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Artificial intelligence provides both good and evil. For this reason, artificial intelligence must be regulated to protect the public interest. The research results show that regulating artificial intelligence is not easy, it is very complicated, and there are many challenges, especially as the development of artificial intelligence technology is very rapid while the law is slow to anticipate it. By 2022, globally, there will be 37 regulations governing artificial intelligence. From the results of the comparison of various best practices and regulations from other countries leading in the field of artificial intelligence, such as the European Union, China, and the United States framework approach, it can be used as input for developing artificial intelligence regulations in Indonesia that guarantee the use of artificial intelligence responsibly, respecting values. humanity, and does not hinder the creation of an artificial intelligence development ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractWith the rapid development of IT and high-tech manufacturing, artificial intelligence has become a complex issue whose resolution is one of the highest priorities in the development of the high-tech society. The application of artificial intelligence, much like the application of many other technologies, opens the door to new opportunities and the use of AI for the benefit of organised crime. This issue highlights the need for an effective legal and regulatory framework, which the state itself and state agencies are responsible for putting into place. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse numerous aspects of the legal regulation of the application of artificial intelligence in contemporary civil law, which faces the challenge of adapting to the rapid advancement of high tech. The authors review international experience in understanding artificial intelligence and its main characteristics, analyse some cases of artificial intelligence-caused damage, and discuss the interpretations and characteristics of artificial intelligence applications as a subject of legal liability. The results of the study give reason to say that the key issues under consideration are connected with the applicability of the concept of guilt to AI aspects, the subjective perception of causality by AI, the possibility of attribution the concept of “intention” to the AI category, and issues of interpretability of AI decision-making processes.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing a significant role in our social and daily life for technological development. The efficient integration of AI into business organizations or firms is improving performance and efficiency on a significant scale. Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) is assisting criminal activities or committing crimes through autonomous activity related to business, e-commerce, and market manipulation. AI could be used to aid criminal activity or, in certain situations, a mistake has resulted in criminal activity and most of the fields lack strong legislative safeguards due to the regulatory challenges imposed by the special nature of AI-Crime (AIC). The paper has examined the application and criminalization of AI in business and firm management. As we will have to strengthen the legislation for managing, preventing, and punishing AI-based business-related crimes, the last segment of the paper has suggested recommendations to counter the regulatory challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has started to impact many facets of the economy and people's routine activities. This article contributes to our understanding of how the legal system is reacting to the ongoing uptake of AI and the disputes or right infringements this uptake creates. Select legal cases regarding the use of AI technology for automated decisions are reviewed, with a focus on filings in Europe and the USA. This exercise reveals which type of legal challenges can be expected when it comes to deploying automated systems in these jurisdictions. Additionally, incipient regulatory efforts targeting AI on both sides of the North Atlantic are introduced and briefly discussed. The paper sheds light on how different legal systems accommodate an emerging technology with disruptive potential and offers a mapping of exemplary legal risks for prospective actors or organisations seeking to develop and deploy AI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of IT and high-tech manufacturing, artificial intelligence has become a complex issue whose resolution is one of the highest priorities in the development of the high-tech society. The application of artificial intelligence, much like the application of many other technologies, opens the door to new opportunities and the use of AI for the benefit of organised crime. This issue highlights the need for an effective legal and regulatory framework, which the state itself and state agencies are responsible for putting into place. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyse numerous aspects of the legal regulation of the application of artificial intelligence in contemporary civil law, which faces the challenge of adapting to the rapid advancement of high tech. The authors review international experience in understanding artificial intelligence and its main characteristics, analyse some cases of artificial intelligence-caused damage, and discuss the interpretations and characteristics of artificial intelligence applications as a subject of legal liability. The results of the study give reason to say that the key issues under consideration are connected with the applicability of the concept of guilt to AI aspects, the subjective perception of causality by AI, the possibility of attribution the concept of "intention" to the AI category, and issues of interpretability of AI decision-making processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are living in a technology-based digital society where the application of autonomous machines and artificial intelligence (AI) is growing rapidly and is having an impact on our social life and the public sphere. Like many other technologies, AI will open new doors for criminals, and consequently, social security has been threatened by different modes of AI criminalization. It is imposing a complex challenge to frame an effective regulatory framework. This article provided a structured literature analysis of the application and criminalization of AI by recommending principles for countering the regulatory challenges and protect the right of individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A deep comparative analysis of regulatory experience gained from 31 jurisdictions and 16 international organizations in the field of artificial intelligence is briefly surveyed, as presented in the book Global Atlas of Artificial Intelligence Regulation: Oriental Vector. This book is the first-ever system research aimed at the construction of unified analysis criteria for legal systems in various countries in terms of the influence exerted by regulation on the development of artificial intelligence