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The stratigraphical features and palaeoenvironmental conditions of the upper Cenomanian–lower Coniacian carbonates from the northern part of the Aures Range are described for the first time. Four formations have been recognised, namely the Arris, Adahri, Yabous, and Bou Ouali, respectively. Planktonic foraminifera enable us to assign the upper part of the Arris Formation and the lower part of the Adahri Formation to the Middle–Upper Cenomanian (Rotalipora sp. cf. R. cushmani Total Range Zone), the upper part of the Adahri Formation to the Cenomanian–Turonian Transition to the lower Turonian (Whiteinella archaeocretacea Partial Range Zone and Helvetoglobotruncana helvetica Total-Range Zone, respectively), the lower member of the Yabous Formation to the middle Turonian (Marginotruncana sigali Partial Range Zone), and the upper member of the Yabous Formation to the upper Turonian (Marginotruncana schneegansi Partial Range Zone). The Turonian–Coniancian boundary was dated approximately. This biozonation enables a correlation with several upper Cenomanian–lower Coniacian sections outside Algeria, mainly within the Tethyan and Boreal domains. Based on the field data, and microfacies studies, the strata of these formations are arranged into eleven microfacies types (MT 1 to MT 11) that are described in terms of depositional environments, and grouped into three main facies associations (FA 1, FA 2, and FA 3): (i) a deep shelf-basin facies zone; (ii) marginal sand shoals, an open-marine/restricted platform facies zone; and (iii) an outer platform and toe-of-slope/distal slope facies zone. Analysis of the sequence stratigraphy has allowed the recognition of three third-order depositional sequences grouped into two megasequences and correlated to a regional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantities of litter were evaluated over a period of two years (2012 and 2013) in the oak grove of Larbaa (south of the province of Batna) by the installation, under the cover of trees, of a litter trap. The fallen litters were collected monthly, and then analyzed to measure N, P and K contents. Concerning the used statistical methods, nutrient results were subjected to ANOVA Analysis. The present research revealed that the studied oak grove received 1.3 to 1.55 tons of total litter per hectare and per year. These litters ensured a supply of the soil in mineral elements N, P and K with quantities varied between 53.34 and 60.40 kg / ha. Contributions were dominated by the nitrogen element, supplied in large quantities by oak leaves. On the other hand, the monthly variation in the amount of litter and their NPK contents was significant, whereas the interannual variation was not significant. This study revealed an important part of biogeochemical cycle of nutrients in the oak grove. Because, it highlights the contributions of litterfall inputs, which is considered as natural fertilizer to enrich the forest soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coniacian-Santonian series in the Aures Mountains of northeastern Algeria is characterized by marly-dominated sedimentation processes. This study aims to comprehensively investigate this series by combining lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic data. The unique paleogeographic position of the Aures basin supports the co-occurrence of diverse paleontological contents in the Upper Cretaceous sediments. The methodology employed in this study includes a detailed bio-lithostratigraphic analysis to subdivide the Coniacian-Santonian series into two distinct sets. The first set comprises alternating marl-limestone units that exhibit a high fossil concentration from the Coniacian age, while the second set mainly consists of marly sediments corresponding to the Santonian age. The results obtained from this study highlight the geographical distribution of litho-biostratigraphic characteristics and reveal the presence of two formations. The lower formation is characterized by carbonated marls intercalated with limestone banks, containing fossils of Peroniceras (Tissotia tissoto) from the Coniacian age. Meanwhile, the upper formation is predominantly marly and indicates the Santonian age by displaying fossils of Palcenticeras polypsis. Furthermore, a biostratigraphic analysis focused on foraminifers allows for the subdivision of the Coniacian-Santonian series in the Aures Mountains into three distinct biozones. The first biozone corresponds to the lower Coniacian age and is identified by the presence of Dicarinella primitiva. The second biozone represents the middle to upper coniacian age and contains Dicarinella concavata fossils. Finally, the third biozone, belonging to the Santonian age, is marked by the occurrence of Dicarinella asymetrica. The boundary between the Coniacian and Santonian series in the Aures Mountains is characterized by the first appearance of Dicarinella asymetrica and Palcenticeras polypsis species. This multidisciplinary study provides valuable insights into the litho-biostratigraphic characteristics and geographical distribution of the Coniacian-Santonian series in the Aures Mountains. The findings make a significant contribution to a better understanding of sedimentary processes and the paleontological content within this region during the Upper Cretaceous period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Maastrichtian-Thanetian Ncham