1,541 results on '"atmospheric pollutants"'
Search Results
2. Insight into radionuclide 235U deposition in multiple-environmental media in Muztagh Ata Glacier Basin of the eastern Pamirs
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Dong, Zhiwen, Jiao, Xiaoyu, Baccolo, Giovanni, Qin, Xiang, and Yan, Yan
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- 2025
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Catalog
3. Atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO): Boon or Bane for plant metabolism and development?
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Mukherjee, Soumya, Kalra, Geetika, and Bhatla, Satish C.
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- 2025
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4. Synthesis of high efficiency photocatalyst with periostracum layer from abalone shell to degrade toluene in confined spaces
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Wang, Wenjun, Wang, Jun, Shan, Shengdao, Chen, Jianmeng, Qu, Miaomiao, Lin, Fawei, Zhang, Liting, and Hou, Li’an
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- 2025
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5. Modeling the impacts of chemical substances and time delay to mitigate regional atmospheric pollutants and enhance rainfall
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Agrawal, Gauri, Agrawal, Alok Kumar, and Misra, A.K.
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- 2025
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6. Tyrosine nitration enhances the allergenic potential of house dust mite allergen Der p 2
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Li, Zhiqi, Tian, Jingyi, and Yang, Fangxing
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- 2024
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7. Prediction of atmospheric pollutants in urban environment based on coupled deep learning model and sensitivity analysis
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Wang, Siyuan, Ren, Ying, Xia, Bisheng, Liu, Kai, and Li, Huiming
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- 2023
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8. Biomonitoring of atmospheric heavy metals in native lichen Xanthoria parietina around Salda Lake (Burdur – Turkey), a special environmental protection area.
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Çobanoğlu, Gülşah and Kaan, Tuğçe
- Abstract
Exposure to air pollutants negatively affects human health as well as the ecosystem. The target study area, Salda Lake, which is a special environmental protection area with Turkey's and the world's geoheritage and unique natural values, has become one of the tourist attraction areas in recent years. However, quantitative data on airborne trace metals in the region remain poorly described. This study focuses on the spatial distribution of atmospheric heavy metals through lichen monitoring for the first time around Salda Lake. The concentration of airborne metals accumulated in Xanthoria parietina lichen thalli samples collected from 14 sites were evaluated by multi-element analysis with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The spatial distribution of toxic metals in the region was presented as separate pollution maps. Analysis data showed that Ni, Fe, Al, Cu and Zn accumulation levels in lichen thalli were significantly higher than reference. Visitor entrance, camping areas and the road line in the west and south of the lake were among the sample areas where metal contamination was evident. Due to the prevalence of chromium mineral deposits in the region, the high level of Cr content is also quite remarkable. It was concluded that Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the air are high enough to threaten human health and their levels vary depending on wind direction, human activities and traffic density. This study is important in terms of determining the level of air quality in this natural area and future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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9. Air Pollutant Concentration Forecasting with WTMP: Wavelet Transform-Based Multilayer Perceptron.
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Wang, Xiaoling, Tao, Liangzhao, Fu, Mingliang, and Wang, Qi
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AIR pollutants , *TIME series analysis , *PREDICTION models , *POLLUTANTS , *ACQUISITION of data - Abstract
Atmospheric pollutants' real-time changes and the internal interactions among various data make it challenging to efficiently predict concentration variations. In order to extract more information from the time series of pollutants and improve the accuracy of prediction models, we propose a type of Multilayer Perceptron model based on wavelet decomposition, named Wavelet Transform-based Multilayer Perceptron (WTMP) model. This model decomposes pollutant data through overlapping discrete wavelet transforms to extract non-stationarity and nonlinear dependencies in the time series. It combines the decomposed data with static covariate information such as data collection time and inputs them into an improved Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) model, reconstructing and outputting the prediction results. Finally, the model is validated using atmospheric pollutant data collected at a specific location in Ruian City, Zhejiang Province, China. The results indicate that the model performs well with minimal prediction errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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10. Assessment of Atmospheric Pollutants (NO2, CO, and Aerosols) in Kano State, Northwestern Nigeria, from 2019-2023.
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AMAECHI, C. F., IGBINOBA, Q. A., and OKODUWA, A. K.
- Abstract
Air pollution is a serious environmental concern, with evidence showing that both short and long- term exposure to gaseous pollutants negatively impacts the environment and human health. Kano State, one of Nigeria's largest industrial hubs, has experienced rapid population growth, deforestation, and industrialization, all of which have the potential to impact air quality. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate air quality in Kano State, Northwestern Nigeria, by analyzing atmospheric pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO
2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and aerosols from 2019 - 2023. The study utilizes secondary data accessed through Google Earth Engine, primarily sourced from the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite equipped with the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). Results indicate annual mean NO2 concentrations of 0.0000535 mol/m² (2019), 0.0000539 mol/m² (2021), and 0.0000592 mol/m² (2023). The mean CO concentrations for these years were 0.0373 mol/m², 0.0369 mol/m², and 0.0364 mol/m², respectively, while mean aerosol concentrations were -0.364, -0.060, and 0.596. Statistical analysis revealed no significant changes (p > 0.05) in NO2 and CO levels over the study period, whereas aerosol concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.001) from 2019 - 2023. These findings underscore the need for continuous air quality monitoring in Kano State to track pollutant trends and guide regulatory actions aimed at mitigating health and environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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11. Characterization of indoor airborne particulate matter and bioaerosols in wood-fired pizzeria kitchens
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Janaina Casado Rodrigues da Silva, Maria Clara dos Santos Lopes, Kátia Valéria Marques Cardoso Prates, Mauricio Cruz Mantoani, and Leila Droprinchinski Martins
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Atmospheric pollutants ,Bioaerosols ,Black Carbon ,Brown Carbon ,Biomass burning ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Abstract Indoor air quality can be affected by the presence of atmospheric pollutants, which impact severely in human health. The objectives were to show the characterization of particle number (PN0.3–PN2.5), particles mass (PM1.0, PM2.5, PM10), Black Carbon (BC), Brown Carbon (BrC) and bioaerosols (fungi and bacteria) in indoor environments of three pizzerias that have wood ovens as fuel at Londrina, Brazil. Mean Particle mass concentration varied amongst the pizzerias (28.9–42.4 µg m−3 for PM2.5) with the levels of BC and BrC reaching up to 42.9 µg m−3 and 29.4 µg m−3, respectively. These were correlated with the air ventilation of the place, the amount of wood burned, and service mode (e.g., all-can-eat). Furthermore, an average of 934 ± 404 CFU m−3 of bacteria was found in all places and Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosphialophora were the most important fungal genera found. Inside kitchens, the concentrations of PM2.5, BC, BrC, bacteria and fungi were 29.6, 3.0, 2.8 µg m−3, 876, and 1261 CFU m−3, with a mean ratio of BrC/PM2.5 of 0.06, that indicates this as a significant source for BrC. Finally, the concentrations of PM and bioaerosols found inside kitchens demonstrate pollution levels much higher than those recommended by national and international guidelines. Consequently, problems associated with poor indoor air quality will only be solved when adequate kitchen designs are considered. From the results of this work is possible to conclude that the building characteristics of kitchen and the burning process carried out are important factors for the concentrations of pollutants analyzed in the indoor air of wood-burning kitchens. more...
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- 2024
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12. Characterization of indoor airborne particulate matter and bioaerosols in wood-fired pizzeria kitchens.
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da Silva, Janaina Casado Rodrigues, dos Santos Lopes, Maria Clara, Prates, Kátia Valéria Marques Cardoso, Mantoani, Mauricio Cruz, and Martins, Leila Droprinchinski
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INDOOR air quality ,PARTICULATE matter ,BIOMASS burning ,FUELWOOD ,CARBON-black ,SOOT ,MICROBIOLOGICAL aerosols - Abstract
Indoor air quality can be affected by the presence of atmospheric pollutants, which impact severely in human health. The objectives were to show the characterization of particle number (PN
>0.3–PN 2.5 ), particles mass (PM1.0 , PM2.5 , PM10 ), Black Carbon (BC), Brown Carbon (BrC) and bioaerosols (fungi and bacteria) in indoor environments of three pizzerias that have wood ovens as fuel at Londrina, Brazil. Mean Particle mass concentration varied amongst the pizzerias (28.9–42.4 µg m−3 for PM2.5 ) with the levels of BC and BrC reaching up to 42.9 µg m−3 and 29.4 µg m−3 , respectively. These were correlated with the air ventilation of the place, the amount of wood burned, and service mode (e.g., all-can-eat). Furthermore, an average of 934 ± 404 CFU m−3 of bacteria was found in all places and Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosphialophora were the most important fungal genera found. Inside kitchens, the concentrations of PM2.5 , BC, BrC, bacteria and fungi were 29.6, 3.0, 2.8 µg m−3 , 876, and 1261 CFU m−3 , with a mean ratio of BrC/PM2.5 of 0.06, that indicates this as a significant source for BrC. Finally, the concentrations of PM and bioaerosols found inside kitchens demonstrate pollution levels much higher than those recommended by national and international guidelines. Consequently, problems associated with poor indoor air quality will only be solved when adequate kitchen designs are considered. From the results of this work is possible to conclude that the building characteristics of kitchen and the burning process carried out are important factors for the concentrations of pollutants analyzed in the indoor air of wood-burning kitchens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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13. Emission Rate Estimation of Industrial Air Pollutant Emissions Based on Mobile Observation.
