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Objective: Ion-incorporated zeolite is a widely used antimicrobial material studied for various dental applications. At present, there is no other systematic review that evaluates the effectiveness of zeolite in all dental materials. The purpose of this study was to review all available literature that analyzed the antimicrobial effects and/or mechanical properties of zeolite as a restorative material in dentistry. Material and methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, an exhaustive search of PubMed, Ovid Medline, Scopus, Embase, and the Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source was conducted. No language or time restrictions were used and the study was conducted from June 1, 2020 to August 17, 2020. Only full text articles were selected that pertained to the usage of zeolite in dental materials including composite resin, bonding agents, cements, restorative root material, cavity base material, prosthesis, implants, and endodontics. Results: At the beginning of the study, 1534 studies were identified, of which 687 duplicate records were excluded. After screening for the title, abstract, and full texts, 35 articles remained and were included in the qualitative synthesis. An Inter-Rater Reliability (IRR) test, which included a percent user agreement and reliability percent, was conducted for each of the 35 articles chosen. Conclusion: Although ion-incorporated zeolite may enhance the antimicrobial properties of dental materials, the mechanical properties of some materials, such as MTA and acrylic resin, may be compromised. Therefore, since the decrease in mechanical properties depends on zeolite concentration in the restorative material, it is generally recommended to add 0.2-2% zeolite by weight., Svrha istraživanja: Zeolit s ugrađenim ionima često je korišten antimikrobni materijal koji se proučava za različite primjene u stomatologiji. Trenutačno ne postoji ni jedan drugi sistematizirani pregledni rad u kojemu bi se ocjenjivala učinkovitost zeolita u svim dentalnim materijalima. Svrha ovoga istraživanja bila je pregledati svu objavljenu literaturu u kojoj su analizirani antimikrobni učinci i/ ili mehanička svojstva zeolita kao restaurativnog materijala u stomatologiji. Materijal i metode: Slijedeći smjernice PRISMA-e, od 1. lipnja do 17. kolovoza 2020. provedeno je iscrpno pretraživanje baza Pubmed, Ovid Medline, Scopus, Embasa te Dentistry i Oral Sciences Source. Nisu korištena jezična ili vremenska ograničenja. Odabrani su samo cjeloviti članci kojima je tema bila upotreba zeolita u dentalnim materijalima, uključujući kompozitne materijale, adhezive, cemente, restaurativne intrakorijenske materijale, podloge te materijale u protetici, implantologiji i endodonciji. Rezultati: Na početku su pronađena 1534 istraživanja, od kojih je isključeno 687 duplih zapisa. Nakon pregleda naslova, sažetka i cjelovitih tekstova, ostalo je 35 radova koji su uključeni u kvalitativnu sintezu. Za svaki od njih proveden je test pouzdanosti među ocjenjivačima (IRR) koji je obuhvaćao postotak slaganja i postotak pouzdanosti. Zaključak: Iako zeolit s ugrađenim ionima može pojačati antimikrobna svojstva dentalnih materijala, mehanička svojstva nekih mogu biti ugrožena, poput MTA i akrilatne smole. Stoga, s obzirom na to da pogoršanje mehaničkih svojstava ovisi o koncentraciji zeolita u restaurativnom materijalu, općenito se preporučuje dodavanje 0,2 do 2 mas.% zeolita.

