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Objective: This study examines the relationship between anxious thoughts and well-being, with physical symptoms and sadness rumination as mediators, in young people who suffer from anxiety in the first two years after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A community sample of 198 participants, 94 males and 104 females, aged between 19 and 35 years, all of them experiencing an anxiety disorder in their past, answered an online survey during the years 2022–2023. The instruments were the Rumination of Sadness and Anger Questionnaire, The Burns Inventory, and Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale. The data analysis used hierarchical regression. Results: The results show that the conditional indirect effects of anxious thoughts on well-being are statistically significant (β = −0.29, SE = 0.08, p < 0.001) for high physical symptoms of anxiety (β = 0.25, SE = 0.11, p < 0.001) and for high sadness rumination (β = −0.82, SE = 0.04, p < 0.001). Physical symptoms of anxiety (β = 0.25, SE = 0.11, p < 0.001) and sadness rumination (β = 0.05, SE = 0.07, p < 0.001) have a partial serially mediating effect on the relationship between anxious thoughts and well-being (β = −0.74, SE = 0.02, p < 0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Multiple Sclerosis or MS is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system, which causes physical changes in the body and limits the performance of patients. Multiple sclerosis or M. S. is one of the most common degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, which leads to this disease being the most common cause of disability in adolescents. This disease leads to many mental disorders in people, among which anxiety thoughts and lack of hope for life and future are more than other negative consequences of this disease. Also, among the complications of this disease, it can be mentioned that the person's performance drops, which affects the way patients play their personal and social roles in their lives. On the other hand, research results show that patients with chronic debilitating diseases such as MS also face other specific problems related to their disease. These problems increase secondary complications and limit independent life and have negative and destructive consequences on patients' lives. This disease and similar chronic debilitating diseases lead to a decrease in the quality of life of patients and create a background for their depression. Depression in these patients generally appears with aggression, irritability, anxiety, sociability, and specific reluctance. Depression is a motivating factor for the deterioration of the patients' disease, and the presence of depression in these people causes biological changes for the patients. Depression in these patients is accompanied by chronic fatigue, reduced quality of life and reduced results of drug treatments. Therefore, knowing the factors related to depression in these patients is one of the most important mental health factors and a productive factor in the disease process. On the other hand, research results show that the prevalence of MS in women is much higher than in men. Research results show that the prevalence of MS in women is 2 to 3 times higher than in men, and this rate is in the age range of 20 to 40 years. Life expectancy is one of the key indicators of human development, which is influenced by factors such as income, education, health and nutrition, and can help patients with chronic and debilitating diseases such as MS in better treatment of their disease. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing anxiety thoughts and life expectancy of women with MS living in Tehran. Methods: The current research can be classified from different dimensions. This research is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group and using the selection of test and control group subjects. The method of collecting information was library (using books, theses, publications, reliable internet sites, using information) and the method of collecting information was field and questionnaire. The statistical population of the current study includes all women with MS living in Tehran who are members of the MS Association of this city. The sample of the present study was based on the purposeful sampling method and included 30 people with this disease who were randomly divided into two experimental groups including 15 respondents and 15 controls. The collected data are related to the year 2019. The experimental group underwent cognitive-behavioral therapy for 8 1.5- hour sessions, which was not done for the control group. The current research tools include the hope scale of Schneider et al. (1991), which includes the THS Trait Hope Scale (1991), the CHS Children's Hope Scale (1993), the SHS State Hope Scale (1996), and the Wells Anxiety Thinking Scale (1994). Also, Wells' Anxious Thoughts Scale (1994) is a multidimensional tool for assessing worries. The content of this questionnaire was obtained from interviews with patients with generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder. The analysis method in this research was based on multivariate and univariate covariance analysis as well as variance analysis with repeated measurements. Results: The results of the current research, which were obtained from different age groups; So that it includes 20% of the respondents in the age group of 20 to 30 years, 46.67% in the age group of 31 to 40 years, 20% in the age group of 41 to 50 years and 13.33% in the age group of 51 to 60 years. and also, 13.33% of subjects in the control group are in the age group of 20 to 30 years, 40% in the age group of 31 to 40 