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BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is associated with adverse health outcomes among Asian Americans, who exhibit the least adherence to physical activity guidelines compared with other racial and ethnic groups. Mobile app-based interventions are a promising approach to promote healthy behaviors. However, there is a lack of app-based interventions focused on improving physical activity among Asian Americans whose primary language is not English. OBJECTIVE: This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a 5-week intervention using a culturally and linguistically adapted, evidence-based mobile phone app with an accelerometer program, to promote physical activity among Chinese-, Tagalog-, or Vietnamese-speaking Americans. METHODS: Participants were recruited through collaborations with community-based organizations. The intervention was adapted from a 12-month physical activity randomized controlled trial involving the app and accelerometer for English-speaking adults. Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and physical measurements were collected at the baseline visit. A 7-day run-in period was conducted to screen for the participants who could wear a Fitbit One (Fitbit LLC) accelerometer and complete the apps daily step diary. During the 4-week intervention period, participants wore the accelerometer and reported their daily steps in the app. Participants also received daily messages to reinforce key contents taught during an in-person educational session, remind them to input steps, and provide tailored feedback. Feasibility measures were the percentage of eligible participants completing the run-in period and the percentage of participants who used the app diary for at least 5 out of 7 days during the intervention period. We conducted poststudy participant interviews to explore overall intervention acceptability. RESULTS: A total of 19 participants were enrolled at the beginning of the study with a mean age of 47 (SD 13.3; range 29-70) years, and 58% (n=11) of them were female. Of the participants, 26% (n=5) were Chinese, 32% (n=6) were Vietnamese, and 42% (n=8) were Filipino. All participants met the run-in criteria to proceed with the intervention. Adherence to the app diary ranged from 74% (n=14) in week 2 to 95% (n=18) in week 4. The daily average steps per week from accelerometers increased each week from 8451 (SD 3378) steps during the run-in period to 10,930 (SD 4213) steps in week 4. Participants reported positive experiences including an increased motivation to walk and the enjoyment of being able to monitor their physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first pilot study of a multicomponent intervention and evidence-based mobile phone app to promote physical activity among Asian Americans who use apps in traditional Chinese, Tagalog, or Vietnamese, which demonstrated high feasibility and acceptability. Future work focused on multilingual mobile apps to address disparities in physical inactivity among Asian Americans should be considered.

This study introduces phthalic anhydride (P) and glycerol (G)‐based polyester as an additive for upgrading lower‐grade bitumen to higher‐grade bitumen. The different colorless polyesters were synthesized using polycondensation of P and G as a monomer in the ratio of 1:1 and polymerization time of 1, 3, 5, and 7 h. A rheological analysis was performed on all the synthesized polyesters to check their performance with respect to their use in bitumen modification. The polyesters were blended with base bitumens (VG10) to obtain the modified bitumens that were tested for the rheological and physicochemical properties and to assess the performance based on the grade quality test. The quality test of the modified bitumens includes softening point (SP), penetration (PEN), kinematic viscosity (KV), dynamic viscosity (DV), and rheological properties as per standard ASTM test methods. Based on the performance evaluation, P1G1H3 polyester was found suitable for blending with bitumen, and further study was carried out with blending of P1G1H3 with 3, 6, 10, and 15 wt%. The finding illustrates that 6.0 wt% of polyester‐modified bitumen show an enhanced SP, KV, and DV by 23.6, 86, and 30%, respectively, while decreasing the PEN by 49% with respect to VG10. Polyester blending also improved the rheological parameters in terms of deformation resistance, load‐bearing capacity, and the viscoelastic nature of bitumen. The investigation concluded that 6 wt% P1G1H3 polyester on blending in VG10 meets VG30 bitumen specification as per IS:73:2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with excellent dye removal and antibacterial activity are highly desired in dye wastewater treatment, and more importantly environmental protection puts high demands on polymeric membrane materials. In this work, three methacrylate copolymers containing quaternary ammonium salt were synthesized to cast UF membranes. The physicochemical property, structural evolution, dye separation, and antibacterial activity of as‐prepared membranes were systematically investigated. With increased content of the hydrophilic monomer allyl polypropylene glycol (APPG) in the feed, the wettability and positive charge of the resultant membranes were enhanced. Remarkably, the supporting layer of membranes changed from finger‐like pore structure to sponge‐like pore structure by increasing APPG content, and the sponge‐like membranes showed higher retention rates for dyes (99.78% for victoria blue B, 90.49% for methylene blue, and 97.43% for methyl blue) compared with the finger‐like membranes. Besides, the sponge‐like membranes exhibited high rejection for vctoria blue B (>99%) in dye/salt mixture and simultaneously low rejection for salts (<10%), indicating effective selective separation to dye/salt mixture, and also achieved easy regeneration. It was also found that increased hydrophilicity and positive charge endowed membranes with better antibacterial activity. This work will provide an alternative for dye/salt selective separation in dye effluent treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces a technique for decontaminating radioactive surfaces by employing a gel, herein termed as radiation decontamination gel with eutectic liquids (RADGEL), composed of a deep eutectic solvent and polyvinyl alcohol, with the goal of enabling reuse of the surface post‐decontamination. The decontamination effectiveness of RADGEL underwent thorough evaluation through trials conducted on different simulated surfaces, achieving decontamination efficiency up to 99.9% for alpha as well as gamma radionuclides. The various parameters influencing decontamination factors such as amount of complexing agent used, polymer film thickness, nature, and magnitude of radioactivity, as well as surface characteristics of substrates to be decontaminated were optimized. Additionally excellent mechanical strength of RADGEL, affirms its potential as practically efficient, cost‐effective, and safe option for surface decontamination. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis suggest RADGELs capability for both physical and chemical interactions with contaminants, thus highlighting its comprehensive decontamination efficacy. The outcomes of this study carry substantial implications for the decontamination of surfaces contaminated with various types of radionuclides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laminated polymer composites are widely used in ballistic barriers where polyethylene can be applied. The mechanical properties of polymers can be improved with the addition of nanofillers. Therefore, this work evaluates the effect of the combination of montmorillonite Cloisite 30B (OMt) and graphene (Gr) on the dynamics compression properties obtained from a split‐Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test for nanostructured maleinized high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). The nanofillers are incorporated into the polymeric matrix in its molten state, and their dispersion is evaluated through x‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Thermal analysis, including differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis are performed. Additionally, the viscoelastic behavior of the materials is studied from the results of storage and loss modulus obtained by dynamic‐mechanical analysis. Under the SHPB test conditions, it is possible to evaluate the material stress–strain curve, identifying its yield point, compressive strength, and deformations to calculate the elastic stiffness and toughness of the material. The nanocomposite with 3% OMt and 0.75% Gr (wt.