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OBJECTIVE: To clarify the anti-inflammatory effect of platelet lysate (PL) on equine persistent synovitis by using a model of synovitis induced by monoiodoacetic acid (MIA). METHODS: Nonseptic synovitis was induced by administering MIA into both antebrachiocarpal joints of 6 clinically healthy horses on day 0. On days 23, 30, and 37, carpal circumference measurement and synovial fluid collection for assays (leucocytes, LDH, tumor necrosis factor-a, and TGF-ß1) were performed, after which PL was injected into 1 antebrachiocarpal joint and saline into the contralateral joint. Synovium and synovial fluid were obtained on day 44 for histological analysis and quantification of inflammation-related genes (matrix metalloproteinase-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4, receptor activator of nuclear factor β ligand, and collagen type I a2 chain) and the abovementioned proteins. RESULTS: The LDH level on day 44 was significantly lower in the PL-injected joint than in the saline-treated one. However, no significant differences were found in the other indices quantified, including osteoclast counts on the synovium. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple IA administration of PL does not exert anti-inflammatory effects on the equine persistent synovitis induced by MIA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intra-articular PL administration did not alter many inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting that PL does not have a direct anti-inflammatory effect. However, the reduction in synovial LDH levels suggests that PL promoted joint tissue repair and may consequently alleviate inflammation at the site of administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The use of medicinal traditional plants and plant-derived compounds in the treatment of inflammatory states, including rheumatoid arthritis, is gaining attention due to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and fewer side effects compared to conventional drugs. The current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the Mediterranean plant Teucrium montanum L. on collagen-induced arthritis in rats, in an in vivo animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. The effect of the Teucrium montanum extract was evaluated by examining the cellular and molecular components of innate and adaptive immunity that have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of both rheumatoid arthritis and collagen-induced arthritis. The Teucrium montanum extract alleviated the clinical manifestation and improved the histopathological findings of arthritis in CIA. The extract improved the anti-/pro-oxidative balance in serum, suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in affected joints, and suppressed the T cell responses in secondary lymphoid organs and the production of autoantibodies. Our results suggest the anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory properties of Teucrium montanum extract and represent a basis for the further exploration of the possible therapeutic use of the extract or its compound/s. The anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory effects of Teucrium montanum L. (TM), a plant distributed in the Mediterranean region, have been insufficiently examined. The effects of the TM ethanol extract were tested in a rat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model of rheumatoid arthritis. LC-MS was used for the phytochemical analysis of the TM extract. Dark Agouti rats were immunized with bovine type II collagen (CII) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant for CIA, and treated with 100 or 200 mg/kg of TM extract daily via oral administration. Clinical and histopathological evaluations and a flow cytometric analysis of the phenotypic and functional characteristics of splenocytes and draining lymph node cells were performed. The cytokines in the paw tissue culture supernatants and anti-CII antibodies in serum were determined by ELISA. The TM extract, with the dominant components verbascoside and luteolin 7-O-rutinoside, reduced the arthritic score and ankle joint inflammation in CIA rats, promoted the antioxidant profile in serum, and lowered pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β production. It suppressed the activation status of CD11b+ cells by lowering CD86, MHCII and TLR-4 expression, and promoted the Th17/T regulatory cell (Tregs) balance towards Tregs. A lower frequency of B cells was accompanied by a lower level of anti-CII antibodies in treated rats. These findings imply the favorable effect of TM extract on the clinical presentation of CIA, suggesting its anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory action and potential therapeutic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our previous study has demonstrated that sulfated Chinese yam polysaccharide (SCYP) can improve immunomodulatory activity in Raw 264.7 cells. However, its anti‐inflammatory is little known. In this study, the anti‐inflammatory effects of SCYP were systematically investigated via the Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐induced Raw264.7 cell model, Caco‐2/Raw264.7 co‐culture system, and acute inflammation mice model. The results suggested SCYP promoted the cell proliferation and have no toxicity in Raw264.7 and Caco‐2 cells at the concentration of 200 µg/mL. Moreover, when treated with SCYP, the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α) reduced significantly in Raw264.7 via the MAPK/NF‐κB pathway. In the Caco‐2/Raw264.7 co‐cultured system, SCYP could regulate inflammation reaction by improving intestinal barrier, which might prevent systemic inflammation. Further, systemic inflammation was alleviated by SCYP in LPS‐induced acute inflammation mice through MAPK/NF‐κB pathway. Practical Application: These results supported that SCYP may be used as an anti‐inflammation agent in the functional food field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inula britannica is a traditional Chinese medicine that possesses various pharmacological effects, including expectorant, cough suppressant, and antibacterial effects. Phytochemical investigation of I. britannica resulted in the isolation of a pair of novel thymols, (8 S ,9 S)-inulabritanthymol A (1a) and (8 R ,9 R)-inulabritanthymol A (1b), and a new thymol inulabritanthymol B (2) as well as five known thymols (3 − 7). Their structures were characterized using 1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and quantum chemical calculations. Compounds 5 – 7 showed inhibitory potentials toward NO production, and their IC 50 values were 6.39, 5.80, and 8.53 μM, respectively. Molecular docking indicated the interaction of compound 6 with iNOS. These findings demonstrated that thymols served as potential candidates for developing anti-inflammatory drugs. [Display omitted] • Inulabritanthymols A and B were isolated from Inula britannica. • 8,10-dihydroxy-9-isobutyryloxythymol displayed an anti-inflammatory effect. • The interaction of 8,10-dihydroxy-9-isobutyryloxythymol with iNOS was analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hearing loss is one of the major public health problems in the world, which brings huge adverse effects to individuals and society. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is responsible for the majority of hearing loss. Mechanisms contributing to SNHL include excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species; over-activation of inflammatory factors; impaired blood micro-circulation in the inner ear or Ca2+ homeostasis imbalance, etc. Natural products (NPs), which have a long history of use in traditional medicine and a favorable safety profile, can be developed into a library of drug candidates for the treatment or prevention of SNHL. In this paper, we summarized 24 NPs to exhibit their preventive or therapeutic effects on cellular and animal models of SNHL in terms of their anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, microcirculation-improving, and calcium antagonist effects, as well as 5 NPs in current clinical application. Further, combination with advanced technologies such as drug delivery systems and network pharmacology are applied to improve the research of NPs in the prevention of SNHL. Overall, this review provides a strong reference for the mining and development of NPs in the prevention and treatment of SNHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distichochlamys benenica is a newly discovered plant belonging to the Distichochlamys family, which exerts many important biological activities. However, the anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant effects of the crude (ME) and fractioned extracts of D. benenica, such as hexane (HE), chloroform (CE), and ethyl acetate extracts (EAE), have not been elucidated yet. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated via DPPH free radical scavenging and phosphomolybdate assays. The anti-inflammatory potential of the extracts was assessed via their inhibitory effects on protein denaturation and nitric oxide production. The anti-cancer effect of the extracts against A549 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines was determined via MTT assay. The results revealed that among four extracts, the polyphenol concentration was highest in EAE (350.59 ± 13.26 mg GAE/g) while the flavonoid content was highest in HE and ME. Furthermore, the greatest DPPH radical capture efficiency was demonstrated by EAE (89.76 ± 0.68%), and total antioxidant activity was greatest in HE (204.18 ± 3.51 mg AAE/g). The greatest suppression of NO generation was similarly shown by EAE and HE, with IC50 values ranging from 3.72-4.06 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, HE and EAE exhibited an inhibitory effect on protein denaturation (ranging from 12.76%-28.81%). HE and EAE had the greatest effectiveness against MDA-MB-231 cell lines in the antitumor test. These findings validate the potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties of D. benenica extracts, especially EAE and HE, and pave the way for the application of the extracts in the pharmaceutical industry as promising anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive inflammatory results, such as those seen in rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular diseases, are known to cause various complications. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether heat-killed Latilactobacillus sakei CNS001WB and Lactobacillus pentosus WB693 can prevent inflammatory reactions. When LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were handled with either heat-killed Lact. sakei CNSC001WB or Lact. pentosus WB693, the production of nitric oxide reduced. Furthermore, the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, was suppressed. The expression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), which play important roles in inflammatory diseases, especially arthritis, was also reduced. Moreover, these strains inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, which activate various cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Additionally, heat-killed Lact. sakei CNSC001WB and Lact. pentosus WB693 inhibited the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Based on these results, we concluded that heat-killed Lact. sakei CNSC001WB and Lact. pentosus WB693 sufficiently inhibited the inflammatory response and may have anti-inflammatory potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five Australian seaweed species, Phyllosphora comosa, Ecklonia radiata, Durvillaea potatorum, Sargassum fallax, and Cystophora siliquosa, thrive along the country's shorelines. Some of these seaweeds have recognized health benefits but have not been fully investigated in terms of their bioactive components and mechanisms of action. We employed ultrasonication with 70% methanol to extract phenolic compounds from these seaweeds and investigated a range of bioactivities for these extracts, including anti‐inflammatory activity exploring urease inhibition, nitric oxide scavenging activity, protein denaturation inhibition, and protease inhibition. Anti‐diabetic activities were investigated using α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase inhibition assays. Anti‐proliferative and anti‐mitotic activities were evaluated using yeast‐cell and green‐gram models, respectively. Our findings showed that C. siliquosa inhibited nitric oxide, urease, and protease activities, with S. fallax, P. comosa, and E. radiata exhibiting substantial inhibition of protein denaturation. E. radiata displayed inhibitory effects on both α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, whereas P. comosa targeted only the α‐glucosidase enzyme, indicating different mechanisms of anti‐diabetic activity. In these anti‐mitotic assays, C. siliquosa exhibited low cell viability and a significant anti‐proliferative effect, particularly within 24 h, while E. radiata demonstrated notable inhibition at 48 h. LC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS investigation identified 48 phenolic compounds, including 19 phenolic acids, 20 flavonoids, and 9 other polyphenols. The presence of these compounds in extracts correlated with observed biological activities. These results support the potential health benefits of these seaweeds and link this activity to the presence of bioactive phenolics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Manihot esculenta (cassava) roots is a major food crop for its energy content. Leaves contain nutrients and demonstrate biological properties but remain undervalorized. In order to develop a bioguided optimization of cassava nutrition–health properties, we compared the phytochemistry and bioactive potential of cassava root flour extract (CF) with cassava flour extract enriched with 30% leaves powder (CFL). Cassava flour supplementation impact was explored on flour composition (starch, fiber, carotenoids, phenolic compounds), in vivo glycemic index, and bioactivity potential using macrophage cells. We assessed the impact of cassava flour supplementation on free radicals scavenging and cellular production of pro-inflammatory mediators. CFL showed higher levels of fiber, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and lower glycemic index. Significantly higher bioactive properties (anti-inflammatory and antioxidant) were recorded, and inhibition of cytokines production has been demonstrated as a function of extract concentration. Overall, our results indicate that enrichment of cassava flour with leaves significantly enhances its nutrition–health and bioactive potential. This bioguided matrix recombination approach may be of interest to provide prophylactic and therapeutic dietary strategy to manage malnutrition and associated chronic non-communicable diseases characterized by low-grade inflammation and unbalanced redox status. It would also promote a more efficient use of available food resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the efficacy and safety of a propolis–mangosteen extract complex (PMEC) on gingival health in patients with gingivitis and incipient periodontitis. A multicentered, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 104 subjects receiving either PMEC or placebo for eight weeks was conducted. The primary focus was on the changes in inflammatory biomarkers from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), with clinical parameters as secondary outcomes. The results revealed that the PMEC group showed a significantly reduced expression of all measured GCF biomarkers compared to the placebo group (p < 0.0001) at 8 weeks, including substantial reductions in IL-1β, PGE2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 levels compared to the baseline. While clinical parameters trended towards improvement in both groups, the intergroup differences were not statistically significant. No significant adverse events were reported, indicating a favorable safety profile. These findings suggest that PMEC consumption can attenuate gingival inflammation and mitigate periodontal tissue destruction by modulating key inflammatory mediators in gingival tissue. Although PMEC shows promise as a potential adjunctive therapy for supporting gingival health, the discrepancy between biomarker improvements and clinical outcomes warrants further investigation to fully elucidate its therapeutic potential in periodontal health management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To prepare a nanodrug MMC-ATS-@PLGA using polylactic acid hydroxyacetic acid copolymer(PLGA)as a carrier and mitomycin C(MMC)loaded on PLGA, and to analyse the biological safety and treatment effect of this nanodrug on inhibiting the proliferation of filtering bleb scarring after glaucoma surgery in vivo.METHODS: The thin-film dispersion hydration ultrasonic method was used to prepare the MMC-ATS-@PLGA, and its physical and chemical properties were detected. The effect of MMC-ATS@PLGA on rabbit corneas was analysed through corneal fluorescence staining and HE staining, and tear film rupture time(BUT), Schirmer test and intraocular pressure data were collected to analyse ocular surface biosafety. A slit lamp was used to observe and calculate the filtration bubble size, and the tissue morphological changes were analysed by conjunctival HE staining. In addition, immunohistochemistry and Elisa were used to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of Flumiolone Eye Drops(FML), MMC, and MMC-ATS-@PLGA nanoparticles on inhibiting the formation of filtering bleb scarring after glaucoma surgery from multiple perspectives via comparative proteomic analysis.RESULTS: The average particle size and zeta potential of MMC-ATS-@PLGA were 128.78±2.54 nm and 36.49±4.25 mV, respectively, with an encapsulation efficiency and a drug loading rate of(78.49±2.75)% and(30.86±1.84)%, respectively. At 33°C(the ocular surface temperature), the cumulative release rate of the MMC-ATS-@PLGA nanoparticles reached(76.58±2.68)% after 600 min. Moreover, corneal fluorescence staining, HE, BUT, Schirmer, and intraocular pressure results showed that MMC-ATS-@PLGA had good biocompatibility with the ocular surface of rabbits. At 3 wk after surgery, the area of filtering blebs in the MMC-ATS-@PLGA group was significantly larger than that in the FML group and MMC group, and the filtering blebs in the control group had basically disappeared. Pathological tissue analysis of the conjunctiva in the filtering blebs area of the eyes of the rabbits revealed that compared with that in the normal group, the morphology of the collagen fibres in the MMC-ATS-@PLGA group was relatively regular, the fibres were arranged neatly, and the tissue morphology was similar to that of the normal group. Immunohistochemistry and Elisa confirmed that compared with those in the normal group, the expression levels of α-SMA, CTGF, and type Ⅲ collagen fibre antibodies were significantly increased in the control group. After FML, MMC, or MMC-ATS-@PLGA treatment for 3 wk, the expression of inflammatory factors gradually decreased. Among the groups, the MMC-ATS-@PLGA group showed the most significant decrease(P