Jestivi se filmovi i premazi sve više rabe u proizvodnji sireva zbog zahtjeva potrošača za prirodnim i ekološki prihvatljivim pakiranjima. Cilj je rada bilo prikazati što su jestive pokrivke, od kojih se materijala mogu proizvoditi i koje prednosti nude pri proizvodnji sira. Materijali koji pokazuju veliki potencijal za moguću komercijalnu proizvodnju u budućnosti su galaktomanani, hitozan, škrob, alginati i proteini sirutke. Filmovi i premazi od navedenih materijala mogu produljiti rok trajanja sira te poboljšati kvalitetu sira, a pružaju i mogućnost ugradnje antimikrobnih sredstava koja djeluju kao dodatna zaštita protiv mikroorganizama uzročnika kvarenja sira. Edible films and coating are increasingly used in cheese production due to consumer demands for natural and more environmentally friendly packaging. The aim of this paper is to show what edible films and coatings are, from which materials they can be produced and what advantages they offer in cheese production. Materials that show great potential for possible commercial production in the future are galactomannans, chitosan, starch, alginates and whey proteins. Films and coatings made of these materials can extend the shelf life of cheese and improve the quality of cheese, and also provide the possibility of incorporating antimicrobial agents that act as additional protection against microorganisms that cause spoilage of cheese.

Aim: Orthodontic brackets during their wear cause demineralization of enamel, which is the initial step in caries development. The prevention of such spots is crucial to ensure healthy teeth, but patients’ compliance is not the most optimal way. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial properties of fluoride-containing orthodontic materials to the materials without additional fluoride. Materials and Methods: Antibacterial effectiveness of orthodontic materials with fluoride – Transbond Plus SEP Bonding agent, Transpond Plus Adhesive agent, Fuji I Band cement, Fuji Ortho LC Adhesive agent, Ortho Solo Bonding agent, and without antimicrobial substances – Transpond XT Bonding agent, Transbond XT Primer were tested with the inhibition on most common causes L. achidophilus (ATCC 4356) and S. mutans (ATCC 10449) and compared to negative control. Antimicrobial effectiveness of each material was measured with the agar diffusion method and expressed with the diameters of inhibition zones around the disk. Results: Materials containing fluoride showed more antimicrobial effectiveness compared to materials without fluoride or negative control (p0.05). Conclusion: Materials containing fluoride showed more significant antimicrobial effectiveness when compared to the materials without antimicrobial substance and thus might have the potential of antimicrobial properties in vivo., Cilj: Ortodontski breketi tijekom nošenja uzrokuju demineralizaciju cakline, što je početni korak u razvoju karijesa. Prevencija takvih mrlja presudna je za osiguravanje zdravih zuba, ali suradljivost pacijenata nije uvijek optimalna. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je usporediti antimikrobna svojstva ortodontskih materijala koji sadrže fluorid s materijalima bez dodatnog fluorida. Materijal i metode: Antibakterijsku učinkovitost ortodontskih materijala s fluoridom – Transbond Plus SEP Bonding agent, Transpond Plus ljepilo, Fuji I Band cement, Fuji Ortho LC ljepilo, Orto Solo Bonding agent, i učinkovitost ortodontskih materijala bez antimikrobnih tvari – Transpond XT Bonding agent, Transbond XT Primer, testirali smo s inhibicijom na najčešće uzročne bakterije L. achidophilus (ATCC 4356) i S. mutans (ATCC 10449) i usporedili učinkovitost s negativnom kontrolom. Antimikrobna učinkovitost svakog materijala izmjerena je metodom difuzije agara i izražena promjerom zona inhibicije oko diska. Rezultati: Materijali koji sadrže fluorid pokazali su veću antimikrobnu učinkovitost u usporedbi s materijalima bez fluorida ili u usporedbi s negativnom kontrolom (p < 0,001). Materijali koji ne sadrže antibakterijske tvari nisu se statistički razlikovali u usporedbi s negativnom kontrolom (p > 0,05). Zaključak: Materijali koji sadrže fluorid pokazali su značajniju antimikrobnu učinkovitost u usporedbi s materijalima bez antimikrobne tvari i stoga mogu imati potencijal antimikrobnih svojstava u uvjetima in vivo.