%) shows the highest average compressive strength and toughness values. Furthermore, this sample shows similar Tpeak temperature, improved crystallinity index, storage, and loss modulus, with similar glass transition temperature compared to the HDPE sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cement is known to be brittle and usually reinforced with fibers. However, there is a lack of effective chemical bonding between organic fibers and inorganic cement, resulting in a weaker interfacial bonding strength. In this paper, amino hyperbranched polymer (HBP) was used to modify the surface of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, and then silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) were grafted on the surface of modified PAN fibers to realize the inorganic treatment of organic fibers. The modified PAN fibers applied to cement concrete can significantly enhance the interfacial strength between the fibers and cement. The morphology and chemical composition of the modified PAN fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, electron energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the influence of grafting conditions on grafting effect was analyzed. The results show that SiO2 NPs were evenly distributed on the surface of PAN fiber. When SiO2 NPs concentration was 4%, grafting temperature was 50°C, and grafting time was 4 h, the grafting degree of SiO2 NPs grafted PAN fiber can reach to 1.4%. After coating with SiO2 NPs, the pullout bonding strength of the PAN fiber was increased from 5.5 to 6.5 cN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the existence of various elements in the universe has been extensive, but their role in the human body is not fully understood. About 98% of the human body mass consists of nine non-metallic elements, categorized into abundant and non-abundant/trace elements. Micronutrients, including trace elements, vitamins, and antioxidants, play a vital role in regenerative processes, coping with oxidative stress, and providing immunity against pathogens. Dental health is also dependent on these nutrients, which help in the production and development of oral mucosa, teeth, and surrounding tissues. The recommended intake of these nutrients remains variable due to factors such as geography, altitude, age, weight, physiological needs, pathological backlogs, and other recognizable/unrecognizable factors. Essential trace elements are broadly categorized into macro-elements, micro-elements or trace elements, probably essential elements, and potentially toxic elements. The current review focuses on the role of essential trace elements in maintaining oral health and their implications in various oral diseases and disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characterization of digestive enzymes presents in fish and their potential biotechnological uses is a welldeveloped and studied field. However, there has not been a systematic review that analyzes the state of knowledge of these enzymes at a global level. Therefore, a systematic literature search on three platforms was carried out to review and analyze existing knowledge about digestive enzymes of marine fishes from fisheries and aquaculture and their potential application in industrial processes. Using the PRISMA method for selecting journal manuscripts, we found 112 scientific articles published between 1984 and 2020 studying different digestive enzymes from 87 fish species. Most studies were carried out in Tunisia and Mexico and only 6 articles were published in South American countries. The most studied digestive enzymes were alkaline proteases, mainly trypsin, and the proposed uses for these enzymes were mainly as additives in commercial detergents. There is a vacancy in the characterization of other digestive enzymes as pepsins, lipases and amylases and the study of species that are distributed in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. It is necessary to expand the knowledge about other digestive enzymes and to carry out new studies in regions with an important fishery development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine Learning (ML) is revolutionizing the functioning of our societies and reshaping much of the economic tissue underlying them. The deep integration of ML into the fabric of our lives has changed to way we work and communicate and how we relate to each other. In this Topical Collection we reflect on the reach and impact of this AI (ML-driven) revolution in our society, critically analyzing some of the most important ethical, epistemological, scientific, and sociological issues underlying it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the evolution and potential of halogen-free polymers, highlighting recent advancements in alternatives and their environmental advantages. The integration of these flame retardants within polymer composites is addressed, focusing on how novel materials and methods can improve mechanical properties without compromising fire safety. Sustainability is a key consideration, with life cycle assessments demonstrating the environmental benefits of halogen-free polymers. The crucial role of these polymers in the electronics, transportation, and aerospace sectors is also explored, emphasizing their exceptional flame-retardant capabilities and specific performance requirements. This review identifies key challenges and promising research avenues for further development in the field of halogen-free polymers. It underscores the need for continuous development and collaboration to ensure the future of polymer science embraces sustainability and fire safety without compromise. This comprehensive review aims to equip researchers and scientists with a thorough understanding of halogen-free polymers, paving the way for advancements toward a future characterized by both responsible material development and effective fire protection. Exploreshalogen-free polymers' evolution, properties, and applications. Discusses recent advances in flame-retardant polymer development. Stresses flame retardant inclusion to boost composite properties. Highlights sustainability and environmental impact assessments. Examineshalogen-free polymers' role in electronics, transport, aerospace. Advocates for ongoing innovation and collaboration in research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles, considered building blocks of nanotechnology, are a topic of widespread research due to their extraordinary properties that are useful in diverse sectors. Among all nanoparticle types, TiO2 (anatase) has drawn the most attention, primarily because of its superhydrophilic properties and effective antibacterial actions. Its applications include self-cleaning of solid surfaces, treatment of water and air, production of clean energy, treatment of microbial infections, pesticide management, etc. making TiO2 a focal point of research in materials science. However, the lack of photosensitivity to visible light (>390 nm) reduces the scope for utilising TiO2 in photocatalytic processes. Therefore, most studies on TiO2 nanoparticles have focused on broadening their spectral sensitivity through band gap manipulation for effective photocatalysis under visible light. Researchers have doped/co-doped metals and non-metals, such as N, C, F, S, B, Cu, Fe, V, Pt, etc. to nano-TiO2 to shorten its band gap with varying degrees of success. This review paper mainly focuses on the mechanism and effectivity of N and Fe co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. The progress of scientific research on TiO2 photocatalysis has introduced an array