46 results on '"angiografía por tomografía computarizada"'
Search Results
2. Atypical Presentation of Giant Cell Arteritis: Case Report.
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CONTRERAS ACOSTA, RAFAEL, SPATH SPATH, ALFONSO, MARTÍNEZ CARREÑO, ERIKA, ALMANZA GLORIA, CAMILO JOSÉ, PEDROSA ALGARIN, MARINA, GONZÁLEZ QUIROGA, JAVIER, and CASTRO PEREIRA, MARÍA
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MAGNETIC resonance angiography ,AORTIC intramural hematoma ,GIANT cell arteritis ,ACUTE phase proteins ,INFLAMMATION - Abstract
Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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3. Herramientas para el tamizaje de aneurisma de aorta abdominal.
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Angelica Hernández-Peñuela, Mayra, Augusto Hosman, Manuel, Cristina Brito-Rojas, Isabel, Carolina Riscanevo, Angie, Fernando Muñoz, Juan, Felipe Cabrera, Luis, Fernando Mejía, Gabriel, and Varela, Juan
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ABDOMINAL aortic aneurysms , *DISEASE risk factors , *HYPERTENSION , *MEDICAL screening - Abstract
Introduction. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dilation of the abdominal aorta greater than 1.5 times the expected diameter. Its prevalence is variable, with reported rates of up to 12.5%. It is considered the cause of death of more than 10,000 people a year in the United States. The objective of this literature review was to describe risk factors and screening tools for AAA. Methods. A literature search was conducted using two equations in electronic databases, using terms selected from "Medical Subject Heading" (MeSH) and "Descriptors in Health Sciences" (DeCS). The quality of the studies was evaluated with the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) tool. Results. Forty articles were collected and from them the review text was constructed, identifying the risk factors associated with the development of AAA, such as male sex, smoking, high blood pressure, family history and obesity, among others. Diabetes mellitus seems to act as a protective factor. Among the screening instruments, abdominal ultrasound is one of the most used. Conclusion. AAA is a multifactorial pathology. Currently, aortic ultrasonography is the method of choice for screening, allowing early detection. Screening for AAA with non-invasive methods, such as ultrasound, is useful especially in areas with a high prevalence of this pathology and in patients with certain risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Morphometry of the Middle Cerebral Arteries: A Radio-Anatomical Study Based on Computed Tomography Angiography Findings.
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Çiftçi, Rukiye, Toy, Seyma, Ulubaba, Hilal Er, Senol, Deniz, Çinarli, F. S., and Sigirci, Ahmet
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COMPUTED tomography , *CEREBRAL arteries , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *ANGIOGRAPHY , *IMAGE analysis , *MORPHOMETRICS - Abstract
Middle cerebral artery (MCA), which has the largest irrigation area of the arteries that feed the brain, is an important artery whose microanatomy should be well known because of its vascular variation. In pathologies which are known to affect the cerebrovascular system such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension, morphometric characteristics of MCA gain importance. The aim of this study is to compare the morphometric characteristics of M1 segment of MCA in T2DM and hypertensive patients with those of healthy control group by using computed tomographic angiography (CTA). The study was carried out with retrospective morphometric analysis of CTA images of 200 individuals between 40 and 65 years of age. The individuals were grouped in four as hypertensive patients (group 1), patients with T2DM (group 2), patients with hypertension and T2DM (group 3) and healthy control group (group 4). Length and diameter measurements of M1 segment were performed and recorded by using 3D CTA images. While statistically significant difference was found between bilateral M1 segment diameters of both women and men (p<0.05), no statistically significant difference was found between segment lengths (p>0.05). As a result of the post hoc analysis performed, it was concluded that right and left M1 segment diameter of group 1, group 2 and group 3 was found to be different from group 4 in both sexes (p<0.05). We believe that this study will both be a guide in radio-anatomic assessments to be performed and also increase microanatomic level of information in the surgical treatment of the artery by showing the morphometric changes that occur in M1 segment of MCA in T2DM diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Pertinencia de la solicitud del dímero D en pacientes de un servicio de urgencias
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Santiago Sánchez-Pardo and Luis Carlos Rodríguez-Peralta
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embolia pulmonar ,trombosis de la vena ,probabilidad ,errores diagnósticos ,angiografía por tomografía computarizada ,Medicine - Abstract
RESUMEN: Introducción. El tromboembolismo pulmonar y la trombosis venosa profunda son urgencias cardiovasculares relativamente comunes, se han descrito diferentes predictores clínicos para la estratificación del riesgo, biomarcadores séricos y pruebas de imagenología. Dentro de los biomarcadores séricos se ha descrito el dímero D. Debido a que la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa es un reto diagnóstico para el clínico, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la pertinencia de la solicitud del dímero D, en el servicio de urgencias de un centro de tercer nivel en la ciudad de Bogotá durante los años 2018-2019. Metodología. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal retrospectivo de pacientes que consultaron al servicio de urgencias, de una clínica de tercer nivel, de la ciudad de Bogotá, durante el periodo 2018-2019. Resultados. Se revisaron 583 historias clínicas, se excluyeron 107 pacientes, con un total final de 474 (57.3% mujeres y 42.6% hombres). De estos, 21 pacientes presentaron estudios positivos (angiotomografía y Doppler venoso). El dímero D presentó un valor predictivo negativo inferior al 50%. Discusión. A pesar de los resultados y de ser un estudio de un solo centro se evidencian las dificultades que tienen los médicos de los servicios de urgencias al momento de solicitar pruebas diagnósticas. Conclusiones. Este estudio evidencia la dificultad que existe en los servicios de urgencias al momento de la evaluación diagnóstica y cómo la solicitud de los paraclínicos tiene que ser un proceso estandarizado, guiado por los motivos de consulta y hallazgos al examen físico, y así no perder las características operativas de las pruebas diagnósticas y su utilidad al momento de la evaluación clínica. ABSTRACT Introduction. Pulmonary thromboembolisms and deep vein thromboses are relatively common cardiovascular emergencies. Various clinical predictors, serial biomarkers and imaging tests have been described for the stratification of the risk. D-dimer has been described within the serial biomarkers. Since venous thromboembolic disease is a diagnostic challenge for doctors, the objective of this study was to assess the pertinence of the D-dimer request in emergency services in a level three center in Bogotá during 2018-2019. Methodology. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional retrospective study of patients who resorted to emergency services in a level three clinic in Bogotá during 2018-2019. Results. 583 medical records were reviewed, and 107 patients were excluded, with a final total of 474 patients (57.3% women and 42.6% men). Of these, 21 patients had positive studies (angiotomography and venous doppler ultrasound). D-dimer had a negative predictive value of less than 50%. Discussion. Despite the results and it being a study in a single clinic, the difficulties emergency service doctors experience when requesting diagnostic tests can be observed. Conclusions. This study shows the difficulties in emergency services when performing a diagnosis. The request for complementary tests has to be a standardized process guided by the reasons for the consultation and findings from the physical exam, in order not to lose the operational characteristics of the diagnostic tests and their usefulness during the clinical evaluation. RESUMO Introdução. Tromboembolismo pulmonar e trombose venosa profunda são emergências cardiovasculares relativamente comuns. Têm sido descritos diferentes preditores clínicos para estratificação de risco, biomarcadores séricos e testes de imagem. Entre os biomarcadores séricos, foi descrito o D-dímero. Considerando que a doença tromboembólica venosa é um desafio diagnóstico para o clínico, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relevância da solicitação de D-dímero no serviço de emergência de um centro de terceiro nível na cidade de Bogotá ao longo dos anos 2018-2019. Metodologia. Estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal retrospectivo de pacientes que consultaram o serviço de emergência de uma clínica de terceiro nível na cidade de Bogotá, no período de 2018-2019. Resultados. Foram revisados 583 prontuários, excluídos 107 pacientes, totalizando 474 (57.3% mulheres e 42.6% homens). Destes, 21 pacientes apresentaram estudos positivos (angiotomografia e Doppler venoso). D-dímero apresentou valor preditivo negativo inferior a 50%. Discussão. Apesar dos resultados e do fato de se tratar de um estudo só de um centro, são evidentes as dificuldades que os médicos de emergência apresentam ao solicitarem exames diagnósticos. Conclusões. Este estudo mostra a dificuldade que existe nos serviços de emergência no momento da avaliação diagnóstica e como a solicitação dos testes paraclínicos tem que ser um processo padronizado, orientado pelos motivos da consulta e pelos resultados do exame físico, e assim não perder as características operacionais dos exames diagnósticos e sua utilidade no momento da avaliação clínica.
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- 2021
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6. Tromboembolismo pulmonar que simula síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del segmento ST.
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Alonso Herrera, Alain, Nápoles Lizano, Mario E., Ibáñez Azán, Rafael A., and Rodríguez León, Arnaldo
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Pulmonary embolism takes place as a consequence of the migration of a thrombus towards the pulmonary vascular tree. Patients frequently report chest pain that can mimic an acute coronary syndrome. We present the case of a 57-year-old patient who came to the emergency department with acute chest pain and dyspnea. He was diagnosed as a non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome, due to the electrocardiographic changes that he presented at admission, but the echocardiographic findings showed increased pulmonary pressures, and the invasive coronary angiography, normal coronary arteries; therefore, a pulmonary angiography with multislice tomography was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis of bilateral pulmonary embolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
7. Cefalea mortal: Aneurisma en espejo a proposito de un caso.
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Dávila-Hernández, Carlos A., Arriola-Torres, Luis F., Moreno-Legua, Jorge E., Carrasco-Farfán, Carlos A., and Cámara-Reyes, Ramón R.
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Background: Intracerebral aneurysms are incidental findings in imaging studies performed for other diagnoses. Case Report: 35-year-old female patient, who presented syncope after severe headache without yielding to conventional treatment with NSAIDs; with a history of long-standing headache and sporadic treatment. On examination: neurological: awake, facial asymmetry, dysarthria, decreased muscle strength in both lower limbs, no meningeal signs; the brain tomographic report without contrast indicated: expansive brain lesions of etiology to be determined at both sides of the diencephalon: rule out glioma vs aneurysms; cerebral Angiotac with contrast, reflects bilateral intracranial internal carotid and middle cerebral (mirror) aneurysms. Subsequently the patient was evaluated by the neurosurgeon on duty, who indicated to refer to a center of higher complexity, for not having the necessary instruments for surgery; patient died on the way to the referral center. Conclusions: Being a rare pathology, it is not considered as a first option for diagnostic suspicion after a headache event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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8. Principales medidas anatómicas de las cavidades cardíacas y grandes vasos por tomografía computarizada cardíaca de doble fuente.
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Nápoles Lizano, Mario E., Puerto Díaz, Margarita, and Ibáñez Azán, Rafael A.
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Introduction: Technological advances in computed tomography have made it possible to assess small, mobile structures such as the coronary arteries and the rest of the heart. Cardiac tomography provides anatomical and functional information. Objectives: To identify the values of the main anatomical sizes of the cardiac chambers and great vessels, and compare them with the reference values. Methods: An analytical research and development study was conducted with a population of 325 normotensive, non-obese patients without cardiopulmonary or great vessel structural disease, arrhythmia or significant coronary artery disease. One hundred patients were selected by simple random probability sampling, who underwent dual-source cardiac computed tomography at the Cardiocentro Ernesto Che Guevara, Santa Clara, Cuba. Results: Left and right ventricular measurements showed differences when compared with most reference values. Aortic diameters increased with age. They were higher in men and were different from the reference values except for the short axis diameter of the aortic root in end-diastole and short-axis diameter of the descending aorta in end-systole. The pulmonary artery showed significant differences in relation to the reference values. Conclusions: Measurements of cardiac chambers and great vessels by tomographic techniques are necessary in certain population groups to achieve adequate standardization due to their great variability in relation to different variables. The significant difference with the reference values indicates the need for multicenter studies with larger populations to achieve homogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
9. Usefulness of Spectral Cardiac Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Thrombotic Complications in Patients with Ischemic Stroke.