years, 20% in the age group of 41 to 50 years and 26.67% of the subjects in age group are 51 to 60 years old, it shows that the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in reducing anxiety thoughts and life expectancy in women with MS, a member of the Tehran MS Association, and cognitive behavioral therapy can reduce the negative and destructive consequences of MS. improve S in these patients.. heal and provide the basis for improving their quality of life. In other words, the application of cognitive-behavioral treatment methods based on cognitive strategies in challenging thoughts and inefficient cognitive and behavioral systems through skill training can be effective in improving the life expectancy of women with MS. Cognitive behavioral therapy with the mechanisms it brings is effective in reducing anxiety thoughts and increasing people's life expectancy. In fact, the key concept in the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and its more positive effectiveness than drug therapy is improving anxious thoughts and increasing life expectancy in accepting reality and responsibility for what has happened and the change that should occur. Although these people feel better by taking the drug due to the change in the chemical process related to brain neurotransmitters, they do not consider themselves responsible for this phenomenon. Also, tasks such as functional analysis, skill training and a feeling of mastery and empowerment are created in people, which are effective in increasing the motivation of treatment or at least continuity in treatment and avoiding irrelevant thoughts such as rumination. Therefore, it can be expected that cognitive-behavioral therapy has been able to increase the life expectancy of women with MS. The assumption of the normality of the distribution of the scores of the experimental and control groups in the variables of anxious thoughts, resilience and life expectancy according to the output results of the software, indicates the verifiability of the results. This means the normality of all data in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up comparison groups. Also, the non-significance of Levin's test in most cases, which is equal to (P<0.05), shows that the assumption of homogeneity of variances has been confirmed. Conclusion: The richness of the present study is that patients with MS. They are prone to other diseases in the field of psychology, which we call multifaceted. Institutions related to the affairs of these patients should always consider the consequences of this disease. Therefore, the results of this research show that patients with MS are more likely to suffer from depression, and suffering from depression along with chronic motion sickness, including MS, can overshadow these patients even more. and this affects the quality of life of these patients. Therefore, focusing on resilience and creating sparks of hope and motivation in these patients can increase their vigor and vitality and facilitate the path of disease control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to determine the levels of perfectionism and anxiety of collegiate athletes in a state university and whether the dimensions of perfectionism are significant predictors of the dimensions of anxiety of the respondents. The mixed-methods sequential explanatory design was utilized in the study. As part of the datagathering tools, the researcher utilized two standardized instruments: the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the Burns Anxiety Inventory. The respondents were 409 collegiate athletes representing 94% of the total athlete population. Data was gathered online using the Google Form. Selected 11 collegiate athletes were also asked to participate in the interview. The results revealed the following: the level of perfectionism of the respondents in the five dimensions is average; the respondents have a high level of perfectionism in the organization dimension of perfectionism; most have severe to extreme anxiety levels. Thus, there is a significant relationship between perfectionism and anxiety among the respondents. Regression analysis was employed to test whether perfectionism is a significant predictor of anxiety. The results indicated that concern over mistakes is a significant predictor of anxious thoughts, anxious feelings, and physical symptoms of anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to model the structural equations of the relationship between irrational beliefs and emotion management with moral judgment and class control according to the mediating role of teachers' anxious thoughts. The research method was descriptive correlation. The statistical population included all teachers with 1400 people in the academic year of 1998-99. 560 people were selected through stratified random sampling. The data were collected using the Jones (1993) Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire Kim Graz (2004), the Wells Anxiety Thoughts (1995), the Sinha Ethical Judgment (1998), and the Martin et al. (2002) Class Control Questionnaire. Data analysis was inferential statistics and structural equation modeling were used. The results showed that the model of explaining the relationship between irrational beliefs and emotion management with moral judgment and class control has an acceptable fit considering the mediating role of teachers' anxious thoughts. So that there is an inverse and significant relationship between irrational beliefs and its components with moral judgment and class control, there is a positive and significant relationship between emotion management and its components with moral judgment and class control. And anxious thoughts mediate in relation to other variables.