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Cui, Xinlei, Yu, Qi, Ma, Weichun, and Zhang, Yan
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EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *AIR pollution monitoring , *EMISSION inventories , *AIR analysis , *ATMOSPHERIC models - Abstract
Mobile observation has been widely used in the monitoring of air pollution. However, studies on pollution sources and emission characteristics based on mobile navigational observation are rarely reported in the literature. A method for quantitative source analysis for industrial air pollutant emissions based on mobile observations is introduced in this paper. NOx pollution identified in mobile observations is used as an example of the development of the method. A dispersion modeling scheme that fine-tuned the meteorological parameters according to the actual meteorological conditions was adopted to minimize the impact of uncertainties in meteorological conditions on the accuracy of small-scale dispersion modeling. The matching degree between simulated and observed concentrations was effectively improved through this optimization search. In response to the efficiency requirements of source resolution for multiple sources, a random search algorithm was first used to generate candidate solution samples, and then the solution samples were evaluated and optimized. Meanwhile, the new index S m a t c h was established to evaluate the quality of candidate samples, considering both numerical error and spatial distribution error of concentration, in order to address the non-uniqueness of the solution in the multi-source problem. Then, the necessity of considering the spatial distribution error of concentration is analyzed with the case study. The average values of NOx emission rates for the two study cases were calculated as 69.8 g/s and 70.8 g/s. The S m a t c h scores were 0.92–0.97 and 0.92–0.99. The results were close to the online monitoring data, and this kind of pollutant emission monitoring based on the mobile observation experiment was initially considered feasible. Additional analysis and clarifications were provided in the discussion section on the impact of uncertainties in meteorological conditions, the establishment of a priori emission inventories, and the interpretation of inverse calculation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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14. Assessment of Atmospheric Pollutants (NO₂, CO, and Aerosols) in Kano State, Northwestern Nigeria, from 2019 - 2023
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C. F. Amaechi, Q. A. Igbinoba, and A. K. Okoduwa
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Air quality ,Atmospheric Pollutants ,NO₂ ,CO ,Aerosols ,environmental impact ,Science - Abstract
Air pollution is a serious environmental concern, with evidence showing that both short and long-term exposure to gaseous pollutants negatively impacts the environment and human health. Kano State, one of Nigeria’s largest industrial hubs, has experienced rapid population growth, deforestation, and industrialization, all of which have the potential to impact air quality. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate air quality in Kano State, Northwestern Nigeria, by analyzing atmospheric pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and aerosols from 2019 - 2023. The study utilizes secondary data accessed through Google Earth Engine, primarily sourced from the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite equipped with the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). Results indicate annual mean NO₂ concentrations of 0.0000535 mol/m² (2019), 0.0000539 mol/m² (2021), and 0.0000592 mol/m² (2023). The mean CO concentrations for these years were 0.0373 mol/m², 0.0369 mol/m², and 0.0364 mol/m², respectively, while mean aerosol concentrations were -0.364, -0.060, and 0.596. Statistical analysis revealed no significant changes (p > 0.05) in NO₂ and CO levels over the study period, whereas aerosol concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.001) from 2019 - 2023. These findings underscore the need for continuous air quality monitoring in Kano State to track pollutant trends and guide regulatory actions aimed at mitigating health and environmental impact. more...
- Published
- 2024
15. Residues of atrazine and diuron in rice straw, soils, and air post herbicide-contaminated straw biomass burning
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Suteekan Lamnoi, Thirasant Boonupara, Sulak Sumitsawan, Patipat Vongruang, Tippawan Prapamontol, Patchimaporn Udomkun, and Puangrat Kaewlom
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Open burning ,Soil pollution ,Atmospheric pollutants ,Biomass ,Air pollution ,PM10 ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract This study investigates the environmental impact of burning herbicide-contaminated biomass, focusing on atrazine (ATZ) and diuron (DIU) sprayed on rice straw prior to burning. Samples of soil, biomass residues, total suspended particulate (TSP), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm (PM10), and aerosols were collected and analyzed. Soil analysis before and after burning contaminated biomass showed significant changes, with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) initially constituting 79.2% and decreasing by 3.3 times post-burning. Atrazine-desethyl, sebuthylazine, and terbuthylazine were detected post-burning. In raw rice straw biomass, terbuthylazine dominated at 80.0%, but burning ATZ-contaminated biomass led to the detection of atrazine-desethyl and notable increases in sebuthylazine and terbuthylazine. Conversely, burning DIU-contaminated biomass resulted in a shift to 2,4-D dominance. Analysis of atmospheric components showed changes in TSP, PM10, and aerosol samples. Linuron in ambient TSP decreased by 1.6 times after burning ATZ-contaminated biomass, while atrazine increased by 2.9 times. Carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), increased by approximately 9.9 to 13.9 times after burning ATZ-contaminated biomass. In PM10, BaA and BaP concentrations increased by approximately 11.4 and 19.0 times, respectively, after burning ATZ-contaminated biomass. This study sheds light on the environmental risks posed by burning herbicide-contaminated biomass, emphasizing the need for sustainable agricultural practices and effective waste management. The findings underscore the importance of regulatory measures to mitigate environmental contamination and protect human health. more...
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- 2024
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16. Assessing Tunisia's urban air quality using combined lichens and Sentinel-5 satellite integration.
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MENDILI, Mohamed, SELLAMI, Zahra, SOMAI, Rania, and KHADHRI, Ayda
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AIR pollutants ,AIR quality ,ENVIRONMENTAL quality ,AIR quality management ,LICHENS ,AIR pollution ,URBAN pollution - Abstract
In Tunisia, urban air pollution is becoming a bigger problem. This study used a combined strategy of biomonitoring with lichens and satellite mapping with Sentinel-5 satellite data processed in Google Earth Engine (GEE) to assess the air quality over metropolitan Tunis. Lichen diversity was surveyed across the green spaces of the Faculty of Science of Tunisia sites, revealing 15 species with a predominance of pollution-tolerant genera. The Index of Atmospheric Purity (IAP) calculated from the lichen data indicated poor air quality. Spatial patterns of pollutants sulfur dioxide (SO
2 ), ozone (O3 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and aerosol index across Greater Tunis were analyzed from Sentinel-5 datasets on the GEE platform. The higher values of these indices in the research area indicate that it may be impacted by industrial activity and highlight the considerable role that vehicle traffic plays in air pollution. The results of the IAP, IBL, and the combined ground-based biomonitoring and satellite mapping techniques confirm poor air quality and an environment affected by atmospheric pollutants which will enable proactive air quality management strategies to be put in place in Tunisia's rapidly expanding cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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17. Biological Monitoring of Air Pollutants
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Onwudiegwu, Chinwe A., Sylva, Ligeiaziba, Aigberua, Ayobami O., Hait, Milan, Barceló, Damià, Series Editor, Kostianoy, Andrey G., Series Editor, Garrigues, Philippe, Editorial Board Member, de Boer, Jacob, Editorial Board Member, Hutzinger, Otto, Founding Editor, Gu, Ji-Dong, Editorial Board Member, Jones, Kevin C., Editorial Board Member, Negm, Abdelazim M., Editorial Board Member, Newton, Alice, Editorial Board Member, Verlicchi, Paola, Editorial Board Member, Wagner, Stephan, Editorial Board Member, Rocha-Santos, Teresa, Editorial Board Member, Picó, Yolanda, Editorial Board Member, Izah, Sylvester Chibueze, editor, Ogwu, Matthew Chidozie, editor, and Shahsavani, Abbas, editor more...
