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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is India's second largest cause of death and is largely caused by smoking. Asymptomatic smokers develop COPD due to genetic, environmental, and molecular variables, making early screening crucial. Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) based-proteomics offers an unbiased method to analyze proteomic profiles. This study is the first to use DIA-based proteomics to analyze individual serum samples from three distinct male cohorts: healthy individuals ( n = 10), asymptomatic smokers ( n = 10), and COPD patients ( n = 10). This comprehensive approach identified 667 proteins with a 1% false discovery rate. Differentially expressed proteins included 40 in the normal versus asymptomatic comparison, 88 in the COPD versus normal comparison, and 40 in the COPD versus asymptomatic comparison. Among them, protein-associated genes such as PRDX6 , ELANE , PRKCSH , PRTN3 , and MNDA could help differentiate COPD from asymptomatic smokers, while ELANE , H3-3A , IGHE , SLC4A1 , and SERPINA11 could differentiate COPD from healthy subjects. Pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction analyses revealed significant alterations in hemostasis, immune system functions, fibrin clot formation, and post-translational protein modifications. Key proteins were validated using a parallel reaction monitoring assay. DIA data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD055242. Our findings reveal key protein classifiers in COPD patients, asymptomatic smokers, and healthy individuals, helping clinicians understand disease pathobiology and improve disease management and quality of life.

Introduction Smoking is a serious public health problem that leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Its harmful effects are more significantly seen in the respiratory system. Approximately 30% of smokers experience compromised lung functions. However, asymptomatic smokers exhibit alteration in lung morphology. This study will give us a better understanding of the respiratory damages that may occur in asymptomatic smokers and if we can delay or prevent the same by the simple practice of Pranayama and Om chanting. Materials and methods An interventional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary (SGT) University, Gurugram, Haryana, India. The study duration was eight weeks, and a total of 135 subjects, including both male and female participants aged between 18 and 25 years, were included in this study. Baseline recordings of anthropometric parameters, spirometric parameters like forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume (FEV) in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, forced expiratory flow (FEF) between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75%), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced inspiratory vital capacity (FIVC), peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) and for respiratory endurance - breath holding time at the end of inspiration (BHTi), breath holding time at the end of expiration (BHTe), 40 mmHg were recorded before the start of the study and again after eight weeks of alternate nostril breathing and om chanting performed for 10 minutes (5 minutes for each protocol). We also recorded nicotine dependence score with the help of Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). A comparison of spirometric parameters, respiratory endurance, and FTND was done using the paired t-test. Result All spirometric measures and respiratory endurance parameters showed significant increases, with the exception of FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FTND, which showed no significant improvement. Conclusion Pranayama and Om chanting were found to increase respiratory muscle endurance and support better utilization of the alveolo-bronchial tree, which may help in better oxygenation and delay in onset of the symptoms of COPD., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary (SGT) University issued approval IEC/FMHS/S/15/11/22-58. Institutional Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary (SGT) University had reviewed the research protocol title "Effect of Pranayam and Om Chanting on Pulmonary Functions and Respiratory Endurance in Healthy Adults and Asymptomatic Smokers", on 15th November 2022. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Chaudhary et al.)

Objective: To determine frequency of abnormal pulmonary function tests in asymptomatic smokers undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anesthesiology, Army Cardiac Center, Lahore, from Aug 2020 to Jan 2021. Methodology: Total 200 patients undergoing CABG surgery were included in the study with non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Patients 30-60 years of age who are smokers for at-least 10 years with smoking pack years of >5 and are active smokers or have quitted smoking for not more than 1month were included in study. These patients underwent pulmonary function tests by the staff certified in performing and interpreting these tests and their report results were included in data. Results: All patients were male. Mean age and body mass index were 51.78 ± 6.51 years and 26.12 ± 3.09 kg/m2 respectively. Mean smoking pack/years were 13.34 ± 4.18. Active smokers were 84% and those who had quitted but not >1 month were 16%. One hundred and twenty-seven patients (63.5%) had normal PFT's, 59 (29.5%) had mild obstruction, 14 (7%) had moderate obstruction with significant p-value. Conclusion: frequency of abnormal pulmonary function tests is statistically significant in asymptomatic smokers presenting for coronary artery bypass grafting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescent smokers are more likely to be addicted to nicotine and develop a chronic habit. Chronic smoking has a direct impact on quality of life and life expectancy. Repeated environmental exposure and smoke inhalation can be deleterious to health. In order to evaluate the core functioning of the lungs, Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) are conducted. This panel of tests should be advised for all patients complaining of shortness of breath. Since clinical features resulting from chronic smoking tend to appear late in the course of the disease, PFTs are immensely useful for early identification of abnormalities in asymptomatic adult smokers. Numerous studies have shown that normal PFT parameters begin to deteriorate immediately after smoking is initiated. However, most physicians prefer to wait for characteristic signs and symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) to develop before proceeding with PFTs in the patients. This leads to inadvertent and often dangerous delay in reaching a definitive diagnosis and initiating treatment. Therefore, we undertook this review to determine whether conducting PFTs in asymptomatic adult smokers can facilitate the early detection and/or prevention of COPD. We reviewed and analyzed articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, Index Medicus, WHO Global Health Library and Scopus, which specifically demonstrated the presence of abnormal PFT changes in asymptomatic adult smokers. With PFTs, we now have the advantage of diagnosing early changes in the lung volumes. Hence, we conclude that PFTs should be performed early in smokers and cessation of smoking should be encouraged to check the increasing incidence of COPD.