Yajie Wang,1,&ast; Bo Yuan,2,&ast; Wei Liu,3,&ast; Jianlin Cui,2 Xueyan Zhou,2 Liyun Yuan,2 Zihao Deng,4 Yuhao Li,5,6 Xiaoyong Yuan1,2 1Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 3Tianjin Zhonghe Gene Technology Limited Company, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China; 4Cancer Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 6Optometry Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiaoyong Yuan, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China, Email yuanxy_cn@hotmail.com Yuhao Li, Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email liyuhao@xwhosp.orgBackground: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is becoming the leading cause of blindness in the aged population. The death of photoreceptors is the principal event which is lack of curative treatment. Xaliproden, a highly selective synthetic 5-OH-tryptamine (5HT) 1A receptor agonist, has the neuroprotective potential. However, its application has been limited by the insoluble formulation, low utilization efficiency and side effects caused by systemic administration.Methods: Nanoscale zirconium-porphyrin metal-organic framework (NPMOF) was used as a skeleton and loaded with xaliproden (XAL) to prepare a novel kind of nanoparticle, namely, XAL-NPMOF. The human umbilical vein endothelial cells, zebrafish embryos and larvae were used to test the biotoxicity and fluorescence imaging capability of XAL-NPMOF both in vitro and in vivo. A photoreceptor degeneration model was generated by intense light injury in adult zebrafish and XAL-NPMOF was delivered to the injured retina by intraocular injection. The photoreceptor regeneration, inflammatory response and visual function were explored by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and optomotor response analysis.Results: Following a single XAL-NPMOF intraocular injection, the injured retina underwent the faster photoreceptor regeneration with a recovery of visual function via promoting cell proliferation, suppressing the inflammatory responses and increasing the expression of antioxidases.Conclusion: As an amplifier, NPMOF can enhance the anti-inflammatory efficacy and neuroprotective effect of xaliproden. XAL-NPMOF could be a novel and convenient option for the treatment of AMD.Keywords: nanoscale zirconium-porphyrin metal-organic framework, xaliproden, photoreceptor, anti-inflammatory effect, regeneration

The preliminary study revealed that the ethyl acetate eluate of Youngia japonica (YJ-E) could inhibit the expression of key proteins of p-p65, p-IκBα, p-IKKα/β, and p-AKT in LPS stimulated BV2 cell. Further phytochemical study led to the isolation of eight compounds from YJ-E, including one new sesquiterpene lactone. Their structures were elucidated by several spectroscopic data, and comparing the NMR data of known compound. In addition, all of the isolates were evaluated for the anti-inflammatory effect. As a result, compounds 3 and 4 distinctly attenuated the expressions of p-IκBα, p-p65, and p-AKT in LPS stimulated BV2 cell, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute pneumonia is a respiratory disease characterized by inflammation within the lung tissue, exhibiting higher morbidity rates and mortality rates among immunocompromised children and older adults. Symplocos species have been traditionally used as herbal remedies for conditions like dysentery, skin ulcers, diarrhea, and dyspepsia. Contemporary research has employed various Symplocos species in the study of diverse diseases. However, the exact efficacy and mechanisms of action of Symplocos Prunifolia remain unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of S. prunifolia extract (SPE) in A549 and RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SPE significantly reduced nitric oxide (NO) production and the protein expression levels of like inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, it reduced the protein expression levels of iNOS, COX-2 and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated A549 cells. The mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of SPE was associated with the inhibition of LPS stimulated the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Moreover, we confirmed that SPE decreased the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/p65 stimulated by LPS. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that SPE alleviates inflammatory responses by deactivating the PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that SPE is a potential candidate for acute pneumonia prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ulcerative colitis is a gastrointestinal problem with increasing prevalence. In this study, the effect of hesperidin (commonly found in citrus white peel) on colitis was investigated. For this purpose, 28 Wistar albino female rats, 3-- 4 months old and weighing between 250--350 g, were used in the study. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (n=7), colitis (n=7), protective effect (n=7), and treatment (n=7) groups. Colitis was induced in rats with acetic acid (except control), and hesperidin was then administered at 150 mg/kg for 1 week before and after colitis. At the end of the study, IFN-γ and IL-6 values in blood, TAS, TOS, and OSI in tissue were evaluated. Intestinal tissues were assessed visually by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Our results showed that the levels of IFN-γ and IL-6 were highest in the colitis group and lowest in the treatment group, with statistical significance. The most histopathological damage was seen in the colitis group, while less prevalent in the treatment and control groups. The results of the study show that hesperidin had limited protective and therapeutic effects on experimental colitis mouse models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of cancer treatment is to ensure that the drug reaches the tumor tissue and to reduce the side effects of the drug. This study was conducted to synthesize a novel nanostructured lipid carrier modified with chitosan-folate to deliver diltiazem to cancer cell lines and to evaluate its anticancer effect. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) methods were used to characterize the nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity effect on cancer cell lines variants was measured. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to assess the induction of apoptosis. The inflammatory effects were evaluated by molecular analysis, and the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and Ferric reducing antioxidant power methods were used to measure the antioxidant power of the nanoparticles. The results reported the mean of the real and hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticles as 87.7 and 249 nm, respectively, and the encapsulation efficiency of diltiazem was reported to be 86.6%. The cytotoxicity results revealed that the breast cancer cells were more sensitive to treatment, with a median concentration of 33.5µg/ml. Additionally, the nanoparticle treatment led to the arrest of cells in the SubG1 phase while increasing the expression of caspases 3 and 9, which indicates the activation of the internal pathway of apoptosis. Additionally, the increase in the expression of interleukins 6 and 10 suggests an effect of the nanoparticles on inflammation. In addition, the ability to inhibit 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals with an average concentration of 577, which is more significant than 1000 µg/ml, and the ability of the nanoparticles to reduce iron ions confirmed the antioxidant effect of diltiazem-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. These results suggest that the nanoparticles have an excellent potential to treat breast cancer.

