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Effectively a double-height or larger void internal to a building, the atrium is a familiar architectural feature the world over. The global popularity of the space in contemporary urban buildings – including hotels, shopping malls, casinos, hospitals, museums, galleries, libraries, schools, office blocks, and universities – is a somewhat puzzling development, and one ripe for sociological analysis. Cultural political economy (CPE) helps to explain this affinity. Using this perspective guards against reductionisms of various stripes, while rigorously situating the atrium vis-a-vis the production and circulation of material and symbolic surplus value. By facilitating inquiry into how this architectural form stabilises and furthers capitalist arrangements, CPE allows for interrogation of the atrium's distinctive role in adding momentum and cultural meaning to contemporary urban accumulative strategies. In particular, the article draws out the atrium space's paradoxical relationships to (i) the intensification of rentiership in very tall buildings, and (ii) with respect to the demarcation of insider–outsider boundaries underpinning elite consumption. Positioning the atrium as being reflective of attempts to both intensify and embed capitalism in the built environment, key arguments concern the meaningful, experiential and out-of-the ordinary nature of the space, As such, the article contributes to and draws from sociologies of architecture, reconciling the atrium's materiality and meaning in a way that does not reduce either to the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Left-to-right differences in the histopathologic patterns of transthyretin-derived amyloid (ATTR) deposition in the atria of older adults have not yet been investigated. Hence, this study evaluated heart specimens from 325 serial autopsy subjects. The amount of ATTR deposits in the seven cardiac regions, including both sides of atria and atrial appendages, was evaluated semiquantitatively. Using digital pathology, we quantitatively evaluated the immunohistochemical deposition burden of ATTR in the myocardium. We identified 20 sporadic ATTR cardiac amyloidosis cases (nine males). All patients had ATTR deposition in the left atrial regions of the myocardium. In the semiquantitative analysis, 14 of the 20 cases showed more severe ATTR deposition on the left atrial regions than on the right side, with statistically significant differences in the pathology grading (p < 0.01 for both the atrium and atrial appendage). Quantitative analysis further supported the difference. Moreover, six had ATTR deposition in the epineurium and/or neural fibers of the atria. Cluster analysis revealed that ATTR deposition in the myocardium was significantly more severe in males than in females. The heterogeneous distribution of amyloid deposits between atria revealed in this study may impair the orderly transmission of the cardiac conduction system and induce arrhythmias, which may be further aggravated by additional neuropathy in the advanced phase. This impairment could be more severe among males. These findings emphasize that atrial evaluation is important for individuals with sporadic ATTR cardiac amyloidosis, particularly for early detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of school building typologies, along with the use of advanced glazing systems such as suspended particle devices (SPD), is crucial for determining visual comfort for students. Recent research has focused on integrating SPD in architectural elements such as skylights, clerestories, and windows. In hot desert climates, minimizing window areas, employing shading mechanisms, and utilizing daylighting features such as courtyards and atriums are practical. This study explores the optimization of various architectural components in classroom designs, including Window Wall Ratios (WWR), Skylight Ratios (SR), floor levels, cardinal orientation, and SPD switching states. Using a detailed and comprehensive radiance simulation via Rhino-Grasshopper and Colibri 2.0, we conducted a thorough analysis and optimization of the SPD glazing system across different states on both annual and hourly bases. The results indicate that optimizing SPD transmittance states between 30–40%, maintaining WWRs from 20–40%, and incorporating a large skylight ratio significantly enhances the recommended work plane illuminance (WPI) and the uniformity index (Ui) of the tested typologies. This optimization improves glare control across various building typologies and provides a roadmap for architects aiming to design learning spaces that prioritize visual comfort and overall student well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike adult mammalian cardiomyocytes, cardiomyocytes in teleosts display high proliferative capacity throughout adulthood. This study aimed to identify the immunohistochemical profiles of cardiomyocytes and immune cells in the hearts of Molly fish by assessing the immunolabelling expression of key proteins involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue protection. The cardiac anatomy of Molly fish includes the atrium, ventricle, and bulbus arteriosus. The expression of SOX9, NF-κB, myostatin, and S100 proteins in myocardial cells indicates the proliferative features of the heart in Molly fish. The bulbus arteriosus is characterized by collagenous chambers and smooth muscle cells that express Ach and iba1. The atrium of Molly fish serves as a storage unit for rodlet cells and immune cells. Rodlet cells displayed immunoreactivity to NF-κB, iba1, Olig2, Ach, and S100 proteins, suggesting their roles in the immune response within the heart. Furthermore, telocytes (TCs) have emerged as a significant component of the atrium of Molly fish, expressing Ach, CD68, S100 protein, and iba1. These expressions indicate the involvement of TCs in multiple signaling pathways that contribute to heart architecture. This study delineates the intricate relationship between cardiomyocytes and innate immune cells in Molly fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epithelioid glioblastoma (E-GBM) is an exceedingly rare subtype of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma, first included in the WHO 2016 classification and characterized by a dominant population of epithelioid cells. Its histological and molecular defining features remain troublesome. The significance of BRAF mutations to pathological diagnosis and surgical outcome has drawn increasing attention given their promising potential for future adjuvant therapies. Herein, we describe a unique case of an E-GBM in the atrium of the left lateral ventricle and comprehensively analyze the importance of BRAF status in a cohort of 211 E-GBMs from the literature. Our patient was a 40-year-old man with occipital pain. His brain MRI revealed a large intraventricular tumor at the same location as a signal change found 10 years earlier with