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- 2024
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18. Crop residue burning in China (2019–2021): Spatiotemporal patterns, environmental impact, and emission dynamics
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Qiancheng Lv, Zeyu Yang, Ziyue Chen, Manchun Li, Bingbo Gao, Jing Yang, Xiao Chen, and Bing Xu
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Crop residue burning ,Atmospheric pollutants ,NSMC-Himawari-8 ,Lagging effects ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
Crop residue burning (CRB) is a major contributor to air pollution in China. Current fire detection methods, however, are limited by either temporal resolution or accuracy, hindering the analysis of CRB's diurnal characteristics. Here we explore the diurnal spatiotemporal patterns and environmental impacts of CRB in China from 2019 to 2021 using the recently released NSMC-Himawari-8 hourly fire product. Our analysis identifies a decreasing directionality in CRB distribution in the Northeast and a notable southward shift of the CRB center, especially in winter, averaging an annual southward movement of 7.5°. Additionally, we observe a pronounced skewed distribution in daily CRB, predominantly between 17:00 and 20:00. Notably, nighttime CRB in China for the years 2019, 2020, and 2021 accounted for 51.9%, 48.5%, and 38.0% respectively, underscoring its significant environmental impact. The study further quantifies the hourly emissions from CRB in China over this period, with total emissions of CO, PM10, and PM2.5 amounting to 12,236, 2,530, and 2,258 Gg, respectively. Our findings also reveal variable lag effects of CRB on regional air quality and pollutants across different seasons, with the strongest impacts in spring and more immediate effects in late autumn. This research provides valuable insights for the regulation and control of diurnal CRB before and after large-scale agricultural activities in China, as well as the associated haze and other pollution weather conditions it causes. more...
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- 2024
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19. Performance modification of an acid gas incinerator to reduce atmospheric pollutants impact: Energy management, HAZOP and LCA analyses
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Mohammad Kazem Shahbazinasab, Mohammad Reza Rahimpour, Payam Setoodeh, Hamed Peyrovedin, and Nargess Kargari
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Acid gas incinerator ,Performance modification ,Atmospheric pollutants ,HAZOP ,Energy management systems ,Life cycle assessment ,Environmental pollution ,TD172-193.5 ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Abstract
In today's industrial landscape, energy management, process modification, and reduction of atmospheric concentrations of pollutants and safety risks have become paramount. This focus is driven by the need to address environmental concerns, economic efficiency, and the global energy and climate change crisis. In gas refineries, incinerators are widely used to convert deadly and environmentally polluting acid gases into less hazardous gases. Therefore, improving incinerator performance can significantly impact environmental, economic, and energy aspects. According to the results of an energy management study at the domestic gas processing plant, the acid gas incineration unit was identified as a significant energy use. Therefore, based on the effects of the performance of this incinerator from environmental and energy points of view, the mentioned unit was prioritized for modification in this work. For this purpose, incinerator performance was assessed using Promax simulation, and Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) analysis was employed to identify potential hazards. The simulations revealed that acid gas residence time was 0.81s, longer than the 0.6s initial design with the damper in place. This suggests damper removal is feasible. Removing the damper reduces residence time and lowers incinerator temperature, especially during startup. Therefore, temperature was considered as the keyword in the HAZOP study, and a number of recommendations were proposed to eliminate or mitigate the risks of system modification. Furthermore, the assistance of results obtained from energy management based on ISO 50001:2018 standards confirm improvements in energy efficiency and fuel consumption, which have positive economic and environmental impacts. Moreover, the study employs a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach using SimaPro Software 9.5.0.1 and the CML-baseline method (Centrum voor Milieukunde Leiden) for environmental impact assessment. The results reveal that, across ten environmental impact categories, the modified project exhibits significantly reduced environmental impacts compared to its original state. more...
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- 2024
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20. Study of Atmospheric Pollutants Concentration Correlation with Meteorological Quantities in Bandar Abbas
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Marziyeh Sisipoor, Mehdi Rahnama, Saviz Sehat Kashani, Noshin Khodam, faezeh noori, and Sajad Qahramani
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atmospheric pollutants ,bandar abbas ,meteorological values ,air pollution ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Abstract
Air pollution and its pollutants affect human health and the environment. Knowing the factors contributing to air pollution is crucial in mitigating its impacts on industrial cities. Therefore, evaluating atmospheric pollutants concentration correlation with meteorological quantities in Bandar Abbas is considered as the main purpose of this study special economic zone. During a statistical period of one year, data from the Bandar Abbas synoptic weather station was utilized, which included measurements of wind, temperature, pressure, relative humidity, horizontal visibility, and concentration of atmospheric pollutants from the station located in the Bandar Abbas. Behavioral studies were conducted to investigate the correlation between pollutants and meteorological quantities seasonally, monthly, and daily. Also, by calculating the air quality index, the daily status of the air quality and pollutant index was determined. In general, the results of this study showed that the main reason of urban pollution in Bandar Abbas city was the abundance of two particulate pollutants, PM10 and PM2.5, and these conditions are also dependent on the weather systems and climatic conditions of the region. The daily average correlation analysis of PM10 pollutant showed that on a daily scale, this pollutant had a significant and positive relationship with wind speed and a significant and inverse relationship with relative humidity and horizontal visibility. PM2.5 pollutant showed an inverse and significant relationship with temperature and horizontal visibility more...
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- 2024
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21. Longitudinal Study of Air Pollutants in Indian Metropolises: Seasonal Patterns and Urban Variability
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Sharma, Manish, Singh, Karan, Gautam, Alok Sagar, and Gautam, Sneha
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- 2024
- Full Text
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22. Snow dumping station – A considerable source of tyre wear, microplastics, and heavy metal pollution
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Rupa Chand, Ieva Putna-Nīmane, Elina Vecmane, Jeanette Lykkemark, Jytte Dencker, Asbjørn Haaning Nielsen, Jes Vollertsen, and Fan Liu
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Microplastic ,Tyre wear particles ,Heavy metals ,Snow dumping station ,Atmospheric pollutants ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Snow dumping stations can be a hotspots for pollutants to water resources. However, little is known about the amount of microplastics including tyre wear particles transported this way. This study investigated microplastics and metals in snow from four snow dumping stations in Riga, Latvia, a remote site (Gauja National Park), and a roof top in Riga. Microplastics other than tyre wear particles were identified with Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) (>500 µm) and focal plane array based micro-Fourier Transform Infrared (FPA-µFTIR) imaging (10–500 µm), tyre wear particles by Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (Py-GC–MS), and total metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma with Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Microplastics detected by FTIR were quantified by particle counts and their mass estimated, while tyre wear particles were quantified by mass. The concentrations varied substantially, with the highest levels in the urban areas. Microplastic concentrations measured by FTIR ranged between 26 and 2549 counts L−1 of melted snow with a corresponding estimated mass of 19–573 µg/L. Tyre wear particles were not detected at the two reference sites, while other sites held 44–3026 µg/L. Metal concentrations varied several orders of magnitude with for example sodium in the range 0.45–819.54 mg/L and cadmium in the range 0.05–0.94 µg/L. Correlating microplastic measured by FTIR to metal content showed a weak to moderate correlation. Tyre wear particles, however, correlated strongly to many of the metals. The study showed that snow can hold considerable amounts of these pollutants, which upon melting and release of the meltwater to the aquatic environment could impact receiving waters. more...
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- 2024
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23. Multi-Site Air Quality Index Forecasting Based on Spatiotemporal Distribution and PatchTST-Enhanced: Evidence From Hebei Province in China
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Wenyi Cao, Rufei Zhang, and Wenxin Cao
- Subjects
Air quality forecast ,atmospheric pollutants ,spatiotemporal distribution ,PatchTST-enhanced ,deep learning ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Efficient and accurate air quality forecasting contributes significantly to environmental governance, health promotion, and the development of smart cities. However, few existing models can achieve multi-scale feature fusion and long sequence time series modeling in the prediction process. This study proposes a PatchTST-Enhanced model for multi-site air quality forecasting based on spatiotemporal distribution. It uses daily air quality data from 11 prefecture-level cities in Hebei Province from December 2, 2013, to October 12, 2023, to train the model. The new model demonstrates robust performance in Hebei’s air quality forecasting (PreLen =96: MSE =0.5408, MAE =0.5408, RSE =0.5408; PreLen =192: MSE =0.2795, MAE =0.2795, RSE =0.2795; PreLen =336: MSE =0.6779, MAE =0.6779, RSE =0.6779; PreLen =720: MSE =0.6779, MAE =0.6779, RSE =0.6779), and the prediction accuracy has been significantly improved compared to both the pre-optimization model and other existing models. The PatchTST-Enhanced outperforms the PatchTST and improves it through four optimization modules: CGAttention, SiLU activation, AdamW optimizer, and SmoothL1 Loss function. By incorporating spatiotemporal features, the PatchTST-Enhanced can address the challenge of combining spatial and large temporal scales in air quality forecasting. The results provide critical information to protect health and improve the environment for the public. more...