Introduction. Bacteria isolated from skin, gills, and fish intestines from aquaculture ponds, ornamental fish stores/aquariums and live fish markets were investigated. Materials and Methods. Disk diffusion and E-test were used for susceptibility testing to carbapenems, ureidopenicillins with or without ß-lactamase inhibitor, 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, colistin, fluoroquinolones, and chloramphenicol. PCR was used to detect resistance genes in the bacterial isolates. Results and Conclusions. Among the total number of bacteria tested, regardless of the genus and species, 56.7% of isolates were found to be sensitive to all antibiotics, 23.1% of isolates were resistant to one or two antibiotics, and 20.2% of isolates were resistant to three and up to 16 antibiotics. In A. hydrophila isolated from a guppy (Poecilia reticulata) sampled in an ornamental fish store aquarium, 16S rRNA methyltransferase was confirmed by finding the rmtB gene. Pseudomonas isolates showing phenotypic resistance to carbapenems, ureidopenicillins with or without ß-lactamase inhibitor and 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins were tested and found negative for different resistance genes by PCR (MßL, ESBL, KPC, OXA-23, OXA-24, OXA-40, OXA-58, VIM, IMP, SPM, GIM, NDM, TEM, SHV, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-9, OXA-1, OXA-9 and the AmpC group, as well as single genes, MOXM, CITM, ACCM, EBCM, FOXM, DHAM). Based on E-test results, three Pseudomonas isolates from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were found to be resistant to colistin with MIC values of 4 μg/mL. Uvod. U ovom ispitivanju izolovane su bakterija koje su sastavni deo mikrobioma kože, škrga i creva riba iz različitih sredina (ribnjaci, akvarijumi, riblje pijace). Materijal i metode. Primenom disk difuzionog testa i E testa ispitivano je fenotipsko ispoljavanje rezistencije na karbapeneme, ureidopeniciline sa i bez inhibitora beta-laktamaza, cefalosporine III i IV generacije, aminoglikozide, tetraciklin, kolistin, flurohinolone i hloramfenikol. Prisustvo gena rezistencije vršeno je primenom metode PCR. Rezultati i zaključak. Posmatrano na ukupan broj ispitanih sojeva, bez obzira na rod i vrstu bakterija, 56,7% sojeva je osetljivo na sve antibiotike, 23,1% sojeva je rezistentno na 1 do 2 antibiotikaa 20,2% sojeva je rezistentno na 3 do 16 antibiotika. Kod soja A. hydrophila izolovanom iz akvarijumske ribice gupi nalazom gena rmtBpotvrđeno je prisustvo 16S rRNK metiltransferaze odgovornim za rezistenciju na aminoglikozide. Pseudomonas izolati koji su pokazali fenotipsku rezistenciju na karbapeneme, ureidopeniciline sa i bez inhibitora beta-laktamaza, kao i na cefalosporine III i IV generacije, testirani su i bili negativni na sledeće gene (MßL, ESBL, KPC, OXA-23, OXA-24, OXA-40, OXA-58, VIM, IMP, SPM, GIM, NDM, TEM, SHV, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-9, OXA-1, OXA-9, AmpC grupni kao i pojedinačni geni, MOXM, CITM, ACCM, EBCM, FOXM, DHAM). Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata primenom E testa, kod 3 soja iz roda Pseudomonas izolovanih od šarana nađena je rezistencija na kolistin sa dobijenim vrednostima MIK 4 μg/mL.