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RODRÍGUEZ-GRANILLO, GASTÓN A., CIRIO, JUAN, CIARDI, CELINA, CERON, MARCOS, RUBILAR, BIBIANA, BLEISE, CARLOS, INGINO, CARLOS, and LYLYK, PEDRO
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ISCHEMIC stroke ,COMPUTED tomography ,COVID-19 pandemic ,CARDIOMYOPATHIES ,THROMBOSIS - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Argentina de Cardiología is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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10. Manejo del trauma penetrante de cuello en dos hospitales de Bogotá, Colombia
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Maikel Adolfo Pacheco, Guillermo Eduardo Aldana, Álvaro Eduardo Granados, Luis Eduardo Martínez, Jimena Santacoloma, Rogers Leonardo Baquero, and Margarita María Ramírez
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traumatismos del cuello ,traumatismos penetrantes ,examen físico ,signos y síntomas ,angiografía por tomografía computarizada ,protocolos clínicos ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Introducción. El manejo del trauma penetrante de cuello en pacientes estables, según la zona de Monson lesionada, orienta la solicitud de pruebas diagnósticas para identificar lesiones vasculares, de las vías aéreas y del tubo digestivo. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes de 15 años o más con trauma penetrante de cuello, que consultaron a los dos hospitales de la Sociedad de Ciru- gía de Bogotá en un periodo de cinco a seis años. Se recolectó la información demográfica, clínica y de las pruebas diagnósticas practicadas, para determinar su utilidad. Las variables cualitativas se describieron con frecuencias relativas y absolutas, y las cuantitativas, con medias y desviaciones estándar. Resultados. Inicialmente, se incluyeron 148 pacientes, de los cuales 133 fueron catalogados como estables du- rante la valoración primaria, con un promedio de edad de 33,04 años (desviación estándar, DE=12,9); la mayoría (88,7 %) eran hombres. La mediana de la estancia hospitalaria fue de dos días (rango intercuartílico, RIQ=1-4 días). En la mayoría (117; 87,9 %) de los casos, la herida fue causada con arma cortopunzante. En casi todas las pruebas diagnósticas, se reportaron pocos hallazgos anormales, a excepción de la angiotomo- grafía (angio-TC) que se practicó en 59 pacientes y demostró 43 resultados anormales. Se decidió tratamiento quirúrgico en siete pacientes catalogados como estables al ingreso y, en 14, por resultados anormales de las pruebas diagnósticas. Se presentaron cinco fallecimientos. Conclusión. El examen físico, la observación clínica y la angio-TC son suficientes para identificar lesiones vascu- lares, de la vía aérea o del tubo digestivo en los pacientes con trauma penetrante de cuello, en hospitales que no son considerados como especializados en trauma.
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- 2019
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11. Dysfunctioning mechanical mitral valve prosthesis: When thrombus over pannus makes hinders diagnosis.
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Barrio Alonso AI, López Suarez RY, Álvarez Cabo R, and Ríos Gómez E
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- Humans, Mitral Valve diagnostic imaging, Mitral Valve pathology, Pannus, Thrombosis diagnostic imaging, Thrombosis etiology, Thrombosis pathology, Heart Valve Prosthesis adverse effects
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Prosthetic valve obstruction is a rare but potentially lethal complication. The most frequent causes are thrombus and pannus formation, in the absence of infectious data. Diagnosis is not always easy using cardiac CT scanning and in 46%-85% of cases thrombus and pannus coexist, complicating the diagnosis. A rapid diagnosis is essential to avoid a fatal outcome of this pathology whose mortality, despite correct treatment, is high., (Copyright © 2023 SERAM. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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12. Utilidad de la angiografía pulmonar por tomografía computarizada en las salas de emergencia de un hospital nacional de EsSalud.
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Meza, Alexander Román and Fernández, Paul Alfaro
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LUNG radiography , *ANGIOGRAPHY , *CHI-squared test , *COMPUTED tomography , *FISHER exact test , *HEALTH facilities , *HOSPITAL emergency services , *PULMONARY embolism , *PULMONARY hypertension , *CROSS-sectional method - Abstract
Objective: To determine the utility of pulmonary angiography by spiral CT scan in an emergency room of a national hospital of EsSalud. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried-out among 77 patients who attended the emergency room in whom a pulmonary angiography by CT scan was performed. Data were collected using a pre designed form. Results: 64.9% were elder; 63.6% were males and only 31.2% had a presumptive diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Only 29.9% had pathological findings, 65.2% had pulmonary embolism, the remaining had pulmonary hypertension. Among those with specific diagnostic presumptions 50% of the exams were normal, while 79.2% had normal findings among those with non-specific presumptive diagnosis (p=0.019 with corrected Chisquare test and p=0.014 with Fischer´s exact test). Conclusions: Pulmonary angiography by spiral CT scan allows to get pathological findings in patients with presumptive diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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13. Neuroimagen de la hemorragia intraparenquimatosa cerebral primaria.
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Hernández Chávez, Arturo and Rodríguez García, Damaris
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Objective: To describe current approaches for neuroimaging diagnosis of primary intraparenchymatous cerebral hemorrhage. Evidence acquisition: Bibliographic references in English or Spanish were identified in PubMed for the last five years. The terms "Cerebral hemorrhage AND Diagnosis" or "Cerebral hematoma AND Diagnosis" were used. These investigations together with some classic references on the subject were consulted. Results: Despite the usefulness of certain clinical variables, patients with a new stroke require immediate and obligatory cranial computerized tomography scan for the positive diagnosis. Volumetry of the hematoma is required by the ABC/2 method or its variants, and in the first eight hours of stroke, the combination with the computerized axial tomography angiography is necessary for the vascular etiological diagnosis. Another control study is suggested, after 24 hours, in symptomatic patients to determine the hematoma size and degree of expansion. The cerebral vessels image should be considered when vascular malformation is suspected, such as aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation. Venography is indicated when the hemorrhage location, the relative cerebral edema volume or abnormal signal in the cerebral sinuses in the neuroimaging suggest a cerebral venous thrombosis. When there is suspicion of underlying malformative or tumoral vascular injury, a multimodal neuroimaging control should be indicated at 2-6 weeks. Conclusions: This paper described current neuroimaging strategies that allow the diagnosis and treatment of the patients with primary intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhage, as well as the key guidelines to research on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
14. Origen coronario izquierdo anómalo en arteria pulmonar no sospechado en adulto joven
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Martínez González, Aniley, Marcos Gutiérrez, Yamilé, Sorio Valdés, Biolkis, Pérez Barreda, Aylen, Bencomo Rodríguez, Llimia, Hechavarria Pouymiro, Sheila, Martínez González, Aniley, Marcos Gutiérrez, Yamilé, Sorio Valdés, Biolkis, Pérez Barreda, Aylen, Bencomo Rodríguez, Llimia, and Hechavarria Pouymiro, Sheila
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El origen coronario izquierdo anómalo desde la arteria pulmonar es un defecto congénito infrecuente, con elevada letalidad sin tratamiento. Detectado generalmente en lactantes, resulta menos usual en adultos, pudiendo debutar con un cuadro de falla ventricular izquierda y muerte súbita. Su pronóstico varía considerablemente si el diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico se realizan oportunamente. Reportes de casos han sido mayoritariamente las referencias publicadas sobre la variante adulta, limitando su evaluación en series de casos. Con una prevalencia subestimada, las técnicas de imagen no invasiva han permitido mejorar su identificación en el adulto. La angiotomografía ha devenido la modalidad diagnóstica de elección para la evaluación de anomalías coronarias, al permitir no solo su identificación, sino también las alteraciones que las acompañan y otras anomalías asociadas. Todo reporte de origen coronario izquierdo a partir de la arteria pulmonar permite aportar datos que posibiliten ampliar los conocimientos sobre esta inusual pero letal anomalía coronaria.
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- 2022
15. Coronary computed tomography in emergencies: The importance of the radiologist's experience.
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González-Campo L, Vicente-Bártulos A, Gaetano-Gil A, Estelles-Lerga P, Pecharromán-de Las Heras I, and Zamora J
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- Humans, Coronary Angiography methods, Emergencies, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Radiologists, Acute Coronary Syndrome
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Introduction: Incorporating coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the hospital workup for suspected acute coronary syndrome requires appropriate skills for interpreting this imaging test. Radiologists' skills can affect the interobserver agreement in evaluating these studies., Objective: To determine the interobserver agreement according to radiologists' experience in the interpretation of coronary CTA studies done in patients who present at the emergency department with acute chest pain and low-to-intermediate probability of acute coronary syndrome., Materials and Methods: We studied the interobserver agreement in the urgent evaluation of coronary CTA studies in which CAD-RADS was used to register the findings. We created pairs of observers among a total of 8 assessors (4 attending radiologists and 4 radiology residents). We used the kappa coefficient to estimate the overall concordance and the concordance between subgroups according to their experience., Results: The agreement was substantial between experienced radiologists and residents (k=0.627; 95%CI: 0.436-0.826) as well as between all the pairs of observers (k=0.661; 95%CI: 0.506-0.823) for all the CAD-RADS together. The degree of agreement within the group of experienced radiologists was greater than that within the group of residents in all the analyses. The agreement was excellent for the overall CAD-RADS (k=0.950; 95% CI: 0.896-1) and for CAD-RADS ≥ 4 (k=1); the agreement was lower for CAD-RADS ≥ 3 (k=0.754; 95% CI: 0.246-1.255). The agreement for the residents for these categories was k=0.623, k=0.596, and k=0.473, respectively., Conclusion: The agreement among attending radiologists regarding the assessment of urgent coronary CTA studies is excellent. The agreement is lower when residents are paired with attending radiologists. These findings should be taken into consideration when implementing coronary CTA in emergency departments and in the organisation of radiological staff for interpreting and reporting this imaging test., (Copyright © 2021 SERAM. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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16. Importance of multiplanar reformation angiographic images for the detection of carotid web: A case series
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Zelada-Ríos, Laura, Barrientos-Imán, Danny, Simbrón Ribbeck, Lourdes, Argomedo, Carlos Abanto, Ramírez-Quiñones, Jorge, Rosa, Pilar Calle La, Chávez, Ana Valencia, and Otiniano Sifuentes, Ricardo Daniel
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Multiplanar reformation ,Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico ,cryptogenic stroke ,Computed tomography angiography ,General Medicine ,Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada ,Carotid web - Abstract
Carotid web (CW) is considered a variant of intimal fibromuscular dysplasia. CW represents between 9.4% and 37% of ischemic strokes that were initially misclassified as "cryptogenic." However, in Latin America, there is a lack of detection. We present 5 cases of ischemic stroke due to CW and discuss the usefulness of multiplanar reformatting (MPR) imaging in computed tomography angiography. The identification of CW with the use of tridimensional (3D) reconstructions and maximum intensity projection was 20%, the rest was misdiagnosed as atherosclerotic plaque. With the MPR, the identification of typical CW findings was improved, such as a thin septum, a shelf-like image, and a mountain shadow-like image. However, one must be alert to changes in the 3D disposition of the carotid bifurcation, as they may mask the typical CW findings. A good practice is to align the internal carotid artery exactly posterior to the external carotid artery in the sagittal plane.