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- 2024
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24. Elevated tropospheric ozone and crop production: potential negative effects and plant defense mechanisms.
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Nowroz, Farzana, Hasanuzzaman, Mirza, Siddika, Ayesha, Parvin, Khursheda, Caparros, Pedro Garcia, Nahar, Kamrun, and Prasad, P. V. Vara
- Subjects
PLANT defenses ,TROPOSPHERIC ozone ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,CROP improvement ,CROP losses ,PLANT nutrients - Abstract
Ozone (O
3 ) levels on Earth are increasing because of anthropogenic activities and natural processes. Ozone enters plants through the leaves, leading to the overgeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mesophyll and guard cell walls. ROS can damage chloroplast ultrastructure and block photosynthetic electron transport. Ozone can lead to stomatal closure and alter stomatal conductance, thereby hindering carbon dioxide (CO2 ) fixation. Ozone-induced leaf chlorosis is common. All of these factors lead to a reduction in photosynthesis under O3 stress. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of O3 disrupts plant physiological processes, including water and nutrient uptake, respiration, and translocation of assimilates and metabolites. As a result, plant growth and reproductive performance are negatively affected. Thus, reduction in crop yield and deterioration of crop quality are the greatest effects of O3 stress on plants. Increased rates of hydrogen peroxide accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and ion leakage are the common indicators of oxidative damage in plants exposed to O3 stress. Ozone disrupts the antioxidant defense system of plants by disturbing enzymatic activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant content. Improving photosynthetic pathways, various physiological processes, antioxidant defense, and phytohormone regulation, which can be achieved through various approaches, have been reported as vital strategies for improving O3 stress tolerance in plants. In plants, O3 stress can be mitigated in several ways. However, improvements in crop management practices, CO2 fertilization, using chemical elicitors, nutrient management, and the selection of tolerant crop varieties have been documented to mitigate O3 stress in different plant species. In this review, the responses of O3 -exposed plants are summarized, and different mitigation strategies to decrease O3 stress-induced damage and crop losses are discussed. Further research should be conducted to determine methods to mitigate crop loss, enhance plant antioxidant defenses, modify physiological characteristics, and apply protectants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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25. Identifying decadal trends in deweathered concentrations of criteria air pollutants in Canadian urban atmospheres with machine learning approaches.
- Author
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Xiaohong Yao and Leiming Zhang
- Abstract
This study investigates long-term trends of criteria air pollutants, including NO2, CO, SO2, O3 and PM2.5, and (NO2+O3) measured in ten Canadian cities during the last two to three decades and associated driving forces in terms of emission reductions, perturbations from varying weather conditions and large-scale wildfires, and changes in O3 sources and sinks. Two machine-learning methods, including random forest algorithm and boosted regression trees, were used to extract deweathered mixing ratios (or mass concentrations) of the pollutants. The Mann-Kendall analysis of the deweathered and original annual average concentrations of the pollutants showed that, on the time scale of 20 years or longer, the perturbation from varying weather conditions exerted a very minor influence on the decadal trends of original annual averages (within 2%) in ~70% of the cases, and a moderate influence up to 16% of the original trends in the other 30% cases. NO2, CO and SO2 showed decreasing trends in the last two to three decades in all the cities except CO in Montreal. O3 showed increasing trends in all the cities, except Halifax, mainly due to weakened titration reaction between O3 and NO. (NO2+O3), however, showed decreasing trends in all the cities, except Victoria, because the increase in O3 is much less than the decrease in NO2. In three of the five eastern Canadian cities, emission reductions dominated the decreasing trends in PM2.5, but no significant trends in PM2.5 were observed in the other two cites. In five western Canadian cities, increasing or no significant trends in PM2.5 were observed, likely due to unpredictable large-scale wildfires overwhelming or balancing the impacts of emission reductions on PM2.5. In addition, despite improving air quality during the last two decades in most cities, air quality health index of above 10 (representing very high-risk condition) still occasionally occurred after 2010 in western Canadian cities because of the increased large-scale wildfires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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26. Spatiotemporal Variability of Urban Air Pollution in Bucharest City.
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Ilie, Alexandru, Vasilescu, Jeni, Talianu, Camelia, Iojă, Cristian, and Nemuc, Anca
- Subjects
- *
URBAN pollution , *AIR pollutants , *AIR quality monitoring , *AIR pollution , *URBAN health , *PARTICULATE matter , *NITROGEN dioxide - Abstract
Urban air pollution is one of the major challenges that cities around the world face. Particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other pollutants are many times over the recommended airborne exposure, generating a strong impact on human health and city well-being. Considering Bucharest as a case study, this study aimed to investigate the patterns of particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide concentrations. Multiyear data from the Romanian National Air Quality Monitoring Network were used to investigate spatial and temporal variability. All air pollutants presented a typical bimodal trend during the day, with specific double peaks corresponding to the morning rush hours and nighttime. Spatial variability in NO 2 concentrations was observed, with almost double the concentration values in the city center during midday compared with those for the background and industrial areas. A weekly pattern of PM was noticed, with lower concentrations during the weekends in comparison with those during weekdays, more pronounced in the case of PM 10 compared with the case of PM 2.5 . The fine particle fraction presented monthly and seasonal variability, with higher levels during the cold months compared with the warm months, mainly corresponding to the increased household heating. The estimated proportion of mortality attributable to annual exposure to an air PM 2.5 above 5 μ g/m 3 in Bucharest ranged between 7.55% and 8.26%, with the maximum from 2021. By contrast, the estimated proportion of mortality attributable to PM 10 and NO 2 above 10 μ g/m 3 was significantly lower, with values around 4%. The results are useful in supporting environmental planning measures to decrease urban air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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27. Association between ambient air pollution exposure in pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndrome in Nanjing, China.
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Hu, Bimei, Xu, Linjie, Yang, Xu, Qu, Shiwen, Wu, Lan, Sun, Yumei, Yan, Jun, Zhang, Yexiao, Yu, Zhaoer, Wang, Yixiao, and Jia, Ruizhe
- Subjects
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID syndrome ,AIR pollution ,PREGNANT women ,LOW birth weight ,AIR pollutants ,GRANULOCYTES - Abstract
Antenatal exposure to air pollutants is thought to be associated with a variety of maternal blood markers as well as adverse birth outcomes. However, the dysgenic influence of air pollutants on the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in mothers and their pregnancy outcomes remains unclear. In the current study, 371 mother-infant pairs (189 healthy: 182 APS) from Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital as well as air pollutants concentration from their living environment were used to investigate correlations between air pollution with maternal blood indicators and fetal birth weight in the groups of APS and healthy mothers. Generalized linear model was used to evaluate the contributions of air pollutant exposure during pregnancy to the blood indicators variation. The relationships between birth weight with specific air pollutant and blood index were analyzed using ridge regression. Results showed that APS fetal birth weight was significantly impacted by air pollutant exposure during pregnancy, in particular, the birth weight decreased significantly along with increasing fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM
2.5 ) and fine particulate matter 10 (PM10 ) exposure concentrations throughout pregnancy. In contrast, birth weight increased significantly with sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) exposure. In addition, APS-related blood indicators comprised of platelet distribution width (PDW), total bilirubin (TBIL), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-larger cell ratio (P_LCR), homocysteine (HCY), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin (DBIL), basophilic granulocyte (BAS), platelet thrombocytocrit (PCT), preprandial glucose levels (OGTT0), monocytes (MON), and monocytes ratio (MON_ratio) were also strongly related with prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 , in which PDW levels showed most strongly negative impaction on fetal birth weight. Together, we showed that prenatal exposure to air pollutant (PM2.5 and PM10 ) may exacerbate the poor birth outcomes of low birth weight by impacting APS maternal blood indicators especially for PDW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2023
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28. Visualization Models Applied to Atmospheric Pollutants and Meteorological Variables: A Systematic Literature Review
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Patiño-León, Andrés, Bermeo, Alexandra, Orellana, Marcos, Piña-Mejía, Edisson Andrés, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Maldonado-Mahauad, Jorge, editor, Herrera-Tapia, Jorge, editor, Zambrano-Martínez, Jorge Luis, editor, and Berrezueta, Santiago, editor more...