Sposobnost da kontaminira hranu pripremljenu za konzum, visoko prerađene proizvode i proizvode skladištene na niskim temperaturama kao i relativno visok stepen smrtnosti i izrazita sosobnost adaptacije na uslove okoline svrstavaju Listeria monocytogenes u grupu patogenih mikroorganizama prenosivih hranom koji predstavljaju jedan od najvećih izazova u oblasti javnog zdravlja. Adaptacija L. monocytogenes na uslove sredine i sposobnost dugotrajnog opstanka u objektima za proizvodnju i preradu hrane ključni su razlozi za kontaminaciju različitih proizvoda. Poslednjih godina, višestruka rezistencija bakterija na različita antimikrobna sredstva nametnula se kao jedna od najznačajnijih tema u oblasti zdravstva. Izlaganje brojnim antimikrobnim sredstvima (antibiotici, dezinficijensi kao i sveprisutni teški metali) omogucava selektivni pritisak za razvoj rezistencije uz propratnu unakrsnu rezistenciju i doprinosi povećanju vitalnosti bakterija u sredini u kojoj se nalaze. U ovom radu prikazani su neki od mogućih mehanizama adaptacije koji mogu doprineti i doprinose opstanku L. monocytogenes u sredini kao i sposobnost rasta ovog patogena u različitim tipovima hrane. Prikaz uključuje i mehanizme adaptacije na teške metale kao što je kadmijum, dezinficijense kao bezalkonijum hlorid (BC), odabrane antibiotike (fluorokvinolon ciprofloksacin, na primer) i druge toksične supstance (tetrafenil-fosfonijum, koji se često koristi kao anti-kancerogeno sredstvo ali i substrat efluks pumpe). U cilju karakterizacije uticaja višestruke rezistencije na preživljavanje i rast L. monocytogenes u razlicitim tipovima hrane, testirali smo mutante adaptirane na visoke koncentracije antibiotika ciprofloksacina i dezinficijensa bezalkonijum hlorida. Ispitivanjem kolekcije mutanata roditeljskog soja L. monocytogenes 10403S sa umetnutim mariner-transpozonom, registrovali smo mutante sa karakteristikama tetR mutanta sa povecanom rezistencijom na tetrafenil-fosfonijum. Konacno, testirali smo i odabrane mutante sa transpozonom koji su u toku eksperimenta iskazali promene u fenotipu nastale kao posledica odgovora organizama na razlicite uslove stresa (osetljivost na niske temperature, ne-hemoliticne sojeve, sojeve koje pripadaju epidemskom klonu II a osetljive na dejstvo faga ), mutante nastale kao posledica genetskog brisanja proteina wap i genetskog regiona 18, kao i odabrane kliničke izolate i izolate iz hrane... Ability to contaminate ready-to-eat, highly processed, cold-stored food products, relatively high fatality rate and environmental adaptations define .Listeria monocytogenes as a challenging foodborne pathogen of high public health significance. Listeria’s adaptations and prolonged persistence in food processing facilities are a key link to contamination of foods. In recent years, bacterial multidrug resistance has been recognized as an emerging health challenge. Exposure to antimicrobials (antibiotics, disinfectants or environmentally ubiquitous heavy metals), may provide selective pressures for resistance with accompanying cross-resistance and increase in environmental fitness. In this work I addressed some of the possible mechanisms of adaptations that may contribute to persistence of L. monocytogenes in the environment as well as to survival and growth in different foods. This includes adaptations to heavy metals such as cadmium, disinfectants such as benzalkonium chloride (BC), selected antibiotics (e.g. the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin) and other toxic compounds (e.g. tetraphenyl-phosponium, often used as an anti-carcinogenic and efflux pump substrate). In order to characterize the impact of multidrug resistance on survival and growth of L. monocytogenes in different foods, we tested mutants adapted to higher concentrations of antibiotic ciprofloxacin and disinfectant benzalkonium chloride. By screening of the mariner-based mutant librarie of L monocytogenes 10403S we detected tetR-like mutants with increase in the resistance to tetraphenyl-phosponium. Lastly, we tested selected mariner-based mutants with the change in the response to number of different stresses (cold sensitive, non-hemolytic, resistance to phage in epidemic clone II strains) deletion mutants of wap and region18, as well as selected food and clinical isolates. Selection of several L. monocytogenes strains on either ciprofloxacin (2 μg/ml) or the BC(10 μg/ml) led to derivatives with increased MICs not only to these agents but also to several other compounds, including the antibiotic gentamicin, the dye ethidium bromide, and the chemotherapeutic drug tetraphenyl - phosphonium chloride. The spectrum of compounds to which these derivatives exhibited reduced susceptibility was the same regardless of whether they were selected on ciprofloxacin or on BC...