of new applications using TiO2 nanoparticles, and these applications have also been discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel and exciting class of porphyrin‐based compounds are the main group coordination‐driven porphyrins (MGCPs) with a central main group element into the porphyrin macrocycle. MGCPs have unique properties, reactivity, and potential applications in catalysis, sensing, biomedicine etc. This comprehensive review article discusses recent advances in the field of main group coordination driven porphyrins and explores some of its potential uses in solar cells, catalysis, antimicrobial, optoelectronic devices, sensing, and catalysis. The addition of main group elements to porphyrin systems has resulted in the production of entirely novel compounds that have intriguing qualities including increased stability and catalytic activity. Significant modifications in these unique compounds features are apparent through the analysis of their structural properties. It encompasses FTIR, proton NMR, electrical and optical characterisation in addition to an electrochemical analysis of those parameters. They serve as significant building blocks for the creation of cutting‐edge materials and technologies in a variety of scientific and technical disciplines because to their special qualities and adaptability. Researchers working in the domains of coordination chemistry, catalysis, and materials science will find this study to be of interest since it offers a thorough examination of current developments in main group coordination driven porphyrins and their prospective applications. Overall, main group porphyrins are used in many different fields, such as sensing, catalysis, and optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen has been regarded as a promising alternative to traditional fossil fuels, presenting itself as a viable and environmentally friendly energy choice. The design and fabrication of highly efficient hydrogen storage materials is crucial to the wide utilization of hydrogen‐based technologies. Magnesium‐based nanocrystalline materials have received significant interest in the field of hydrogen storage due to their remarkable hydrogen storage capabilities and release efficiency. This review emphasizes on the most useful techniques including vapor deposition, sol‐gel synthesis, electrochemical deposition, magnetron sputtering, and template‐assisted approaches used for the fabrication of Magnesium‐based nanocrystalline hydrogen storage materials (Mg‐NHSMs), stressing their advantages, limitations, and recent advancements. These cutting‐edge techniques demonstrate their significance in offering useful insights into the performance of Mg‐NHSMs. Further, this review describes various applications of Mg‐NHSMs. In addition, this review highlights the conclusion and future perspectives on the improvement of magnesium based nanocrystalline materials for efficient hydrogen storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractOrganophosphorus compounds (OPs) are a diverse group of chemical compounds that contain organic moieties directly bonded to phosphorus or through a heteroatom like oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. They are ubiquitous in the human environment due to their unique properties and high biological activity. OPs have been widely used in various fields such as agriculture (as pesticides), industry (for producing lubricants, hydraulic fluids, and plastics), medicine (as drugs against osteoporosis, anticancer, and antiviral compounds), and veterinary (as anthelmintics). As an important class of organophosphorus compounds, this review provides an overview of phosphoramidate compounds covering their synthetic pathways, a brief explanation of their mechanisms, and their various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the energy transition, especially in the automotive and aerospace fields, specific attention must be paid to energy consumption and carbon footprint reduction throughout the life cycle of parts. Composites such as self‐reinforced polymers (SRPs) appear as an interesting alternative by combining the components' lightness, mechanical strength, and similar chemical nature. This last point makes recycling possible without any costly separation step of the constituents. The literature has widely reported the easy recyclability of SRP as a development driver. However, few studies analyze it in detail. The feasibility of reprocessing by mechanical grinding a self‐reinforced polyethylene (SRPE) is then examined to view two valorization routes. The impact of the thermomechanical history undergone before recycling, the grinding, the nature of the shreds, and the reprocessing conditions, on the behavior of the recyclates is studied, in parallel with physical considerations, for one reprocessing cycle. The results obtained show that SRPE can be mechanically recycled and keep interesting mechanical properties whatever its reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new type polymeric adsorbent, poly(allylphenol‐co‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐vinyl imidazole) (PAHV), is synthesized in this study. 2‐Hydroxyethyl methacrylate is used as complementary monomers along with 1‐vinyl imidazole and allylphenol monomers. The photopolymerization method is preferred as a synthesis method and benzophenone is used as the photoinitiator. The effectiveness of the PAHV against bacterial species such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus is investigated by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) disk diffusion method. The inhibition areas of PA1H1V3 and PA1H1V1 derivatives against E. coli and S. aureus are measured as 25 mm ± 0.25 mm and 7 mm ± 0.1 mm; 20 mm ± 0.25 mm, and 5 mm ± 0.1 mm, respectively. Sorption efficiencies (%) at pH = 6 (selected optimum pH) for 100 μg/L Cd and Cr of the PA1H1V1, PA1H3V1, and PA1H1V3 derivatives are found to be 69.0 ± 2.7 and 58.3 ± 6.7, 66.8 ± 6.2 and 75.8 ± 5.5, and 97.2 ± 3.7 and 97.7 ± 3.2 (n = 3), respectively. Adsorption studies revealed that the PA1H1V3 polymer can be used as an alternative for the sorption of cadmium and chromium. The pseudo‐second‐order model and Langmuir isotherm model fits for both adsorption processes. The adsorption capacities obtained from the Langmuir isotherm model for chromium and cadmium sorption are 52.63 and 68.49 μg g−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligent actuators have attracted intensive attention due to their broad application scenarios, ranging from precision manufacturing and autonomous robotics to adaptive medical devices. Therein, simplifying structure design and streamlining fabrication processes for responsive materials is crucial for achieving multifunctionality in intelligent actuators. Drawing inspiration from nature, diverse stimuli‐responsive materials have been developed, enabling the creation of a broad spectrum of intelligent actuators. Herein, the study aims to provide a systematic overview of smart actuators with different stimuli‐responsive materials based on biomimetic strategies. The study commences by describing typical stimulus‐response organisms in nature, subsequently categorizing nascent stimuli‐responsive materials, and summarizing their respective responsive mechanisms. Potential applications of smart actuators integrated into all‐in‐one systems are presented for grippers, soft robots, and sensors. Finally, the study ends with an advancement summary together with personal insight into current challenges and future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polylactic acid (PLA), a highly promising biodegradable biopolymer, has been extensively studied over the last two decades. The thermoplastic polyester PLA is bio-based, compostable, and eco-friendly. Its monomer, lactic acid, is fermented from renewable plant sources like starch and sugar. Therefore, PLA is regarded as a desirable substitute for conventional petroleum-based polymers. Because of its biocompatible and biodegradable properties, U.S. FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has approved PLA as a biomedical material. PLA has