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- 2023
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29. Empirical study on value added environment centric uses of mulberry crop
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Bhat, Aina and Hamid, Naveed
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- 2023
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30. Elevated tropospheric ozone and crop production: potential negative effects and plant defense mechanisms
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Farzana Nowroz, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Ayesha Siddika, Khursheda Parvin, Pedro Garcia Caparros, Kamrun Nahar, and P.V. Vara Prasad
- Subjects
abiotic stress ,antioxidants ,atmospheric pollutants ,oxidative stress ,photosynthesis ,prooxidant ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Ozone (O3) levels on Earth are increasing because of anthropogenic activities and natural processes. Ozone enters plants through the leaves, leading to the overgeneration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mesophyll and guard cell walls. ROS can damage chloroplast ultrastructure and block photosynthetic electron transport. Ozone can lead to stomatal closure and alter stomatal conductance, thereby hindering carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation. Ozone-induced leaf chlorosis is common. All of these factors lead to a reduction in photosynthesis under O3 stress. Long-term exposure to high concentrations of O3 disrupts plant physiological processes, including water and nutrient uptake, respiration, and translocation of assimilates and metabolites. As a result, plant growth and reproductive performance are negatively affected. Thus, reduction in crop yield and deterioration of crop quality are the greatest effects of O3 stress on plants. Increased rates of hydrogen peroxide accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and ion leakage are the common indicators of oxidative damage in plants exposed to O3 stress. Ozone disrupts the antioxidant defense system of plants by disturbing enzymatic activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant content. Improving photosynthetic pathways, various physiological processes, antioxidant defense, and phytohormone regulation, which can be achieved through various approaches, have been reported as vital strategies for improving O3 stress tolerance in plants. In plants, O3 stress can be mitigated in several ways. However, improvements in crop management practices, CO2 fertilization, using chemical elicitors, nutrient management, and the selection of tolerant crop varieties have been documented to mitigate O3 stress in different plant species. In this review, the responses of O3-exposed plants are summarized, and different mitigation strategies to decrease O3 stress-induced damage and crop losses are discussed. Further research should be conducted to determine methods to mitigate crop loss, enhance plant antioxidant defenses, modify physiological characteristics, and apply protectants. more...
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- 2024
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31. Gas Sensing and Half-Metallic Materials Design Using Metal Embedded into S Vacancies in WS 2 Monolayers: Adsorption of NO, CO, and O 2 Molecules.
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Rangel-Cortes, Eduardo, Garcia-Islas, José Pablo, Gutierrez-Rodriguez, Josue, Montes de Oca, Saul, Garcia-Gonzalez, José Andres, Nieto-Jalil, José Manuel, and Miralrio, Alan
- Subjects
- *
MOLECULES , *ADSORPTION (Chemistry) , *GOLD clusters , *COPPER , *DENSITY functional theory , *ACTIVATION energy , *MONOMOLECULAR films - Abstract
The adsorption of CO, NO, and O2 molecules onto Cu, Ag, and Au atoms placed in the S vacancies of a WS2 monolayer was elucidated within dispersion-corrected density functional theory. The binding energies computed for embedded defects into S vacancies were 2.99 (AuS), 2.44 (AgS), 3.32 eV (CuS), 3.23 (Au2S2), 2.55 (Ag2S2), and 3.48 eV/atom (Cu2S2), respectively. The calculated diffusion energy barriers from an S vacancy to a nearby site for Cu, Ag, and Au were 2.29, 2.18, and 2.16 eV, respectively. Thus, the substitutional atoms remained firmly fixed at temperatures above 700 K. Similarly, the adsorption energies showed that nitric oxide and carbon oxide molecules exhibited stronger chemisorption than O2 molecules on any of the metal atoms (Au, Cu, or Ag) placed in the S vacancies of the WS2 monolayer. Therefore, the adsorption of O2 did not compete with NO or CO adsorption and did not displace them. The density of states showed that a WS2 monolayer modified with a Cu, Au, or Ag atom could be used to design sensing devices, based on electronic or magnetic properties, for atmospheric pollutants. More interestingly, the adsorption of CO changed only the electronic properties of the MoS2-AuS monolayer, which could be used for sensing applications. In contrast, the O2 molecule was chemisorbed more strongly than CO or NO on Au2S2, Cu2S2, or Ag2S2 placed into di-S vacancies. Thus, if the experimental system is exposed to air, the low quantities of O2 molecules present should result in the oxidation of the metallic atoms. Furthermore, the O2 molecules adsorbed on WS2-Au2S2 and WS2-CuS introduced a half-metallic behavior, making the system suitable for applications in spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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32. Fire‐Pollutant‐Atmosphere Components and Its Impact on Mortality in Portugal During Wildfire Seasons.
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de Souza Fernandes Duarte, Ediclê, Salgueiro, Vanda, Costa, Maria João, Lucio, Paulo Sérgio, Potes, Miguel, Bortoli, Daniele, and Salgado, Rui
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AIR pollutants ,MULTIVARIATE analysis ,CHRONIC obstructive pulmonary disease ,WILDFIRES ,PRINCIPAL components analysis ,PARTICULATE matter - Abstract
This study analyzed fire‐pollutant‐meteorological variables and their impact on cardio‐respiratory mortality in Portugal during wildfire season. Data of burned area, particulate matter with a diameter of 10 or 2.5 μm (μm) or less (PM10, PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, aerosol optical depth and mortality rates of Circulatory System Disease (CSD), Respiratory System Disease (RSD), Pneumonia (PNEU), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Asthma (ASMA), were used. Only the months of 2011–2020 wildfire season (June–July–August–September‐October) with a burned area greater than 1,000 ha were considered. Principal component analysis was used on fire‐pollutant‐meteorological variables to create two indices called Pollutant‐Burning Interaction (PBI) and Atmospheric‐Pollutant Interaction (API). PBI was strongly correlated with the air pollutants and burned area while API was strongly correlated with temperature and relative humidity, and O3. Cluster analysis applied to PBI‐API divided the data into two Clusters. Cluster 1 included colder and wetter months and higher NO2 concentration. Cluster 2 included warmer and dried months, and higher PM10, PM2.5, CO, and O3 concentrations. The clusters were subjected to Principal Component Linear Regression to better understand the relationship between mortality and PBI‐API indices. Cluster 1 showed statistically significant (p‐value < 0.05) correlation (r) between RSDxPBI (rRSD = 0.58) and PNEUxPBI (rPNEU = 0.67). Cluster 2 showed statistically significant correlations between RSDxPBI (rRSD = 0.48), PNEUxPBI (rPNEU = 0.47), COPDxPBI (rCOPD = 0.45), CSDxAPI (rCSD = 0.70), RSDxAPI (rCSD = 0.71), PNEUxAPI (rPNEU = 0.49), and COPDxAPI (rPNEU = 0.62). Cluster 2 analysis indicates that the warmest, driest, and most polluted months of the wildfire season were associated with cardio‐respiratory mortality. Plain Language Summary: Aiming to enhance the knowledge of the effects of fire‐pollutants‐meteorological variables on health outcomes, this study evaluates how the combination of multiple hazards impact on the Portugal Continental's population mortality during the fire seasons of 2011–2020. The association between five cause‐specific cardio‐respiratory mortality and Pollutant‐Atmospheric variables during wildfire seasons in Portugal were investigated through multivariate statistical analysis. To this end, data of ambient atmospheric pollutants, meteorological variables, burned area, and mortality were used for exposure assessment. Through multivariate statistical methods it was found that in months with low‐relative humidity, high‐temperature, high‐pollution concentrations and high‐wildfire activities, the incidence of cardio‐respiratory mortality was higher. Key Points: Combining fire‐pollutant‐meteorological data can be an effective way to understand how these combined hazards can affect health outcomesThe hottest, driest, and most polluted months of the fire season were associated with higher cardio‐respiratory mortalityColder and wetter months within the wildfire season were not associated with increased or decreased cardio‐respiratory mortality [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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33. Trace Elements Concentrations in Urban Air in Helsinki, Finland during a 44-Year Period.