Svrha: Ovim se radom željela procijeniti količina aerobnih, anaerobnih i ukupnog broja bakterijskih kolonija nakon kemijsko-mehaničke obrade korijenskog kanala te dodatne obrade i dezinfekcije ozonom. Materijali i metode: U ovom istraživanju sudjelovala su dvadeset i tri pacijenta s periapikalnom lezijom (, Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the amount of aerobic, anaerobic, and total number of bacterial colonies after chemomechanical root canal treatment and after additional intracanal disinfection using ozone. Materials and Methods: Twenty - three patients with the same number of single rooted teeth (n=23) with periapical lesion (

Opisana je pojava rezervoara bakterija otpornih na lijekove po uporabi antimikrobnih lijekova u akvakulturi. Opisand su posljedice prijenosa otpornih bakterija iz akvakulture. Predložene su mjere ponašanja pri prepisivanju i aplikaciji antimikrobnih sredstava.

nema sazetka, opisana je uporaba antimikrobnih lijekova koje je MPRRR odobrilo za uporabu na ribama u RH, kao i onih koji se kroz praksu koriste, a koji su odobreni za druge vrste životinja.

Opisani su različiti načini antimikrobne modifikacije i mehanizmi njihovog djelovanja s osvrtom na njihovu postojanost na pranje. Prikazan je odnos USA i EU zakonodavstva prema sredstvima za antimikrobnu zaštitu. Tekstilni tehnolozi ne moraju biti u potpunosti upoznati s kompliciranim mehanizmima djelovanja mikroorganizama, ali su im od velikog značaja opća saznanja iz te problematike da bi mogli izvršiti odabir kemikalija i kontrolirati proizvodnju. Prikazane su metode za ispitivanje antibakterijske i antifungalne učinkovitosti tekstilnih vlakana i materijala, s posebnim naglaskom na njihove prednosti i nedostatke. Za kontrolu efikasnosti obrađenog proizvoda neophodni su strogi uvjeti mikrobiološkog laboratorija i kvalificirano osoblje.

The use of textile materials in medicine has a long tradition. An important field of application of textiles in medicine is in wound care and prevention of chronic wounds, for which bandages and wound dressings are used. Modern medicine demands textile materials with special properties. The most important are biologically active fibers, and among them antimicrobial fibers which are able to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi and/or other pathogenic microorganisms. Due to their high efficacy, antimicrobial fibers have become necessary in prevention and therapy, especially in festering wound healing and prevention of chronic wounds. Among all biologically active fibers and biomedical textile materials antimicrobial fibers are mostly used, mainly because of their ability for controlled and long-term releasing of antimicrobial agents and their stability against inactive factors, as well as their simple and easy application. The scope of this review focuses on properties of antimicrobial fibers and mechanisms of their antimicrobial activity, as well as physicochemical bases of antimicrobial fibers obtaining and test methods used to confirm their antimicrobial activity. Also, representative pathogenic microorganisms are listed. Antimicrobial fibers of natural and synthetic origin are reviewed, as well as advances and future trends in their development. Medicinski tekstilni materijali se veoma dugo i široko koriste u medicinske svrhe. Posebno važno mesto za- uzimaju kao materijali za previjanje, naročito u hirurgiji i lečenju gnojnih rana. Savremena medicina zahteva tekstilne materijale sa specijalnim svojstvima. Najznačajniji među njima su biološki-aktivna vlakna, a u okviru njih antimikrobna vlakna, koja poseduju sposobnost da uništavaju ili sprečavaju razvoj bakterija, gljivica i druge patogene flore. Zbog svoje visoke efektivnosti antimikrobna vlakna zauzimaju značajno mesto u profilaksi i terapiji, posebno gnojnih procesa i rana. Njihova sposobnost da kontrolisano i prolongirano otpuštaju lekoviti antimikrobni preparat, da su stabilna na dejstvo inaktivirajućih faktora, da se jednostavno i lako apliciraju stavlja ih na prvo mesto medu biološki-aktivnim vlaknima i biomedicinskim tekstilnim materijalima. U radu su obrađena svojstva antimikrobnih vlakana, reprezentativni patogeni mikroorganizmi i mehanizam antimikrobne aktivnosti biološki-aktivnih vlakana. Takođe, obrađene su fizičko-hemijske osnove dobijanja antimikrobnih vlakana i metode njihovog karakterisanja. Dat je pregled pojedinačnih antimikrobnih vlakana prirodnog i sintetizovanog porekla kao i savremeni trendovi i budući pravci njihovog daljeg razvoja.