technologies in areas, such as strategic planning, health care, uncrewed vehicles, personal data, public administration, and ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Română de Drept European is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Contemporary ethical analysis of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is growing rapidly. One of its most recognizable outcomes is the publication of a number of ethics guidelines that, intended to guide governmental policy, address issues raised by AI design, development, and implementation and generally present a set of recommendations. Here we propose two things: first, regarding content, since some of the applied issues raised by AI are related to fundamental questions about topics like intelligence, consciousness, and the ontological and ethical status of humans, among others, the treatment of these issues would benefit from interfacing with neuroethics that has been addressing those same issues in the context of brain research. Second, the identification and management of some of the practical ethical challenges raised by AI would be enriched by embracing the methodological resources used in neuroethics. In particular, we focus on the methodological distinction between conceptual and action-oriented neuroethical approaches. We argue that the normative (often principles-oriented) discussion about AI will benefit from further integration of conceptual analysis, including analysis of some operative assumptions, their meaning in different contexts, and their mutual relevance in order to avoid misplaced or disproportionate concerns and achieve a more realistic and useful approach to identifying and managing the emerging ethical issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores political drivers and policy process of the reform of the framework for Artificial Intelligence regulation and governance in the European Union (EU). Since 2017, the EU has been developing an integrated policy to tighten control and to ensure consumer protection and fundamental rights. This policy reform is theoretically interesting, raising the question of which conceptual approaches better explain it, and it is also empirically relevant, addressing the link between risk regulation and digital market integration in Europe. This paper explores the policy reform mainly by using two case study methods—process tracing and congruence procedure—using a variety of primary and secondary sources. It evaluates the analytical leverage of three theoretical frameworks and a set of derived testable hypotheses concerning the co-evolution of global economic competition, institutional structure, and policy preferences of domestic actors in shaping incremental approach to AI regulation in the EU. It is argued that all three are key drivers shaping the reform and explain the various stages of the policymaking process, namely problem definition, agenda-setting, and decision-making, as well as the main features of the outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2020 5(2), 1087-1097 | European Forum Insight of 20 September 2020 | (Table of Contents) I. Introduction. - I.1. AI and the need for a system of governance. - I.2. Introduction to AI and the risks it poses to fundamental rights. - II. An assessment of the Commission's concerns surrounding the EU's primary legal framework's suitability to address the risks posed by AI to fundamental rights. - III. An analysis of how well the GDPR addresses the challenges posed by AI to the fundamental rights of privacy, personal data protection, and non-discrimination. - IV. Conclusion. | (Abstract) In early 2020, the European Commission published a White Paper on artificial intelligence (AI) regulation, in which it highlighted the need to review the EU's legislative framework with a view to making it fit for the cur-rent technological developments. The aim of this Insight is to carry out such review from the perspective of fundamental rights. The Insight briefly assesses the Commission's concerns surrounding the suitability of the Union's primary legal framework to address the risks posed by AI. More specifically, the analysis is focused on the question concerning how well the GDPR addresses the challenges posed by AI to the fundamental rights of privacy, personal data protection, and non-discrimination - which are the three main intersections between AI and fundamental rights. The perspective adopted in the present study is particularly relevant because the need to regulate AI through the lens of fundamental rights law is still largely underdeveloped. Fundamental rights concerns are mainly triggered when the development and use of AI concern the processing of personal data and thus fall within the scope of application of the GDPR. In this Insight, it is argued that the GDPR is well equipped to disruptively challenge actual or potential undesirable uses and applications of AI but some deficiencies are also clearly visible. In particular, in relation to the concept of specific consent, the scope of the data subject's right to information, and on how best to conduct data protection impact assessments when it comes to guaranteeing a trustworthy fundamental rights compliance of the technology.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) regulatory and other governance mechanisms have only started to emerge and consolidate. Therefore, AI regulation, legislation, frameworks, and guidelines are presently fragmented, isolated, or co-exist in an opaque space between national governments, international bodies, corporations, practitioners, think-tanks, and civil society organisations. This article proposes a research design set up to address this problem by directly collaborating with targeted actors to identify principles for AI that are trustworthy, accountable, safe, fair, non-discriminatory, and which puts human rights and the social good at the centre of its approach. It proposes 21 interlinked substudies, focusing on the ethical judgements, empirical statements, and practical guidelines, which manufacture ethicopolitical visions and AI policies across four domains: seven tech corporations, seven governments, seven civil society actors, together with the analysis of online public debates. The proposed research design uses multiple research techniques: extensive mapping and studies of AI ethics policy documents and 120 interviews of key individuals, as well as assorted analyses of public feedback discussion loops on AI, employing digital methods on online communities specialising in AI debates. It considers novel conceptual interactions communicated across the globe, expands the regulatory, ethics, and technological foresight, both at the individual level (autonomy, identity, dignity, privacy, and data protection) and the societal level (fairness/equality, responsibility, accountability and transparency, surveillance/datafication, democracy and trust, collective humanity and the common good). By producing an innovative, intercontinental, multidisciplinary research design for an Ethical AI Standard, this article offers a concrete plan to search for the Holy Grail of Artificial Intelligence: Its Ethics.