding strengthening the role of education in the family during the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose was to find out what the role of the family is in the educational process of children at home during the Covid-19 pandemic as a form of harmonious cooperation with schools and what families should do to strengthen education during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study found that the role of the family to strengthen education at home was to motivate, guide, and assist children in participating in learning at home, realize their obligations and responsibility for education for their children, and support all directions from the government, schools, and teachers regarding the learning process at home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In areas where wasps are common, many wasp sting incidents occur. However, guidance on the correct response to wasp attacks remains lacking. In this study, behavioral response experiments were conducted with the aim of minimizing damage from group wasp attacks. The study species was Vespa velutina, which frequently causes wasp sting injuries in the southern regions of South Korea. Results demonstrated that worker wasps showed defensive behavior when a person approached within 3 m of the nest, and the attack rate was higher when the person conducted a large arm swing. When a person walked away after touching a nest, the number of workers attacking did not significantly decrease until they reached 5 m, this reduced to less than half when the person reached 10 m. Approximately 1.3 workers attacked even up to 300 m. However, when the person ran, the number of workers attacking was almost one or less after 10 m. Therefore, it is best to escape quickly to at least 10 m to reduce injury from group attacks. When wasps attacked, even if the person crouched, the attack did not decrease. Our recommended defensive behavior when wasps attack unexpectedly is that victims should turn their face in the opposite direction to the nest or the wasps, protect their face with their hands and arms, lean forward and run away rapidly to minimize injury. Wearing a wide brim hat was very effective, preventing about 75% of stings to the head, so this is also recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With regard to negative consequences, cyberbullying is recognized as one of the most traumatic types of cyber aggression. The aim is to study the specific features of adolescents and youth's cyberbullying experience in the role of an aggressor, victim or bystander, as well as awareness on the part of parents of adolescents. A total of 3395 adolescents, youth and parents filled out specially designed questionnaires. Older adolescents turned out to be at higher risk of cyberbullying. In two-thirds of cases, cyberbullying is related to real-life incidents. Aggressors are motivated by domination and entertainment, primarily employing strategies of social exclusion, harassment and denigration. As victims of cyberbullying, younger adolescents turn to their parents and friends for social support, whereas older adolescents and young adults are more likely turn to their peers. In the role of a bystander, almost half of younger adolescents and about a third of older adolescents and young adults choose the prosocial strategy of protecting a victim. The parents often underestimate the experience of encountering cyberbullying or find it difficult to assess such experience. The identified risk groups and strategies and the lack of parents' awareness are important to take into account when drawing up cyberbullying prevention programs.

Commercial cinema in Spain, as in the rest of the world, has gone to great lengths to describe visually, without any intention of protest, each and every one of the forms of violence against women: physical, psychological, financial, social and, lastly, sexual. Beyond insinuating and intimidating compliments and gazes, sexual violence is something that is excepted in scripts, even in those of famous directors who create powerful female characters. The aim of this paper is to know how the Spanish directors, of both sexes, represent the topic of sexual violence, paying attention to the masculinity of the characters. To this end, a content analysis was performed on twelve films from a narrative perspective. In a second stage, employing methodological triangulation and a questionnaire as a quantitative tool, university students were asked about how they perceived the scenes of sexual violence in these films. The results show, on one side, that rape is the act of sexual violence more represented and, on the other hand, a lack of awareness about the treatment of rape in Spanish cinema, as well as its rejection by young audiences.

BackgroundSchool violence and bullying are prevalent problems that affect health in general, especially through the development of emotional and behavioral problems, and can result in the deterioration of the academic performance of the student victim. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence rates of aggressive behaviors according to types of school violence and bullying, sociodemographic characteristics, and variation by department, region, and time in the period between 2014 and 2018 in Peru.MethodsThe design was observational and cross-sectional based on data from the Specialized System for Reporting Cases of School Violence (Sistema Especializado en Reporte de Casos sobre Violencia Escolar—SíseVe) in Peru, which covers a population of 23,641 students at the initial, primary, and secondary levels of Basic Regular Education [Educación Básica Regular (EBR)], for the 2014–2018 period. The prevalence rates of the different types of school violence and bullying, the sociodemographic characteristics, and the variation by department, region, and time in the period between 2014 and 2018 were estimated.ResultsPsychological violence/bullying occurred at higher prevalence rates (185.8 and 62.6 per 100,000 residents). Women from public institutions reported greater sexual violence, mostly by teachers (67.8%) than by other students (32.2%). The Selva region had the highest prevalence rate of sexual violence (10.1 per 100,000 residents). The departments of Tacna and Piura had the highest and lowest rates of psychological/verbal violence and bullying in 2018 (95.79 and 25.31 per 100,000 residents).ConclusionPsychological/verbal violence and bullying is highly prevalent among students; women report being victims of sexual violence by administrative personnel of public institutions. The Selva region had the highest rate of sexual violence, and Piura and Tacna had the highest and lowest rates of violence and psychological/verbal bullying. Based on these results, it is suggested to conduct evidence-based prevention programs in Peruvian schools to reduce these social problems.