excellent mechanical, physical, structural, and thermal properties, making it suitable for various applications. However, PLA has limitations such as low impact toughness, hydrophobicity, and slow degradation rate at ambient temperatures. This can be improved by different modification methods, such as copolymerization, making composites or blends of PLA with other biodegradable polymers, or incorporating additives. This review presents information about the various methods of synthesis of PLA, its properties, and the environmental degradation of PLA. In addition, the different processing techniques of PLA are also reviewed. Lastly, the applications of PLA in sectors such as packaging, biomedical, agricultural, automotive, and textile are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractVarious heat transfer technologies necessitate effective source-to-sink and sink-to-source heat transfer control. Nanoparticles are one of the hot topics in the industrial industry. It has caught a lot of attention because of its benefits. Nanoparticles are small, with a range of 1–100 nm. Despite their small size, their properties are excellent in terms of thermal properties, heat transfer, tribology properties, and many more. There are many types of nanoparticles, and different types of nanoparticles have their excellent properties and performances. This article mainly focuses on ceramic nanoparticles’ performances, preparation methods, stability, thermophysical properties, and applications. Numerous uses of nanoparticles are made possible in several industries because of their regulated size, surface functionalization, porosity, surface area-to-volume ratio, and excellent heat transfer. Based on the information in the literature, the current contribution intends to describe the most recent advancements in ceramic nanofluids’ preparation, characterization, and stability. This article mainly focuses on ceramic nanoparticles’ performances, preparation methods, stability, thermophysical properties, and applications. The discussion ends with applications of nanofluids, which will guide future work on creating very stable nanofluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exosomes play a crucial role in various biological processes, such as human development, immune responses, and disease occurrence. The membrane proteins on exosomes are pivotal factors for their biological functionality. Currently, numerous membrane proteins have been identified on exosome membranes, participating in intercellular communication, mediating target cell recognition, and regulating immune processes. Furthermore, membrane proteins from exosomes derived from cancer cells can serve as relevant biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the composition of exosome membrane proteins and their diverse functions in the organism's biological processes. Through in-depth exploration of exosome membrane proteins, it is expected to offer essential foundations for the future development of novel biomedical diagnostics and therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Untreated pyrolytic tire char was used in natural rubber (STR20) composites as single filler at loadings of 30–70 phr and co‐filler with carbon black (N330) at a total loading of 50 phr. The results were compared with rubbers filled with N330 and crumb rubber at 30 phr. The effects of fillers on cure characteristic, crosslink density, filler dispersion in natural rubber vulcanizates and their mechanical properties were investigated. The slight reversions were seen for the cure characteristics of 70 phr‐char‐filled and all co‐filler samples because the sulfur amount in the char together with the added sulfur could shift the vulcanization system from EV to SEV, whereas plateau cure curves were seen for the rest. While the highest tensile strength of char‐filled sample was obtained at 50 phr loading, whose tensile strength was about 88% of the N330 sample at 30 phr, 70‐phr‐char filled sample was superior in surface hardness, abrasion resistance and tear strength to N330 sample at 30 phr. For rubber with co‐fillers, the mechanical properties depended on the mass ratio of N330 to pyrolytic tire char. Therefore, it is possible to use untreated char as reinforcing filler for suitable applications according to their properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A green method to synthesize self‐matting waterborne polyurethane acrylic hybrid emulsion with hydrophobic function is introduced in this study. A reactive waterborne polyurethane (RWPU) dispersion containing unsaturated CC double bonds was prepared from epoxidized soybean oil. Subsequently, the RWPU dispersion was copolymerized with fluorinated monomers of different carbon chain lengths to prepare polyurethane acrylic hybrid emulsion (PUF). The results revealed the gloss levels of PUF films to be as low as 12.4 gloss units at 60°. The morphology of PUF films was observed by scanning electron microscope and three‐dimensional surface profilometer, and the relationship between surface roughness and gloss was discussed in detail. In addition, thermal gravimetric analysis was conducted to determine the thermal stability of the PUF films, and the results denoted that these PUF films exhibited excellent thermal stability. Comprehensive performance tests indicated that the RWPU dispersion, which was copolymerized with hexafluorobutyl methacrylate at a weight of 10%, exhibited a low gloss, a high contact angle of 120°, and a high elongation percentage of 423%. Furthermore, the dynamic light scattering results showed small average particle size, revealing the excellent storage stabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rubidium (Rb), a rare and precious metal, is widely used in high‐tech fields. In this work the structural advantages of mordenite (MOR) and group affinity of phenolic hydroxyl polymers (poly (styrene‐4‐hydroxystyrene) (P(S‐co‐VPh)) are combined to prepare MOR/P(S‐co‐VPh) nanofiber composite membranes with high selectivity and adsorption specificity for Rb+ by electrospinning. The test results show that MOR is successfully anchored on the nanofiber substrate and maintained its complete crystal structure. Adsorption experiments show that the adsorption capacity of Rb+ increases with the increase of MOR content, and pH = 9.0, T = 25°C are the best adsorption conditions. K+ shows the most obvious interference with the adsorption capacity decreased from 60.03 to 39.33 mg/g. The adsorption process follows with the Langmuir isothermal model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equation. The chemical adsorption based on the coordination reaction is the control step, and the intraparticle diffusion also has an important effect on the adsorption rate. The recycling test indicates that the prepared nanofiber composite membrane not only has efficient adsorption of Rb+, but also exhibits excellent regeneration and stability, which helps to achieve its widespread application and long‐term operation in harsh environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isocyanate‐based monomers and polymers have found widespread industrial application; however, the realization of green water‐based products via the preparation of stable isocyanate aqueous emulsions remains challenging. Herein, a series of organosilicon and organofluorine synergistically modified amphiphilic branched polyurethanes (HBWPU), synthesized by grafting perfluorohexyl ethanol semi‐terminated isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) onto a hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer, is presented. Subsequently, using a physical mixing method, stable diisocyanate emulsions are fabricated by preparing diisocyanate latex particles with IPDI as the core and hyperbranched water‐based polyurethanes (HBWPU) as the shell. Structural investigations showed that the branching degree and fluorine content of the HBWPU significantly affects the stability of the diisocyanate emulsions. Increasing the degree of branching from 0.34 to 0.86 causes the amount of residual isocyanate (NCO) groups to decrease from 20.1% to 16.7%. In contrast, an increase