Member of the Aurès Basin in northeastern Algeria contains variably lenticular microfossils, which are defined as Laffitteina genera. It is a large benthic foraminifera, studied from three stratigraphic sections. The systematic study of Laffitteina led identification of nine species, four of which, Laffitteina marsicana, L. aff. mengaudi, L. monodi and L. erki were recorded for the first time in the study area. Various species of Laffitteina were used as index fossils to recognize the K/Pg transition in the Aurès Basin. The last occurrence of L. oztuerki marks the end of the Maastrichtian, which was found in association with Omphalocyclus macroporus (Lamarck) in the upper Maastrichtian. The first occurrence of L. erki marks the Thanetian age, while the Danian and Selandian deposits are missing in the field after a general emersion in the early Paleocene, despite the absence of a visible non unconformity. It could therefore be proposed that the K/Pg transition may occurs in the last 10 m of the Ncham Member. Concerning the paleoenvironment, Laffitteina is considered as a resistant foraminifera and thrives in meso-to eutrophic environments (lagoon). Microfacies data from the Upper Cretaceous-Lower Paleogene limestones of the Aurès Basin suggests a carbonate platform with shallowing-up sequential organization, mainly controlled by fluctuations in sea-level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Levaillant's Woodpecker Picus vaillantii is a primary cavity nester, endemic to the forests of northern Africa, including the cedar forest in Aurès Mountains. This species, similar to all woodpeckers, is important for the integrity of ecosystems, especially as it provides nesting cavities and contributes to the availability of habitats for several secondary cavity nesters that cannot excavate their hollows. This work aim to characterise the Levaillant's Woodpecker's nest cavities and to test the effect of local climatic conditions on the size and orientation of these cavities. Surveys were carried out in the breeding seasons of 2018 and 2019 using the point count method to search for the nests. Based on nest measurements conducted on a total of 52 available nest cavities, our results reveal that entrances are dominated by round shapes (94.2%) as compared to oval shapes. The mean height and width values of the cavity entrances were found to be 7.26 ± 1.51 centimetres and 7.11 ± 1.44 centimetres. The depth of the internal chamber and its width were estimated to be 35.42 ± 7.82 centimetres and 17.95 ± 4.01 centimetres, respectively. Unlike the average values of the volumes of the internal chamber, those relating to the entrance area and orientation vary significantly according to altitude and climatic conditions. Indeed, when climbing towards the summits, the cavities widen and turn to the west-southwest. This behaviour of the Levaillant's Woodpecker seems to help it to benefit from maximum sunshine at high altitudes and to avoid predators and competitors more abundant at medium or low altitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La notion de patrimoine culturel est présentée dans cet article comme un élément de reconnaissance de la richesse et de la valorisation de lieux porteurs de mémoire et qui peuvent donc constituer un facteur de développement local dans certaines régions. En effet, le patrimoine culturel reflète l'identité d'un lieu, relie la population à son passé, garantit les identités locales et permet le développement économique et touristique. Notre article traite de la question du patrimoine culturel, de sa valorisation et de sa protection dans la région montagneuse et rurale des Aurès en Algérie. C'est une question qui reflète les préoccupations d'une certaine catégorie de la population locale et de nous-mêmes en matière de sauvegarde de cette richesse contre les formes de négligence. Car la région des Aurès est riche en potentialités culturelles et en villages historiques mais pauvre en actions du fait de l'absence totale d'une politique de promotion et de valorisation de son patrimoine culturel et naturel, ce qui l'a rendue mal connue et sous-développée touristiquement. - The notion of cultural heritage is presented in this article as an element of recognition of the richness and the valorisation of places that are bearers of memory and that can therefore constitute a factor of local development in certain regions. Indeed, cultural heritage reflects the identity of a place, connects the population to its past, guarantees local identities and allows economic and tourist development. Our article deals with the issue of cultural heritage, its enhancement and protection in the mountainous and rural region of the Aurès in Algeria. It is an issue that reflects the concerns of a certain category of the local population and of ourselves in terms of safeguarding this wealth against forms of neglect. For the Aurès region is rich in cultural potential and historical villages but poor in actions due to the total absence of a policy of promotion and enhancement of its cultural and natural heritage, which has made it poorly known and underdeveloped for tourism.

The article describes forest inventory projects, sponsored by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in the Aurés mountains of eastern Algeria. It mentions that it aimed at bordering the mouth of the great Casamance River, south of Senegal; and the Chimanes Forest, in the central Bolivia.