Copyright of Journal on Masculinities & Social Change / Masculinidades y Cambio Social is the property of Journal on Masculinities & Social Change / Masculinidades y Cambio Social and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: School violence and bullying are prevalent problems that affect health in general, especially through the development of emotional and behavioral problems, and can result in the deterioration of the academic performance of the student victim. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence rates of aggressive behaviors according to types of school violence and bullying, sociodemographic characteristics, and variation by department, region, and time in the period between 2014 and 2018 in Peru. Methods: The design was observational and cross-sectional based on data from the Specialized System for Reporting Cases of School Violence (Sistema Especializado en Reporte de Casos sobre Violencia Escolar—SíseVe) in Peru, which covers a population of 23,641 students at the initial, primary, and secondary levels of Basic Regular Education [Educación Básica Regular (EBR)], for the 2014–2018 period. The prevalence rates of the different types of school violence and bullying, the sociodemographic characteristics, and the variation by department, region, and time in the period between 2014 and 2018 were estimated. Results: Psychological violence/bullying occurred at higher prevalence rates (185.8 and 62.6 per 100,000 residents). Women from public institutions reported greater sexual violence, mostly by teachers (67.8%) than by other students (32.2%). The Selva region had the highest prevalence rate of sexual violence (10.1 per 100,000 residents). The departments of Tacna and Piura had the highest and lowest rates of psychological/verbal violence and bullying in 2018 (95.79 and 25.31 per 100,000 residents). Conclusion: Psychological/verbal violence and bullying is highly prevalent among students; women report being victims of sexual violence by administrative personnel of public institutions. The Selva region had the highest rate of sexual violence, and Piura and Tacna had the highest and lowest rates of violence and psychological/verbal bullying. Based on these results, it is suggested to conduct evidence-based prevention programs in Peruvian schools to reduce these social problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to present Restorative Justice (JR) as an alternative to resolve conflicts in cases involving domestic and family violence against women. Guided by singular methods and principles, Restorative Justice is gaining more and more recognition and adherence, since the traditional criminal justice system, essentially focused on punishment, has been ineffective and violates fundamental constitutional rights. Restorative practices view crime not as exclusively state protection, but as a broken relationship between offender-victimcommunity. The victim, relegated, takes an active role in the criminal process. The aggressor, in turn, is led to take responsibility for the damage caused, in a conscientious and reintegrative way. In this sense, the research will point out the main doctrinal criticisms to the criminal responses given by retributive justice in the confrontation of domestic and family violence against women from the Maria da Penha Law, suggesting then the insertion and complementation through restorative practices as a perspective of concrete changes in the reality of those involved. For the elaboration of the research, the technique of survey and analysis of the bibliography, of the existing legislation and of some records of the Brazilian experiences on the proposed theme was used, giving priority to the inductive and qualitative method, in order to understand and improve the practices of restoration, in a theoretical and critical way, as an adequate way for the effective solution of the conflict to cases of violence against women in the domestic sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the issue of risk factors of communication in cyberspace with specific emphasis on cyberstalking and cybergrooming and has the character of a theoretical study. The main goal of the paper is to define selected risks of Internet communication, to identify the main characteristics of e-aggressors and to determine the legislative framework of cyberstalking and cybergrooming in the Slovak Republic. The first part of the paper defines the essential theoretical background of the researched phenomena from various approaches of authors. The paper also reflects on the typology of aggressors in cyberspace and fundamental demonstrations by which are these undesirable phenomena determined. In the second part, the authors submit the legislative inclusion of the researched issue and emphasize the importance of media education, preventive activities and projects, which can eliminate dangers associated with communication in cyberspace especially in the context of children users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented paper deals with the issue of cyberbullying, which we consider a negative and very harmful phenomenon existing today. Cyberbullying is one of the many pitfalls of the Internet and one of the risks associated with its use. Although, the issue has recently received increased attention, the so-called e-bullying is relatively widespread, and it is necessary to appeal to the development of educational activities in this area. In the introduction of the presented text, the authors outline the theoretical basis of the issue, describe the current state and possibilities of prevention. The aim of the paper is to review the current state of cyberbullying in selected educational institutions in Slovakia through a questionnaire. The intention of