Background: Probiotic administration can be an effective treatment against intestinal inflammation. This study aimed to assess the potential effects of spores isolated from probiotic strains Bacillus subtilis natto and Bacillus coagulans Hammer on inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human colon epithelial cells in vitro. Materials and Methods: The viability of HT-29 cells treated with spores derived from B. subtilis natto and B. coagulans Hammer (MOI 10, 100, 1000), as well as LPS (10 µg/ml) was assessed. The anti-inflammatory effects of spores were examined on HT-29 cells that were pre-stimulated with LPS. The expression level of IL-6 and TLR4 genes in HT-29 cells was quantified after 24 h using RT-qPCR. Results: There was no significant reduction in the viability of HT-29 cells after exposure to LPS and various MOIs of probiotic spores. Stimulation of HT-29 cells with LPS significantly increased the expression level of IL-6 and TLR4 in comparison to control (P < 0.0001). Spores isolated from both probiotic strains, B. subtilis natto and B. coagulans Hammer, caused a significant reduction in the gene expression of IL-6 and TLR4 in HT-29 cells compared to LPS control (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that probiotics-derived spores may exert anti-inflammatory effects through interference with the LPS signaling pathway in colon cancer HT-29 cell line.

Edible fungus polysaccharides have garnered significant attention from scholars due to their safety and potential anti-inflammatory activity. However, comprehensive summaries of their anti-inflammatory properties are still rare. This paper provides a detailed overview of the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of these polysaccharides, as well as their impact on inflammationrelated diseases. Additionally, the relationship between their structure and antiinflammatory activity is discussed. It is believed that this review will greatly enhance the understanding of the application of edible fungus polysaccharides in anti-inflammatory treatments, thereby significantly promoting the development and utilization of edible fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an arthritic model produced by Complete Freund's adjuvant, the purpose was to investigate the therapeutic benefits of amiodarone hydrochloride and betaine hydrochloride alone and in combination. Amiodarone hydrochloride and betaine hydrochloride groups displayed significant improvements in body weight, paw volume, motility test and stair climbing ability. Blood analysis indicated that amiodarone hydrochloride and betaine hydrochloride could modulate RBC, WBC, platelet levels and hemoglobin levels. X-ray radiography demonstrated reduced joint space and increased radiodensity in the disease control, which improved with amiodarone hydrochloride and betaine hydrochloride groups. Histopathological analysis revealed reduced tissue damage in the treated groups in comparsion to disease control. Moreover, amiodarone hydrochloride and betaine hydrochloride treatment significantly reduced TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-17 levels, with betaine hydrochloride having the most pronounced effect. Intriguingly, betaine hydrochloride effectively suppressed NF-kB activity in the tissue homogenate. Amiodarone hydrochloride and betaine hydrochloride, whether administered alone or in combination, exhibited substantial anti-inflammatory and protective effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontis is a chronic inflammatory disease induced by periodontopathogenic bacteria. The excessive immune response caused by persistent bacterial infection leads to alveolar bone resorption and ultimately tooth loss. Cardamonin is a biologically active substance that is found in the Zingiberaceae family, such as Alpinia zerumbet, and is classified as a natural chalcone. There have been no attempts to use cardamonin for the treatment of periodontitis, and no reports have examined the effects of cardamonin on periodontal tissue component cells. The aim of this study was to analyze effects of cardamonin on expression of inflammation mediators produced by TNFα-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs), including its effects on signal transduction molecules. Cytokine and chemokine levels were measured by ELISA. Protein expression in HPDLCs and activations of signal transduction pathway were determined by Western blotting. Our results indicate that cardamonin suppresses C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)2, CCL20, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, and interleukin (IL)-6 production and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in TNF-α-stimulated HPDLCs. In addition, cardamonin induced the expression of the antioxidant enzyme, Heme Oxygenase (HO)-1, in HPDLCs. Furthermore, cardamonin suppressed TNF-α-stimulated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signaling pathways in HPDLCs. We show that cardamonin reduces inflammatory mediator production by inhibiting the activation of several signaling pathways in this manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new chromone derivative, aspergione A (1), along with seven known metabolites, was isolated from a mangrove endophytic fungus, Aspergillus sp. GXNU-B1, which was collected from mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius L. Their structures and the absolute configuration of 1 were elucidated based on the analysis of HR-ESI-MS, NMR, and ECD calculation. Compounds 1-8 were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effects on the production of nitricoxide (NO). Compounds 1 and 8 have potent inhibitory effects against NO production in activated macrophages with IC50 values of 38.26 and 44.30 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laurus nobilis L. is commonly used in folk medicine in the form of infusion or decoction to treat gastrointestinal diseases and flatulence as a carminative, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory agent. In this study, the essential oil (EO) composition of wild-grown L. nobilis L. leaves collected from seven different altitudinal locations in the Molise region and adjacent regions (Abruzzo and Campania) was investigated. EOs from the leaves were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC/MS, and 78 compounds were identified. The major oil components were 1,8-cineol (43.52–31.31%), methyl-eugenol (14.96–4.07%), α-terpinyl acetate (13.00–8.51%), linalool (11.72–1.08%), sabinene (10.57–4.85%), α-pinene (7.41–3.61%), eugenol (4.12–1.97%), and terpinen-4-ol (2.33–1.25%). Chemometric techniques have been applied to compare the chemical composition. To shed light on the nutraceutical properties of the main hydrophobic secondary metabolites (≥1.0%) of laurel EOs, we assessed the in vitro antioxidant activities based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging activity and the reducing antioxidant power by using a ferric reducing power (FRAP) assay. Furthermore, we highlighted the anti-inflammatory effects of seven EOs able to interfere with the enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), a key enzyme in the arachidonic acid cascade, in concentrations ranging from 16.5 ± 4.3 to 8062.3 ± 580.9 mg/mL. Thanks to in silico studies, we investigated and rationalized the observed anti-inflammatory properties, ascribing the inhibitory activity toward the disclosed target to the most abundant volatile phytochemicals (≥1.0%) of seven EOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fever is a common clinical issue, causing concern for parents and being the most frequent reason for visits to pediatricians and pediatric emergency services. Pain accompanies children in various pathological conditions during their growth. Although the importance of pain perception and the use of analgesics is emphasized, pain in the pediatric population is still insufficiently recognized, unlike fever. Ibuprofen is one of the most commonly used medications in the pediatric population, indicated for reducing fever, as well as relieving pain and inflammation in various diseases. The pharmacological properties of ibuprofen indicate a good safety profile with effective results, contributing to its widespread use. The most commonly expected adverse reactions, considering the mechanism of action, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, are rare in children. In a healthy child, there are no adverse effects on the kidneys; however, in conditions of dehydration or kidney disease, fluid volume should be replenished before administering ibuprofen. Given its broad application during fever caused by infection, some conditions are associated with more severe clinical skin and respiratory infections. It is also linked to exacerbations of asthma and a higher risk of asthma if used during pregnancy and the early years of life. This potential association requires additional research to be methodologically confirmed. Therefore, in this paper, through a literature review, we present the effectiveness and safety of ibuprofen use in the pediatric population in various pathological condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of cancer treatment is to ensure that the drug reaches the tumor tissue and to reduce the side effects of the drug. This study was conducted to synthesize a novel nanostructured lipid carrier modified with chitosan-folate to deliver diltiazem to cancer cell lines and to evaluate its anticancer effect. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) methods were used to characterize the nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity effect on cancer cell lines variants was measured. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to assess the induction of apoptosis. The inflammatory effects were evaluated by molecular analysis, and the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and Ferric reducing antioxidant power methods were used to measure the antioxidant power of the nanoparticles. The results reported the mean of the real and hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoparticles as 87.7 and 249 nm, respectively, and the encapsulation efficiency of diltiazem was reported to be 86.6%. The cytotoxicity results revealed that the breast cancer cells were more sensitive to treatment, with a median concentration of 33.5µg/ml. Additionally, the nanoparticle treatment led to the arrest of cells in the SubG1 phase while increasing the expression of caspases 3 and 9, which indicates the activation of the internal pathway of apoptosis. Additionally, the increase in the expression of interleukins 6 and 10 suggests an effect of the nanoparticles on inflammation. In addition, the ability to inhibit 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals with an average concentration of 577, which is more significant than 1000 µg/ml, and the ability of the nanoparticles to reduce iron ions confirmed the antioxidant effect of diltiazem-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers. These results suggest that the nanoparticles have an excellent potential to treat breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spontaneous previable rupture of membranes complicates approximately 0.4–0.7% of pregnancies and is associated with severe maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Intra-amniotic inflammation is present in up to 94.4% of cases, most often caused by a bacterial infection. In comparison, the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in its eradication reaches less than 17%. Inflammatory activity in the amniotic cavity disrupts the physiological development of the fetus with an increase in maternal, fetal, and neonatal inflammatory morbidity through the development of fetal inflammatory response syndrome, maternal chorioamnionitis, and neonatal sepsis. Amniopatch is an invasive therapeutic technique based on intra-amniotic administration of maternal hemoderivates in the form of thromboconcentrate and plasma cryoprecipitate to provide the temporary closure of the fetal membranes defect and secondary restitution of normohydramnios with correction of pressure–volume ratios. The supposed basis of this physical–mechanical action is the aggregation of coagulant components of amniopatch in the area of the defect with the formation of a valve cap. The background for the formulation of the hypothesis on the potential anti-infectious and anti-inflammatory action of non-coagulant components of amniopatch involved: i) clinical–academic and publishing outputs of the authors based on their many years' experience with amniopatch application in the treatment of spontaneous previable rupture of membranes (2008–2019), ii) the documented absence of clinically manifested chorioamnionitis in patients treated this way with a simultaneously reduced incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome compared to expectant management (tocolysis, corticotherapy, antibiotic therapy). The non-coagulant components of plasma cryoprecipitate include mainly naturally occurring isohemagglutinins, albumin, and soluble plasma fibrinogen. Although these components of the amniopatch have not been attributed a significant therapeutic role, the authors assume that due to their opsonizing and aggregative properties, they can significantly participate in optimizing the intrauterine environment through the reduction in bacterial and cytokine charge in the amniotic fluid. The authors think these facts constitute a vital stimulus to future research–academic activity and, at the same time, an idea for reconsidering the therapeutic role of amniopatch as a tool for improving perinatal results of spontaneous previable ruptures of membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Probiotic administration can be an effective treatment against intestinal inflammation. This study aimed to assess the potential effects of spores isolated from probiotic strains Bacillus subtilis natto and Bacillus coagulans Hammer on inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in human colon epithelial cells in vitro. Materials and Methods: The viability of HT-29 cells treated with spores derived from B. subtilis natto and B. coagulans Hammer (MOI 10, 100, 1000), as well as LPS (10 µg/ml) was assessed. The anti-inflammatory effects of spores were examined on HT-29 cells that were pre-stimulated with LPS. The expression level of IL-6 and TLR4 genes in HT-29 cells was quantified after 24 h using RT-qPCR. Results: There was no significant reduction in the viability of HT-29 cells after exposure to LPS and various MOIs of probiotic spores. Stimulation of HT-29 cells with LPS significantly increased the expression level of IL-6 and TLR4 in comparison to control (P < 0.0001). Spores isolated from both probiotic strains, B. subtilis natto and B. coagulans Hammer, caused a significant reduction in the gene expression of IL-6 and TLR4 in HT-29 cells compared to LPS control (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that probiotics-derived spores may exert anti-inflammatory effects through interference with the LPS signaling pathway in colon cancer HT-29 cell line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects of Bacillus subtilis P223 which is known to have probiotic properties. B. subtilis P223 that had been killed by heat in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells decreased nitric oxide (NO) production. Furthermore, it inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Heat-killed B. subtilis P223 also inhibited the expression of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB cellular signaling pathway, and it showed reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction. In DPPH, ABTS, and SOD assay, B. subtilis P223 showed a high antioxidant capacity, and inhibited the growth of skin related pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes. This study therefore demonstrated the various functional properties of B. subtilis P223 as probiotics, and suggested the potential for its application as functional material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been utilised to treat a wide range of illnesses. Research on the therapeutic effects of various plant parts has a lot of promise. The biological activity of Calotropis procera roots, stem, leaves, and fruits are well-known. The plant Calotropis procera exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties, including hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-diabetic effects. The current study demonstrated the sub-acute toxicity, phytochemical screening, and anti-inflammatory properties of a hydro-ethanolic extract of Calotropis procera leaves. For 14 days, the extract's acute toxicity (2000 mg/kg) was studied in Wistar rats. The established test procedure described in the literature was used to determine the quantitative analysis of total phenolics and flavonoids as well as the qualitative analysis of different phytochemical constituents. The Folins Ciocalteau reagent and the aluminium chloride method were used for the quantitative measurement of flavonoids and phenolics, respectively. Alkaloids, glycosides, sugars, tannins, flavonoids, and steroids were all found by phytochemical study. The extract of Calotropis procera has a total phenolic content of 0.475 mg/100 mg, which was followed by flavonoids (0.689 mg/100 mg). Up to 2000 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract did not have any harmful effects. In a dosedependent way, the hydroalcoholic extract of Calotropis procera (100 and 200 mg/kg) reduced the inflammation in rats caused by formalin and carrageenan. Calotropis procera hydroalcoholic extract has potent anti-inflammatory properties and could be a promising source of anti-inflammatory chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cannabis sativa L. has been widely used by humans for centuries for various purposes, such as industrial, ceremonial, medicinal, and food. The bioactive components of Cannabis sativa L. can be classified into two main groups: cannabinoids and terpenes. These bioactive components of Cannabis sativa L. leaf and inflorescence extracts were analyzed. Mice were systemically administered 30 mg/kg of Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract 1 h before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, and behavioral tests were performed. We conducted an investigation into the oxygen saturation, oxygen tension, and degranulation of mast cells (MCs) in the deep cervical lymph nodes (DCLNs). To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Cannabis sativa L. extracts in BV2 microglial cells, we assessed nitrite production and the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The main bioactive components of the Cannabis sativa L. extracts were THCA (a cannabinoid) and β-caryophyllene (a terpene). Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract reduced the immobility time in the forced swimming test and increased sucrose preference in the LPS model, without affecting the total distance and time in the center in the open field test. Additionally, Cannabis sativa L. leaf extract improved oxygen levels and inhibited the degranulation of MCs in DCLNs. The Cannabis sativa L. extracts inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, nitrite, iNOS, and COX-2 expression in BV2 microglia cells. The efficacy of Cannabis sativa L. extracts was suggested to be due to the entourage effect of various bioactive phytochemicals. Our findings indicate that these extracts have the potential to be used as effective treatments for a variety of diseases associated with acute inflammatory responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined whey protein's impact on insulin resistance in a high-fat diet-induced pediatric obesity mouse model. Pregnant mice were fed high-fat diets, and male pups continued this diet until 8 weeks old, then were split into high-fat, whey, and casein diet groups. At 12 weeks old, their body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood insulin level (IRI), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), liver lipid metabolism gene expression, and liver metabolites were compared. The whey group showed significantly lower body weight than the casein group at 12 weeks old (p = 0.034). FBG was lower in the whey group compared to the high-fat diet group (p < 0.01) and casein group (p = 0.058); IRI and HOMA-IR were reduced in the whey group compared to the casein group (p = 0.02, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). The levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and hormone-sensitive lipase were upregulated in the whey group compared to the casein group (p < 0.01, p = 0.03). Metabolomic analysis revealed that the levels of taurine and glycine, both known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, were upregulated in the whey group in the liver tissue (p < 0.01, p < 0.01). The intake of whey protein was found to improve insulin resistance in a high-fat diet-induced pediatric obesity mouse model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory properties of boric acid (BA) in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in rats, evaluating its biochemical and histopathological therapeutic effects. A KOA rat model was induced by injecting monosodium iodoacetate into the knee joint. Random assignment was performed for the experimental groups as follows: group-1(control), group-2(KOA control), group-3 (BA:4 mg/kg, orally), group-4(BA:10 mg/kg, orally), group-5(BA:4 mg/kg, intra-articularly), and group-6(BA:10 mg/kg, intra-articularly). The rats received 100 µL of BA intra-articularly on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 or 1 mL orally once a day (5 days/week) for 4 weeks. Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) were measured. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on knee joint samples using specific antibodies for IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-13, and nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2). Group-2 exhibited higher serum IL-1β and TNF-α levels and MMP-13 activity than group-1 (P < 0.05). However, IL-1β and TNF-α levels and MMP-13 activity were lower in all treatment groups than in group-2, with statistically significant reductions observed in groups-4, 5, and 6. Histopathologically, group-2 displayed joint space narrowing, cartilage degeneration, and deep fissures. Groups-5 and 6 demonstrated significant joint space enlargement, articular cartilage tissue regeneration, and immunostaining patterns similar to those in group-1. Immunohistochemically, group-2 showed significant increases in IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-13, and NOS-2 expression. However, all treatment groups exhibited reductions in these expression levels compared to group-2, with statistically significant decreases observed in groups-5 and 6 (P < 0.01). BA shows potential efficacy in reducing inflammation in experimental KOA model in rats. It may be a promising therapeutic agent for KOA, warranting further clinical studies for validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionDue to the high mortality rate and increasing severity of antibiotic resistance, there is a growing interest in new treatments for Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP)-induced pneumonia. Research has shown that the single herbs of SiHuangQingXinWan (SHQXW) are effective in treating pneumonia caused by KP. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway has garnered attention for its potential role in the management of bacterial infections. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-pneumonia effect of SHQXW and to investigate its mechanism of action.Materials and MethodsThe potential plant metabolites and molecular targets of SHQXW in the context of pneumonia were determined through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and bioinformatics analysis. The therapeutic effect of SHQXW was evaluated in a KP-induced pneumonia murine model with imipenem/cilastatin as a positive control. Transcriptomics and non-targeted metabolomics were carried out to unveil potential mechanisms and targets for anti-pneumonia effects. Additionally, an in-depth exploration on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was conducted in this study.ResultsA total of 24 potential plant metabolites and 285 SHQXW-pneumonia-related targets selected by Homo sapiens were identified in this study. The tested doses of SHQXW significantly reduced mortality, improved body weight, decreased the lung index, reduced the bacterial load, and alleviated lung pathological damage in the KP-induced pneumonia murine model (p < 0.05). Notably, 1.3 g/kg/day of SHQXW provided the most effective protective outcome. Furthermore, SHQXW demonstrated the ability to suppress the production of inflammatory factors such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, IL-12p70, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1, KC, and TNF-α. Analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data revealed that SHQXW could modulate inflammation-related signaling pathways (TNF, HIF-1, NF-κB, and PI3K/AKT) and metabolites to regulate pulmonary inflammation. Additional experiments using RT-qPCR and western blotting indicated that SHQXW may exert anti-inflammatory effects by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.DiscussionThe findings indicate that SHQXW effectively reduces inflammation in mice with KP-induced pneumonia by modulating inflammatory signaling pathways and metabolites, rather than by directly inhibiting the growth of KP. This study introduces a novel treatment approach for KP-induced pneumonia and presents a new outlook on drug development.

The mannose-rich exopolysaccharide EPS B3-15, produced by the thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis B3-15, was previously reported to possess promising potentialities as antiviral and immunomodulatory agent, and in preventing the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, EPS B3-15 was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced macrophages and the ability to contrast the adhesion of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae as pathogenic bacteria of the respiratory tract. Without affecting the macrophages viability, the EPS at low concentration (300 μg/mL) significantly downregulated the gene expression of iNOS and the consequent NO generation, and it also decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the EPS reduced the adhesion of Str. pneumoniae (47 %) more efficiently than K. pneumoniae (38 %), due to its ability to modify the abiotic surfaces properties and alter the charges of bacterial-cell surface of Gram-positive more than Gram-negative. As able to reduce the inflammatory responses in macrophage cells and simultaneously prevent biofilm-related to the respiratory tract infections, EPS B3-15 could have potential use as nasal spray with anti-inflammatory action and surface-coating agent for medical devices.