Today, cultural heritage has become one of the foundations of tourism activity. Wherever it is well managed, tourism investment has a real chance to develop and flourish. A rigorous cultural heritage management strategy can reduce the economic backwardness and marginalisation of historic and traditional villages, particularly those in the Oued Labiod valley in the Aurès, which are the subject of this article, through the promotion of tourism. This article aims to clarify the close link between cultural tourism and heritage enhancement and how this sector can be a resource for regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mus spretus is endemic to the Mediterranean region and Jaculus orientalis is only found in North Africa and Saudi Arabia. Their presence in Algeria was previously evidenced in other studies, the present paper focuses on the recent discovery of the Jaculus orientalis Erxleben, 1777 and Mus spretus Lataste, 1883 in a new locality of the East of Algeria, in Khenchela region (Aurès Mountain), based on weight and external measurements. The sampling period took four months between April and July 2019. This observation will enrich the knowledge of Algerian Rodents fauna in general and of Khenchela in particular.

An unpublished dedication to Mars, discovered in Zoui (Vazaiui), gives the first mention of ala Pannoniorum on the site. Combined with other clues, the numerous attestations of auxiliary units that were found suggest that this statio was a checkpoint at the beginning of a road opened in A.D. 100 towards Lambaesis. In this sector of Numidia, the imperial interventions and the mention of soldiers of different ranks do not indicate the existence of a threat that justified the presence of a defensive force. Rather, the military presence appears to have involved control of travel and roads, maintaining order, or intervening in imperial estates.

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One species of the family Ctenodactylidae, the Common gundi, Ctenodactylus gundi, occupies a restricted area between the Saharan and Mediterranean domains where annual rainfall is between 50 and 400 mm. Its presence seems also conditioned by the vegetation, so its feeding ecology was investigated by the microhistological analysis of faeces collected in two stations (Baniane and Bazem) of the Aurès massif (Eastern Algeria) during two years from June 2015 to May 2017, and by the evaluation of the available food. The diet included a total of 34 plant species, 16 in Baniane and 20 in Bazem. Results show that in Baniane, Asteraceae were predominant with Artemisia herba-alba (relative abundance, A% = 33.13%), followed by Fabaceae with Argyrolobium uniflorum (A% = 20.32%) and Poaceae with Aristida sp. (A% = 14.95%). In Bazem, the most consumed plant species were Lamiaceae with Thymus ciliatus (A% = 42.77%) and Poaceae with Lolium rigidum (A% = 13.19%). Overall, C. gundi fed on a large number of plant species, and its diet appeared to be influenced more by the diversity than by the availability of vegetation. Seasonal variations in diet indicate that this rodent eats perennial vegetation throughout the year and opportunistically consumes annual plants to a lesser extent in the spring, with a certain time shifting between the two stations probably due to rainfall and temperature differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study carried out in the Aures region (Algeria) between September 2018 and March 2019, allowed us to identify spontaneous plants used in the region and gather all the information concerning the therapeutic practices of the local population. Based on a series of ethnobotanical surveys, we have identified 112 medicinal species belonging to 49 families, of which Asteraceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae and Cupressaceae are the most represented. The leaves were the most used plant parts (28.86%), and the decoction (37.68%) represents the most frequently used mode of preparation. In addition, the remedies were prepared essentially from single species (81.15%) and were used mainly in the treatment of digestive disorders (23.99%). The study has also shown that women, married people, the elderly and illiterates people had the better knowledge of the use of medicinal plants. These results indicate that local population has a fairly deep empirical and traditional knowledge of phytotherapy. However, this knowledge is endangered mainly because of the mode of transmission which is based on oral tradition and an urgent transcription is needed to avoid the loss of this heritage.

On croit avoir tout dit en prononçant le mot famille comme s’il s’agissait d’un mot magique, on s’interdit de penser repenser beaucoup de choses, à une fiction largement ancrée dans l’inconscient sémantique. A partir de cela, on ne peut aucunement nier la diversité sociale et culturelle qui s’incarne à travers les pratiques socio-interculturelles au sein de la famille algérienne en générale et la famille chaouie en particulier, étant donné que cette dernière se caractérise par des pratiques sociales et interculturelles ; telles que les traditions, la langue..., qui représentent en tout et pour tout son identité mais aussi une source, voire une référence pour pouvoir cohabiter avec l’autre, pour une appartenance collective. - We think we have said everything by pronouncing the word family as if it was magic word. We refrain from thinking of many things, to a fiction largely rooted in the semantic unconscious. From this, we cannot deny social and cultural diversity that is embodied through social-cultural practices within the Algerian family in general and the Chaoui family in particular, since this later is characterized by social and intercultural practice; such as traditions language which represents in all and for all its identity but also a source or a reference to be able to coexist with the other for a collective membership.