no additional follow-up. He underwent gross total tumor removal followed by conventional adjuvant treatment. Histopathological diagnosis was consistent with IDH-wildtype E-GBM WHO grade 4 with pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma-like areas. BRAF p.V600 mutation was demonstrated in the tumoral genetic study. In the cohort analyzed, male patients predominated (63%), the median age was 32 years old, and the 5-year survival rate following diagnosis was 4.2%. BRAF mutations were found in 60.3% of the tumors overall, with this rate increasing to 78.3% in young adults (19-49 years, P <.001). Presence of BRAF mutations associated with tumor progression (P =.001), the event usually leading to death (P <.001). In conclusion, our study supports the importance of genetic BRAF p.V600 mutation analysis because its presence not only points to an E-GBM diagnosis but may also promote tumor progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All produced spaces are curious since they could, by definition, be different. Atriums—double height or greater vertical voids typically to be found in skyscrapers' lobbies—are an interesting illustration of this general contention. An internal feature of super-tall architecture the world over, the atrium flourishes in parts of cities where land value is high and given that atria could be occupied with directly rentable space this is an ostensibly puzzling affinity. Drawing primarily on the ideas of Henri Lefebvre and Walter Benjamin, this paper suggests that the presence of atria in major commercial—and increasingly public—buildings grows from oblique attempts to generate surplus value. Paradoxically, it is the voided space of the atrium that explains this strategy. My argument is that voids of open space can actually increase the value of objects, bodies, and practices that are assembled in and around them; paradoxically 'emptiness' itself can be monetised in a context of rentier capitalism. Defamiliarising the atrium, which is a distinctive and singular architectural feature of this moment, suggests a wider research agenda for those interested in critical analysis of the contradictory spaces that are produced when capital builds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The receptorial responsiveness method (RRM) enables the estimation of a change in concentration of an (even degradable) agonist, near its receptor, via curve fitting to (at least) two concentration-effect (E/c) curves of a stable agonist. One curve should be generated before this change, and the other afterwards, in the same system. It follows that RRM yields a surrogate parameter ("cx") as the concentration of the stable agonist being equieffective with the change in concentration of the other agonist. However, regression can be conducted several ways, which can affect the accuracy, precision and ease-of-use. This study utilized data of previous ex vivo investigations. Known concentrations of stable agonists were estimated with RRM by performing individual (local) or global fitting, this latter with one or two model(s), using a logarithmic (logcx) or a nonlogarithmic (cx) parameter (the latter in a complex or in a simplified equation), with ordinary least-squares or robust regression, and with an "allat-once" or "pairwise" fitting manner. We found that the simplified model containing logcx was superior to all alternative models. The most complicated individual regression was the most accurate, followed closely by the moderately complicated two-model global regression and then by the easy-to-perform onemodel global regression. The two-model global fitting was the most precise, followed by the individual fitting (closely) and by the one-model global fitting (from afar). Pairwise fitting (two E/c curves at once) improved the estimation. Thus, the two-model global fitting, performed pairwise, and the individual fitting are recommended for RRM, using the simplified model containing logcx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large occupied spaces such as the atria can have additional internal elements like balconies, stairs, or decorations. Unfortunately, detailed design rules for smoke management systems are lacking in these large contemporary spaces. A series of smoke tests and CFD simulations were conducted to address this shortfall. The project's first step was realised with full-scale hot smoke tests in Smoke Laboratory, which allowed the observation of a significant influence of the suspended balconies on smoke mass production. CFD simulations confirmed the preliminary observations and were used to evaluate this phenomenon quantitatively. This proved that the wider the balcony, the greater the mass increase. The same fire scenarios were examined with theoretical NFPA 92 correlations dedicated to axisymmetric and balcony spill plumes. They showed that using the standard axisymmetric plume correlation in a complex atrium could lead to a strong underprediction of the required smoke control system parameters. A proposed adapted balcony spill plume correlation can improve the smoke mase calculations. Practical application: This study demonstrates that existing standards like NFPA 92 NFPA 204, or BS 7346-4. Do not cover the need for smoke control systems in complex and irregular atria solutions, which often appear in modern buildings. It has been proven that the obstructions in the atrium space significantly influence the smoke mass production. As a consequence, using the original axisymmetric plume correlation in a complex atrium could lead to a strong underprediction of smoke control system requirements. The authors proposed a new correlation for the approach to smoke control systems parameters approach at the design process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intravascular leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a very rare extension of uterine leiomyoma through the pelvic vessels. It is a benign pathology with malignant potential with a possibility of intra-cardiac extension and metastases (cerebral, pulmonary, lymph node); early diagnosis is very difficult. Prognosis depends on involvement of the inferior vena cava and extension to the right cavities. We report a case of complications of IVL, precisely the extension in the right atrium, in a 49-year-old woman. The objective of our work is to highlight the importance of imaging in the diagnosis of the vascular extension of leimyomatosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ventricular and atrial cardiac chambers have unique structural and contractile characteristics that underlie their distinct functions. The maintenance of chamber-specific features requires active reinforcement, even in differentiated cardiomyocytes. Previous studies in zebrafish have shown that sustained FGF signaling acts upstream of Nkx factors to maintain ventricular identity, but the rest of this maintenance pathway remains unclear. Here, we show that MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling acts downstream of FGF and upstream of Nkx factors to promote ventricular maintenance. Inhibition of MEK signaling, like inhibition of FGF signaling, results in ectopic atrial gene expression and reduced ventricular gene expression in ventricular cardiomyocytes. FGF and MEK signaling both influence ventricular maintenance over a similar timeframe, when phosphorylated ERK (pERK) is present in the myocardium. However, the role of FGF-MEK activity appears to be context-dependent: some ventricular regions are more sensitive than others to inhibition of FGF-MEK signaling. Additionally, in the atrium, although endogenous pERK does not induce ventricular traits, heightened MEK signaling can provoke ectopic ventricular gene expression. Together, our data reveal chamber-specific roles of MEK-ERK signaling in the maintenance of ventricular and atrial identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 46-year-old woman with stage 5 chronic kidney disease was unable to undergo hemodialysis treatment due to thoracic central venous obstruction (TCVO) and blockage of the tunneled cuffed catheter. This patient also presented with symptoms of TCVO. When percutaneous procedure was not possible, we resolved the obstruction with the innominate-to-right-atrial bypass grafting technique under extracorporeal circulation. There are few reports on this surgical approach. In terms of patient prognosis, this may be an effective solution to this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a concise description of the applied topographical anatomy of the heart, emphasizing those aspects of cardiac functional anatomy that are essential to clinical cardiac examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elderly patients with multiple comorbidities often face complex cardiac challenges, including aortic valve issues and atrial septal defects. Traditional open-heart surgery may not be viable for this demographic. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) emerges as a preferred alternative. In this case, a frail patient with multiple comorbidities, atrial septal defect, and significant aortic stenosis and regurgitation underwent a one-stop procedure, combining TAVI and atrial septal defect closure, guided by advanced imaging, including three-dimensional ultrasound. Ultrasound played a pivotal role in the perioperative phase, offering precise screening and guidance. This innovative technique, minimizing surgical trauma and recovery time, significantly improved the patient's quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The receptorial responsiveness method (RRM) enables the estimation of a change in concentration of an (even degradable) agonist, near its receptor, via curve fitting to (at least) two concentration-effect (E/c) curves of a stable agonist. One curve should be generated before this change, and the other afterwards, in the same system. It follows that RRM yields a surrogate parameter (“cx”) as the concentration of the stable agonist being equieffective with the change in concentration of the other agonist. However, regression can be conducted several ways, which can affect the accuracy, precision and ease-of-use. This study utilized data of previous ex vivo investigations. Known concentrations of stable agonists were estimated with RRM by performing individual (local) or global fitting, this latter with one or two model(s), using a logarithmic (logcx) or a nonlogarithmic (cx) parameter (the latter in a complex or in a simplified equation), with ordinary least-squares or robust regression, and with an “all-at-once” or “pairwise” fitting manner. We found that the simplified model containing logcx was superior to all alternative models. The most complicated individual regression was the most accurate, followed closely by the moderately complicated two-model global regression and then by the easy-to-perform one-model global regression. The two-model global fitting was the most precise, followed by the individual fitting (closely) and by the one-model global fitting (from afar). Pairwise fitting (two E/c curves at once) improved the estimation. Thus, the two-model global fitting, performed pairwise, and the individual fitting are recommended for RRM, using the simplified model containing logcx.

A 52-year-old gentleman presented with symptoms of breathlessness and type 1 respiratory failure. His CT pulmonary angiogram showed a heterogenous, oval-shaped lesion between the heart and diaphragm with a right atrial (RA) filling defect, pericardial thickening and pulmonary metastasis. An RA debulking salvage operation confirmed this to be a pericardial tumour and further cytology and immunohistochemistry testing confirmed a primary synovial sarcoma. After 12 days in intensive care for ventilation, the patient was successfully discharged on warfarin and underwent oncology follow-up for chemotherapy. Following a 15-month follow-up, no mortality was observed despite the aggressive nature of the tumour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing technology, changing social structures, and the threat of resource depletion have changed the design of buildings. Therefore,design approaches are developed to increase user comfort and reduce energy consumption by utilizing natural ventilation and lighting. The design of the distribution of outdoor air and light into the spaces through vertical and horizontal gaps reduces the energy demand of the mechanical systems and increases occupant comfort.The atrium is the preferred vertical gap in modern buildings for distributing natural air and light to interior spaces under appropriate conditions. However, in buildings with atrium, there is a risk of fire spreading in the event of a fire due to the uninterrupted gaps between the rooms. It is necessary to ensure the operability of the design by monitoring the measures to be taken in the early stages of design using performance-based fire safety methods. This study develops design strategies for fire analysis in atrium buildings using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation technology. Atrium height, roof type, and slope characteristics are analyzed for the stack effect, which is the main factor in the movement of smoke and flames. As a result of the numerical analyses consisting of flat, unidirectional, and bidirectional sloping roof type, 10, 20, 30-degree roof slope, and one-meter rising atrium roof variables, the effect degrees for smoke dispersal and temperature control are investigated.Fire Dynamic Simulator, which uses CFD capabilities, and Smokeview software, which can visualize the results, were used for the numerical analysis.Correlation analysis was used to determine the effect of variables on temperature.The results showed that flat roofs and designs with increasing height were effective in delaying the spread of smoke and increasing the stack effect in the atrium, while the contribution of roof slope to fire safety was weak.