ABSTRACT: Over 10,000 metric-ton broiler livers are produced annually in Taiwan. Concerning unpleasant odor and healthy issue, broiler livers are not attractive to consumers. Although the patented chicken-liver hydrolysates (CLHs) through pepsin digestion possess several biofunctionalities, there is no study on hepatoprotection of CLH-based formula capsule (GBHP01) against binge drinking (Whiskey, 50% Alc./Vol.). GBHP01 led to an accelerated blood-alcohol clearance in rats, as evidenced by lowering blood-alcohol increment within 0 to 4 h, increasing blood-alcohol decrement within 4 to 8 h, and smaller blood alcohol concentration areas under the curve (BAC AUC) in the 8-h period (p < 0.05). The ameliorative effects of GBHP01 against binge drinking in rats over 6 wk were attributed to accelerated alcohol metabolism by further increasing alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities while downregulating cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) protein expression, elevating antioxidant capacity, decreasing zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein decrement and serum endotoxin, and reducing inflammation related protein levels, that is, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and proinflammatory cytokines. The development of CLH supplements could not only enhance the added value of broiler livers through nutraceutical development but also offer a strategy to maximize the utilization of poultry processing residues, as shown in this study.

Objective: To isolate and purify polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale, characterize their structure and explore their anti-inflammatory effects. Methods: Polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale were obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. DOP-1 was purified by DEAE-52 cellulose ion exchange resin and Sephadex G-100. Ultraviolet scanning, GC, high-performance gel chromatography, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance scanning were used to analyze the structure of DOP-1 polysaccharide, and the inhibitory effect of DOP-1 on the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells was determined. And its effect on the expression of NO, TNF-α and IL-1β in RAW264.7 cells induced by LPS. Results: DOP-1 was a homogeneous polysaccharide composed of rhamnose, mannose, glucose and galactose with a monosaccharide molar ratio of 0.6:9.0:2.7:2.9 and a molecular weight of 59.2 kDa. DOP-1 did not significantly inhibit the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells. Compared with the model group, DOP-1 significantly inhibited the expression of NO, TNF-α and IL-1β. Conclusions: The polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinaleobtained in this study had clear structure and good anti-inflammatory activity, and the extraction conditions were feasible. This study would provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale with anti-inflammatory effect.

Extracts from medicinal plants are widely used in the treatment and prevention of different diseases. Micromeria frivaldszkyana is a Balkan endemic species with reported antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics; however, its phytochemical composition is not well defined. Here, we examined the metabolome of M. frivaldszkyana by chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols were the primary metabolites with the highest levels in the plant extract. Detailed analysis of the sugar content identified high levels of sucrose, glucose, mannose, and fructose. Lipids are primary plant metabolites, and the analysis revealed triacylglycerols as the most abundant lipid group. Potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and calcium (Ca) were the elements with the highest content. The results showed linarin, 3-caffeoil-quinic acid, and rosmarinic acid, as well as a number of polyphenols, as the most abundant secondary metabolites. Among the flavonoids and polyphenols with a high presence were eupatorin, kaempferol, and apigenin—compounds widely known for their bioactive properties. Further, the acute toxicity and potential anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract were evaluated in Wistar rats. No toxic effects were registered after a single oral application of the extract in doses of between 200 and 5000 mg/kg bw. A fourteen-day pre-treatment with methanolic extract of M. frivaldszkyana in doses of 250, 400, and 500 mg/kg bw induced anti-inflammatory activity in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd hours after carrageenan injection in a model of rat paw edema. This effect was also present in the 4th hour only in the group treated with a dose of 500 mg/kg. In conclusion, M. frivaldszkyana extract is particularly rich in linarin, rosmarinic acid, and flavonoids (eupatorin, kaempferol, and apigenin). Its methanolic extract induced no toxicity in male Wistar rats after oral application in doses of up to 5000 mg/kg bw. Additionally, treatment with the methanolic extract for 14 days revealed anti-inflammatory potential in a model of rat paw edema on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd hours after the carrageenan injection. These results show the anti-inflammatory potential of the plant, which might be considered for further exploration and eventual application as a phytotherapeutic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Our previous study found that glycation with uronic acid‐type reducing sugar enhanced the anti‐inflammatory effect of fish myofibrillar protein (Mf) via the Maillard reaction, and the molecular mechanism of enhanced anti‐inflammatory effect was investigated in this study. Mf was glycated with various reducing sugars at 60 °C and 35% relative humidity. After pepsin‐trypsin digestion, the anti‐inflammatory effects were evaluated by assessing secretions of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and expressions of LPS‐stimulated signalling pathway‐related genes in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Mf glycated with uronic acid‐type reducing sugars: glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid and alginate oligosaccharide, suppressed expression of cd14 and further suppressed expressions of tlr4 and myd88 comparing with intact and glycated Mf with glucose and galactose. Furthermore, uronic acid‐glycated Mf significantly suppressed expressions and secretions of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The results indicate that uronic acid‐type glycation enhances anti‐inflammatory effect of Mf by attenuating expression of cd14 and enhancing the Mf‐induced suppression in TLR4‐MyD88‐dependent inflammatory signalling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study represents an advancement in the field of composite material engineering, focusing on the synthesis of composite materials derived from porous hydroxyapatite via surface modification employing cucurbit[n]urils, which are highly promising macrocyclic compounds. The surface modification procedure entailed the application of cucurbit[n]urils in an aqueous medium onto the hydroxyapatite surface. A comprehensive characterization of the resulting materials was undertaken, employing analytical techniques including infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Subsequently, the materials were subjected to rigorous evaluation for their hemolytic effect, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity. Remarkably, the findings revealed a notable absence of typical hemolytic effects in materials incorporating surface-bound cucurbit[n]urils. This observation underscores the potential of these modified materials as biocompatible alternatives. Notably, this discovery presents a promising avenue for the fabrication of resilient and efficient biocomposites, offering a viable alternative to conventional approaches. Furthermore, these findings hint at the prospect of employing supramolecular strategies involving encapsulated cucurbit[n]urils in analogous processes. This suggests a novel direction for further research, potentially unlocking new frontiers in material engineering through the exploitation of supramolecular interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer effects of methanol extract of Ceratonia siliqua (Fabaceae). Methods: The methanol extract of Ceratonia siliqua pulp was obtained using Soxhlet apparatus. Xylene (20 µL) induced ear inflammation administered intraperitoneally and HCl/ethanol solution (1 mL) induced gastric ulceration administered intra-gastrically were used to induce inflammation and gastric ulcer, respectively. Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 6). Furthermore, eighteen rats (Sprague Dawley) were divided into 4 groups. Control group received (10 mL/kg of saline), Ceratonia siliqua group received (250 and 500 mg/kg), and other groups received diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg; p,o), and omeprazole (30 mg/kg; p,o). Phytochemical screening was carried out by following standard procedures. The percentage of inhibition, pH, and ulceration index were measured using pH metric titration and degree of ulceration. The antioxidant capacity was determined in vitro using radical DPPH scavenging and FRAP assays. Results: Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of flavonoids, tannins, quinones and sterols. Acute toxicity assessment showed that methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua has a DL50 higher than 5 g/kg. Oral administration of methanolic extract of Ceratonia siliqua (500 mg/kg) reduced significantly (p < 0.001) the percentage inflammation and ulceration index in both assays in comparison to control groups, these effects were comparable to those observed in reference drugs. The extract possessed a strong antioxidant capacity with low IC50. Conclusion: Ceratonia siliqua extract has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer properties. Standardization of Ceratonia siliqua extract will be required for the development of lead molecules against ulcers and inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur quantum dots (SQDs) are attracting increasing attention in the biomedical field due to their unique properties, such as antibacterial activity, free radical scavenging potential, optical properties, biocompatibility, and non‐toxicity. Ethylenediamine passivated SQDs (ED‐SQDs) were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. Cytotoxicity evaluation of ED‐SQDs on RAW264.7 cells showed more than 90% cell viability even at 500 μg/mL of ED‐SQDs, with an established IC50 value of 880.9 μg/mL. In addition, ED‐SQDs showed potent antioxidant activity in vitro, effectively scavenging ABTS and DPPH free radicals at concentrations below 100 μg/mL, comparable to ascorbic acid. ED‐SQD reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in macrophages, lowered pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and inactivated LPS‐activated STAT3. In addition, ED‐SQD increased nuclear NRF2 and the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes in LPS‐stimulated cells. These results reveal the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory potential of ED‐SQDs at non‐toxic concentrations, providing evidence for their potential anti‐inflammatory applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minocycline is an FDA-approved secondary-generation tetracycline antibiotic. It is a synthetic antibiotic having many biological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and neuroprotective functions. This study discusses the pharmacological mechanisms of preventive and therapeutic effects of minocycline. Specifically, it provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular pathways by which minocycline acts on the different cancers, including ovarian, breast, glioma, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, lung, prostate, melanoma, head and neck, leukemia, and non-cancer diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Huntington, polycystic ovary syndrome, and coronavirus disease 19. Minocycline may be a potential medication for these disorders due to its strong blood–brain barrier penetrance. It is also widely accepted as a specific medication, has a well-known side-effect characteristic, is reasonably priced, making it appropriate for continuous use in managing diseases, and has been demonstrated as an oral approach because it is effectively absorbed and accomplished almost all of the body's parts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cysticercus pisiformis is a kind of tapeworm larvae of Taenia pisiformis, which parasitizes the liver envelope, omentum, mesentery, and rectum of rodents such as rabbits. Cysteine protease inhibitors derived from helminth were immunoregulatory molecules of intermediate hosts and had an immunomodulatory function that regulates the production of inflammatory factors. Thus, in the present research, the recombinant Stefin of C. pisiformis was confirmed to have the potential to fight inflammation in LPS-Mediated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. CCK8 test showed that rCpStefin below 50 μg/mL concentration did not affect cellular viability. Moreover, the NO production level determined by the Griess test was decreased. In addition, the secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α as measured by ELISA were decreased. Furthermore, it exerted anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and proinflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 at the gene transcription level, as measured by qRT-PCR. Therefore, Type I cystatin derived from C. pisiformis suppresses the LPS-Mediated inflammatory response of the intermediate host and is a potential candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: D-pinitol, a naturally occurring inositol, has diverse biological activities like antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. This study aimed to evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of d-pinitol in a chick model. Additionally, in silico studies were performed to evaluate the molecular interactions with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Methods: The tested groups received d-pinitol (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) and the standard drugs celecoxib and ketoprofen (42 mg/kg) via oral gavage prior to formalin injection. Then, the number of licks was counted for the first 10 min, and the paw edema diameter was measured at 60, 90, and 120 min. Results and Discussion: The d-pinitol groups significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the number of paw licks and paw edema diameters, compared to negative control. When d-pinitol was combined with celecoxib, it reduced inflammatory parameters more effectively than the individual groups. The in silico study showed a promising binding capacity of d-pinitol with COX-2. Taken together, d-pinitol exerted anti-inflammatory effects in a dose-dependent manner, possibly through COX-2 interaction pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND: Resistance to the inflammatory response is an important part of promoting the repair of damaged tissue and improving the local inflammatory response caused by medical bio-implant materials has been a key issue to be addressed in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the anti-inflammatory effects of common metal ions and related molecular mechanisms to provide some theoretical references for improving the early inflammatory response of hosts caused by bio-implant materials. METHODS: A computer search of the relevant literature in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and WanFang databases was conducted using “metal ions, magnesium ion, zinc ion, silver ion, copper ion, inflammation, anti-inflammatory effects, oxidative stress, immunoregulation, signaling pathways” as Chinese and English search terms. Preliminary screening was conducted by reading the titles and abstracts. Finally, 80 papers were included for result analysis and summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Metal ions such as magnesium, zinc, silver and copper have a good anti-inflammatory effect. The strength of this antiinflammatory effect is strongly correlated with the dose and duration of action. In the future, consideration can be given to controlling the release rate of ions and adjusting the appropriate therapeutic concentration to achieve the best anti-inflammatory effect. (2) Magnesium ions and zinc ions exhibit excellent antiinflammatory activity, with magnesium ions often being beneficial in anti-inflammatory therapy in the form of compounds such as magnesium sulfate and zinc ions regulating the body’s inflammatory response with zinc feed as the main source of zinc supplementation. (3) Silver and copper ions have some antiinflammatory effects, but are still predominant for their excellent antibacterial activity, mainly in the form of nanoparticles and bio-coatings. (4) Magnesium and zinc metal ions can be combined with natural extracts to form complexes to exert anti-inflammatory effects, and this method has the advantage of being inexpensive and widely available and is a sustainable and green approach, which is worthy of clinical promotion. (5) Metal ions such as magnesium, zinc, silver and copper exert anti-inflammatory effects by reducing host oxidative stress damage, modulating immune cells and inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB, Toll-like receptor, STAT3 and NOD. (6) The molecular mechanism related to the anti-inflammation of metal ions is a complex network, which is not the effect of a single pathway, but should be a combination of multiple signaling pathways. There are still many potential mechanisms that have not yet been explored, and more systematic elucidation of the interconnections between various signaling pathways is needed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]