in the fluorine content from 0% to 17.8% increases the amount of residual NCO groups from 11.5% to 24.6%. Thus, HBWPU can be used as an emulsifier to prepare waterborne diisocyanate cross‐linking agents. Such polyurethane‐coated isocyanate aqueous emulsions can increase the hardness and significantly improve the acetone resistance of hydroxyl polyacrylate resins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional luminescent materials commonly exhibit single‐duration emissions and single‐timed emissions with limited emission peaks. Developing a material with multicolor, variable temporal, and multimodal luminescence is a significant challenge. Self‐reduction phosphors have attracted considerable interest for their distinctive properties and versatile applications. Distinguished by their rigid structure and exceptional purity, offer a safer alternative to conventional reduction methods using hazardous gases H2/CO/N2. However, synthesizing these phosphors with precise control over self‐reduction and defect regulation is complex. Therefore, innovative structures and substrates are essential to address these challenges. This review discusses the latest developments in phosphors doped with ions such as Eu3+, Mn4+, Ce4+, and Yb3+, examining the origins and advancements in self‐reduction. It covers classifications, mechanisms, defects, and applications, with an emphasis on techniques for controlled self‐reduction through structural and charge transfer modifications. This work aims to provide valuable insights to facilitate further research and innovation endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuously exacerbating situation of global warming can be effectively mitigated by controlling carbon emissions from combustion processes through economically attractive membrane technology. Carbon capture efficiency of prospective membranes can be significantly improved via synergistically incorporating CO2‐selective ZIF‐300 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into polysulfone (PSF) matrix. Solution‐casting coupled with phase‐inversion processes were employed to concoct hybrid membranes containing varying loadings of both nanofillers. Manufactured composite membranes showed improved matrix structure, uniform nanofillers scattering, enhanced thermal resistance, and ameliorated nanofillers‐polysulfone interfacial adhesion as evidenced by morphological and thermal analysis. Both sorption and permeation measurements for CO2 and N2 gases performed on created membranes indicated upgraded CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 permselectivity on account of collegial impact of added nanofillers. In contrast to pristine polysulfone membrane rendering CO2 intake of 4.1 and CO2/N2 sorption selectivity of 12, hybrid membrane containing 15% ZIF‐300 and 3% CNTs uplifted corresponding values to 12 and 22, respectively. As compared to unadulterated polysulfone membrane, CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 permselectivity of hybrid membrane doped with optimized nanofillers loading of were, respectively, elevated by five‐ and three‐folds. Unique features of manufactured membranes can best be manifested in terms of their ability to maintain gas separation performance from post‐combustion effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of leather waste (LW) in a polyurethane (PU) matrix makes a smart and novel shape stable phase change material (SSPCM). This is essential for sustainability as it reduces landfill waste after use. The PU is synthesized in bulk with a 90% yield, using biodegradable polycaprolactone diol and bio‐based polyol (castor oil), along with tolylene‐2,4‐diisocyanate. PL and PLG composites are prepared by blending of constituent components PU (P), LW (L), and poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA, G), as specified by their code names. Role of LW (hydrogen bonding and chemical crosslinking) and morphology are elucidated by FTIR and SEM, respectively. Self‐healing time (2 h), shape fixity ratios (Rf) (PL: 60–80% and PLG: 60–70%) and shape recovery ratios (Rr) (100% for both) are determined at 60°C. PLG displays faster shape recovery in water (<30 s) compared to air (>300 s). Shape stability and thermal properties of the SSPCM are examined using the temperature responsive leakage study, TGA, and DSC. This research introduces a new approach for using leather waste (LW) in SSPCM, with self‐healing and 100% Rr. This material may find application where SSPCM with high durability and flexibility is essential such as textile and footwear materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology offers a promising alternative for high-speed data transfer due to its ability to simultaneously illuminate and transport data. This research studies the application of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms for the purpose of addressing several issues associated with VLC technology. These challenges include the reduction of non-linearity, channel estimation, detection of modulation format, localization, enhancement of security, optimization of mobility, and management of resources. ML algorithms have the potential to enhance the efficiency and reliability of VLC systems, ensuring that data flow is uninterrupted. Additionally, the study analyzes the challenges that are involved with the application of ML algorithms in VLC technology as well as the potential future research topics that could be pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignin represents one of the most abundant plant-derived polymers. It is mostly present in the cell wall, and its primary role is to provide mechanical support to the plant. Chemical processes during wood-pulping yield diverse technical lignins with distinct characteristics. Due to their complex and variable nature, technical lignins are often undervalued and are mainly used as burning fuel in mills. However, various technical lignins have been shown to possess antimicrobial properties. Consequently, there is an increasing interest in understanding the properties and conditions that underlie their antimicrobial characteristics and how we can utilize them for practical applications. This review, for the first time, comprehensively summarized the antimicrobial activities of technical lignins and their potential antimicrobial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted expanding consideration, particularly in the nanotechnology field. This element participates in important biological processes, such as antioxidant defense, immune function, and thyroid hormone regulation, protecting cells from oxidative damage. Selenium in the form of nanoscale particles has drawn attention for its biocompatibility, bioavailability, and low toxicity; thus, it has found several biomedical applications in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. Green methods for SeNP synthesis using plant extracts are considered to be single-step, inexpensive, and eco-friendly processes. Besides acting as natural reductants, compounds from plant extracts can also serve as natural capping agents, stabilizing the size of nanoparticles and contributing to the enhanced biological properties of SeNPs. This brief overview presents the recent developments in this area, focusing on the synthesis conditions and the characteristics of the obtained SeNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over recent years, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been widely used as a substrate material for flexible strain sensors due to its remarkable mechanical flexibility and the ease of combining various conductive materials by electrospinning. Many research advances have been made in the preparation of flexible strain sensors with better ductility, higher sensitivity, and wider sensing range by using TPU in combination with various conductive materials through electrospinning. However, there is a lack of reviews that provide a systematic and comprehensive summary and outlook of recent research advances in this area. In this review paper, the working principles of strain sensors and electrospinning technology are initially described. Subsequently, recent