ObjectivesThe atrium structure is an important functional cabin in the superstructure of a large cruise ship. Atriums have a large spatial span and are always subjected to complex loads. A fast and reliable safety assessment simulation method for atrium structures is required to assist in their structural design.MethodsBased on the Guidance for Direct Calculation of Local Structures of Cruise Ships 2021 by the China Classification Society (CCS) and the loading characteristics of atriums, a direct calculation design method is proposed in which loads on structures are equivalent to combined simplified loads in three groups, namely longitudinal bending, vertical shear and local cargo pressure.ResultsThe results of the proposed direct calculation design method of a specific atrium structure are in good agreement with the whole-ship finite element analytical results, verifying its effectiveness.ConclusionsThis study can provide guidance for the design process of atrium structures in large cruise ships.

The design of school building typologies, along with the use of advanced glazing systems such as suspended particle devices (SPD), is crucial for determining visual comfort for students. Recent research has focused on integrating SPD in architectural elements such as skylights, clerestories, and windows. In hot desert climates, minimizing window areas, employing shading mechanisms, and utilizing daylighting features such as courtyards and atriums are practical. This study explores the optimization of various architectural components in classroom designs, including Window Wall Ratios (WWR), Skylight Ratios (SR), floor levels, cardinal orientation, and SPD switching states. Using a detailed and comprehensive radiance simulation via Rhino-Grasshopper and Colibri 2.0, we conducted a thorough analysis and optimization of the SPD glazing system across different states on both annual and hourly bases. The results indicate that optimizing SPD transmittance states between 30–40%, maintaining WWRs from 20–40%, and incorporating a large skylight ratio significantly enhances the recommended work plane illuminance (WPI) and the uniformity index (Ui) of the tested typologies. This optimization improves glare control across various building typologies and provides a roadmap for architects aiming to design learning spaces that prioritize visual comfort and overall student well-being.

Left-to-right differences in the histopathologic patterns of transthyretin-derived amyloid (ATTR) deposition in the atria of older adults have not yet been investigated. Hence, this study evaluated heart specimens from 325 serial autopsy subjects. The amount of ATTR deposits in the seven cardiac regions, including both sides of atria and atrial appendages, was evaluated semiquantitatively. Using digital pathology, we quantitatively evaluated the immunohistochemical deposition burden of ATTR in the myocardium. We identified 20 sporadic ATTR cardiac amyloidosis cases (nine males). All patients had ATTR deposition in the left atrial regions of the myocardium. In the semiquantitative analysis, 14 of the 20 cases showed more severe ATTR deposition on the left atrial regions than on the right side, with statistically significant differences in the pathology grading (p < 0.01 for both the atrium and atrial appendage). Quantitative analysis further supported the difference. Moreover, six had ATTR deposition in the epineurium and/or neural fibers of the atria. Cluster analysis revealed that ATTR deposition in the myocardium was significantly more severe in males than in females. The heterogeneous distribution of amyloid deposits between atria revealed in this study may impair the orderly transmission of the cardiac conduction system and induce arrhythmias, which may be further aggravated by additional neuropathy in the advanced phase. This impairment could be more severe among males. These findings emphasize that atrial evaluation is important for individuals with sporadic ATTR cardiac amyloidosis, particularly for early detection.

Unlike adult mammalian cardiomyocytes, cardiomyocytes in teleosts display high proliferative capacity throughout adulthood. This study aimed to identify the immunohistochemical profiles of cardiomyocytes and immune cells in the hearts of Molly fish by assessing the immunolabelling expression of key proteins involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue protection. The cardiac anatomy of Molly fish includes the atrium, ventricle, and bulbus arteriosus. The expression of SOX9, NF-κB, myostatin, and S100 proteins in myocardial cells indicates the proliferative features of the heart in Molly fish. The bulbus arteriosus is characterized by collagenous chambers and smooth muscle cells that express Ach and iba1. The atrium of Molly fish serves as a storage unit for rodlet cells and immune cells. Rodlet cells displayed immunoreactivity to NF-κB, iba1, Olig2, Ach, and S100 proteins, suggesting their roles in the immune response within the heart. Furthermore, telocytes (TCs) have emerged as a significant component of the atrium of Molly fish, expressing Ach, CD68, S100 protein, and iba1. These expressions indicate the involvement of TCs in multiple signaling pathways that contribute to heart architecture. This study delineates the intricate relationship between cardiomyocytes and innate immune cells in Molly fish.