Problem of bacteria resistance on antimicrobial agents is not as simple as in the first days of their application. Increased use of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics contributed that a lot of bacteria strains show not only resistance, but also a multiple resistance to a great number, in some cases even to all used antimicrobial agents. Having that in mind a great many of scientific investigations pointed out a continual appearance and spreading of' bacteria resistance sweet as to a justified fear of fatal infectious diseases emerging, without possibility of an efficient antimicrobial therapy. Therefore, the problem becomes very relevant on both local and global levels, especially if it is well known that antibiotics and chemotherapeutics have the effect both on pathogenic and saprophyte bacteria, leading into a growth suppression or elimination of sensitive strains. This characteristic represents both health and ecological problem because of favoring growth of a small number of resistant bacteria strains. Continual and strong selective pressure of antimicrobial agents used in human veterinary medicine, together with genetic abilities of bacteria brings about emergence of greater number of resistant pathogenic bacteria strains. In intensive farming the emergence of greater number of resistant pathogenic bacteria strains is strengthened by antibiotics and chemotherapeutics application in diseases prevention, as well as growth factor, and in healing, but in larger quantities. For these reasons, the prevalence of bacteria resistance in domestic animals, which is in direct correlation with quantity of applied antimicrobial agents, is discussed. This is especially significant in case of domestic animals which products are used in human nutrition. Problem rezistencije bakterija na antimikrobna sredstva nije tako jednostavan kao u pionirskim danima njihove primene. Velika upotreba antibiotika i hemioterapeutika doprinela je da mnogi sojevi bakterija ispoljavaju ne samo rezistenciju već i multipnu rezistenciju na veći broj, a u nekim slučajevima i na sva korišćena antimikrobna sredstva. Imajući to u vidu, brojna naučna istraživanja ukazuju na kontinuirano pojavljivanje i širenje rezistencije kod bakterija i opravdan strah od pojave fatalnih injektivnih oboljenja bez mogućnosti efikasne antimikrobne terapije. Stoga je problem aktuelan ne samo na lokalnom već i na globalnom nivou, posebno ako se zna da antibiotici i hemioterapeutici deluju ne samo na patogene već i na saprofitne bakterije dovodeći do supresije rasta ili eliminisanja osetljivih sojeva. Ova njihova osobina predstavlja ne samo zdravstveni već i ekološki problem zbog favorizovanja rasta malobrojnih rezistentnih sojeva bakterija. Kontinuiran i jak selektivni pritisak antimikrobnih sredstava korišćenih u humanoj veterinarskoj medicini i poljoprivredi, udružen sa genetskim sposobnoslima bakterija uzrokuje pojavu sve većeg broja rezistentnih sojeva patogenih bakterija. U intezivnim uslovima držanja životinja, pojava većeg broja rezistentnih sojeva patogenih bakterija je još vise potencirana primenom antibiotika i hemioterapeutika u preveniranju bolesti, zatim kao faktora rasta i u lečenju, ali u mnogo većim količinama. Iz tih razloga se i govori o prevalenciji rezistencije bakterija kod domaćih životinja koja je u direktnoj korelaciji sa količinom utrošenih antimikrobnih preparata. Ovo posebno ima značaja kada se radi o domaćim životinjama čiji se proizvodi koriste u ishrani ljudi.

Ispredavana mogućnost uporabe antimikrobnih lijekova u svinjogojstvu i rezistencija bakterija prema antimikrobnim lijekovima.