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Original drawing of USSR President Leonid Brezhnev standing in front of an arsenal. He holds a garden hose and waters a flower with a peace symbol emerging from a cannon labeled "NATO." A spiderweb grows on the cannon.

Accuracy of global numerical weather prediction (NWP) models is highly dependent on initial atmospheric conditions and to a lesser extent on physical parameterizations. Generally, model error grows as a result of poor initial conditions. Limited area models (LAMs) have an additional source of error/variability from their lateral boundaries, forced from global models or other LAMs. Lateral boundary forcing can be a substantial source of error/variability for LAMs due to interpolation of coarse atmospheric data down to fine grids and high-resolution topography. Domain size has been identified as a way to control the spatial spin-up and internal variability of LAMs caused by lateral boundary conditions (LBCs). Previous research has found that larger LAM domains provide additional freedom for the model to create its own solution, whereas smaller domains are dominated by the forcing from the lateral boundaries. U.S. Army artillery uses LAM output to correct trajectories from standard atmosphere conditions to those of the current atmosphere. Sensitivity testing to the Weather Research and Forecasting model s LBCs over Europe is performed herein. Initial results from limited cases suggest modest difference between large and small domain experiments, except that the magnitude of error is a function of domain size., The original document contains color images.

"The French '75' was the most remarkable weapon in use during the war. In durability, rapidity and precision of fire, no other piece of artillery even approached it. American soldiers who used this weapon are enthusiastic in their appreciation of it. It is a marvelous piece of mechanism, perfected after years of effort. Germany knew of this weapon before the war, but even Germany, efficiency incarnate, failed to appreciate how efficient it would prove to be. Nor with all her spies and secret emissaries was she able to discover the secret of its mechanism. This secret lies in one small piece of the many that enter into the construction of this weapon, and was jealously guarded from all the world. Not until the war was well under way was this secret revealed, and then to a large plant in our country which, within a year, was turning out these guns by the thousand. Germany modeled a gun after its pattern, but it proved to be a much less effective piece of apparatus- somehow the German missed the 'soul' of the '75,' although he got the form. The gun before us is mounted on a circular platform so that it can command any point of the compass, and is camouflaged among the trees. See the row of shells lying ready to hand on the baseboard of the gun carriage; and the soldier further up, shell in hand, ready to pass it to the gunner, then follow it with others as fast as they can be fed into the gun. At the base of the gun carriage you sill see the wheels which run on the concrete rail, enabling the gun to point in any direction."--Taken from the back of resource

"This particular gun is not of the most modern type, for it has no mechanism for taking up the recoil of the barrel but must recoil on the whole carriage, which rolls back and then forward again on the big wedges made of plank which we see, so as not to be carried clear back into the mud by the force of each discharge. The French had many 155-mm guns of improved pattern and these, though of great power and range, were mobile enough to be classed as field artillery and were drawn about by tractors or horses almost as freely as the handy '75s.' To those who know but little about guns, the extremely short life comes as a matter of surprise. Guns are sometimes useless after 3 day's hard work. A three-inch gun is worn out by the firing of 3,000 rounds and a gun of larger caliber is useless after a fewer number of rounds have been fired. The guns are worn by the erosion of gases and by the copper bands on the shells. In the early part of the war when the opposing forces had reached the Marne, both sides had practically worn out their heavy caliber guns and used up their ammunition. They, therefore, dug in to await repairs and supplies. The allies at the close of the war were turning out heavy artillery three times as fast as the Germans. The United States alone expected to furnish at least 30,000 guns of all calibers, and in addition a reserve supply of an equal number of gun tubes."--Taken from back of resource

"Under the shelter of the embankment that runs alongside the plowed field you can see a battery of those monster field guns which by their incessant hammering on the German lines struck terror into the heart of the enemy and opened up the lanes that led to victory and peace. As you look at the muzzles poked over the edge of the ditch you can see the groups of attentive French soldiers who fed them, cared for them and loved them because of the tremendous part that they had in the battle that raged for years along the western front. These guns are along the Oise, a river in northern France more famous because of the blood of the soldiers that has been spilled along its banks than anything else. Night and day these thick throated fellows hurled their tons of metal and high explosive over and into the German lines. The shells weight over two hundred pounds and are filled with high explosive that sends a hurricane of splintered steel over the ground when they strike. They are the largest type of field gun that the French army used and were very difficult to move on account of their weight. In muddy soil and in a war of movement they would be practically useless."--Taken from back of resource

This field gun model is most likely of a 75mm field gun, though it could be a M1902. The country of manufacturing is named on the bottom of the field gun, "MADE IN U.S.A." The field gun has wheels that move.

Photograph shows two rows of artillery projectiles stacked together near a train painted in camouflage.

Photograph shows four men standing on top of a self-propelled artillery gun painted in camouflage. Several outbuildings can be seen in the background.

Photograph shows a frontal view of a railway artillery gun at the Aberdeen Proving Ground. Due to the angle of the photograph, determining the gun and mount with any degree of certainty is not possible. Additional sets of tracks and buildings are also visible.

Photograph shows a large artillery gun mounted to a railroad car. The entire structure is painted in camouflage patterns. The foreground is dirt with tire ruts.

Photograph shows ten soldiers posing with a cannon in front of a building.

A piece of a projectile from a 37 mm shell.

U.S. Army recruiting poster showing an officer standing with a soldier next to an artillery battery manned by two men at a fort.

This poster is a citation for Earl Gates Freese who was in the 25th division for the French military. The poster shows two soldiers standing on both sides of the certificate, which is in the center of the poster. The soldier on the left is in a more modern WWI uniform. The soldier on the right is in what appears to be a toga and is holding a sword. A scenic mountain can be seen in the background.