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- 2023
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17. Relevância da solicitação de D-dímero em pacientes de um setor de emergência
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Santiago Sánchez-Pardo, Luis Carlos Rodríguez-Peralta, Sánchez Pardo, Santiago [0000-0003-3869-6907], and Rodríguez Peralta, Luis Carlos [0000-0002-0836-5632]
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Probabilidade ,Errores diagnósticos ,Medical sciences ,probabilidad ,embolia pulmonar ,Venous thrombosis ,Health Sciences ,angiografía por tomografía computarizada ,Ciencias médicas ,Trombosis de la vena ,General Environmental Science ,Probability ,Diagnostic errors ,Ciências da Saúde ,errores diagnósticos ,Pulmonary embolism ,Angiografia por tomografia computadorizada ,Life sciences ,Ciencias de la salud ,Ciências Médicas ,Erros de diagnóstico ,Embolia pulmonar ,Medicine ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Computed tomography angiography ,trombosis de la vena ,Ciencias de la vida ,Angiografía por tomografía computarizada ,Probabilidad ,Trombose venosa ,Ciências da Vida - Abstract
RESUMEN: Introducción. El tromboembolismo pulmonar y la trombosis venosa profunda son urgencias cardiovasculares relativamente comunes, se han descrito diferentes predictores clínicos para la estratificación del riesgo, biomarcadores séricos y pruebas de imagenología. Dentro de los biomarcadores séricos se ha descrito el dímero D. Debido a que la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa es un reto diagnóstico para el clínico, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la pertinencia de la solicitud del dímero D, en el servicio de urgencias de un centro de tercer nivel en la ciudad de Bogotá durante los años 2018-2019. Metodología. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal retrospectivo de pacientes que consultaron al servicio de urgencias, de una clínica de tercer nivel, de la ciudad de Bogotá, durante el periodo 2018-2019. Resultados. Se revisaron 583 historias clínicas, se excluyeron 107 pacientes, con un total final de 474 (57.3% mujeres y 42.6% hombres). De estos, 21 pacientes presentaron estudios positivos (angiotomografía y Doppler venoso). El dímero D presentó un valor predictivo negativo inferior al 50%. Discusión. A pesar de los resultados y de ser un estudio de un solo centro se evidencian las dificultades que tienen los médicos de los servicios de urgencias al momento de solicitar pruebas diagnósticas. Conclusiones. Este estudio evidencia la dificultad que existe en los servicios de urgencias al momento de la evaluación diagnóstica y cómo la solicitud de los paraclínicos tiene que ser un proceso estandarizado, guiado por los motivos de consulta y hallazgos al examen físico, y así no perder las características operativas de las pruebas diagnósticas y su utilidad al momento de la evaluación clínica. ABSTRACT Introduction. Pulmonary thromboembolisms and deep vein thromboses are relatively common cardiovascular emergencies. Various clinical predictors, serial biomarkers and imaging tests have been described for the stratification of the risk. D-dimer has been described within the serial biomarkers. Since venous thromboembolic disease is a diagnostic challenge for doctors, the objective of this study was to assess the pertinence of the D-dimer request in emergency services in a level three center in Bogotá during 2018-2019. Methodology. An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional retrospective study of patients who resorted to emergency services in a level three clinic in Bogotá during 2018-2019. Results. 583 medical records were reviewed, and 107 patients were excluded, with a final total of 474 patients (57.3% women and 42.6% men). Of these, 21 patients had positive studies (angiotomography and venous doppler ultrasound). D-dimer had a negative predictive value of less than 50%. Discussion. Despite the results and it being a study in a single clinic, the difficulties emergency service doctors experience when requesting diagnostic tests can be observed. Conclusions. This study shows the difficulties in emergency services when performing a diagnosis. The request for complementary tests has to be a standardized process guided by the reasons for the consultation and findings from the physical exam, in order not to lose the operational characteristics of the diagnostic tests and their usefulness during the clinical evaluation. RESUMO Introdução. Tromboembolismo pulmonar e trombose venosa profunda são emergências cardiovasculares relativamente comuns. Têm sido descritos diferentes preditores clínicos para estratificação de risco, biomarcadores séricos e testes de imagem. Entre os biomarcadores séricos, foi descrito o D-dímero. Considerando que a doença tromboembólica venosa é um desafio diagnóstico para o clínico, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relevância da solicitação de D-dímero no serviço de emergência de um centro de terceiro nível na cidade de Bogotá ao longo dos anos 2018-2019. Metodologia. Estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal retrospectivo de pacientes que consultaram o serviço de emergência de uma clínica de terceiro nível na cidade de Bogotá, no período de 2018-2019. Resultados. Foram revisados 583 prontuários, excluídos 107 pacientes, totalizando 474 (57.3% mulheres e 42.6% homens). Destes, 21 pacientes apresentaram estudos positivos (angiotomografia e Doppler venoso). D-dímero apresentou valor preditivo negativo inferior a 50%. Discussão. Apesar dos resultados e do fato de se tratar de um estudo só de um centro, são evidentes as dificuldades que os médicos de emergência apresentam ao solicitarem exames diagnósticos. Conclusões. Este estudo mostra a dificuldade que existe nos serviços de emergência no momento da avaliação diagnóstica e como a solicitação dos testes paraclínicos tem que ser um processo padronizado, orientado pelos motivos da consulta e pelos resultados do exame físico, e assim não perder as características operacionais dos exames diagnósticos e sua utilidade no momento da avaliação clínica.
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- 2021
18. Pulmonary artery obstruction index, pulmonary artery diameter and right ventricle strain as prognostic CT findings in patient with acute pulmonary embolism.
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Hajiahmadi S, Tabesh F, Shayganfar A, Shirani F, and Ebrahimian S
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- Humans, Pulmonary Artery diagnostic imaging, Prognosis, Heart Ventricles diagnostic imaging, Acute Disease, Computed Tomography Angiography, Hypertension, Pulmonary complications, Hypertension, Pulmonary diagnostic imaging, Pulmonary Embolism complications, Pulmonary Embolism diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to determine predictors of pulmonary hypertension and signs of right heart dysfunction caused by pulmonary embolism (PE) that may lead to early detection of high-risk patients. So the predictive value of pulmonary artery obstruction index (PAOI), measured by pulmonary CT angiography (PCTA) in the acute setting, in predicting the patients susceptible to PE cardiac complications was evaluated. Also two other PCTA indices, pulmonary artery diameter (PAD), and right ventricle (RV) strain, in these patients were investigated and their predictive value for cardiac complications on follow up echocardiography were demonstrated., Materials and Methods: In the study 120 patients with a definite diagnosis of PE were included. The PAOI, PAD and RV strain were measured using PCTA at the time of the initial diagnosis. Transthoracic echocardiography was done 6 months after the diagnosis of PE and RV echocardiographic indices were measured. Pearson correlation was used to investigate correlation between PAOI, PAD, RV strain and signs of right heart dysfunction., Results: PAOI was strongly correlated with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) (r=0.83), RV systolic pressure (r=0.78) and RV wall thickness (r=0.61) in long-term follow up echocardiography. A higher rate of RV dysfunction and RV dilation was detected among the patients with higher PAOI (P<0.001). PAOI≥18 was strongly predictive for development of RV dysfunction. Also developments of pulmonary hypertension, RV systolic hypertension, RV dilation, RV dysfunction, and RV hypertrophy were significantly more common among patients with higher PAD and RV strain (P<0.001)., Conclusions: PAOI, PAD and RV strain are sensitive and specific PCTA indices that can predict the development of long-term complications such as pulmonary hypertension and right heart dysfunction, at the time of initial PE diagnosis., (Copyright © 2021 SERAM. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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19. Traumatic injury of radial and ulnar artery with perfusion of the hand through the median artery: a case report
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Calderón Ardila, Daniela, Larrota, Daniel Raúl Ballesteros, Ardila, María Andrea Calderón, and Acuña, Luis Ernesto Ballesteros
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ulnar artery ,anastomosis ,vascular system injuries ,body regions ,radial artery ,informes de casos ,surgical ,Lesiones del sistema vascular ,Anatomic variation ,variación anatómica ,angiography ,angiografía por tomografía computarizada ,median artery ,arteria mediana - Abstract
Case description: A young male patient with a complete section of the ulnar and radial arteries preserved the perfusion of the hand through an anatomical variant, the median artery, identified by angiotomography. Clinical Findings: A wound in the distal third of the left forearm with present pulses and adequate hand coloration. An angiotomography of the upper left limb showed a median artery originating as a continuation of the anterior interosseous artery and ending in the palm of the hand with an incomplete superficial palmar arch. Treatment and Outcomes: Ligation of both radial and ulnar arteries was performed. It was not possible to follow up the patient. Clinical Relevance: Forming the superficial and deep palmar arches, the irrigation of hand comes from the ulnar and radial arteries, which can compromise the viability of the limb when injured. The median artery is present in 0.6-21.1% of the population, originates from the anterior interosseous artery (branch of the ulnar), accompanies the median nerve in its path and ends in the palm joining the superficial palmar arch. Diagnostic imaging is a key tool for assessing arterial circulation and characterizing upper limb vascular lesions. Knowledge of the anatomical variations of the arterial supply of the hand, including variability of the superficial palmar arch, is crucial for the safety and success of hand surgeries. Resumen Descripción del caso: Un paciente joven de sexo masculino con sección completa de las arterias cubital y radial conservó la perfusión de la mano a través de una variante anatómica, la arteria mediana, identificada por angiotomografía. Hallazgos clínicos: Herida en el tercio distal del antebrazo izquierdo con pulsos presentes y coloración adecuada de la mano. Una angiotomografía del miembro superior izquierdo mostró una arteria mediana que se originaba como continuación de la arteria interósea anterior y terminaba en la palma de la mano con un arco palmar superficial incompleto. Tratamiento y resultados: Se realizó la ligadura de las arterias radial y cubital. No fue posible realizar un seguimiento del paciente. Relevancia clínica: La irrigación de la mano proviene de las arterias cubital y radial, que forman los arcos palmar superficial y profundo, comprometiendo la viabilidad de la extremidad cuando se lesionan. La arteria mediana está presente en el 0.6-21.1% de la población, se origina en la arteria interósea anterior (rama del cubital), acompaña al nervio mediano en su recorrido y termina en la palma uniéndose al arco palmar superficial. El diagnóstico por imagen es una herramienta clave para evaluar la circulación arterial y caracterizar las lesiones vasculares del miembro superior. El conocimiento de las variaciones anatómicas de la irrigación arterial de la mano, incluida la variabilidad del arco palmar superficial, es de importancia crucial para la seguridad y el éxito de las cirugías de la mano.
- Published
- 2021
20. Traumatic injury of radial and ulnar artery with perfusion of the hand through the median artery: a case report
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Luis Ernesto Ballesteros Acuña, Daniela Calderón Ardila, Daniel Raúl Ballesteros Larrota, and María Andrea Calderón Ardila
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Population ,Case Report ,Median artery ,anastomosis ,vascular system injuries ,03 medical and health sciences ,surgical ,medicine.artery ,variación anatómica ,medicine ,Superficial palmar arch ,angiography ,angiografía por tomografía computarizada ,median artery ,education ,arteria mediana ,Ulnar artery ,education.field_of_study ,ulnar artery ,030505 public health ,Anterior interosseous artery ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Articles ,Median nerve ,body regions ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,radial artery ,informes de casos ,Lesiones del sistema vascular ,Anatomic variation ,Upper limb ,0305 other medical science ,Palm ,business - Abstract
Case description: A young male patient with a complete section of the ulnar and radial arteries preserved the perfusion of the hand through an anatomical variant, the median artery, identified by angiotomography. Clinical Findings: A wound in the distal third of the left forearm with present pulses and adequate hand coloration. An angiotomography of the upper left limb showed a median artery originating as a continuation of the anterior interosseous artery and ending in the palm of the hand with an incomplete superficial palmar arch. Treatment and Outcomes: Ligation of both radial and ulnar arteries was performed. It was not possible to follow up with the patient. Clinical Relevance: Forming the superficial and deep palmar arches, the irrigation of the hand comes from the ulnar and radial arteries, which can compromise the viability of the limb when injured. The median artery is present in 0.6-21.1% of the population, originates from the anterior interosseous artery (branch of the ulnar), accompanies the median nerve in its path and ends in the palm joining the superficial palmar arch. Diagnostic imaging is a key tool for assessing arterial circulation and characterizing upper limb vascular lesions. Knowledge of the anatomical variations of the arterial supply of the hand, including variability of the superficial palmar arch, is crucial for the safety and success of hand surgeries.