The rural world in Algeria has long been the subject of ethnological studies; socio-cultural, architectural and urban studies, registered within the context of a traditional society. Even today, this nostalgia for the traditional is ever-present in research, although the changes that have occurred since independence have transformed this rurality and have given birth to new contemporary realities. Adaptive responses from people and the public authorities come to meet the needs that accompany these realities. The purpose of this research is to highlight the functioning of this changing rurality, and the way of occupying it. To do this, the town of Tigharghar, in the heart of Aures, will be our object of study. It is a revealing rural space, where we witness the gradual death of a traditional settlement and the flowering birth of another which represents the space event modifying the functioning of the area. To reach our objectives we adopt a qualitative approach combined with our skills in urban architecture to establish field work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the context of recent climate changes and their impact on the vegetation cover in the southern shore of the Mediterranean, this paper deals with the potential distribution in the present and the future of the Aleppo pine in the north‐east of Algeria. Accordingly, this study focuses on modelling of the spatiotemporal distribution of the Aurasian Aleppo pine, by means of MaxEnt program. The models developed with MaxEnt showed good predictivity with AUC > 0.80 for the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios projected, respectively, for 2055 and 2085. The results showed that the annual thermal amplitude followed by altitude appear to be the main factors of the spatiotemporal distribution of Aleppo pine in the study area. Under current conditions, only 20% of the territory seems favourable to the presence of the Aleppo pine. However, future predictions expect an extension of the areas classified as "moderately favourable" to the Aleppo pine. In response to climate changes, the Aurasian Aleppo pine may display two contrasted tendencies: a progressive evolution in the north, and a regressive evolution in the south of the Aurès region as well as a displacement of suitable areas for Aleppo pine to the north. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CGarah, K., Chafai, C. and Bentouati, A. Évolution spatio-temporelle des écosystèmes forestiers à pin d’Alep de l'Aurès oriental en Algérie. 2016. Lebanese Science Journal, 17(2): 104-116. The present study falls within the framework of a characterization of the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use between 1987 and 2014 of a forest area located in eastern Aures. The method of diachronic comparison of satellite images was adopted. Results revealed profound regressive changes in aurasian forest during the last 27 years (from 1987 to 2014). This regression of vegetation cover is mainly localized in Aleppo pine forest stands which predominates the study area. The current degradation would be related to recent climate changes which have amplified the regression of certain forest ecosystems of the region.

Copyright of Journal of Arabian Sciences Heritage is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Algerian Journal of Arid Environment (AJAE) is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé Une approche intégrant les données lithologiques, micropaléontologiques et statistiques a été menée sur les échantillons provenant de 4 coupes (El Gaâga, Tighanimine, Menaa et El Kantara) implantés en domaines de plate-forme différenciée. Elle a permis de redéfinir la stratigraphie du transect étudié, d’apporter les informations sur les préférences paléoécologiques de taxons de foraminifères benthiques, planctoniques et d’ostracodes et de décrypter des espèces indicatrices des paléoenvironnements au cours du Crétacé terminal (Campanien-Maastrichtien). Le Campano-Maastrichtien dans les Aurès s’organise en paysages sous forme de doubles collines séparées par une partie médiane en légère dépression. Cette morphologie correspond à la composition généralement tripartite du Campanien-Maastrichtien avec un membre inférieur d’alternance marno-calcaire (membre Haraoua), un membre médian marneux (Membre Akhdar) et un membre supérieur de calcaires massifs (Membre Ncham). La régularité de cette trilogie est modifiée dans l’anticlinal de Dj. El Azereg par des réductions, voire des lacune, affectant visiblement les trois membres. L’inventaire des principaux foraminifères du Crétacé terminal (Campanien-Maastrichtien) de l’Aurès se solde par la détermination de 141 espèces (dont 93 de foraminifères benthiques et 48 de planctoniques). L’application des concepts de la biostratigraphie sur l’ensemble des foraminifères planctoniques permis de distinguer différentes biozones, comprises entre le Campanien inférieur à El Gaâga et El Kantara (biozone à Globotruncanita elevata ) et le Maastrichtien (biozone à Contusotruncana contusa ). La biostratigraphie ainsi établie se révèle relativement fonctionnelle bien que l’absence de certains marqueurs ne permette pas une zonation très précise. An integrated study of the lithological, micropaleontoligical, sedimentological and statistical data has been done on samples taken from four geological sections (El Gaaga, Tighanimine and El Kantara) spread in different sea areas. This allowed to redefine the