Abtract: The dichotomy of the cingulum bundle into the dorsal supracallosal and ventral parahippocampal parts is widely accepted; however, the retrosplenial component with its multiple alternative connections has not been revealed. The aim of this study was to delineate the microsurgical anatomy of a connectionally transition zone, the isthmic cingulum, in relation to the posteromedial interhemispheric access to the atrium and discuss the relevant patterns of glioma invasion on the basis of its fiber connections. White matter (WM) fibers were dissected layer by layer in a medial-to-lateral, lateral-to-medial, and posterior-to-anterior fashion. All related tracts and their connections were generated using deterministic tractography. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tractography findings were correlated with those of fiber dissection. A medial parieto-occipital approach to reach the atrium was performed with special emphasis on the cingulate isthmus and underlying WM connections. The isthmic cingulum, introduced as a retrosplenial connectional crossroad for the first time, displayed multiple connections to the splenium and the superior thalamic radiations. Another new finding was the demonstration of lateral hemispheric extension of the isthmic cingulum fibers through the base of the posterior part of the precuneus at the base of the parieto-occipital sulcus. The laterally crossing cingulum fibers were interconnected with three distinct association tracts: the middle longitudinal (MdLF), the inferior frontooccipital fasciculi (IFOF), and the claustro-cortical fibers (CCF). In the process of entry to the atrium during posterior interhemispheric approaches, the splenial and thalamic connections, as well as the laterally crossing fibers of the isthmic cingulum, were all in jeopardy. The connectional anatomy of the retrosplenial area is much more complicated than previously known. The isthmic cingulum connections may explain the concept of interhemispheric and medial to lateral cerebral hemisphere invasion patterns in medial parieto-occipital and posteromesial temporal gliomas. The isthmic cingulum is of key importance in posteromedial interhemispheric approaches to both: the atrium and the posterior mesial temporal lobe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to respond to two questions posed by previous commentators concerning the arrangement of Trimalchio's porticus as described in Petronius' Satyrica (Sat. 29): first, whether the freedman's house lacked an atrium; second, whether the cursores (runners) who are described as unconventionally exercising in the portico were pictorial representations or real-life athletes who would symbolize the social incompetence of the dominus. This paper argues that nothing in the text supports the interpretation of Trimalchio's house as having an unconventional architectural layout. Instead, as the narrative requires that Encolpius move quickly towards the triclinium, in his description the loca communia appear conflated, while he only sparsely notices a few relevant elements of the decor. The presentation of Trimalchio's porticus appears to have a functional rather than a simply descriptive purpose: it symbolizes both Roman contemporary practices (the loca communia as a distinctive unit within the domus) and the influence of Greek cultural habits (the characteristic association of colonnaded courtyards and athletics). The excerpt that describes the guests' arrival at Trimalchio's house, therefore, serves an important narrative function, providing essential information about the character's origins, self-image and social life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adult patients with atrial septal defects (ASD), the most common form of adult congenital heart disease, often die of arrhythmias, and the immaturity of cardiomyocytes contributes significantly to arrhythmias. ASD typically induces a left-to-right shunt, which then leads to the right atrium (RA) volume overload (VO). Whether or notVOcontributes to RA cardiomyocyte immaturity and thereby causes arrhythmias in adult patients with ASD remains unclear. Methods: Here, we developed the first neonatal RA VO mouse model by creating a fistula between the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta on postnatal day 7. RA VO was confirmed by increases in the mean flow velocity, mean pressure gradient, and velocity time integral across the tricuspid valve, and an increase in the RA diameter and RA area middle section. Results: We found that VO decreased the regularity and length of sarcomeres, and decreased the T-element density, regularity, and index of integrity of T-tubules in RA cardiomyocytes, suggesting that the two most important maturation hallmarks (sarcomere and T-tubules) of RA cardiomyocytes were impaired by VO. Accordingly, the calcium handling capacity of cardiomyocytes from postnatal day 21 (P21) RA was decreased by VO. VO caused a significant elongation of the PR interval. The expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) was decreased in RA VO. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) analysis of the downregulated genes in RA demonstrated that there was an abundance of enriched terms associated with sarcomeres and Ttubules exposed to VO. The results were further verified by qRT-PCR. Conclusions: In conclusion, the first neonatal RA VO mouse model was developed; furthermore, using this neonatal RA VO mouse model, we revealed that VO impeded RA sarcomere and T-tubule maturation, which may be the underlying causes of atrial arrhythmias in adult patients with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To achieve evacuation-optimized design at the architectural planning phase, this study analyzed the effect of floor openings in multipurpose commercial buildings on their evacuation efficiency. Herein, the IFC Mall in Yeouido, Seoul, Korea was considered the study site, because all the factors influencing the evacuation efficiency can be controlled owing to the underground location of all floors. Therefore, all evacuees followed the same evacuation direction. Comprehensively, a spatial analysis methodology(Cellular ECEM) was employed to derive the evacuation costs through the sum of visibility cost and distance cost. Subsequently, the evacuation costs were compared in all cases to review the hindrances in evacuation according to the type and area ratio of the planned floor opening, and several causes of evacuation cost deviations were discussed. Overall, increasing the area of the floor opening deteriorates the evacuation efficiency. The evacuation efficiency increased if the area of the floor opening is appropriately separated and a bridge is constructed in the middle to connect a path. Furthermore, following the longer path around the floor opening to use the main vertical means of circulation, owing to the connection between the atrium and floor opening, is more vulnerable toward evacuation efficiency than other floor opening types.