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- 2021
21. Recommendations on the use of computed tomography in the stroke code: Consensus document SENR, SERAU, GEECV-SEN, SERAM.
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López-Rueda A, Ibáñez Sanz L, Alonso de Leciñana M, de Araújo Martins-Romeo D, Vicente Bartulos A, Castellanos Rodrigo M, and Oleaga Zufiria L
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- Humans, Consensus, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Societies, Medical, Stroke diagnostic imaging, Radiology
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The Spanish Society of Emergency Radiology (SERAU), the Spanish Society of Neuroradiology (SENR), the Spanish Society of Neurology through its Cerebrovascular Diseases Study Group (GEECV-SEN) and the Spanish Society of Medical Radiology (SERAM) have met to draft this consensus document that will review the use of computed tomography in the stroke code patients, focusing on its indications, the technique for its correct acquisition and the possible interpretation mistakes., (Copyright © 2023 SERAM. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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22. Correlation between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and coronary calcium score in CT angiography: NLR and coronary calcification
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Varastehravan, Hamidreza, Naghedi, Aryan, Naghedi, Arvin, Razavi Ratki, Seid Kazem, Namiranian, Nasim, Nafisi Moghadam, Reza, Pedarzadeh, Ali, Varastehravan, Hamidreza, Naghedi, Aryan, Naghedi, Arvin, Razavi Ratki, Seid Kazem, Namiranian, Nasim, Nafisi Moghadam, Reza, and Pedarzadeh, Ali
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Background: cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the most important etiology for cardiovascular diseases. Nowadays, atherosclerosis is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease. Among the most important inflammatory markers, WBC is said to be a risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality. Among different WBC subtypes, neutrophil and thus neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an important predictor for mortality and morbidity. Based on this, in this study we aimed to investigate the correlation between NLR and coronary artery calcification. Patients and methods: This research is a cross-sectional study of correlation type. A total of 353 consecutive patients were enrolled with stable angina referred to Afshar heart center for elective CT-angiography. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on NLR and the patients’ data was analyzed using SPPSS ver.26 software. Results: In this study a total of 353 patients were investigated which included 159 women and 194 men. The patients ages ranged between 19 and 80 and the average age was 53 years. We found a statistically significant difference in coronary calcium score (CCS) between patients in fourth quartile of NLR and other patients (P-Value<0.001). Spearman’s correlation test with r=0.420 and P-Value<0.001 indicated a positive correlation between NLR and CCS. Conclusion: Based on the results of present research its concluded that NLR is correlated with CCS and patients with NLR above 2.42 are in danger of higher risk of coronary artery calcification., Antecedentes: las enfermedades cardiovasculares son las causas más comunes de muerte en todo el mundo. La aterosclerosis es la etiología más importante para las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Hoy en día, la aterosclerosis se define como una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica. Entre los marcadores inflamatorios más importantes, se dice que el conteo sanguíneo completo (CSC) es un factor de riesgo para eventos cardiovasculares y mortalidad. En base a esto, en este estudio nuestro objetivo fue investigar la correlación entre la relación de neutrófilos a linfocitos (RNL) y la calcificación de la arteria coronaria. Pacientes y métodos: esta investigación es un estudio transversal correlacional. Un total de 353 pacientes consecutivos se inscribieron con angina estable remitidos al centro cardíaco Afshar para una angiografía por TC electiva. Los pacientes se dividieron en 4 grupos según RNL y los datos de los pacientes se analizaron utilizando el software SPPSS ver.26. Resultados: En este estudio se investigó un total de 353 pacientes que incluyeron 159 mujeres y 194 hombres. La edad promedio fue de 53 años. Encontramos una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la puntuación de calcio coronario (PCC) entre pacientes en el cuarto cuartil de RNL y otros pacientes (valor P<0,001). La prueba de correlación de Spearman con r=0,420 y valor P<0,001 indicó una correlación positiva entre RNL y PCC. Conclusión: Con base en los resultados de la presente investigación, se concluyó que la RNL se correlaciona con PCC y los pacientes con RNL por encima de 2,42 tienen un mayor riesgo de calcificación de la arteria coronaria.
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- 2020
23. Factores asociados a placa blanda en pacientes con score de calcio igual a cero
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San Miguel, Lucas, Masoli, Osvaldo H., Redruello, Marcela, Blanco, Juan M., Collaud, Carlos, Sodor, Enrique, Medus, Jorgelina, San Miguel, Lucas, Masoli, Osvaldo H., Redruello, Marcela, Blanco, Juan M., Collaud, Carlos, Sodor, Enrique, and Medus, Jorgelina
- Abstract
Background: The coronary artery calcium score is used for risk stratification in asymptomatic patients. Although coronary arterydisease can occur in the absence of coronary artery calcifications, no conditions associated with the presence of soft non-calcifiedplaques have been described in this scenario, beyond the presence of symptoms.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the associations between non-calcified plaques and independent variables inpatients with coronary artery calcium score of zero.Methods: Consecutive patients with coronary artery score of zero Agatston units who also underwent computed tomography coronaryangiography were included in the study. Univariate logistic regression analysis was used to find associations. (15) Sensitivity,specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LH+) and negative likelihoodratio (LH-) were calculated.Results: Among a total of 93 patients, 10% (n = 9) presented non-calcified plaque. A positive exercise stress test was associated withplaques of any degree of severity (OR 6.5; 95% CI, 1.3-33, p = 0.02). This association persisted for non-severe plaques when the positiveexercise stress test was combined with a negative myocardial perfusion SPECT or stress echocardiography for ischemia (OR,12.4; 95% CI 1.5-101, p = 0.02). Sensitivity and specificity of ST-segment depression for non-calcified plaque of any degree of severitywas 44.4% and 86%, respectively, with NPV of 94%, PPV of 25%, LR+ of 3.11 and LR– of 0.65.Conclusions: ST-segment depression could be associated with non-calcified plaques in patients without coronary artery calcifications,even with normal exercise stress myocardial perfusion or wall motion (non-obstructive disease)., Introducción: El score de calcio (SC) es una prueba utilizada en la estratificación de riesgo de pacientes asintomáticos. Aunque la enfermedad coronaria puede ocurrir en ausencia de calcificaciones, no se han descripto afecciones asociadas a la presencia de placa blanda (PB) en este contexto, más allá de la presencia de síntomas. Objetivos: determinar predictores clínicos de PB y su eventual precisión diagnóstica en pacientes con un SC de cero. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes consecutivos con un SC de 0 Unidades Agatston que se hubieran realizado además una angiotomografía coronaria. Se determinaron predictores a partir de tres modelos de análisis multivariado. Se calculó la sensibilidad, especificidad, VPN, VPP, + LR y - LR. Resultados: Se incluyeron 93 pacientes. El 10% (n = 9) presentaron PB. La ergometría positiva fue predictor independiente de placas de cualquier severidad (OR 6.5; IC del 95%: 1.3-33, p = 0.02). El poder predictivo persistió para placas no severas cuando se combinó la ergometría con perfusión miocárdica SPECT o ecocardiograma estrés negativos para isquemia (OR 12.4 IC 95% 1.5 - 101, p = 0.02). La sensibilidad y la especificidad del infradesnivel del ST para placa blanda de cualquier grado de severidad fue 44.4% y 86%, respectivamente. El VPN fue del 94% y el VPP del 25%, + LR fue de 3.11 y -LR fue de 0.65. Conclusiones: El infradesnivel del ST podría ser predictor de PB en pacientes sin calcificaciones coronarias, incluso en contexto de perfusión miocárdica o ecocardiograma estrés normales (enfermedad no obstructiva).
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- 2020
24. Influence of contrast enhancement at the contrast injection location for the arm or leg in neonatal and infant patients during cardiac computed tomography.
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Masuda T, Funama Y, Nakaura T, Sato T, Tahara M, Yamashita Y, Masuda S, Yoshiura T, Oku T, Arao S, Hiratsuka J, and Awai K
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- Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Arm diagnostic imaging, Leg, Tomography, X-Ray Computed methods, Contrast Media, Vena Cava, Superior
- Abstract
Introduction and Objectives: Obtaining CCTA images with optimal injection location such as the arm or leg is important to avoid the artifacts caused by the CM. This study compares the computed tomography (CT) numbers and visualization scores of the three-dimensional (3D) images of the lumens of the blood vessels in the arm or leg during cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in neonatal and infant patients., Patients or Materials and Methods: Between January 2017 and January 2020, 253 consecutive patients were considered for inclusion. We used the estimated propensity scores as a function of the demographic data, including age, body weight, and injection location (right or left side) in the arm (n = 58) and leg (n = 58) of neonatal and infant patients. We compared the mean CT numbers of the pulmonary artery, ascending aorta, and left superior vena cava; contrast-noise ratios (CNR); and visualization scores between the arm and leg as the injection locations., Results: The mean CT numbers during CCTA for the arm and leg were 479.4 and 461.3 HU in the ascending aorta, 464.2 and 448.1 HU in the pulmonary artery, and 232.8 and 220.1 HU in the left superior vena cava, respectively. The mean image noise (SD) and CNR values, respectively, were 38.9 HU and 12.1 for the arm as the injection location and 39.1 HU and 12.3 for the leg as the injection location. The median visualization scores of volume rendering of the 3D images were 3.0 and 3.0 for the arm and leg injection sites, respectively. There were no significant differences in the mean CT numbers of the ascending aorta, pulmonary artery, and left superior vena cava; SD value; CNR; and visualization scores between the arm and leg injection locations., Conclusions: The CT numbers of the lumen of the blood vessel and visualization scores of the 3D images of the arm and leg injection locations are equal during CCTA in neonatal and infant patients with congenital heart disease., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U.)
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- 2022
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25. Embolización transarterial posnatal de una malformación aneurismática de la Vena de Galeno con diagnóstico prenatal: Revisión de la literatura y reporte de un caso
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Andres Mauricio Galarza-Prado, Jairo Esteban González, David Andrés Endo, Paula Andrea Ramírez, and Darío Alberto Santacruz
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lcsh:R5-920 ,prenatal diagnosis ,Vena de Galeno ,Vein of Galen ,fistular arteriovenous shunt ,prenatal ecography ,aneurysmal malformation ,ecografía prenatal ,transarterial embolization ,malformación aneurismática ,diagnóstico prenatal ,angiografía por tomografía computarizada ,derivación fistulosa arteriovenosa ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,computed tomography angiography - Abstract
Las malformaciones aneurismáticas de la Vena de Galeno son derivaciones fistulosas arteriovenosas. Representan 30% de las malformaciones vasculares cerebrales en la población pediátrica, siendo la malformación vascular intracraneal más diagnosticada durante el período prenatal. Se presenta el caso de un aneurisma de la Vena de Galeno que se diagnosticó mediante ecografía prenatal a las 35 semanas de gestación y que se intervino con embolización transarterial a los cinco días de nacimiento sin presentar complicaciones. Además, se realizó una revisión de la literatura para correlacionar el manejo precoz de la paciente del caso con otros manejos reportados y así determinar el tiempo oportuno para realizar la intervención transarterial y obtener los mejores resultados en los pacientes con esta condición. Abstract: Aneurysmal malformations of the Vein of Galen are fistular arteriovenous shunts. They represent 30% of cerebral vascular malformations in the pediatric population, being the most diagnosed intracranial vascular malformation during prenatal period. We present a case of an aneurysm of the Vein of Galen that was diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound at 35 weeks of gestation and was treated with trans-arterial embolization after five days of birth without presenting complications. We reviewed the literature to correlate the early management of the patient of the case with other managements reported and thus determine the most convenient time to perform the transarterial intervention and obtain the best results in patients with this condition. Key words: Vein of Galen, aneurysmal malformation, fistular arteriovenous shunt, prenatal diagnosis, prenatal ecography, computed tomography angiography, transarterial embolization.