stratigraphy of the studied area to provide information about the benefits of some kinds of foraminifera, planktonic and ostracods in knowing the palaeoenvironment and identifying the types referring to the latter during the late cretaceous. The late creataceous appeared in Aures in a form of two hills separated by a light lowness. This morphology corresponds generally to the tripartite composition of the Campanian-Manstrichtian with lower member of limestone-marl (Haraoua Member), a median marl member (Akhdar Member) and an upper member of massive limestones (Ncham member). The regularity of this trilogy changed in the anticline of Dj. El Azereg through a reduction, visibly affecting the tree members. The study of the foraminifera in the late cretaceous (Campanian-Manstrichtian) in the Aures proved the existence of 141 species (48 planktonic and 93 benthic foraminifera). Applying the concepts of biostratigraphy mainly on the foraminifera allowed to distinguish different bizones, ranging from lower Campanian of El Gaaga and El Kantara cuts ( Globotruncanita elevata biozone) and Maastrichtian ( Contusotruncana contusa biozone). The biostratigraphical framework is thus relatively precise and helps precising for instance the position of some inconsistent boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The southern sector of the ancient Numidia province, formed by a huge mountain block called Aurès, occupied a special place in the history of North Africa, it was the main barrier to Roman expansion as well as a source of constant danger for the rich plains and Roman colonies in Numidia and even in Africa Proconsularis. In order to protect their possessions in those provinces and achieve their expansion Southward and Westward, Romans, set up an ingenious military system and organization that allowed Romans, to monitor efficiently the region and brought prosperity and peace, and The Roman army took an active part in the accomplishment of a policy of Romanization in Numidia, with the planning of the territory, the building of cities, roads, bridges, aqueducts

This paper is a study focuses on two concepts often used in political and scientific debates, namely urban renewal and sustainable development.The objectives of this study are, on the one hand, the analysis of the process of spontaneous urban renewal in the former Aurasian settlements and the search for a link between this process and the requirements of sustainable development, on the other hand. To do this, we chose the Dechra Beida, one of the oldest and most important human settlements of both the Aures and the agglomeration of Arris. Our approach consists of a comparative analysis of the urban fabric of the Dechra Beida on three different dates (1962, 2010 and 2016) and the data processing was carried out using the software QGIS (2.18.2) and Fractalyse (2.4.1).The results show that spontaneous urban renewal is a process that underpins the development of ancient human settlements and thus fits well with the objectives of sustainability. This is clearly highlighted by the rational use of natural resources as well as the recycling and reconstruction of the urban fabric, which limit the sprawl and waste of peripheral areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) to determine the seasonal variation of selected trace elements (Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Se and Fe) and some potential toxic elements (Cd, Pb and Br) in Juniperus thurifera subsp. africana Maire (Cupressaceae) a rare medicinal tree, growing indigenously in Aurès Mountains of Algeria. The precision of the results was assessed by analyzing the certified reference material IPE44 (WEPAL) grass leaves. Results showed J. thurifera was characterized by high Cr and Mn contents. During autumn and winter mineral concentrations were higher in general. The levels of Cr, Se and Mn were higher during autumn and winter than during spring and summer. Zn contents were higher during summer than in other seasons. Cu content did not vary by season. The potential toxic elements in J. thurifera (Pb > Cd > Br) were below the permissible limits recommended by the Joint WHO/FAO guidelines except for Pb in autumn and winter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After spreading among the pastoral communities of Tripolitania, Ibâḍism was quickly disseminated in the Aurès mountains and even in the oasis of Northern Sahara. Under the influence of Hawwâra, Banû Birzâl, Miknâsa and Banû Kimlân tribes, all converted to this religious stream, the province called Zāb by the Arabic authors was transformed into an Ibâḍî stronghold. Nomadism, a dominant way-of-life in this area, contributed to the diffusion of this doctrine and to the integration of rural communities under the authority of the Imamate of Tâhart. However, half a century later the Ibâḍî communities of the Zâb were reorganised into two rival branches : Wahbism and Nukkârism. This new situation occurred in a context of growing proselytizing activity displayed by Shi‘î and Sunnî Malikî based in the local urban centers, and caused a military reply of Nukkârism under Abû Yazîd’s leadership. Threatened by the dynasties of Northern Maghrib, the Ibâḍî communities either disappeared or moved away from their territories to take refuge into the oasis of Northern Sahara. Their decrease in size was accelerated by the arrival of the Banû Hilâl, giving birth to a new socioreligious map of the region.