Abstract Background Radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and level IV thrombus extending to the right atrium (RA) offers improved survival. However, this procedure is associated with significant perioperative morbidity and mortality. In this report, we describe a novel milking technique for patients with RA tumor thrombus using abdominal access, which does not require diaphragmic incision, sternotomy, right atriotomy, or cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods Between January 2019 and January 2022, four patients underwent resection of renal cell carcinoma extending into RA by a milking technique developed to avoid diaphragmic incision, sternotomy, or CPB. Patient characteristics, perioperative data, pathological features, and survival were evaluated. Results Complete resection was successful through pure transabdominal access without diaphragmic incision, sternotomy, or CPB in all patients. Conclusion We conclude that radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy in optimized cases with renal cell carcinoma extending into RA can be safely and effectively performed without diaphragmic incision, sternotomy, or CPB, avoiding serious perioperative complications while providing acceptable oncological outcomes.

A patient with a history of endocarditis developed a fistula between the aorta and right atrium requiring surgical repair. The patient underwent surgical intervention with closure of the fistula using an autologous pericardial patch and primary repair. This report is significant because a rare surgical pathology is visualized clearly and provides an educational value to aid other clinicians in the recognition and management of this unusual diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ventilation systems are mainly responsible for maintaining the quality of indoor air. Together with thermal comfort maintenance systems, they create appropriate conditions for living, working, learning, sleeping, etc., depending on the type of building. This explains the high popularity of research in this area. This paper presents a review of articles published in the years 2020–2023, which are indexed in the Scopus database and found with keywords "ventilation" and "thermal comfort" in conjunction with the type of building or predominant activity. Finally, 88 selected works for five types of buildings were discussed, namely offices, schools, hospitals, bedrooms, and atriums. Data on publications are summarized in the tables, taking into account the publishing year, country of origin of the authors, and keywords. In this way, the latest directions in research were presented, and research groups dealing with this subject were highlighted. For each type of building, synthetic conclusions were presented, summarizing the results of the analyzed research. This review paper would be helpful for scientists and practitioners in the field of ventilation in order to organize knowledge and in a short time be up to date with the latest research showing how ventilation affects the quality of use of buildings by their users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and level IV thrombus extending to the right atrium (RA) offers improved survival. However, this procedure is associated with significant perioperative morbidity and mortality. In this report, we describe a novel milking technique for patients with RA tumor thrombus using abdominal access, which does not require diaphragmic incision, sternotomy, right atriotomy, or cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: Between January 2019 and January 2022, four patients underwent resection of renal cell carcinoma extending into RA by a milking technique developed to avoid diaphragmic incision, sternotomy, or CPB. Patient characteristics, perioperative data, pathological features, and survival were evaluated. Results: Complete resection was successful through pure transabdominal access without diaphragmic incision, sternotomy, or CPB in all patients. Conclusion: We conclude that radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy in optimized cases with renal cell carcinoma extending into RA can be safely and effectively performed without diaphragmic incision, sternotomy, or CPB, avoiding serious perioperative complications while providing acceptable oncological outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatoblastoma (HB) in children with both lung and right atrial metastases is an unusual situation. The therapy for these cases is challenging and the prognosis is not good. We present three children with HB showing both lung and right atrial metastases and who underwent surgery and received preoperative/postoperative adjuvant-combined chemotherapy to achieve complete remission. Therefore, HB with lung and right atrial metastases could have a good prognosis through active and multidisciplinary treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 10-year-old female spayed mixed breed dog was evaluated for diarrhea and vomiting. Diagnostic imaging demonstrated the presence of an intracardiac mass. A modified Seldinger technique was used to access the right jugular vein, and an endomyocardial biopsy forceps was introduced through a sheath to obtain several biopsies. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry demonstrated a paraganglioma. The dog underwent 1 fraction of radiotherapy and l-asparaginase chemotherapy and was discharged. The dog developed a pulmonary thromboembolism 2 days after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and the owner elected humane euthanasia. Although long-term assessment of treatment response was unable to be performed, this novel diagnostic option could be considered for similar cases due to success in obtaining a histopathologic diagnosis, which is essential in developing a disease-specific treatment plan. This report also describes the use of radiotherapy for primary treatment of an intracardiac neoplasm, which can be a consideration in the future.