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- 2017
26. Acute pulmonary embolism: Appropriateness of emergency department management according to clinical guidelines.
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Láinez-Ramos-Bossini AJ, Moreno-Suárez S, Pérez-García MC, Gálvez-López R, Garrido Sanz F, and Rivera-Izquierdo M
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- Acute Disease, Aged, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products, Pulmonary Embolism
- Abstract
Background and Aims: To evaluate the frequency of acute pulmonary embolism, the use of clinical probability scores, and the appropriateness of the management of patients for whom computed tomography angiography (CTA) was requested from the emergency department for suspected acute pulmonary embolism., Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of CTA studies requested from the emergency department to rule out acute pulmonary embolism. We analyzed clinical variables and the explicit use of clinical probability scores. We determined the appropriateness of management according to the Wells Score and Geneva Score and the simplified versions of these two scores, calculated retrospectively., Results: We included 534 patients (52.8% women; mean age, 73 years). The frequency of acute pulmonary embolism was 23.0% and the Wells Score was explicitly used in 15.2%. The appropriateness of the management varied depending on the clinical probability score used to assess it (54.5%-75.8%) and on whether the standard d-dimer or age-adjusted d-dimer was used., Conclusions: The failure to use the Wells Scores in all cases does not necessarily imply inappropriate management, and the performance of global clinical judgment can be similar to that of clinical probability scores; however, specific studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis., (Copyright © 2020 SERAM. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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27. Rendimiento diagnóstico de la angiografía coronaria por tomografía (angioTEM) para la estenosis coronaria en pacientes del Servicio de Cardiología de la Clínica San Felipe entre enero 2016 y marzo 2018
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Danós Lizárraga, Diana Paola and Valdez Rospigliosi, Juan Antonio
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Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria -- Diagnóstico por Imagen ,Clínica San Felipe (Lima). Servicio de Cardiología ,Estudios Transversales ,Estudios Retrospectivos ,Estudios Observacionales como Asunto ,Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.12 [https] ,Angiografía Coronaria ,Estenosis Coronaria -- Diagnóstico por Imagen - Abstract
La cardiopatía isquémica es la principal causa de muerte a nivel mundial según la OMS. La identificación temprana de la enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC) permite un tratamiento oportuno mejorando la sintomatología y el pronóstico. La angiografía coronaria por tomografía (angioTEM) es una alternativa no invasiva a la angiografía coronaria convencional (cateterismo) y está reemplazando progresivamente a otros estudios menos sensibles y específicos. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la angioTEM para la estenosis coronaria. El diseño es observacional, retrospectivo, transversal y no aleatorio. La población la constituyen todos los pacientes del servicio de cardiología de la Clínica San Felipe atendidos entre enero 2016 y marzo 2018 que tuvieran una angioTEM y un cateterismo posterior, que cumplan los criterios de inclusión: probabilidad de EAC baja a intermedia con dolor torácico atípico, EKG dudoso, pruebas de esfuerzo no concluyentes, ICC de novo, no haber sido sometidos a revascularización previa, no tener insuficiencia renal, no ser alérgicos al yodo ni tener contraindicación para betabloqueadores y/o nitroglicerina. Los estudios de angioTEM fueron realizados en un tomógrafo doble energía modelo SOMATOM Definition Flash de 128 cortes marca Siemens. Los cateterismos se realizaron según las características de cada paciente. Los datos se tomarán del reporte del cateterismo de las historias clínicas y del PACS del servicio. Los datos serán procesados con el programa estadístico SPSS versión 24.
- Published
- 2019
28. Densidad vascular y zona avascular foveal medidas mediante angiografía de OCT en pacientes con retinopatía diabética no proliferativa y pacientes sanos atendidos en el INO en 2019
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Echavarría Gálvez, Claudia Eliana and Muro Mansilla, Pedro Augusto
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Instituto Nacional de Oftalmología (Lima) ,Estudios Transversales ,Fóvea Central ,Estudios Observacionales como Asunto ,Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada ,purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.22 [https] ,Retinopatía Diabética -- Diagnóstico por Imagen - Abstract
Introducción: La angiografía-OCT es una técnica de imagen no invasiva, proporciona imágenes tridimensionales y de alta resolución de los diferentes plexos capilares de la retina. A través de este método podemos evaluar adecuadamente los plexos capilares de la retina e identificar cambios tempranos patológicos. Los pacientes diabéticos presentan alteración en la vasculatura retiniana por lo que la angiografía- OCT puede ser el método adecuado para evaluar cambios tempranos a este nivel. Objetivo: Evaluar la diferencia en la densidad vascular y el área de la zona avascular foveal (ZAF) en el plexo capilar superficial de la retina entre pacientes con retinopatía diabética no proliferativa y pacientes sin retinopatía diabética atendidos en el INO en 2019 mediante la angiografía-OCT del equipo Zeiss Cirrus HD a través del software angioplex. Métodos: Es un estudio observacional, transversal. Se evaluará a pacientes atendidos en el instituto Nacional de Oftalmología (INO). Se clasificarán en 2 grupos: pacientes con retinopatía diabética no proliferativa leve-moderado y pacientes sin retinopatía diabética. A ambos grupos se les tomará el examen de la angiografía-OCT del equipo Zeiss Cirrus HD a través del software angioplex, este programa nos evalúa la densidad relativa del flujo vascular y el área de la zona avascular foveal en mm2. Ambos resultados se compararán. Resultados esperados: Se espera que la densidad vascular superficial sea menor en pacientes con retinopatía diabética no proliferativa, y que el área ZAF sea mayor en pacientes diabéticos comparados a los controles.
- Published
- 2019
29. The best of the 2018 European Society of Cardiology Congress
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Yamel Ache, Agustina Bonino, Carlos Guamán, Sebastián Lorenzo, and Sofía Noria
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Primary prevention ,Endocarditis ,Drug- Eluting Stents ,Computed Tomography Angiography ,Stents liberadores de fármacos ,Shock ,General Medicine ,Angiografía coronaria ,Coronary Angiography ,Cardiogenic ,Infarction ,Prevención primaria ,Angiografía por tomografía computarizada ,Shock cardiogénico ,Infarto - Abstract
Resumen: El Congreso Europeo de Cardiología se llevó a cabo en la ciudad de Múnich del 25 al 29 de agosto. Sin duda, uno de los eventos más importantes e innovadores de la comunidad cardiológica reunió a más de 32.000 profesionales, con destacados invitados internacionales y múltiples actividades científicas. Además de las tradicionales presentaciones de estudios, se inauguró un área de Salud Digital: Digital Health Area donde se llevaron a cabo sesiones continuas sobre E-Cardiology, con múltiples presentaciones de apps móviles, telemedicina y tecnología digital tanto para los profesionales como para la comunidad. Se presentaron las nuevas guías europeas sobre Hipertensión Arterial, tan esperadas luego del debate planteado en relación con las guías americanas en 2017. Las pautas europeas se mantendrán dentro del umbral de diagnóstico de 140/90 mmHg y se centrarán en mejorar las tasas de control a través de combinaciones iniciales de dos fármacos antihipertensivos para la mayoría de los pacientes. Realizaremos un breve resumen de algunos de los principales trabajos científicos presentados: - Use of aspirin to reduce risk of initial vascular events in patients at moderate risk of cardiovascular disease: ARRIVE. - Coronary CT Angiography and 5-Year Risk of Myocardial Infarction: The SCOT-HEART Investigators. - Partial Oral Treatment of Endocarditis: POET. - Ticagrelor plus aspirin for 1 month, followed by ticagrelor monotherapy for 23 months vs aspirin plus clopidogrel or ticagrelor for 12 months, followed by aspirin monotherapy for 12 months after implantation of a drug-eluting stent: GLOBAL LEADERS. - One-Year Outcomes after PCI Strategies in Cardiogenic Shock: CULPRIT-SHOCK. Summary: The European Congress of Cardiology was held at Munich from August 25th to 29th. Undoubtedly one of the most important and innovative events of the cardiology community, it brought together more than 32.000 professionals, with prominent international guests and multiple scientific activities. In addition to the traditional presentations of studies, ESC 2018 inaugurated a: Digital Health Area, where continuous sessions on E-Cardiology were held with multiple presentations of mobile apps, telemedicine and digital technology for both, the professionals and the community. The new european guidelines on Arterial Hypertension, awaited after the discussion related with the American guidelines in 2017, were presented. European blood pressure guidelines will stick with the 140/90 mmHg diagnostic threshold and will focus on improving control rates through initial two-drug antihypertensive combinations for most patients. We will make a brief summary of some of the main scientific trials presented: - Use of aspirin to reduce risk of initial vascular events in patients at moderate risk of cardiovascular disease: ARRIVE. - Coronary CT Angiography and 5-Year Risk of Myocardial Infarction: The SCOT-HEART Investigators. - Partial Oral Treatment of Endocarditis: POET. - Ticagrelor plus aspirin for 1 month, followed by ticagrelor monotherapy for 23 months vs aspirin plus clopidogrel or ticagrelor for 12 months, followed by aspirin monotherapy for 12 months after implantation of a drug-eluting stent: GLOBAL LEADERS. - One-Year Outcomes after PCI Strategies in Cardiogenic Shock: CULPRIT-SHOCK