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The functioning of Mediterranean ecosystems to daily or interannual scale presents an ecological and socio-economic interest. The intensive exploitation of natural resources of this ecosystem by the population has now reached a critical threshold. To this is added the effect of climate change leading to a drought that occurs mainly in the southern part. This leads to accelerated degradation of the ecosystem and requires the establishment of sustainable management rules. The objective of this study is to determine the contribution of multi-date satellite images in detecting global changes and monitoring of developments in the watershed of the Aurès Bouzina center. The approach is to use satellite images Landsat at different times (1986, 2001 and 2013) and sampling work for the confrontation with the ground truth, to conduct a thematic analysis of this environment, and view the global changes that have occurred in this area. The overall reading of the results of the tracking map changes, we notice a degradation of forest cover in ascending gradient from north to south and led to the reduction of vegetation cover drills. The area of irrigated crops registered an increase of grain. In favor of bare soils and wetlands, related to the influence of rivers, as well as the emergence of forage and vegetable crops. Bare soils dominated by a sandy texture are located primarily near areas of crops due to agricultural practices based on the intensification of agriculture as well as silting soil justified by an increase in bare soil. This work is a first step to track the degradation or restoration through ecological indicators field, related to remote sensing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflecting on a long itinerary of research in the Aurès begun in the 1970s, and the significance today of the ‘high’-cultural model of nationalism advanced by Ernest Gellner (which drew on Weberian sociology in principle and the example of Algeria empirically), this article considers the historical roots and the long-term consequences of the incorporation, via the Islamic reformist (islah) movement of Abdelhamid Ben Badis and his followers, of local cultural producers and local social spaces into an Algerian nation-state politically defined by the hegemony of the National Liberation Front (Front de Libération Nationale (FLN)). Close examination of local and familial strategies for the accumulation and reinvestment of spiritual capital reveals both the local importance, beginning in the 1930s, of linkages to the emerging national sphere and the absence, at a national level, of competition for religious and cultural legitimacy that would contest the imposition of a uniform, hegemonic vision of national community. The reformist movement itself would suffer from the monopolisation of control after independence by the FLN party-state. While the limitations of this model, and the artificial consensus it created, were subsequently revealed in the obstacles to a critical intellectual life and the more radical disaffection of younger generations, it seems that there were few or no other ways, in the 1930s–50s, to articulate local society and national aspirations effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article examines the establishment, evolution, and disappearance of Ibâḍî communities in the Zâb province located between the Aurès Mountains and oases in Algeria, Northern Sahara, from the 8th to the 14th centuries. The author examines Ibâḍî and Wahhabi sources and discusses the Zâb territory as designated by Arab authors from the Middle Ages such as Ibn Sallâm al-Luwâtî. Topics include the province's religious situation during the second half of the 3rd century as reported by Shiite traveler Al-Ya`qûbî, the peace expedition by Caliph al-Mahdî among the Banû Birzâl and various Ibâḍî communities in Western Zâb, and the beginning of the spread of the Maliki religion.

Algeria is one of many countries which have a natural potential importance with its situation and its territorial sizes. Submit today to impulse of climate tinted by aridity, when the effects conjugate more and more with intense socialization of géosysteme especially in mountainous zones and steppe ones a big part of territory is threaten by desertification. In dowering, of the new generation of satellite of average resolution Alsat1, Algeria today is one of the countries, users of spatial information in different fields especially the mapping of natural resources. This work which consist the realisation of soils occupation map of the Aurès region. This map makes it possible to do a locality state, of vegetal cover and its spatial articulation with the other environment components. We used the Alsat1 picture (13 March 207 scene) which it consist of three spectral bands of 32 m resolution. For this purpose, the methodology approach has been determined when in first time; a colored composition has been obtained for the location of samples and extraction of support points, then a geometry correction has been applied on the picture in order to georeference it in relation to of the topographic map. In a second time, a supervised classification based on maximum likelihood method has been used on the three channels of picture. The occupation map realized by the classification makes appearing of different themes selected (12 themes) when the big wholes stand out clearly, characterizing the different classes of soil occupation of the region. So the picture Alsat1 makes it possible to arrange the new information in the region of study and identify very quickly the big themes in presence and seize their spread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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