This article aims to investigate the impact exerted by different types of covering an atrium with glazing on the energy performance of a kindergarten building, provided by the authors as a conceptual design. The considered types of atria included an open atrium, a glazed atrium, and an atrium that operated as a hybrid system. Additionally, the following aspects were taken into consideration: the effect of a glazing-integrated PV system (BIPV); the variety of thermal features represented by the inner boundary between the conditioned and the unconditioned space (Uiu); and the atrium space air-exchange ratio (nue) on the energy balance of the building. Energy performance indicators, including energy demands for space heating and cooling (Eu), delivered energy (Ed), and primary energy (Ep) indicators for heating and cooling mode were estimated for the moderate climates and two locations of the building model, i.e., for Warsaw (Central Poland) and Ahlbeck (Northern Germany). The research results prove that the glazed atrium exerts the most beneficial impact on the energy performance of the building. Nevertheless, certain variables must be considered, especially the air-exchange ratio of the atrium space, as they significantly influence the total annual energy performance. The results obtained with regard to the effect exerted by the presence of BIPV systems differ from those usually expected. This is due to the effect of the total solar-energy-transmittance value (g) modulation caused by the system and, finally, by a significant reduction in passive solar-gain harvesting, which is important for heating-mode results in examined climate conditions. Taking the present analysis into account, it can be concluded that the energy and environmental effects of the glazed integrated PV systems in temperate climates are strongly influenced by the environmental conditions, and, in some cases, these solutions may prove to be not efficient enough in terms of the energy and costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The indoor environment simulation and optimization of atrium buildings are a research hotspot in the field of architectural technology. This article presents linear atrium buildings as the research object, introduces DeST simulation technology into thermal environment analysis, and studies the dynamic conditions and typical day time, the atrium itself structure, the structure of the rooms around the atrium and the thermal environment of the atrium space and its adjacent rooms. In the research process, two modes of natural ventilation and air conditioning were considered, and the optimal atrium building structure parameters under different outdoor weather conditions were obtained. The research results show that in natural ventilation mode, the thermal comfort temperature is the best when the atrium's aspect ratio is 1.71; when using the air-conditioning mode, the air conditioning load is the smallest when the atrium's aspect ratio is 1.55. In summer, the thermal environment of the linear A-shaped atrium is better than the H-shaped atrium. When the atrium window hole position is about 0.9 ∼ 1.5 m, the thermal environment is comfortable and energy saving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carvedilol is a nonspecific β-blocker clinically used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases but has also been shown to have profound effects on excitation-contraction coupling and Ca signaling at the cellular level. We investigate the mechanism by which carvedilol facilitates Ca transient (CaT) and action potential duration (APD) alternans in rabbit atrial myocytes. Carvedilol lowered the frequency threshold for pacing-induced CaT alternans and facilitated alternans in a concentration-dependent manner. Carvedilol prolonged the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca release refractoriness by significantly increasing the time constant τ of recovery of SR Ca release; however, no changes in L-type calcium current recovery from inactivation or SR Ca load were found after carvedilol treatment. Carvedilol enhanced the degree of APD alternans nearly two-fold. Carvedilol slowed the APD restitution kinetics and steepened the APD restitution curve at the pacing frequency (2 Hz) where alternans were elicited. No effect on the CaT or APD alternans ratios was observed in experiments with a different β-blocker (metoprolol), excluding the possibility that the carvedilol effect on CaT and APD alternans was determined by its β-blocking properties. These data suggest that carvedilol contributes to the generation of CaT and APD alternans in atrial myocytes by modulating the restitution of CaT and APD.

This article questions the impact of the spatial configuration on user behavior and economic performance in the multi-level shopping center of Ritaj Mall in Constantine, Algeria. For ten years, large private real estate operators invest in different kinds of commercial building. The arrival of this new shopping complex in Algerian cities sis an opportunity to examine the question of architectural quality, especially that numerous papers and the theses have criticized the architectural production in Algerian, mainly in the residential and public sectors. Through the spatial analysis of the circulation spaces, the movement distribution and the architectural design parameters, the objective of this text is to better understand the correlation between “conceived” spaces and “lived” spaces. Their correlation constitutes a determining index of spatial qualities. For this purpose, an analysis is adopted according to a method of space syntax and completed by empirical surveys, and statistical correlation. Essentially, this paper shows that the axiality and interconnectedness of spaces largely determine the spatial quality of a commercial building. In addition, the central space (atrium) plays a determining role in the distribution of user flows over all vertical and horizontal spaces and extensions. It also shows the importance of spatial accessibility parameters in the distribution of economic and social activities.

Abstract Background During development a pool of precursors form a heart with atrial and ventricular chambers that exhibit distinct transcriptional and electrophysiological properties. Normal development of these chambers is essential for full term survival of the fetus, and deviations result in congenital heart defects. The large number of genes that may cause congenital heart defects when mutated, and the genetic variability and penetrance of the ensuing phenotypes, reveals a need to understand the molecular mechanisms that allow for the formation of chamber-specific cardiomyocyte differentiation. Methods We used in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and functional analyses to identify the consequences of the loss of the secreted semaphorin, Sema3fb, in the development of the zebrafish heart by using two sema3fb CRISPR mutant alleles. Results We find that in the developing zebrafish heart sema3fb mRNA is expressed by all cardiomyocytes, whereas mRNA for a known receptor Plexina3 (Plxna3) is expressed preferentially by ventricular cardiomyocytes. In sema3fb CRISPR zebrafish mutants, heart chamber development is impaired; the atria and ventricles of mutants are smaller in size than their wild type siblings, apparently because of differences in cell size and not cell numbers. Analysis of chamber differentiation indicates defects in chamber specific gene expression at the border between the ventricular and atrial chambers, with spillage of ventricular chamber genes into the atrium, and vice versa, and a failure to restrict specialized cardiomyocyte markers to the atrioventricular canal (AVC). The hypoplastic heart chambers are associated with decreased cardiac output and heart edema. Conclusions Based on our data we propose a model whereby cardiomyocytes secrete a Sema cue that, because of spatially restricted expression of the receptor, signals in a ventricular chamber-specific manner to establish a distinct border between atrial and ventricular chambers that is important to produce a fully functional heart. Video abstract