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- 2018
30. Anomalous location of intracranial vessels in adults.
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Porta M, Moreno J, Werner M, Chirife Ó, and López-Rueda A
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- Angiography, Digital Subtraction, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Intracranial Hemorrhages, Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations diagnostic imaging, Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations therapy, Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations complications, Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Anomalous intracranial vessels are not uncommon, and this finding is not always associated with arteriovenous malformations. Other conditions such as anomalous connections between arteries or phlebitc patterns can also present as vessels with abnormal intracranial locations. Noninvasive diagnosis is important to determine whether to do more invasive tests such as cerebral digital subtraction angiography or to estimate the risk of bleeding in arteriovenous malformations and therefore to evaluate the need for endovascular/surgical treatment. In this paper, we present an algorithm for the differential diagnosis of anomalous intracranial vessels according to their location (intra/extra-axial) and function (whether the vessels are arterialized). Moreover, we analyze the important points of the angioarchitecture of the principal arteriovenous malformations with risk of intracranial bleeding, such as pial arteriovenous malformations and dural fistulas., (Copyright © 2021 SERAM. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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31. Manejo del trauma penetrante de cuello en dos hospitales de Bogotá, Colombia
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Pacheco, Maikel Adolfo, Aldana, Guillermo Eduardo, Granados, Álvaro Eduardo, Martínez, Luis Eduardo, Santacoloma, Jimena, Baquero, Rogers Leonardo, and Ramírez, Margarita María
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signs and symptoms ,examen físico ,traumatismos penetrantes ,clinical protocols ,angiografía por tomografía computarizada ,injuries, penetrating ,signos y síntomas ,physical examination ,computed tomography angiography ,traumatismos del cuello ,protocolos clínicos ,Neck injuries - Abstract
Resumen Introducción. El manejo del trauma penetrante de cuello en pacientes estables, según la zona de Monson lesionada, orienta la solicitud de pruebas diagnósticas para identificar lesiones vasculares, de las vías aéreas y del tubo digestivo. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes de 15 años o más con trauma penetrante de cuello, que consultaron a los dos hospitales de la Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá en un periodo de cinco a seis años. Se recolectó la información demográfica, clínica y de las pruebas diagnósticas practicadas, para determinar su utilidad. Las variables cualitativas se describieron con frecuencias relativas y absolutas, y las cuantitativas, con medias y desviaciones estándar. Resultados. Inicialmente, se incluyeron 148 pacientes, de los cuales 133 fueron catalogados como estables durante la valoración primaria, con un promedio de edad de 33,04 años (desviación estándar, DE=12,9); la mayoría (88,7 %) eran hombres. La mediana de la estancia hospitalaria fue de dos días (rango intercuartílico, RIQ=1-4 días). En la mayoría (117; 87,9 %) de los casos, la herida fue causada con arma cortopunzante. En casi todas las pruebas diagnósticas, se reportaron pocos hallazgos anormales, a excepción de la angiotomografía (angio-TC) que se practicó en 59 pacientes y demostró 43 resultados anormales. Se decidió tratamiento quirúrgico en siete pacientes catalogados como estables al ingreso y, en 14, por resultados anormales de las pruebas diagnósticas. Se presentaron cinco fallecimientos. Conclusión. El examen físico, la observación clínica y la angio-TC son suficientes para identificar lesiones vasculares, de la vía aérea o del tubo digestivo en los pacientes con trauma penetrante de cuello, en hospitales que no son considerados como especializados en trauma. Abstract Introduction: Management of penetrating neck trauma in stable patients according to the affected Monson zone directs the diagnostic tests to identify vascular, airway and digestive tract lesions. Materials and methods: A retrospective descriptive observational study was conducted. We included 15 year-old or older patients with penetrating neck trauma that consulted at the two hospitals of the Sociedad de Cirugía in Bogotá, Colombia, during a 5 to 6 year period. Demographic and clinical information was collected, as well as the results of the diagnostic tests applied in order to determine their utility. Qualitative variables were described with relative and absolute frequencies and quantitative variables with median and standard deviations. Results: 148 patients were enrolled initially, of which 133 were classified as stable during the primary assessment, with an average age of 33.04 years (SD: 12.9), the majority being men (88.7%). The median hospital stay was 2 days (IQR=1-4 days). The most frequent wound mechanism was a sharp bladed weapon in 117 cases (87.9%). A low proportion of abnormal findings were reported in the diagnostic tests, except for angiography CT which was performed in 59 patients with 43 with abnormal findings. Surgical management was defined for 7 patients classified as stable at admission and for 14 patients after abnormal findings found in the diagnostic tests. Five deaths were registered. Conclusion: Physical examination, clinical observation and angiography CT are sufficient to identify vascular, airway and digestive lesions in patients with penetrating neck trauma at hospitals that are not considered specialized in trauma.
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- 2018
32. Prevalencia de hallazgos incidentales en angiotomografía coronaria
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Cárdenas de la Garza, Diana Alejandra and Onofre Castillo, Javier Jesús
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Cartílago articular ,Hallazgos incidentales ,Rodilla ,Prevalencia ,Angiografía por tomografía computarizada ,Estudio transversal - Abstract
Introducción: La angiografía por tomografía computarizada (angio-TC) de arterias coronarias es un estudio de imagen ampliamente utilizado para evaluar enfermedad coronaria. Este método puede contribuir al diagnóstico de hallazgos incidentales (HI) los cuales pueden ser clínicamente significativos. Objetivo: Este estudio fue evaluar la ocurrencia de HI en pacientes hispanos del noreste de México en un hospital de tercer nivel. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal y retrospectivo en donde se analizaron 404 angio-TC de arterias coronarias realizadas entre Enero 1, 2014 y Diciembre 31, 2014. Resultados: Se encontraron hallazgos incidentales descritos en el reporte radiológico de 300 (74.2%) sujetos, siendo los intracardiacos más frecuentes la presencia de calcificación de la válvula aórtica y mitral. Se reportaron hallazgos incidentales extracardiacos en 295 (73.01%) reportes, siendo estos múltiples en 219 (54.2%) sujetos, llegando a un total de 745 hallazgos. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos extracardiacos más frecuentes fueron cambios osteodegenerativos (61.9%), hallazgos aórticos (38.4%), pulmonares (23.7%) y gastrointestinales (19.1%). Se sugirió seguimiento por algún método de imagen en 9 (2.2%) pacientes considerando estos hallazgos como significativos. Se encontró una alta prevalencia de hallazgos incidentales extracardiacos (73.01%) que supera al 41% reportado en la literatura internacional. Se necesitan estudios subsecuentes para evaluar el costo socioeconómico de estos hallazgos y su impacto sobre la población.
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- 2018
33. Persistencia de actividad eléctrica cerebral tras el diagnóstico clínico de muerte encefálica : incidencia, impacto y análisis comparativo del electroencefalograma frente a la angiografía por tomografía computarizada
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Hernández Hernández, Miguel Ángel, Fernández Torre, José Luis, Hernández Hernández, José Luis, and Universidad de Cantabria
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Muerte encefálica ,Brain death ,Diagnóstico ,Diagnosis ,Donación ,EEG ,Computed tomography angiography ,Angiografía por tomografía computarizada ,Organ donation - Abstract
RESUMEN: Objetivos: determinar la incidencia, causas y evolución de pacientes con persistencia de actividad eléctrica cerebral (PAEC) o flujo sanguíneo cerebral (PFSC) a pesar de una exploración clínica neurológica completa (ECNC) de muerte encefálica (ME), y analizar su impacto en la donación de órganos. Material y Métodos: pacientes adultos con diagnóstico clínico de ME desde 2000 a 2017. Revisamos variables clínicas, electroencefalográficas y radiológicas. Establecimos el intervalo de ME (IDME) como el tiempo entre la ECNC y el test confirmatorio de ME. Resultados: en 15 de 408 pacientes (3,7%) y 21 de 53 (39,6%) se observó PAEC y PFSC, respectivamente (p 6 horas (p=0,02). Conclusiones: la PAEC tras el diagnóstico clínico de ME es infrecuente y se asocia con lesiones infratentoriales. Un IDME > 6 horas disminuyó los consentimientos para la donación ABSTRACT: Objective: To determine the incidence, causes and evolution of patients with persistence of electrocerebral activity (PECA) or cerebral blood flow (PCBF) despite a complete neurological clinical examination (CNCE) of brain death (BD), and to analyze its impact on organ donation. Methods: adult patients with a diagnosis of BD from 2000-2017. Clinical, electroencephalographic and radiological data were reviewed. We calculated the BD interval (BDI) as the time between the CNCE and the confirmatory ancillary test of BD. Results: in 15 of 408 patients (3.7%), vs 21 of 53 (39.6%), we observed PECA and PCBF, respectively (p 6 hours (p = 0.02). Conclusions: the PECA after a clinical diagnosis of BD is infrequent and associated with infratentorial brain injury. BDI >6 h reduced the consents for organ donation.
- Published
- 2017
34. Pulmonary artery obstruction index, pulmonary artery diameter and right ventricle strain as prognostic CT findings in patient with acute pulmonary embolism.
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Hajiahmadi S, Tabesh F, Shayganfar A, Shirani F, and Ebrahimian S
- Abstract
Objective: This study was designed to determine predictors of pulmonary hypertension and signs of right heart dysfunction caused by pulmonary embolism (PE) that may lead to early detection of high-risk patients. So the predictive value of pulmonary artery obstruction index (PAOI), measured by pulmonary CT angiography (PCTA) in the acute setting, in predicting the patients susceptible to PE cardiac complications was evaluated. Also two other PCTA indices, pulmonary artery diameter (PAD), and right ventricle (RV) strain, in these patients were investigated and their predictive value for cardiac complications on follow up echocardiography were demonstrated., Materials and Methods: In the study 120 patients with a definite diagnosis of PE were included. The PAOI, PAD and RV strain were measured using PCTA at the time of the initial diagnosis. Transthoracic echocardiography was done 6 months after the diagnosis of PE and RV echocardiographic indices were measured. Pearson correlation was used to investigate correlation between PAOI, PAD, RV strain and signs of right heart dysfunction., Results: PAOI was strongly correlated with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) (r=0.83), RV systolic pressure (r=0.78) and RV wall thickness (r=0.61) in long-term follow up echocardiography. A higher rate of RV dysfunction and RV dilation was detected among the patients with higher PAOI (P<0.001). PAOI≥18 was strongly predictive for development of RV dysfunction. Also developments of pulmonary hypertension, RV systolic hypertension, RV dilation, RV dysfunction, and RV hypertrophy were significantly more common among patients with higher PAD and RV strain (P<0.001)., Conclusions: PAOI, PAD and RV strain are sensitive and specific PCTA indices that can predict the development of long-term complications such as pulmonary hypertension and right heart dysfunction, at the time of initial PE diagnosis., (Copyright © 2021 SERAM. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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35. Cuantificación del calcio mineral en la ateromatosis carotídea mediante angiografía por tomografía computarizada: perfil evolutivo y relación con la progresión del grado de estenosis volumétrica
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Arrebola López, Manuel Ángel, Miralles Hernández, Manuel, Martínez León, Juan Bautista, and Departament de Cirurgia
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arteriosclerosis ,estenosis carotídea ,osteoprotegerina ,calcificación vascular ,polimorfismos ,densitometría ósea ,angiografía por tomografía computarizada - Abstract