- Author
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Ioannidou, Eleftheria, Papagiannis, Stefanos, Manousakas, Manousos Ioannis, Betsou, Chrysoula, Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos, Paatero, Jussi, Papadopoulou, Lambrini, and Ioannidou, Alexandra
- Subjects
- *
TRACE elements , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *METEOROLOGICAL stations , *WEATHER , *SPRING , *PARTICULATE matter , *SUMMER - Abstract
The atmospheric concentrations of seventeen elements were measured in air filters at the Finnish Meteorological Institute station in Helsinki, Finland, during a period of 44 years (1962–2005). The mean annual concentrations were calculated and are presented from the lowest values to the highest ones Cr < Ni < Ti < Br < V < Mn < Cu < Zn < Cl < Al < Fe < K < Ca < Na < Pb < Si < S. Most of the elements (Fe, Si, Ti, K, Ca, Zn, Br, Pb, V, Ni, S, Cr, Na, Al, and Cl) present higher values during spring and winter season, while in summer the elements (Ti, Ca, S, and Na) are found in higher concentrationsdue to the weather conditions across seasons and the sources and emissions of air pollutants. There is a strong correlation between the elements (V-Ni, Si-Pb, Fe-Ca, V-Cr, Si-K, K-Ca, Fe-Ti, K-Na, Si-Ca, and V-S), indicating their common source. The identification of the sources of trace elements was performed based on positive matrix factorization analysis, using SoFi software. Four Suspended Particulate Matter (PM) sources were identified: road dust (due to usage of leaded fuel), heavy oil combustion/secondary sulfates, traffic emissions, and natural dust (soil). For the total of 44 years studied, significant decreases in concentrations were observed for all elements, most of which were over 50%: Na (−74%), Al (−86%), Si (−88%), S (−82%), K (−82%), Ca (−89%), Ti (−80%), V (−89%), Cr (−82%), Mn (−77%), Fe (−77%), Ni (−61%), Zn (−72%), and Pb (−95%). In general, a significant decline has been observed in the majority of the elemental concentrations since the end of the 1970s, underlying the effectiveness of different environmental policies that have been applied during the last few decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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34. Quality assessment of non-roof harvested rainwater in industrial layouts of Enugu, South East Nigeria
- Author
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Calistus C. Okudo, Nwachukwu R. Ekere, and Chukwuma O. B. Okoye
- Subjects
Water quality ,Atmospheric pollutants ,Health risks ,Rainwater ,Heavy metals ,Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes ,TD201-500 - Abstract
Abstract Non-roof harvested rainwater was studied in Enugu industrial layouts of Emene and Iva Valley to determine the quality of the water. The determination was based on physicochemical parameters and concentration of 7 heavy metals, namely copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The physicochemical parameters of the rainwater: pH, colour, turbidity, total dissolved solids, conductivity were determined using Hanna water quality checker, and the anions nitrate, sulphate, chloride and phosphate were analysed in accordance to standard methods. The concentrations of Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cd were determined using FS240 Agilent Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean values (mg/l) of the metals: Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cd in Emene sample are as follows: 0.12 ± 0.01, 0.10 ± 0.02, 0.37 ± 0.02, 0.03 ± 0.01, 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.58 ± 0.11 and 0.17 ± 0.07, while Iva Valley sample recorded 0.08 ± 0.01, 0.04 ± 0.01, 0.82 ± 0.06, 0.09 ± 0.02, 0.26 ± 0.01, 0.48 ± 0.04 and 0.31 ± 0.08, respectively. Some of these values are within or above the standard limit of World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). It is important to note that these metals are toxic, persistence and have the potential to bioaccumulate. Therefore, non-roof harvested rainwater is not ready to consume water without some form of treatment. Monitoring, treatment and awareness on the harvesting and use of rainwater should be emphasized. more...
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- 2023
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35. Modeling the impact of cloud seeding to rescind the effect of atmospheric pollutants on natural rainfall
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Agrawal, Gauri, Agrawal, A. K., Dhar, Joydip, and Misra, A. K.
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- 2024
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36. NeSNet: A Deep Network for Estimating Near-Surface Pollutant Concentrations
- Author
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Prasanjit Dey, Bibhash Pran Das, Yee Hui Lee, and Soumyabrata Dev
- Subjects
Atmospheric pollutants ,ground observations ,nitrogen dioxide ,ozone ,satellite measurements ,sulfur dioxide ,Ocean engineering ,TC1501-1800 ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
With the threat of atmospheric pollution on the rise in recent years, round-the-clock monitoring of the concentration of atmospheric gases has become utterly necessary. As opposed to traditional in situ measurement strategies, satellite monitoring offers a convenient alternative for truly global coverage. However, satellite measurements do not provide information about the vertical profile of concentration, and estimation methods must be used to deduce near-surface concentration. Existing works that address this problem often adopt approaches that use auxiliary variables such as meteorological parameters and population density information along with vertical column density (VCD) measurements. In remote areas where such information is not available, these methods are likely to fail. In our work, we propose a near-surface network, a convolutional neural network that has been designed to perform the estimation of near-surface concentrations of atmospheric trace gases using only VCD values. We demonstrate the working of our method for nitrogen dioxide (NO$_{2}$), sulfur dioxide (SO$_{2}$), and ozone (O$_{3}$). The proposed method shows RMSE scores of 6.272, 7.20, and 16.03 $\mu$g$/\text{m}^{3}$ for SO$_{2}$, NO$_{2}$, and O$_{3}$, respectively. We also perform a detailed analysis of the impact of various factors on model performance. In the future, this method also use to determine the concentration of additional air pollutants including PM$_{2.5}$ and PM$_{10}$. To possibly improve the effectiveness of the model, other meteorological variables, such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction can be incorporated. more...
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- 2023
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37. Relationship Between Outdoor Air Pollutant Exposure and Premature Delivery in China- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Author
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Xue Wang, Xin Wang, Chenghua Gao, Xiaoqian Xu, Lehui Li, Yan Liu, Zichao Li, Yuan Xia, and Xin Fang
- Subjects
atmospheric pollutants ,preterm birth ,meta-analysis ,China ,adverse pregnancy outcome ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Objective: Preterm birth (PTB) is considered as a public health problem and one of the main risk factors related to the global disease burden. The purpose of this study aims to explore the influence of exposure to major air pollutants at different pregnancies on PTB.Methods: The relationship between air pollutants and PTB in China was collected from cohort studies and case-control studies published before 30 April 2022. Meta-analysis was carried out with STATA 15.0 software.Results: A total of 2,115 papers were retrieved, of which 18 papers met the inclusion criteria. The comprehensive effect of pollutant exposure and PTB were calculated. PM2.5 during entire pregnancy and O3 exposure during third trimester were positively associated with preterm birth. Every 10 μg/m3 increase in the average concentration of PM2.5 during the whole pregnancy will increase the risk of premature delivery by 4%, and every 10 μg/m3 increase in the average concentration of O3 in the third trimester will increase the risk of premature delivery by 1%.Conclusion: Exposure to PM2.5 entire prenatal pregnancy and O3 in third trimester is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth occurrence. more...
- Published
- 2023
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38. Fire‐Pollutant‐Atmosphere Components and Its Impact on Mortality in Portugal During Wildfire Seasons
- Author
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Ediclê deSouza Fernandes Duarte, Vanda Salgueiro, Maria João Costa, Paulo Sérgio Lucio, Miguel Potes, Daniele Bortoli, and Rui Salgado
- Subjects
atmospheric pollutants ,environmental health ,cardio‐respiratory mortality ,environmental risks ,multivariate statistical techniques ,Environmental protection ,TD169-171.8 - Abstract
Abstract This study analyzed fire‐pollutant‐meteorological variables and their impact on cardio‐respiratory mortality in Portugal during wildfire season. Data of burned area, particulate matter with a diameter of 10 or 2.5 μm (μm) or less (PM10, PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, aerosol optical depth and mortality rates of Circulatory System Disease (CSD), Respiratory System Disease (RSD), Pneumonia (PNEU), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Asthma (ASMA), were used. Only the months of 2011–2020 wildfire season (June–July–August–September‐October) with a burned area greater than 1,000 ha were considered. Principal component analysis was used on fire‐pollutant‐meteorological variables to create two indices called Pollutant‐Burning Interaction (PBI) and Atmospheric‐Pollutant Interaction (API). PBI was strongly correlated with the air pollutants and burned area while API was strongly correlated with temperature and relative humidity, and O3. Cluster analysis applied to PBI‐API divided the data into two Clusters. Cluster 1 included colder and wetter months and higher NO2 concentration. Cluster 2 included warmer and dried months, and higher PM10, PM2.5, CO, and O3 concentrations. The clusters were subjected to Principal Component Linear Regression to better understand the relationship between mortality and PBI‐API indices. Cluster 1 showed statistically significant (p‐value more...