advances in strain sensors based on electrospun TPU are tracked and discussed, with a focus on the incorporation of various conductive fillers such as carbonaceous materials, MXene, metallic materials, and conductive polymers. Moreover, the wide range of applications of electrospun TPU flexible strain sensors is thoroughly discussed. Finally, the future prospects and challenges of electrospun TPU flexible strain sensors in various fields are pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular imprinting has emerged as an important and practical technology to create economical and stable synthetic mimics of antibodies and enzymes. It has already found a variety of important applications, such as affinity separation, chemical/biological sensing, disease diagnostics, proteomics, bioimaging, controlled drug release, and catalysis. In the past decade, significant breakthroughs have been made in non-covalently imprinted polymers, from their synthesis through to their applications. In terms of synthesis, quite a few versatile and facile imprinting approaches for preparing MIPs have been invented, which have effectively solved some key issues in molecular imprinting. Additionally, important applications in several areas, such as sensors, proteomics and bioimaging, have been well demonstrated. In this review, we critically and comprehensively survey key recent advances made in the preparation of non-covalently imprinted polymers and their important applications. We focus on the state-of-art of this technology from three different perspectives: fundamentals, synthetic strategies, and applications. We first provide a fundamental basis for molecular imprinting technologies that have been developed, which is extremely helpful for establishing a sound understanding of the challenges in molecular imprinting. Then, we discuss in particular the major breakthroughs within the last ten years (2014–2024), with emphasis on new imprinting approaches, what strengths the breakthroughs can provide, and which new applications the properties of the prepared non-covalently imprinted polymers are fit for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing population and demand for food and feed have increased the urge to find protein sources from waste products. Due to poor management of waste valorization, it has become a pollutant to the environment. This waste can be converted into a valuable product by microbial degradation. Feather waste from poultry farms can be efficiently processed into hydrolysates, serving as an additive or in its crude form for animal feed and detergents. This approach not only reduces pollution but also boosts the economy of a country. Keratin is a hard fibrous protein, insoluble in water and organic solvents. They are accumulated in nature and are major components of feathers, nails, hairs, and wool. Microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes can degrade keratin by producing the keratinase enzyme. Keratinases are thought to be promising biocatalysts for the production of animal nutrients, protein supplements, leather processing, fibre modification, detergent formulations, and pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and biomedical industries. An overview of keratin structure and composition, the mechanism of microbial hydrolysis of keratin, and their possible uses in biotechnological sectors are presented in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L-Asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) primarily catalyzes the hydrolysis of Asn into ammonium and L-Asp and has wide applications in various industrial sectors. This protein has several sources, including microorganisms, plants, and the serum of certain rodents. Currently, L-asparaginase is primarily produced through biotechnology using bacteria and fungi. Genetic engineering methods are employed to create more stable enzymes than those available for the wild type. Given the extensive industrial use of L-asparaginase, optimization, and purification techniques are utilized to increase ex vivo enzyme production. The objective of this study is to comprehensively review the current literature on the production of L-asparaginase from diverse sources and using various methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With higher standards in terms of diet and leisure enjoyment, spices and essential oils of aromatic plants (APEOs) are no longer confined to the food industry. The essential oils (EOs) produced from them are the active ingredients that contribute to different flavors. The multiple odor sensory properties and their taste characteristics of APEOs are responsible for their widespread use. The research on the flavor of APEOs is an evolving process attracting the attention among scientists in the past decades. For APEOs, which are used for a long time in the catering and leisure industries, it is necessary to analyze the components associated with the aromas and the tastes. It is important to identify the volatile components and assure quality of APEOs in order to expand their application. It is worth celebrating the different means by which the loss of flavor of APEOs can be retarded in practice. Unfortunately, relatively little research has been done on the structure and flavor mechanisms of APEOs. This also points the way to future research on APEOs.Therefore, this paper reviews the principles of flavor, identification of components and sensory pathways in humans for APEOs. Moreover, the article outlines the means of increasing the efficiency of using of APEOs. Finally, with respect to the sensory applications of APEOs, the review focuses on the practical application of APEOs in food sector and in aromatherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis and visual exploration of the chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) literature in 2023, focusing on its trends, challenges, and applications in education. Using RStudio for bibliometric analysis and VOS viewer for data visualization, this study examines publications from the Scopus database. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the systematic review process reinforces the robustness of the analysis. The finding reveals notable trends in the utilization of ChatGPT. Key insights underscore ChatGPT’s increasing role in enhancing engagement, facilitating personalized learning, and fostering student creativity and critical thinking. However, its integration into education encounters obstacles, including ethical considerations, issues of academic honesty, and the imperative for precise usage guidelines; notable applications of ChatGPT encompass language learning, tutoring, automated feedback provision, and functioning as a virtual assistant. These applications showcase ChatGPT’s potential to reshape the educational landscape by introducing innovative pedagogical methods and enriching the student experience. This combined bibliometric and visual analysis provides a comprehensive view of the current status of ChatGPT within the educational domain. It provides a snapshot of the role of ChatGPT in education, offering valuable insights for future research endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enabling fabrics to achieve superoleophobicity and superhydrophobicity can greatly improve their application prospects. The superamphiphobic surface based on fabric has attracted widespread attention from researchers and industrial fields due to its unique flexibility and breathability, which are significantly different from other substrates. Herein, we review some important nodes in the development process of superamphiphobic surfaces that chiefly impact superamphiphobic fabrics (SAFs). Meanwhile, the construction mechanism of SAF based on the research progress of low surface energy materials and fabric surfaces was summarized. Finally, we summarize the existing research on SAF, including different preparation methods such as material modification and surface roughness construction, as well as multifunctional applications of SAF achieved by adding other functional materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alginate, a