Antecedentes: La cuantificación y caracterización del calcio (Ca) mineral (hidroxiapatita) en la bifurcación carotídea con AngioTC, y su relación con la sintomatología neurológica, en un estudio preliminar de casos y controles (Miralles y cols. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006), constituye la base conceptual del presente estudio. Sus resultados, al igual que los de otras publicaciones, sugerían un posible papel protector del calcio en el desarrollo de eventos neurológicos. Sin embargo, su relación con la progresión de la ateromatosis carotídea ha sido escasamente analizado. Objetivos: Principales: 1. Diseñar un método de medición volumétrica de la ateromatosis (AE) carotídea y contenido de Ca mediante AngioTC. 2. Analizar el grado de calcificación arterial y su relación con la progresión de la ateromatosis carotídea. Secundarios: 3. Evaluar la relación entre calcificación arterial carotídea y descalcificación ósea, así como su posible conexión a través de los factores humorales implicados en la regulación del metabolismo Ca-P. 4. Estudiar un posible mecanismo genético común: relación entre los polimorfismos del gen de la OPG y la progresión de la calcificación en la placa de ateroma. Pacientes y método: Diseño: Cohortes, medidas repetidas. Pacientes: 54 pacientes, neurológicamente asintomáticos con estenosis de la arteria carótida interna (ECI) >50% (eco-Doppler). Determinaciones: Medición del grado de ECI mediante eco-Doppler y proyecciones MIP 2D de AngioTC. Medición del Volumen del molde de contraste y contenido de Ca (AngioTC cuantitativa: Agatston score modificado: volumen de Ca (mm3) x densidad radiológica (unidades Hounsfield, UH) en reconstrucción volumétrica (volume rendering) de la bifurcación carotídea (volumen de contraste entre 2 cm por debajo y 1 cm por encima de la bifurcación [VBif] y su cociente con un segmento de 1 cm en carótida primitiva [VCP]) (n=45). En todos los pacientes se repitió la exploración a los 122 meses para valorar la variación en el contenido de Ca y en el grado de estenosis volumétrica de la bifurcación, como medición indirecta de la progresión/regresión de la AE carotídea. Densitometría ósea de columna y fémur (n=32), (basal y a los 122 meses). Bioquímica y metabolismo Ca-P (Ca, P, vit D, PTH). Determinación de osteopontina (OPN) y osteoprotegerina (OPG) sérica y distribución de 7 SNPs del gen de la OPG seleccionados sobre bases bibiliométricas (n=48). Análisis estadístico: descriptivo (media [DE]); concordancia intra e interobservador (gráficos de Bland-Altman) y coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI), precisión eco-Doppler/AngioTC y Volumetría 3D/MIP 2D: sensibilidad (Sens), especificidad (Esp), índice kappa, curvas operador receptor (COR), comparación de medias (prueba T), análisis de regresión uni y multivariable. Resultados: 1. La medición volumétrica de la bifurcación carotídea mostró una concordancia intra e interobservador con un CCI de 0,96 (IC 95%: 0,904-0,985) y 0,94 (IC 95%: 0,822-0,977), respectivamente. El VBif/VCP del grupo de ECI50% (p=0,001). El punto de corte óptimo de la relación VBif/VCP se identificó a partir de la curva COR en 4,1 (Sens=0,75; Esp=0,75, kappa=0,46). 2. La medición mediante AngioTC demostró, a los 12 meses, un aumento del volumen promedio de pared arterial (disminución del volumen de la columna de contraste), respecto al valor basal (475,45 [155,6] mm3xUH vs 501,3 [171,9] mm3xUH, p=0,04), así como un aumento del Ca intraplaca (56,8 [52,3] vs 64,58 [57,8] mm3xUH, p=0,002). El análisis univariable demostró una correlación inversa entre el contenido basal de Ca y progresión de estenosis volumétrica de la bifurcación (r=-0,481; p50% (duplex scanning). Determinations: Measurement of CAS grade with duplex scanning and MIP 2D projections of AngioCT. Volume measurement of contrast medium and Ca content (quantitative AngioCT: Agatston score: Ca volume (mm3) x radiological density (Hounsfield units, HU) in volume reconstruction of the carotid bifurcation [contrast volume between 2 cm below and 1 cm above the bifurcation (BifV) and its ratio with that from 1 cm segment in common carotid artery (CCV)] (n=45). In all patients, the scans was repeated at 12±2 months to assess the variation in Ca content and the degree of bifurcation volumetric stenosis as an indirect measure of carotid AE progression / regression. Bone and spine densitometry (n=32), where obtained at baseline and after 12±2 months, as well as Biochemistry and Ca-P metabolism parameters (Ca, P, vit D, PTH). Determination of plasma levels of osteopontin (OPN) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) where compared with the distribution of 7 SNPs of the OPG gene selected on bibiliometrics bases (n=48). Statistical analysis: descriptive [mean (SD)]; Intra and interobserver agreement (Bland-Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), duplex scanning / AngioCT precision and 3D Volumetry / MIP 2D: Sensitivity (S), specificity (E), kappa index, ROC curves, means comparison (T test), univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results: 1.The volumetric measurement of the carotid bifurcation showed intra and interobserver agreement with a ICC of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.904-0.985) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.822-0.977), respectively. The BifV/CCV of the CAS > 50% group was 5.2±1.8 vs 3.8 ±1.3 in the CAS >50% group (p=0.001). The optimum cutoff point for the BifV/CCV relation was identified from the ROC curve at 4,1 (S=0.75, E=0.75, kappa=0.46). 2. AngioCT measurement showed, at 12 months, an increase in mean arterial wall volume (decrease in contrast column volume), compared to baseline (475.45 [155.6] mm3xHU vs 501.3 [171.9] mm3xHU, p=0.04), as well as an increase in intraplaque Ca (56.8 [52.3] vs 64.58 [57.8] mm3xHU, p=0.002). Univariate analysis showed an inverse correlation between basal Ca content and progression of bifurcation volumetric stenosis (r=-0.481; p
- Published
- 2017
36. Calidad de imagen y reducción de dosis en angiotomografía computarizada de arterias coronarias usando protocolo de baja energía
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Allende N, Felipe, Araya V, Karina, Madariaga M, Esteban, Bitar H, Patricia, and Paolinelli G, Paola
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Effective dose ,Dosis efectiva ,Tomografía computarizada ,Image quality ,Computed tomography angiography ,Angiografía por Tomografía computarizada ,Computed tomography ,Calidad de imagen - Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar la disminución de la dosis de radiación sin perjudicar la calidad de imagen, utilizando protocolos de adquisición de 100 y 120 kilovolts. Se analizaron 37 pacientes no obesos en un hospital privado de Santiago de Chile, de los cuales 20 fueron obtenidos con un protocolo de 120 kilovolts y los 17 restantes con protocolo de baja energía. Se evaluó la calidad de imagen cuantitativa y cualitativamente. El promedio de puntuación de la calidad de imagen para los grupos de 120 y 100 kilovolts fue de 3,25 ± 0,8 y 3,41 ± 0,7 respectivamente, demostrando una mejora en la calidad de imagen, aunque en un valor no significativo (p= 0,58). En las imágenes obtenidas con el protocolo de 100 kilovolts, se demostró una reducción en la dosis de radiación de un 41,99% además de un aumento significativo de la intensidad de la señal y del ruido. Se logró demostrar una disminución de la dosis de radiación sin perjuicio en la calidad de imagen diagnóstica en angiografía coronaria por tomografía computarizada. The objective of this study was to quantify the radiation dose reduction without impairing image quality, using 100 and 120 kiloVolts acquisition protocols. We analyzed 37 non-obese patients in a private hospital in Santiago, Chile, of which 20 were obtained with a protocol of 120 kiloVolts and the remaining 17 with low energy protocol. The quality of the image was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. The average image quality score for the 120 and 100 kiloVolts groups was 3.25 ± 0.8 and 3.41 ± 0.7 respectively, demonstrating an improvement in the image quality, although at a non-significant value (p= 0.58). In the images obtained with the 100 kiloVolts protocol, a reduction of 41.99% in the radiation dose was demonstrated in addition to a significant increase of the intensity of the signal and the noise. It was possible to demonstrate a decrease of the radiation dose without detriment in the diagnostic image quality in coronary angiography using computed tomography.
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- 2017
37. Acute pulmonary embolism: appropriateness of emergency department management according to clinical guidelines.
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Láinez-Ramos-Bossini AJ, Moreno-Suárez S, Pérez-García MC, Gálvez-López R, Sanz FG, and Rivera-Izquierdo M
- Abstract
Background and Aims: To evaluate the frequency of acute pulmonary embolism, the use of clinical probability scores, and the appropriateness of the management of patients for whom computed tomography angiography (CTA) was requested from the emergency department for suspected acute pulmonary embolism., Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of CTA studies requested from the emergency department to rule out acute pulmonary embolism. We analyzed clinical variables and the explicit use of clinical probability scores. We determined the appropriateness of management according to the Wells Score and Geneva Score and the simplified versions of these two scores, calculated retrospectively., Results: We included 534 patients (52.8% women; mean age, 73 years). The frequency of acute pulmonary embolism was 23.0% and the Wells Score was explicitly used in 15.2%. The appropriateness of the management varied depending on the clinical probability score used to assess it (54.5%-75.8%) and on whether the standard D-dimer or age-adjusted D-dimer was used., Conclusions: The failure to use the Wells Scores in all cases does not necessarily imply inappropriate management, and the performance of global clinical judgment can be similar to that of clinical probability scores; however, specific studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis., (Copyright © 2020 SERAM. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Usefulness of CT angiography for characterizing cerebral arteriovenous malformations presenting as hemorrhage: comparison with digital subtraction angiography.
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Zwanzger C, López-Rueda A, Campodónico D, Rosati S, Blasco J, San Román L, and Macho J
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations complications, Intracranial Hemorrhages etiology, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Angiography, Digital Subtraction, Cerebral Angiography, Computed Tomography Angiography, Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Objective: To compare the usefulness of CT angiography against the gold standard, digital subtraction angiography (DSA), in the characterization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) that present with bleeding., Material and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with intracranial bleeding due to an AVM who were included in a prospective database in the period comprising January 2007 through December 2012. We reviewed radiologic variables such as the characteristics of the AVM (size, location, presence of deep venous drainage), involvement of eloquent areas, and the presence of associated aneurysms. Two neuroradiologists blinded to clinical and radiological information analyzed the CT and DSA in consensus., Results: A total of 22 patients were included in the study. CT angiography correctly classified 15 of the 16 cases of AVM measuring less than 3cm (93.75% sensitivity). All cases of deep venous drainage and all those located in eloquent areas were correctly detected (100% sensitivity). The presence of any type of aneurysm related with the AVM was detected in 13 of 15 cases (86.6% sensitivity); 7 of 9 of the intranidal aneurysms were detected (77.78% sensitivity), as were 6 of the 9 flow aneurysms (66.67% sensitivity)., Conclusion: CT angiography is highly sensitive in the characterization of cerebral AVMs measuring less than 3cm, of those located in eloquent areas, and of those with deep venous drainage; it is also highly sensitive in detecting aneurysms related with AVMs. However, CT angiography is less sensitive in detecting intranidal and flow aneurysms related with AVMs., (Copyright © 2020. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Diagnóstico de muerte encefálica
- Author
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Dolores Escudero
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Gammagrafía cerebral con 99Tc-HMAO ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Donante de órganos ,Transcranial Doppler ,Muerte encefálica ,Doppler transcraneal ,Medicine ,Radiology ,Angiografía por tomografía computarizada ,business ,Computed tomography angiography - Abstract
La muerte encefálica ha sido reconocida como la muerte del individuo por la comunidad científica y aceptada como tal en la legislación de diferentes países. La muerte encefálica se define como el cese irreversible en las funciones de todas las estructuras neurológicas intracraneales, tanto de los hemisferios cerebrales como del troncoencéfalo. Esta situación aparece cuando la presión intracraneal supera la presión arterial sistólica del paciente, lo que da lugar a la parada circulatoria cerebral. La etiología más frecuente es la hemorragia cerebral y el traumatismo craneoencefálico. El diagnóstico debe ser realizado por médicos expertos en el manejo de pacientes neurocríticos y se basa en una exploración neurológica completa y extremadamente rigurosa que constate un coma arreactivo y ausencia de reflejos troncoencefálicos y respiración espontánea. Las pruebas instrumentales pueden ser obligatorios en algunos casos y varían en cada país. Los de tipo electrofisiológico son el electroencefalograma y los potenciales evocados. En pacientes tratados con fármacos sedantes se utilizan pruebas que evalúan el flujo sanguíneo cerebral, como la angiografía cerebral, el Doppler transcraneal y la gammagrafía con 99Tc-HMPAO. En España, más del 92% de los trasplantes se realizan con órganos procedentes de donantes en muerte encefálica. La declaración de muerte encefálica es un acto de gran responsabilidad, con trascendencia médica, ética y legal, ya que exige retirar todas las medidas artificiales de soporte o realizar la extracción de órganos para trasplante. Un amplio conocimiento sobre su diagnóstico y una correcta toma de decisiones evitan el consumo innecesario de recursos y optimizan la obtención de órganos para trasplante.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Aortic dissection class 3: a little-known entity. Presentation of 4 cases.
