Search

Objective The objective of this study was to determine internal structure spectral profile of by-products from coffee processing that were affected by added-microorganism fermentation duration in relation to truly absorbed feed nutrient supply in ruminant system. Methods The by-products from coffee processing were fermented using commercial fermentation product, consisting of various microorganisms: for 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. In this study, carbohydrate-related spectral profiles of coffee by-products were correlated with their chemical and nutritional properties (chemical composition, total digestible nutrient, bioenergy values, carbohydrate sub-fractions and predicted degradation and digestion parameters as well as milk value of feed). The vibrational spectra of coffee by-products samples after fermentation for 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 days were determined using a JASCO FT/IR-4200 spectroscopy coupled with accessory of attenuated total reflectance (ATR). The molecular spectral analyses with univariate approach were conducted with the OMNIC 7.3 software. Results Molecular spectral analysis parameters in fermented and non-fermented by-products from coffee processing included structural carbohydrate, cellulosic compounds, non-structural carbohydrates, lignin compound, CH-bending, structural carbohydrate peak1, structural carbohydrate peak2, structural carbohydrate peak3, hemicellulosic compound, non-structural carbohydrate peak1, non-structural carbohydrate peak2, non-structural carbohydrate peak3. The study results show that added-microorganism fermentation induced chemical and nutritional changes of coffee by-products including carbohydrate chemical composition profiles, bioenergy value, feed milk value, carbohydrate subfractions, estimated degradable and undegradable fractions in the rumen, and intestinal digested nutrient supply in ruminant system. Conclusion In conclusion, carbohydrate nutrition value changes by added-microorganism fermentation duration were in an agreement with the change of their spectral profile in the coffee by-products. The studies show that the vibrational ATR-FT/IR spectroscopic technique could be applied as a rapid analytical tool to evaluate fermented by-products and connect with truly digestible carbohydrate supply in ruminant system.

To our knowledge, there is limited study on the relationship between the molecular structure of feed and nutrient availability in the ruminant system. The objective of this study is to use advanced vibrational molecular spectroscopy (attenuated total reflection [ATR]–Fourier transform infrared [FT/IR]) to reveal carbohydrate molecular structure properties of faba bean partitions (stem, leaf, whole pods [WP], and whole plant) and faba bean silage before and after rumen incubation in relation to nutrient availability and supply to dairy cattle. The study included the correlation between carbohydrate‐related spectral profiles and chemical profiles, feed energy values, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System carbohydrate fractions, and rumen degradation parameters of faba bean samples (whole crop, stem, leaf, WP, and silage) before and after rumen incubation. FTIR spectra of faba bean sample before and after 12 and 24 h rumen incubations were collected with JASCO FT/IR‐4200 with ATR at mid‐IR range (ca. 4000–700 cm−1) with 128 scans and at 4 cm−1 resolution. The univariate molecular spectral analysis was carried out using OMNIC software. The results show that ATR–FT/IR spectroscopic technique could detect the change of microbial digestion to carbohydrate‐related molecular structure. The spectral parameters of feed rumen incubation residues had a stronger correlation with less degradable carbohydrate fractions (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose) while spectral profiles of original faba samples had a stronger correlation with easily degradable carbohydrate fractions (starch). In conclusion, rumen degradation of carbohydrate contents can be reflected in the change of its molecular spectral profiles. The study shows that vibrational molecular spectroscopy (ATR–FT/IR) shows high potential as a fast analytical tool to evaluate and predict nutrient supply in the ruminant system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]