Background & Aims : The process of communicating with psychiatric patients by nursing students can indicate the extent of their social interaction in the future . Since communicating with these patients is more difficult than others and is often associated with anxiety , the present study was designed to determine the effect of communication skill with psychiatric patients using Wilkinson- Shimizu method and traditional method on anxious thoughts of nursing students. Material & Methods: It was a quasi- experimental study with before-after design. The sample consisted of 51 undergraduate nursing students in Najafabad branch of Azad University of Isfahan who were recruited during 2011-2012 academic year by purposive sampling and then were randomly assigned into either experimental or control groups during their mental health clinical practice . The experimental group received training about Wilkinson- Shimizu method and the control group received training by traditional method. Data was collected by the Persian version of Anxious Thought Inventory (AnTI) and analyzed by SPSS-PC (v.17) using mean and standard deviation of the groups and paired t-test. Results: The mean score of anxious thoughts significantly decreased in experimental group (p

Introduction: Parents interaction styles with children or teens have an important impact on shaping their character and mental health and the incidence of some psychiatric symptoms. The aim of this study was to predict anxiety thought and obsessive - compulsive symptoms of the adolescents based on parents' parenting styles. Methods: This was a descriptive study. 180 male students in Marand were selected by cluster random sampling. We used Baumrind parents parenting style questionnaire, Wales anxiety thoughts questionnaire and Maudsley obsessive- compulsive questionnaire. Data was analyzed by Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression analysis. Results: Data analysis showed that obsessive- compulsive symptoms and anxiety ideas were positively related to the authoritarian and permissive parenting styles and negatively related to authoritative parenting style. Parenting style is able to predict the level of obsessive - compulsive symptoms and adolescent anxiety ideas. Conclusion: The results showed that parents' parenting style is one of the influencing factors on adolescent health. Parents with authoritative parenting style, have the children with lower obsessive - compulsive symptoms and anxious thoughts.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the reduction of anxious thoughts in Islamic Azad University Students of Hamadan. The study is a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest control group design. The population of the study was all Islamic Azad University students of Hamadan (N=15000). The sample of the study consisted of 30 undergraduate students (20 females and 10 males) from the mentioned population. To sample was selected from the candidates who received the highest scores in a test of anxious thoughts by Wells, and then was randomly divided into control and experimental groups. This instruments used was Wells’ anxiety though scale. This instrument measures three scales of social anxiety, generalized anxiety, and health anxiety. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy protocol was conducted through 8 treatment sessions and one-month control session. The results indicated that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy reduces anxious thoughts p

The aim of this paper is to identify irrational beliefs, anxious thoughts, and emotion-regulation strategies of individuals with different attachment styles as factors contributing to risk of, or protection against, the onset of pathology. The research was conducted in Sombor on the sample of 373 adults (221 in the non-clinical group and 142 in the clinical group). Research results confirm the regulatory function of attachment styles. Identifying general beliefs, anxious thoughts, and emotion-regulation strategies as treatable psychological concepts in subjects with different attachment styles provides a basis for clinical treatment planning as well as non-clinical prevention program planning, for the purpose of preventing the progression of psychopathology and strengthening the functional adaptive mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The factor structure and psychometric properties of the revised Anxious Thoughts and Tendencies Scale (AT&T) is investigated. Method: An Australian sample of 215 students and 33 patients diagnosed with an anxiety disorder completed a battery of anxiety-related questionnaires. Results: Factor analysis indicated one factor, which accounted for 38% of the variance and had high internal consistency and reliability. Significant relationships were found with measures of anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, catastrophic cognitions, fear and depression. The AT&T discriminated between students and patients, and between students with high or low levels of anxiety and fear. Limitation: The size of the clinical sample was very small and the study needs to be replicated with a large and carefully recruited clinical sample. Conclusion: These results support the AT&T as a valuable and psychometrically sound measure of the cognitive aspects of anxiety. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]