• The positive effect of the atrium on the heating energy consumption and the negative effect on the cooling energy consumption. • The atrium needs a canopy and shade in order to prevent the waste of cooling consumption. • Atrium's need for a static system to reduce cooling energy consumption. Energy consumption management in building designs, which designers practice today, has been helping reduce operational and implementation costs. These design techniques can be utilized in the long run as well. As a traditional element of the Iranian architecture, central courtyards have been playing a major role in reducing energy consumption and providing comfort to the occupants. Atriums, as transparent spaces, also help reduce energy consumption through sunlight. In addition, they provide residents with a sense of satisfaction through thermal comfort and lighting during the day in buildings. The present research aims to compare the performance of central courtyards and atriums as well as their combination to determine their effects on energy consumption reduction in an educational building. The case study proposed for this research was Yazd City, Iran. This research designed the school building in two different states and simulated it in DesignBuilder software. The building had only one central courtyard in the first state, while the central courtyard was converted into an atrium in the second one. Simulation process results showed that the conversion of the central courtyard into an atrium helped reduce heating and lighting energy consumption by 30 and 51%, respectively. In addition, the amount of cooling energy consumption in the case of the atrium with no canopy increased by about 32%, which could be reduced by 27% via using shading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Posterior temporal craniotomy allows for the exposure of the superior surface of the planum temporale. Heschl's gyrus is the most prominent structure of the planum temporale and can be an anatomical landmark to approach deep brain structures such as the internal capsule, lateral thalamus, and ventricular atrium. Methods: Ten human cadavers' heads underwent a posterior bilateral temporal craniotomy and the microsurgical dissection of Heschl's gyrus was performed and variables were measured with a neuronavigation system and statistically analyzed. Results: The mean distance between the keyhole and Heschl's gyrus was 61.7 ± 7.3 mm, the mean distance between the stephanion to Heschl's gyrus was 40.8 ± 6.0 mm, and the mean distance between the temporal lobe and Heschl's gyrus was 54.9 ± 6.9 mm. The length of Heschl's gyrus was 24 ± 7.5 mm, and the inclination angle in the axial plane was 20.0 ± 3.7° having the vertex as its deepest point as the base on the surface of the temporal plane. From Heschl's gyrus, the distance from the surface to the internal capsule was 29.1 ± 5.6 mm, the distance to the lateral thalamus was 34.8 ± 7.3 mm, and the distance to the ventricular atrium was 39.6 ± 7.2 mm. No statistical difference was found between the right and left sides. Conclusions: Through a posterior temporal craniotomy, the temporal planum is exposed by opening the Sylvian fissure, where Heschl's gyrus can be identified and used as a natural corridor to approach the internal capsule, the ventricular atrium, and the lateral thalamus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is essential to incorporate energy-efficient strategies into designs to minimize building energy consumption. Atrium and earth-sheltering are energy-efficient strategies that researchers implement. However, the literature did not consider their integration extensively. We investigate this integration to find out their effect on each other and if it is beneficial to use them together or not. This research’s main issue is providing solutions for optimal integration in earth-sheltered atrium design. We implemented Climate-Based Daylight Modelling for considering atrium form, proportion, and its integration with earth-sheltering for optimizing the building lighting and energy efficiency in a reciprocating process by grasshopper Plugin and its extensions. Our contributions in this paper investigate different kinds of atriums and earth-sheltering separately to find their best version initially. Five atria form alternatives, three different proportions with different WWR (window-to-wall ratio), and four versions of burial depth in the earth-sheltered model, and consider their integration to realize their impact on each other and find the best integration mode. These analyses showed that atrium usage causes an average overall energy consumption enhancement compared to the same building without an atrium and the same opening ratio. It also showed that this integration has its disadvantages decrement and strength reinforcement. In a way, earth-sheltering in a building with an atrium reduces energy consumption. In earth-sheltered non-atrium buildings, despite cooling and heating consumption decrement, overall energy consumption increases due to high lighting consumption. In contrast, the atrium in the half-earth-sheltered building reduces energy consumption more than in a non-earth-sheltered building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In model experiments reproducing the holiday heart syndrome in rats, a discrepancy between the depolarization of the right and left atria has been revealed, which manifested by an atypical arrangement of positive and negative cardiopotentials in the cardioelectric field on the body surface during the P wave and the absence of inversion of the areas of cardioelectric potentials before the onset of P waves in lead II ECG from the limbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the variation in left atrial (LA) and biventricular strain and its prognostic value in the course of suspected myocarditis, this retrospective study included 55 patients with clinically suspected myocarditis who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) examinations at baseline and follow-up periods. Cine images were used for feature tracking analysis. Paired Student's t test, McNemar's test, and Cox proportional hazard regression were used for statistical analysis. The LA total emptying fraction was the only functional index that showed a statistically significant improvement. The initial LA peak's late negative strain rate (SRa) was the only parameter with a significant predictive power of major adverse cardiac events under univariable (hazard ratio [HR] 2.396, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.044–5.498, p = 0.039) and multivariable Cox survival analysis when adjusted by LA strain parameters (HR 5.072, 95% CI 1.478–17.404, p = 0.010), LA strain and functional parameters (HR 7.197, 95% CI 1.679–30.846, p = 0.008), and LA and biventricular strain and functional parameters (HR 10.389, 95% CI 2.250–47.977, p = 0.003). Thus, our findings indicate that CMR strain is useful for monitoring LA and ventricular function in suspected myocarditis, that LA function may recover preceding ventricular function changes, and that LA strain may serve as an incremental tool to predict adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]