Adolescent smokers are more likely to be addicted to nicotine and develop a chronic habit. Chronic smoking has a direct impact on quality of life and life expectancy. Repeated environmental exposure and smoke inhalation can be deleterious to health. In order to evaluate the core functioning of the lungs, Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) are conducted. This panel of tests should be advised for all patients complaining of shortness of breath. Since clinical features resulting from chronic smoking tend to appear late in the course of the disease, PFTs are immensely useful for early identification of abnormalities in asymptomatic adult smokers. Numerous studies have shown that normal PFT parameters begin to deteriorate immediately after smoking is initiated. However, most physicians prefer to wait for characteristic signs and symptoms of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) to develop before proceeding with PFTs in the patients. This leads to inadvertent and often dangerous delay in reaching a definitive diagnosis and initiating treatment. Therefore, we undertook this review to determine whether conducting PFTs in asymptomatic adult smokers can facilitate the early detection and/or prevention of COPD. We reviewed and analyzed articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, Index Medicus, WHO Global Health Library and Scopus, which specifically demonstrated the presence of abnormal PFT changes in asymptomatic adult smokers. With PFTs, we now have the advantage of diagnosing early changes in the lung volumes. Hence, we conclude that PFTs should be performed early in smokers and cessation of smoking should be encouraged to check the increasing incidence of COPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were to investigate the early effects of smoking on ventilation function of the lungs of children and young adults, and to determine the suitable lung function tests that can be used for screening of this effect. Medical and personal questionnaires, spirometric tests for twelve different lung function indices as well as anthropometric measurements were conducted on 538 randomly selected asymptomatic subjects (134 smokers, 404 non-smokers).Smokers had significantly lower values for peripheral airway lung function tests compared to non-smokers and this is evident within a few years of initiating smoking. The number of cigarettes smoked per day was also significantly associated with decrease to these lung function parameters. Lung function tests suitable for screening were identified.The number of cigarettes and duration of smoking seem to interact to increase the insult on the peripheral airway function in children and young adults suggesting an irritant effect, probably mediated through an airway inflammation which starts at the periphery of the lungs. Lung function tests used here can be the early indicators of early changes in asymptomatic children and young adults and can be a valuable screening tool. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article evaluates a one-year program on smoking cessation. This program studies the differential effects of smoking cessation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and healthy subjects. This program was developed by the Foundation for Community Health and Smoking in the Netherlands. It was based on cognitive behavioral therapy in which aspects such as motivation and self-efficacy play an important role. The results of this study show a high cessation rates of 42 percent both in smokers with COPD or chronic bronchitis.

Background: Physicians do not routinely recommend smokers to undergo spirometry unless they are symptomatic., Objective: To test the hypothesis that there are a significant number of asymptomatic smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we estimated the prevalence of COPD in a group of asymptomatic smokers., Methods: Two thousand nine hundred and sixty-one smokers with a cumulative consumption history of at least 10 pack-years, either smokers with symptoms or smokers without symptoms (WOS) were invited to perform a spirometry and complete a symptom questionnaire., Results: Six hundred and thirty-seven (21.5%) smokers had no symptoms, whereas 2,324 (78.5%) had at least one symptom. The prevalence of COPD in subjects WOS was 1.5% when considering the whole group of smokers (45/2,961) and 7% when considering only the group WOS (45/637). From 329 smokers with COPD, 13.7% were WOS. Subjects WOS were younger, had better lung function and lower cumulative consumption of cigarettes, estimated as both cigarettes per day and pack-years. According to severity of airflow limitation, 69% vs 87% of subjects were classified as Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stages I-II in the WOS and smokers with symptoms groups, respectively (P<0.001). A multivariate analysis showed that forced expiratory volume in 1 second (mL) was the only predictive factor for COPD in asymptomatic smokers., Conclusion: Prevalence of COPD in asymptomatic smokers is 1.5%. This number of asymptomatic smokers may be excluded from the benefit of an "early" intervention, not just pharmacological but also from smoking cessation counseling. The higher forced expiratory volume in 1 second may contribute to prevent early diagnosis.