naturally sourced bio-polymer derived mainly from brown seaweed, has gained incredible attention due to its versatile properties and wide range of applications. This review outlines alginate regarding sources, extraction methods, classifications, and critical characteristics. The critical development of alginate, focusing on its application in 3D bioprinting in fields such as vascular tissue formation, bone printing, and cartilage printing, has been discussed. Recent trends regarding the application of alginate in different sectors, from cosmetic textiles to wastewater treatment, wound dressing, and preparation of intelligent materials, have also been probed. The techniques used, benefits, and limitations form the discussion of each application. In addition, future alginate perspectives are discussed by considering current research with potential innovations that can expand its utility. Particular attention is devoted to the promising role of alginate in these emerging technologies that hold promise for radical changes in many industries due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and unique physicochemical properties. This review seeks to lay down basic knowledge on alginate by synthesizing the state of the art and, in this way, brings out the gaps that might inspire further studies and development in this dynamic field.Article Highlights: The physicochemical and biological properties of alginate are described, along with the extraction process. It reports the application of alginates in 3D bioprinting, cosmetic textiles, smart materials with techniques and limitations involved. Future perspectives of alginate are mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) have emerged as versatile materials with unique properties, allowing for easy processing and recyclability. This study explores TPE composites reinforced with natural fibers, attracting substantial scientific and industrial interest. By tailoring TPE properties through varied natural fiber reinforcements, the aim is to enhance performance and broaden potential applications while addressing environmental concerns. Chemical treatments can be employed to address the drawbacks of natural fibers, improving their adhesion with polymers, increasing strength, minimizing water absorption, and optimizing composite properties. The review highlights the integration of eco-friendly fibers into TPE composites, focusing on enhancing mechanical and thermal properties. Key findings include significant improvements in tensile strength, thermal stability, and moisture resistance through treated natural fibers. Chemical treatments notably enhance interfacial bonding, resulting in composites with superior mechanical properties and durability. Morphological analysis shows better fiber dispersion and compatibility within the polymer matrix. This study covers TPE classification, synthesis routes, composites, applications, and environmental impact. TPE composites with synthetic or bio-based fibers are applied in 3D printing, construction, biomedical devices, and the automotive industry, emphasizing their broad sectoral significance. The findings highlight the potential of natural fiber-reinforced TPE composites to replace conventional materials, contributing to sustainable development and innovation across various industries. Moving forward, this review could significantly impact future research and development, promoting the use of sustainable materials and guiding the design of advanced biocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review explored the potential of cola acuminata (cola-nut) as a natural and eco-friendly dye source for textiles, taking into account its characteristics, and prospective applications on textile materials. Moreover, the review discusses the various techniques used to extract the dye from cola acuminata, the dye yield, the compound responsible for the color yield of the cola, its various applications, and prospect for sustainable management. There has been limited research on the sustainability of cola acuminata dye extract where there has also been a growing interest in the use of natural dye in the textile industry. Additionally, the production and use of synthetic dyes have been associated with several environmental issues, including water pollution, waste generation, carbon emissions, as well as health related problems for textile workers, particularly in developing countries. However, the dye extract of cola acuminata has been found to possess good color fastness properties and has proven to be a sustainable alternative to synthetic dye since it contains tannins, which are a type of polyphenolic compound that can be used as a natural dye. The tannins in the extract have been shown to have flavonoids properties, so that textiles dyed with the extract may be very resistant to microbial growth. Although, the tannin content of the seeds has been reported to be higher than that of some cola such as cola nitida, despite its lower dye yield. Moreso, the review emphasized on the importance of continued research in this field to optimize the dyeing process and contribute also to the enhancement of sustainable practice in the textile sector. It further provides valuable insights into the potential applications of cola acuminata dye extract particularly in the textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biosynthesis of nanoparticles included many strategies including attractive methods using a fungal medium as reducing and a capping mediator. Creation of nontoxic metal nanoparticles (NPs) pushes these materials to use a high-efficiency broad spectrum in many fields. Some problems are associated to the limited stability besides cytotoxic properties of some NPs in the biological and environmental systems; doping considered a promising solution to overcome these problems. During this investigation, green and ecofriendly synthesis approach was applied to prepare zinc oxide NP-doped selenium oxide (ZnO@SeO) NPs via mycosynthesis using Alternaria alternata. The produced ZnO@SeO NPs were characterized via physiochemical techniques including both transmission and scan electron microscope, UV-visible, X-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, energy dispersive X-ray analyses, and dynamic light scattering. The mycosyntheis ZnO@SeO NPs were performed as a nanostructure with a size around 50 nm. Moreover, the NP formula exhibited an excellent homogeneity and stability that offered this formula to use in many applications with high performance and low aggregation ability. Great inhibitory activity of ZnO@SeO NPs was documented with inhibitory zone 28.33 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, 27.33 mm against Bacillus subtilis, 27.67 mm against Bacillus cereus, 27.17 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 27.5 mm against Escherichia coli, 24.33 mm against Salmonella typhi, 23.33 mm against Candida albicans, and 18.17 mm against Aspergillus niger compared to undoped ZnONPs or antibiotic/antifungal. Less effectiveness of ZnO@SeO NPs was observed on normal cells (Vero cell line CCL-81) compared with ZnONPs, while more effectiveness was observed on cancerous cell lines MCF7. ZnO@SeO NPs were more effective for methylene blue photodegradation than undoped ZnONPs with 83.1% and 35.1%, respectively at 300 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Here in, we discuss different types of nanohydrogels in the field of biomedicine, highlighting their unique properties such as size, biocompatibility, and tuneable drug release capabilities. Nanohydrogels are considered versatile tools for applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and diagnostics, with the ability to target specific sites and release therapeutic agents in a controlled manner. The controlled‐release characteristics of nanohydrogels are particularly emphasized for targeted drug delivery, potentially transforming therapies for conditions like cancer by maximizing treatment efficacy while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Several research articles published on nanohydrogels has been steadily increasing over the years, indicating