the authors is to find out to what extent the determined research sample has been exposed to cyberbullying, what is the level of awareness of pupils and students about the phenomenon, but also what consequences victims suffer after the encounter with cyberbullying (physical or mental consequences). The paper presents partial results of the research carried out within the research for the diploma thesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Violence has been part of the human history since its very beginning. As some believe, it is "Cain's sin" that determines violent human behaviour. Though this belief is obviously simplified, it reflects the nature of man. We are eager to seek evil in others, in individuals and in social structures. It is not just the family that is oppressive. Violence is ubiquitous; it is inflicted by peer groups, social classes, organisations, and by the state. Violence is commonly defined as social behaviour against someone or something, the aggressor being on one side and the victim on the other. Usually, a narrow definition of violence is used; i.e., violence is understood as the use of force to obtain from others what they are not willing to give or what they do not want to do. However, violence is a more complex phenomenon. Some forms of violence are sophisticated and difficult to discern, not only in the behaviour of others but also in our own actions. Violence occurs on a micro- scale in the form of pressure, extortion, inducement, or restrictions, and on a macro-scale - as wars, crises, terroristic acts, or revolutions. Violence is not only physical and psychological; it may also be personal, structural, hidden, explicit, emotional, and rational. What follows, it takes place in a wide array of spaces: in culture, sport, politics, the media, in the public space and at home. Therefore, the narrow definition of violence fails to include many of its aspects, and as such it is not practical. Using such a definition, we are left with extreme cases, so in fact we define pathologies. A serious difficulty in defining violence is connected with defining human rights in a unified way. These vary from culture to culture and have been evolving throughout history. Violation of these rights constitutes the essence of what is referred to as violent behaviour. Each society defines and attempts to prevent violence differently, and also in its own way indicates those who judge the perpetrators of prohibited acts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes emotional intelligence and cognitive and affective empathy in a sample of 128 convicts of gender violence, incarcerated in different Spanish prisons; and the predictive value of emotional intelligence on the empathy construct. The Spanish adaptation of the Meta-Mood Scale Trait (TMMS-24) and the Cognitive and Affective Empathy Test (TECA) were applied for this research. The results suggest that the sample has an adequate metaknowledge of emotional states, an awareness of their own emotions and dexterity to regulate these emotions. Also the subjects presented average levels of cognitive and affective empathy. In addition, it was found that a better understanding and regulation of their own emotion (components of emotional intelligence) would relate to and, at the same time, predict an adequate recognition of emotional states of the other person and an ability to put oneself in another's place (cognitive empathy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: As the use of Internet has become more and more accessible globally, phenomena such as cyberbullying have also emerged - adolescents being amongst the vulnerable categories. Objectives: Identifying the mediating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between cyberbullying (aggressor, victim) and emotional state (anxiety, depression). Methods: The sample consisted of 165 adolescents from Romania, out of which 51 (30.9%) were male and 114 (69.1%) female. The age of the participants is between 12 and 18 years (M = 15.43, SD = 1.89). Taking into consideration the educational level, the participants range from being enrolled in the 5th grade to the 12th grade (57 of them are in secondary school and 108 in high school). Results: The obtained results show that there is a statistically significant relation between all studied variables, self-esteem having a partial mediating effect in their relationships. Conclusions: If self-esteem was taken into account, the effects of the phenomenon of online bullying could be diminished. Thus, interventions on adolescents' self-esteem would be more than welcome and widely recognized as necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte is the property of Revista Virtual Universidad Catolica del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study analyses the perceptions of n. = 4,273 high school students in the Spanish region of Aragón about relational bullying and cyberbullying from different perspectives, those of victims, aggressors and bystanders, to explore the possible concurrence between both types of bullying. A structural model of the concurrence between both types of violence was analysed, obtaining an optimal fit. This model of both relational bullying and cyberbullying represents a significant advance by including perspectives not only of aggressors and victims, but also those of bystanders. Results indicate that traditional bullying extends to cyberbullying among those involved: Both aggressors and victims of relational bullying are often bystanders of cyberbullying. Regarding the latter, the bystander in this type of violence may tend to be a victim or an aggressor in relational bullying who replicates behaviour he or she has seen before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]