- Author
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Ruiz Carazo E, Láinez Ramos-Bossini AJ, Pérez García C, and López Milena G
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Aortic Dissection diagnostic imaging, Aortic Aneurysm diagnostic imaging, Aortography methods, Computed Tomography Angiography
- Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) is the most common acute condition of the aorta and has a high mortality. Therefore, it is a radiological emergency of vital importance. Currently, five subtypes are distinguished, among which AD class 3 -also known as limited or subtle AD- is the less recognised. This type of dissection is infrequent and needs to be acknowledged radiologically in order not to go unnoticed. Regarding its imaging features, this entity is characterized by a small focal bulging of the aortic wall outline and/or a limited round dilation at the region affected by the intimal tear. Recently, the low familiarity of the radiologist with this condition has been emphasized. With the aim of illustrating the main imaging findings of this entity and reviewing its most relevant aspects, we present four cases of AD class 3 diagnosed in our hospital., (Copyright © 2019 SERAM. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Brain death diagnosis
- Author
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Dolores Escudero
- Subjects
Neurologic Examination ,Brain Death ,Muerte encefálica ,Brain death ,Gammagrafía cerebral con 99Tc-HMAO ,Doppler transcraneal ,Humans ,Organ donor ,Transcranial Doppler ,Computed tomography angiography ,Angiografía por tomografía computarizada ,Scintigraphy with 99Tc-HMPAO ,Donante de órganos - Abstract
La muerte encefálica ha sido reconocida como la muerte del individuo por la comunidad científica y aceptada como tal en la legislación de diferentes países. La muerte encefálica se define como el cese irreversible en las funciones de todas las estructuras neurológicas intracraneales, tanto de los hemisferios cerebrales como del troncoencéfalo. Esta situación aparece cuando la presión intracraneal supera la presión arterial sistólica del paciente, lo que da lugar a la parada circulatoria cerebral. La etiología más frecuente es la hemorragia cerebral y el traumatismo craneoencefálico. El diagnóstico debe ser realizado por médicos expertos en el manejo de pacientes neurocríticos y se basa en una exploración neurológica completa y extremadamente rigurosa que constate un coma arreactivo y ausencia de reflejos troncoencefálicos y respiración espontánea. Las pruebas instrumentales pueden ser obligatorios en algunos casos y varían en cada país. Los de tipo electrofisiológico son el electroencefalograma y los potenciales evocados. En pacientes tratados con fármacos sedantes se utilizan pruebas que evalúan el flujo sanguíneo cerebral, como la angiografía cerebral, el Doppler transcraneal y la gammagrafía con 99Tc-HMPAO. En España, más del 92% de los trasplantes se realizan con órganos procedentes de donantes en muerte encefálica. La declaración de muerte encefálica es un acto de gran responsabilidad, con trascendencia médica, ética y legal, ya que exige retirar todas las medidas artificiales de soporte o realizar la extracción de órganos para trasplante. Un amplio conocimiento sobre su diagnóstico y una correcta toma de decisiones evitan el consumo innecesario de recursos y optimizan la obtención de órganos para trasplante. Brain death has been recognized by the scientific community as the person's death, and accepted in the legislation of different countries. Brain death is defined as the irreversible ending of the functions of all the intracranial neurological structure in both the brain and brain stem. This clinical situation appears when intracranial pressure exceeds the patient's systolic blood pressure, leading to brain circulatory arrest. The most frequent are cerebral hemorrhage and cranioencephalic trauma. Clinical diagnostic must be done by doctors with expertise in neurocritical patient treatment. This diagnosis is based on a systematic, complete and extremely rigorous clinical examination that confirms a non-reactive coma, absence of brain stem reflex, and absence of spontaneous breathing. Instrumental tests may be obligatory in some cases, this depending on each country. Electroencephalogram and evoked potentials are the electrophysiological tests used. In patients treated with sedative drugs, cerebral blood flow evaluation tests, such as cerebral angiography, transcranial Doppler or 99Tc-HMPAO scintigraphy, will be used. More than 92% of the transplants performed in Spain are performed with brain death donor organs. Brain death confirmation is a high responsibility act, with medical, ethical and legal significance since it requires removal of all artificial support, or organs extraction for transplant. Extensive knowledge on its diagnostic and correct decision making avoid unnecessary use of resources and improves management of organs for transplant.
- Published
- 2009
42. Value of Posterior circulation ASPECTS and Pons-Midbrain Index on non-contrast CT and CT Angiography Source Images in patients with basilar artery occlusion recanalized after mechanical thrombectomy.
- Author
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Werner MF, López-Rueda A, Zarco FX, Blasco J, San Román L, Amaro S, Carrero E, Valero R, Oleaga L, Macho JM, and Bargalló N
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Selection, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Time-to-Treatment, Treatment Outcome, Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency diagnostic imaging, Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency mortality, Computed Tomography Angiography, Endovascular Procedures mortality, Mechanical Thrombolysis mortality, Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency surgery
- Abstract
Purpose: Endovascular treatment with mechanical thrombectomy devices demonstrated high recanalization rates but functional outcome did not correlate with high rates of recanalization obtained. Patient selection prior to the endovascular treatment is very important in the final outcome of the patient. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic value of posterior circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (pc-ASPECTS) and Pons-Midbrain Index (PMI) scores in patients with Basilar Artery Occlusion (BAO) treated with successful angiographic recanalization after mechanical thrombectomy., Methods: Retrospective single-center study including 18 patients between 2008 and 2013 who had acute basilar artery occlusion managed with endovascular treatment within 24hours from symptoms onset and with successful angiographic recanalization. The patients were initially classified into two groups according to clinical outcome and mortality at 90 days. For analysis we also divided patients into groups based on pc-ASPECTS (≥8vs.<8) and PMI (≥3vs.<3) on non-contrast CT (NCCT) and CT Angiography Source Images (CTASI). Imaging data were correlated to clinical outcome and mortality rate., Results: CTASI pc-ASPECTS, dichotomized at <8 versus≥8, was associated with a favorable outcome (RR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3-5.2) and a reduced risk of death (RR: 6.5: 95% CI: 7.8-23.3). All patients that survived and were functionally independent had pc-ASPECTS score≥8. None of the 5 patients with CTASI pc-ASPECTS score less than 8 survived., Conclusion: PC-ASPECTS on CTASI is helpful for predicting functional outcome after BAO recanalization with endovascular treatment. These results should be validated in a randomized controlled trial in order to decide whether or not to treat a patient with BAO., (Copyright © 2018. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. When should computed tomography angiography of pulmonary vessels be done in patients with low clinical probability of acute pulmonary embolism?
- Author
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Ródenas Quiñonero I, Plasencia Martínez JM, and García Santos JM
- Subjects
- Acute Disease, Humans, Probability, Computed Tomography Angiography statistics & numerical data, Procedures and Techniques Utilization, Pulmonary Embolism diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
When the probability of pulmonary embolism is low, the decision to do a computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the pulmonary vessels is based on the D-dimer concentration. However, excessive dependence on this parameter can result in unnecessary imaging studies, inappropriate treatment, or an inappropriate increase in the estimated probability of venous thromboembolism developing. The main objective of this study was to determine when CTA of pulmonary vessels could be avoided in patients with low clinical probability of pulmonary embolism through an efficient literature search of studies published about this question., (Copyright © 2018 SERAM. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Is CT angiography of the pulmonary arteries indicated in patients with high clinical probability of pulmonary embolism?
- Author
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Martínez Montesinos L, Plasencia Martínez JM, and García Santos JM
- Subjects
- Humans, Computed Tomography Angiography, Pulmonary Artery diagnostic imaging, Pulmonary Embolism diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
When a diagnostic test confirms clinical suspicion, the indicated treatment can be administered. A problem arises when the diagnostic test does not confirm the initially suspected diagnosis; when the suspicion is grounded in clinically validated predictive rules and is high, the problem is even worse. This situation arises in up to 40% of patients with high suspicion for acute pulmonary embolism, raising the question of whether CT angiography of the pulmonary arteries should be done systematically. This paper reviews the literature about this issue and lays out the best evidence about the relevant recommendations for patients with high clinical suspicion of acute pulmonary embolism and negative findings on CT angiography. It also explains the probabilistic concepts derived from Bayes' theorem that can be useful for ascertaining the most appropriate approach in these patients., (Copyright © 2017 SERAM. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Angiotomografía en la evaluación de arterias perforantes para reconstrucción mediante colgajos: lo que el cirujano quiere saber y el radiólogo debe informar
- Author
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Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Radiología e Imágenes Diagnósticas, Aluja-Jaramillo, Felipe, Cifuentes, Sebastián, López, Carlos, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Radiología e Imágenes Diagnósticas, Aluja-Jaramillo, Felipe, Cifuentes, Sebastián, and López, Carlos
- Abstract
Desde la introducción del concepto de «angiosomas» se describieron las arterias perforantes y su potencial para el uso en colgajos. La angiotomografía es un método excelente para la valoración preoperatoria en cirugías reconstructivas y es clave en la valoración prequirúrgica. Es un estudio multidisciplinario en cuyo análisis participan el radiólogo y el cirujano plástico. Es importante incluir en el reporte radiológico el origen de la arteria, detallar su curso, cuantificar el calibre y determinar su emergencia para facilitar al cirujano la planeación prequirúrgica y la realización del procedimiento quirúrgico. Otra de las principales ventajas es que el uso de este método disminuye los tiempos quirúrgicos y las posibles complicaciones de las cirugías reconstructivas. El radiólogo debe estar familiarizado con los tipos de colgajos más comúnmente utilizados, la anatomía de las arterias y sus perforantes para guiar al cirujano en la planeación prequirúrgica y la toma de decisiones.
46. Relación entre los valores de Dímero D y la localización del tromboembolismo pulmonar agudo en angiotomografía de vasos pulmonares
- Author
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Daza Aragon, Jose Anibal, Aluja Jaramillo, Felipe, Daza Aragon, Jose Anibal, and Aluja Jaramillo, Felipe
- Abstract
Introducción El tromboembolismo pulmonar es una entidad que amenaza la vida, resulta de la obstrucción parcial o total de las arterias pulmonares o sus ramas por un émbolo que se genera de un trombo localizado previamente en el sistema venoso. Su incidencia ha ido en aumento en los últimos años debido a factores como el envejecimiento de la población y el aumento en la prevalencia de comorbilidades tales como la obesidad, cáncer y falla cardiaca, todas asociadas al tromboembolismo (1). El presente estudio pretende probar si hay una correlación entre los niveles de dímero D y la localización del tromboembolismo, la cual puede asociarse a la severidad del mismo. El fin del estudio será establecer puntos de corte en los valores del dímero de que permitan predecir si se trata de una enfermedad severa que requiera más intervenciones, para así minimizar las complicaciones derivadas de la condición primaria. Metodología: Se analizaron retrospectivamente 14 variables en 696 pacientes del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio en Bogotá, Colombia en el periodo entre enero de 2019 y diciembre de 2019 a quienes se haya solicitado dímero D y les hayan realizado una angiotomografía de vasos pulmonares por sospecha de tromboembolismo pulmonar agudo. Se evaluó la relación entre los valores de dímero D y la localización del tromboembolismo pulmonar (ramas periféricas, lobares y centrales) mediante curvas ROC. Resultados: El área bajo la curva para los segmentos periférico, lobar y central no mostraron resultados estadísticamente significativos para correlacionar los valores de dímero D y la localización del tromboembolismo pulmonar agudo en angiotomografía de vasos pulmonares. Conclusiones: No existe en el presente estudio relación entre los valores de dímero D y la localización del tromboembolismo pulmonar agudo en angiotomografía de vasos pulmonares. La inmovilización es un factor de riesgo que aumenta tres veces el riesgo de desarrollar tromboembolismo pulmonar agudo.
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