growing interest and research activity in this field. This review provides an overview of contemporary methodologies employed in nanohydrogel design, their utilization in biomedical contexts, and their pivotal role in shaping advanced therapeutics. Recent investigations on nanohydrogels are scrutinized for their extensive utility in devising strategies conducive to finely tuned biological applications. Challenges and obstacles associated with the nanohydrogel technology in biomedicine also has been discussed. Cautious handling of the interaction of nanohydrogels with complex biological systems is also emphasized for the successful integration of this technology into medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diamond materials at different nanoscales provide them various characteristics such as elastic mechanical properties in needle‐like nanotips, flexibility of 2D films having atomic thicknesses and constant hardness under high pressures, superior field electron emission properties of vertically wall‐like composites, unprecedented hardness and improved toughness of nanotwin diamond (nt‐diamond), while the inherent excellent properties of bulk diamond (e.g., high Young's modulus, robustness, biocompatibility) can be maintained. In this paper, the newly born 1D diamond nanothreads, 2D diamanes, as well as 3D nt‐diamond are briefly reviewed. The innovations, progresses and achievements of different dimensional diamond nanostructures, covering lines, planes and volumes are overviewed. The topical problems and future outlooks of diamond nanostructures are outlined and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum computing as emerging technology raises high expectations to accelerate complicated calculations, superseding capabilities of presently available supercomputers and to provide a solution to the ever-increasing challenge of processing big amount of data. Besides theoretical promises, quantum computers have successfully been realized in experimental settings during the past few years, and can now also be accessed commercially. Given this availability of quantum computers, their application potential can be scrutinized. Promised to lead to disruptive changes in addressing and solving problems from the domains of simulation, optimization and machine learning, quantum computers have been researched in context of many application scenarios in industrial and academic setting in the recent years. However, it turns out that currently available quantum computers are still to small in size and limited in quality to fulfill the high hopes set in them at the moment. This review reflects on the current state of the technology coming from the perspective of the application, and indicates the developments required on hardware, software and algorithmic side to eventually make quantum computing beneficial for applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patient focus groups can be invaluable for facilitating user-centered design of medical devices and new technologies, effectively capturing the richness and depth of patient experiences to help thoroughly assess feasibility, tolerance, and usability. While the metaverse holds promise for healthcare applications, its use in patient focus groups remains unexplored. In this Perspective we discuss the potential of the metaverse for conducting focus groups with patients. The theme of the focus group was the design and development of a therapeutic virtual reality application for patients with chronic low back pain. We carried out a pilot study comparing a focus group in a shared virtual space versus a physical location. This experience was positively received by patients, researchers, and clinicians, suggesting the metaverse is a viable medium for conducting these meetings and has potential advantages for remotely located participants, opening the doors for future expansion beyond focus groups to encompass all kinds of patient support and information groups. This approach fosters patientcentered healthcare by helping to facilitate patient voices directly into the design process, which may help lead to improved healthcare delivery, patient satisfaction, and treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corneal diseases are a significant cause of visual impairment and blindness. The first‐line treatment for corneal opacity is penetrating keratoplasty (human donor cornea transplantation). At present, keratoprosthesis (KPro), an artificial cornea, is the last resort for correcting end‐stage corneal blindness and is usually supported by donor tissue. This article describes a new intralamellar tissue‐free KPro design concept and its preparation method. Wherein, an injection‐molding route is adopted to create a mechanically and structurally stable near‐KPro geometry using a photo‐polymerized poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) with 4% Bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BisMA) crosslinked (PC4) hydrogel composition. Prior to this, the physico‐mechanical properties of crosslinked hydrogels matching corneal tissue are identified, and the surface morphological characteristics of silk cocoon membranes are ascertained in choosing suitable KPro materials. Cytocompatibility tests on PC4 and silk‐incorporated PC4 hydrogels using rabbit corneal fibroblast cell‐line evidenced enhancement in cell growth on silk‐PC4 surfaces. Furthermore, near KPro geometry is surface‐profiled to create a one‐of‐a‐kind design with clear optics and a silk‐bioactivated composite‐based haptic‐flange hydrogel network containing site‐specific submillimeter‐scale perforations to improve tissue integration. Considering this unique KPro geometry, the optic‐haptic‐flange construct is a tissue‐free semi‐bioresorbable hydrogel device presumed to provide stability under the influence of intraocular pressure (IOP) and eyelid shear. Through this study, it is identified new KPro materials facilitate significant cytocompatibility while complimented with site‐specific novel design would offer tissue ingrowth with gradual resorption of silk, leaving behind a stable intralamellar tissue integrated with hydrogel when implanted in the corneal niche. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the electrochemical principle and cell configuration of Li–ion batteries (LIBs) can achieve superior capacities and energy densities, they are unlikely to address the performance, cost, and scalability issues in electric transportation and stretchable electronic applications required for energy storage. There are increasing requirements for safety, cost reduction, energy density, and a high demand for natural resources for Li. Accordingly, research on various cell technologies, such as “Zn-, Na-, and K-batteries beyond Li-batteries,” has attracted more attention. Among these, the most advanced cell technology is the Zn battery, which has the advantages of low cost, safety, environmental efficiency, and energy density. The previously developed Zn batteries (Zn–C, Zn–Ag(O2), and Zn–air batteries) that have contributed to the development of Zn batteries are summarized, and the research directions and prospects of these batteries are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG)-based optical fiber is one of the research hotspots in the field of fiber lasers due to its combined advantages of a wide doping range of rare earth ions and the high mechanical strength of YAG material, as well as the flexibility and small size of the fiber structure. YAG-based optical fibers and related laser devices can be used in communication, sensing, medicine, etc. A comprehensive review of YAG-based optical fibers is provided in this paper. Firstly, the fabrication processes of YAG-based optical fibers are summarized and the structure and properties of fibers are classified and compared. Secondly, according to the optical wavelength regions, rare earth-doped YAG-based optical fibers for the applications of single-frequency and mode-locked fiber lasers are summarized. Lastly, the development challenges in both the fabrication and applications of YAG-based optical fibers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]