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
39. Estimation and Detection of Air Pollution in the Coastal Provinces of the Persian Gulf with a Regional Climate Approach.
- Author
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Gilandeh, Ata Ghafari and Zengir, Vahid Safarian
- Abstract
One of the most important atmospheric challenges in recent decades in metropolitan areas is air pollution, which is caused by various natural and human factors and has harmful impacts on humans and the environment. Accordingly, investigating air pollution is important and necessary. For estimating the amount of carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, as well as water vapor in the atmosphere in southern and southwestern provinces in 2018-2019, the data of Sentinel-5 satellite images was used. The findings showed the maximum concentration of Co with the value of 0.037 mol/m^2 in April 2019, the maximum concentration of H2O with the value of 3703 mol/m^2 in August 2019 and the maximum concentration of NO2 with the value of 0.000188 mol/m^2 in November 2018. The maximum daily LST value was 324.5 degrees Kelvin in June 2019 and the maximum nighttime LST value was 302.5 degrees Kelvin in June 2019. The maximum thickness of the optical depth of aerosols with a value of 13.79 μg/m^3 at a wavelength (0.47 μm) was in July 2019 and its lowest value with a value of 1.57 μg/m^3 in a wavelength of (55 /0 μm) was in November 2018. The results of temporal and spatial monitoring of CO, NO2, H2O, LST and AOD values give the possibility of a more concrete understanding of spatial and temporal changes of the examined components on a regional macro scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
40. Spatiotemporal Assessment of Atmospheric Pollutants in Yancheng City, Eastern Coastal City of China.
- Author
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Wang, Boni, Zhang, Chunting, Huang, Liang, Zhang, Gu, Yuan, Xinyi, Yao, Ruan, and Zhang, Min
- Subjects
- *
CITIES & towns , *POLLUTANTS , *AIR quality monitoring , *POLLUTION , *AIR pollution - Abstract
Atmospheric environmental pollution has become a critical issue in eastern coastal cities in China, so a broad understanding of its spatiotemporal characteristics is of importance to develop public policies. In this study, hourly data of ρ(PM2.5), ρ(PM10), ρ(NO2), ρ(SO2), ρ(O3) and φ(CO) of five different types of national air quality monitoring sites from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed, combined with the change of meteorological elements in the same period in Yancheng, which was a rapidly developed eastern coastal city in China. The results indicated that the pollutant concentrations except for ρ(O3) was low in summer and high in winter, decreasing year by year from 2016 to 2020. The proportion of moderately and heavily contaminated days in the whole year was decreasing from 80 days in 2016 to 52 days in 2020, and the days with good quality increased from 284 days in 2016 to 311 days in 2020. ρ(O3) was the highest in spring and the lowest in winter, increasing slightly year by year. The variation of ρ(PM2.5), ρ(PM10), ρ(NO2), ρ(SO2) and φ(CO) showed a double-peak type, reaching the peak value at 8:00–10:00 and 20:00–22:00, corresponding to the early and evening rush hours. ρ(PM2.5), ρ(PM10) and φ(CO) on the weekend were higher than on weekdays, while an insignificant difference of ρ(NO2), ρ(O3) and ρ(SO2) was found between weekdays and the weekend. Wind direction played a key role in the variation of pollutant concentration in the Yancheng urban area, and the correlation analysis indicated that ρ(PM2.5) and ρ(PM10) were highly correlated to wind direction. Temperature was positively correlated to ρ(O3), while air pressure was significantly negatively correlated to ρ(O3). Relative humidity was negatively correlated to ρ(PM2.5), ρ(PM10), ρ(NO2), ρ(SO2) and φ(CO), while air pressure was positively correlated with these pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Quality assessment of non-roof harvested rainwater in industrial layouts of Enugu, South East Nigeria.
- Author
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Okudo, Calistus C., Ekere, Nwachukwu R., and Okoye, Chukwuma O. B.
- Subjects
HEAVY metals ,RAINWATER ,WATER harvesting ,DRINKING water quality ,COPPER ,DRINKING water standards ,LEAD ,WATER quality - Abstract
Non-roof harvested rainwater was studied in Enugu industrial layouts of Emene and Iva Valley to determine the quality of the water. The determination was based on physicochemical parameters and concentration of 7 heavy metals, namely copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The physicochemical parameters of the rainwater: pH, colour, turbidity, total dissolved solids, conductivity were determined using Hanna water quality checker, and the anions nitrate, sulphate, chloride and phosphate were analysed in accordance to standard methods. The concentrations of Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cd were determined using FS240 Agilent Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean values (mg/l) of the metals: Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cd in Emene sample are as follows: 0.12 ± 0.01, 0.10 ± 0.02, 0.37 ± 0.02, 0.03 ± 0.01, 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.58 ± 0.11 and 0.17 ± 0.07, while Iva Valley sample recorded 0.08 ± 0.01, 0.04 ± 0.01, 0.82 ± 0.06, 0.09 ± 0.02, 0.26 ± 0.01, 0.48 ± 0.04 and 0.31 ± 0.08, respectively. Some of these values are within or above the standard limit of World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). It is important to note that these metals are toxic, persistence and have the potential to bioaccumulate. Therefore, non-roof harvested rainwater is not ready to consume water without some form of treatment. Monitoring, treatment and awareness on the harvesting and use of rainwater should be emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The co-benefit of emission reduction efficiency of energy, CO2and atmospheric pollutants in China under the carbon neutrality target
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Fang-rong Ren, Zhe Cui, Xue Ding, Xue-rong Zhang, Rui-han Li, Qin Yao, and Xiao-yan Liu
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Climate risk ,Energy efficiency ,CO2 emission ,Atmospheric pollutants ,Carbon neutrality target ,Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade ,HD9502-9502.5 - Abstract
The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB) and the Yellow River Ecological Economic Belt (YREB) surround the two biggest inland rivers and emit the greatest amount of carbon emissions in China. In order to implement China's dual carbon goal, this research applies a Meta-frontier DN-DEA model, including the carbon reduction factor (CRF), to assess the emission efficiency of energy, CO2, and atmospheric pollutants for a total of 19 regions in YEB and YREB from 2011 to 2017. The Synergistic climate risk control efficiency of atmospheric pollutants in the two economic belts are verified by tests for CO2 and three kinds of atmospheric pollutant emission elasticity coefficient and Kendall's coordination coefficient. The results are as follows: First, the overall efficiencies of the two economic belts are both improved by more than 30% when subject to CRF. YREB has great potential for carbon emission reduction, and the growth rate of its overall efficiency is higher than that of YEB. Second, YEB's input term efficiency performs better under the CRF constraint and has balanced development, while YREB's environmental pollution control input is insufficient. Third, the emission efficiencies of CO2 and atmospheric pollutants are significantly improved in YEB, while the environmental regulation of YREB is not obvious for the climate co-benefit of CO2 and atmospheric pollutants. Lastly, high level of climate co-benefit has revealed in YEB during 2011–2016, while in 2017, it plummets sharply. Conversely, YREB maintains a stable climate co-benefit. more...
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- 2023
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43. Towards the Recommendation of Time for Physical Activities Based on Air Pollution and Meteorological Variables
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Calle, Juan, Guzmán, Emilio, Lima, Juan-Fernando, Patiño, Andrés, Orellana, Marcos, Cedillo, Priscila, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Narváez, Fabián R., editor, Proaño, Julio, editor, Morillo, Paulina, editor, Vallejo, Diego, editor, González Montoya, Daniel, editor, and Díaz, Gloria M., editor more...
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- 2022
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44. Research on atmospheric pollutant and greenhouse gas emission reductions of trucks by substituting fuel oil with green hydrogen: A case study.
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Lao, Junming, Song, Hongqing, Wang, Cheng, and Zhou, Yang
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GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *GREENHOUSE gases , *NITROGEN oxides emission control , *PETROLEUM as fuel , *DIESEL trucks , *FUEL switching , *POLLUTANTS , *TRUCKS , *RESEARCH aircraft - Abstract
Trucks has caused serious atmospheric pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), China, while substituting the truck fuel (gasoline/diesel) by green hydrogen is a critical way to solve the problems. Accordingly, we established a Hydrogen availability-Greenhouse gas and Atmospheric Pollutant emission reduction (HGAP) evaluation model. We revealed that the annual available green hydrogen energy in the GBA reached 1.36 × 1010 GJ, which could fuel all the trucks in the region. Via truck fuel substitution by hydrogen, a 45% reduction in regional greenhouse gas emissions in the GBA could achieve. The emission reductions of CO and HC by vehicles in the GBA achieved approximately 1/4, NOx was about 1/2 and PM was about 60%. We served a solution of developing without eco-sacrifice for developed, strategic yet high-emission coastal regions and countries. • A solution of developing without eco-sacrifice for strategic yet high-emission China GBA. • The H 2 availability in the China GBA is 1.36 × 1010 GJ/a able to fuel all trucks in the region. • A 45% reduction in regional greenhouse gas emissions in the China GBA. • Up to 60% emission reductions of atmospheric pollutants by vehicles in the China GBA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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45. Ambient Air Quality and Health Impact of Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution in the Moroccan Population: A Systematic Review.
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Bouchriti, Youssef, Haddou, Mohamed Ait, Kabbachi, Belkacem, Achbani, Aberrahmane, Cherrat, Zakariae, Rida, Jamila, Sine, Hasnaa, Gougueni, Hicham, Amiha, Rachid, and Ezaidi, Sarrah
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AIR quality monitoring ,HEALTH impact assessment ,AIR pollution ,RISK assessment ,DATA extraction - Abstract
Evidence of the health impact of air pollution in Morocco is scarce. We aimed to test our hypothesis that exposure to air pollutants has a significant impact on the health of Moroccans. For this systematic review, we searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, and ProQuest databases, Google Scholar, and forward and backward citations for studies published between the database inception and August 16, 2022. All studies and reports that measure air quality in Morocco and its health impact were included, without language restrictions. This study is registered on PROSPERO under number CRD42020163948. Studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria rather than their methods. The data was extracted, coded, and prepared for future examination. After that, descriptive and thematic analyses were carried out. Of 1230 records identified, 31 were eligible, all of which had annual air pollutant concentrations in excess of WHO Air Quality Guidelines. The health impact was demonstrated in five studies. The most studied pathologies were asthma, respiratory and cardiac infections in children under 12 years and adults. In addition to heavy metals, the most investigated pollutants were PM10, O3, SO2, and NOx. The significant association between exposure to air pollutants and health in the Moroccan population has been demonstrated, even if it is not causal. Future research should quantify the health impact of pollution in other Moroccan cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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46. Atmospheric deterioration of ceramic building materials and future trends in the field: a review
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Ana C. Santa, Maryory A. Gómez, Juan G. Castaño, José A. Tamayo, and Libia M. Baena
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Atmospheric deterioration ,Ceramic building materials ,Concrete ,Atmospheric pollutants ,Content ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Multiple techniques have been developed and implemented around the world to monitor structures and minimize the costs of repairing, maintaining, and losing ceramic building materials due to environmental factors. Understanding the different degradation phenomena that affect ceramic building materials and evaluating their condition can help reduce material losses caused by deterioration and the need for interventions. This study reviews the main forms of atmospheric degradation that affect ceramic materials and the commonly employed methods to evaluate their deterioration. The aim is to illustrate the different types of atmospheric deterioration that affect ceramic materials and to demonstrate the current monitoring methods and testing. In addition to a literature review, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to highlight the available tools to counter atmospheric deterioration. The analysis shows that CO2, sulfates, and temperature are the most important types of degradation for ceramic construction materials. It was also discovered that due to their porous nature, ceramic construction materials require careful control as contaminants and water can easily penetrate them. The two most severe types of deterioration identified in this analysis for reinforced concrete were chloride-induced corrosion and carbonation. more...
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- 2023
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47. Spatiotemporal Dynamic Correlation Characteristics and Driving Factors of Major Air Pollutant Emissions in China.
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Tian, Ya, He, Chao, Yang, Lu, Yi, Jiahui, Ke, Biqin, Mu, Hang, Tu, Peiyue, Ye, Zhixiang, and Hong, Song
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EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *AIR pollutants , *URBAN density , *AIR pollution , *DISPOSABLE income , *ELECTRIC power production - Abstract
Air pollution is closely associated with human health and the economy. Therefore, it is important to understand variations in the spatiotemporal and sectoral emission distributions of major air pollutants and their drivers. The policies (APAPPC) promulgated by China in 2013 have also achieved remarkable results. Rate of change, trend analysis, and a geographically and temporally weighted regression model were used to study the effects of socioeconomic factors on NOx, SO2, and dust emissions in China during 2011–2017. During the study period, annual average emissions of NOx, SO2, and dust decreased by 11.45, 13.42, and 4.82 Mt (−47.64, −60.53, and −39.05%), respectively. Pollutant emissions were concentrated in North China, with Shandong and Hebei provinces exhibiting the highest NOx and SO2 and dust emissions, respectively. Pollutant emissions from the power and industrial sectors were mainly distributed in East (27.08 and 28.00%, respectively) and North China (23.57 and 20.04%, respectively), whereas emissions from the residential sector were mainly concentrated in North (22.48%) and Southwest China (20.07%). Pollutant emissions were positively correlated with electricity generation, urban population density, urban green spaces, private car ownership, the secondary industry as a share of regional GDP, and steel production and negatively correlated with disposable income and gross construction output. Per capita disposable income was the dominant driving factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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48. Transporte público y problemas medioambientales en Colombia.
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Carbonell Chams, Andrés José
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PUBLIC transit ,NITROUS oxide ,CARBON-black ,URBAN planning ,RADIATIVE forcing ,PEDESTRIANS ,PARTICULATE matter ,PEDESTRIAN crosswalks - Abstract
Copyright of Observatorio Medioambiental is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
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- 2023
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49. Concentration of noxious gases inside and outside residential apartments across different settlements in Port Harcourt metropolis, Nigeria.
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Ogaji, Folake M, Numbere, Aroloye O, Obafemi, Andrew, and Ogaji, Daprim S
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EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *URBANIZATION , *DEFORESTATION , *TRAFFIC congestion , *ANALYSIS of variance - Abstract
The proliferation of harmful gases is a major global problem caused by anthropogenic activities. This study hypothesized that the emission of noxious gases varies seasonally in indoor and outdoor environments. Air samples were collected from 40 georeferenced residential areas (N = 40) in Port Harcourt using Aeroqual 500 monitor to measure six gases: CH4, CO, NH4, NO2, O3, and SO2. Samples were collected at different times, locations, and seasons. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates a significant difference in concentration between gases, times, and locations at p < 0.001. But the interaction effect shows that times and seasons significantly affect noxious gas concentration compared to location. In general, the concentration of CO was the highest, while that of O3 was the lowest. The order of concentration is CO > SO2 > NO2 > CH4 > NH4 > O3. The concentrations of NO2 and SO2 were higher than the WHO limit, while CO, CH4, NH, and O3 were below the WHO limit. Furthermore, CO concentration was highest in the morning, while NO2 and SO2 concentrations were highest in the evening. For seasons, the CH4, NH4, NO2, and SO2 were higher during the dry season, while CO concentration was higher during the wet season. Pollutant levels should be regularly monitored to help provide exposure advisory to city dwellers on the impact of atmospheric pollution on their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2022
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50. Spatial patterns and temporal variations of pollutants at 56 air quality monitoring stations in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Godoy, Angela Rosa Locateli and da Silva, Ana Estela Antunes
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AIR pollutants ,AIR quality monitoring stations ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
This study applied two data mining tasks: clustering and association rules to a dataset of pollutants in the state of São Paulo. The clustering task was applied to temporal patterns and geospatial distributions of pollutants, and the association rules were used to identify prevailing meteorological conditions when there were high concentrations of pollutants from 2017 to 2019. The results indicated good adequacy of the cluster, indicating different pollution levels per group, with a silhouette coefficient from 0.26 to 0.72. In the spatial evaluation, the groups severely polluted were located in the metropolitan region, on the coast and, some inland cities, by industrial, vehicular, burning, agriculture, and other emissions. The cluster identified a strong presence of O
3 and PM2.5 in 65% and 72% of the monitored stations in several areas of the state. As for the distance between the sources of pollution, the groups of PM10 and NO2 were geographically distant, while PM2.5 , CO, SO2 , and O3 were closer, suggesting a spatial relationship of exposure. Seasonality was similar between groups, with significantly higher concentrations in winter, except for O3 , for which higher concentrations occurred in summer. Meteorological conditions contributed to critical episodes of pollution (support and confidence greater than 80%), with low temperature and humidity, low rainfall, and milder wind associated with increased pollutants. In conclusion, investigating spatial representativeness allows revealing spatial and temporal patterns of pollutants and unfavorable meteorological conditions to diffusion. Thus, ideal and effective measures can be taken to avoid critical periods of exposure based on the behavior of pollutants in different regions and related climate changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2022
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