368 results on '"avion"'
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2. Selecting a cryogenic cooling system for superconducting machines: General considerations for electric machine designers and engineers.
- Author
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Yazdani-Asrami, Mohammad, Sadeghi, Alireza, and Atrey, Milind D.
- Subjects
- *
COOLING systems , *CRYOGENIC fluids , *ENGINEERS , *MACHINERY , *ELECTRIC machinery , *ELECTRIC machines - Abstract
• Selection of cooling system for superconducting machines requires a series of high-level considerations. • Different components of cooling system are discussed based on the prerequisites of a machine engineer and designer. • Technical and economic aspects of choosing a cryogenic fluid and the related system were discussed. • Specific considerations for aerospace, marine, and wind applications of superconducting machines were discussed. • Hydrogen and Turbo Brayton cryocoolers are discussed as future of cooling systems for superconducting machine in aviation. In this paper, general considerations for selecting a cryogenic cooling system for superconducting machine in different applications were explained with respect to the design, operation, and condition monitoring constraints. These considerations are explained so that they help electric machine engineers and designers to get familiar with cryogenic aspects of selecting and using cryogenic cooling system of superconducting machines. In fact, the main questions are: what are the important factors that one should take into account when selecting a cooling system for a superconducting machine application? Also, which one of these factors could later affect the performance of the cooling system so that it can efficiently cope with the expected heat load withoutfacing a thermal breakdown? To adress these questions, common cooling system structures, different cryogenic fluids, the associated parameters with the value of heat loads, and safety margins were discussed to help the machine engineers to choose the most appropriate cryogenic cooling system that adjusts better with their superconducting machine and the specific considerations that they might have. Some considerations regarding the auxiliary devices such as heat exchangers and pumps, were explained as the next priority in selecting a cooling system. Special challenges and considerations imposed to the cooling systems of superconducting machines in aerospace applications such as electric- and hydrogen-powered aircraft, naval applications, and wind energy application were also discussed. Although all of these applications share similar concerns like weight, cost, and specific mass of cooling systems, each one of them have their specific concerns and constraints which come with higher priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Runway roadkill: a global review of mammal strikes with aircraft.
- Author
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Ball, Samantha, Caravaggi, Anthony, and Butler, Fidelma
- Subjects
- *
ROADKILL , *MAMMAL populations , *WILDLIFE management , *EMERGENCY management , *SCIENTIFIC literature , *COLLISION damage to automobiles , *RUNWAYS (Aeronautics) - Abstract
The number of reported collisions (i.e. strikes) between aircraft and wildlife is increasing globally, with consequences for personnel and passenger safety as well as for industry economics. These are important considerations for airport operators that are obliged to mitigate wildlife hazards at airfields. Incidents involving mammals account for approximately 3–10% of all recorded strikes. However, relatively little research has been conducted on mammal strikes with aircraft outside of the USA.We collate mammal strike data from six major national aviation authorities and a global aircraft database and review the available scientific and grey literature. We aim to identify which mammal families are involved in strike events and how widespread the issue is on a global scale. We also aim to demonstrate the importance of consistently recording strike instances in national databases.We identified 40 families that were involved in strike events in 47 countries. Reported mammal strike events have been increasing by up to 68% annually. Chiroptera (4 families) accounted for the greatest proportion of strikes in Australia; leporids and canids in Canada, Germany and the UK; and Chiroptera (5 families) and cervids in the USA. More mammals were struck during the landing phase of an aircraft's rotation than any other phase. Circa‐diel strike risk was greatest at dusk and circa‐annum strike risk was greatest during late summer, with some international variation. The total estimated cost of damage resulting from reported mammal strikes exceeded US$103 million in the USA alone, over 30 years.Mammal strikes represent a substantial risk in airfield environments. Monitoring of existing wild mammal populations is required to understand temporal trends in presence, abundance, and activity patterns and to inform management decisions. Increased and accurate reporting of strike events globally is needed to inform Wildlife Hazard Management Plans and support effective strike mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. #Flygskam : le pouvoir de la honte de prendre l’avion pour gouverner le changement climatique
- Author
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Lucas Brunet
- Subjects
avion ,flygskam ,honte ,Instagram ,émotion ,règle de sentiment ,pouvoir ,emotion ,feeling rule ,shame ,plane ,power ,Political science (General) ,JA1-92 ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 - Abstract
Le terme suédois flygskam (avion-honte) désigne la honte de prendre l’avion à cause de sa contribution au changement climatique. À partir de 2018, cette honte s’est largement répandue sur les réseaux sociaux (#flygskam) jusqu’à constituer un mouvement de remise en question du transport aérien. Comment cette honte a-t-elle été suscitée, relativisée, reconvertie et quelles ont été ses conséquences politiques ? En analysant qualitativement les récits de honte partagés sur Instagram, l’article montre comment les voyageurs construisent leur expérience de la honte, et y réagissent. Dans la lignée des travaux de la sociologie des émotions, l’article appréhende la honte comme une émotion régulée pour répondre à certaines normes sociales qui définissent les émotions à ressentir et à exprimer selon les situations (règles de sentiment), et qui exigent, parfois, un travail émotionnel d’adaptation. Les voyageurs sensibilisés à l’environnement se conforment ainsi à une nouvelle règle émotionnelle de la honte de prendre l’avion, et ceux qui ne respectent pas cette règle peuvent être ciblés par des campagnes de honte. Pour conjuguer la honte prescrite par la règle de sentiment et le plaisir associé aux trajets aériens, certains voyageurs conduisent un travail émotionnel et se déculpabilisent en compensant les émissions générées par leurs voyages en avion. Enfin, la honte est reconvertie en fierté de voyager en train et donne lieu à l’instauration d’une nouvelle règle émotionnelle. En définitive, l’article montre comment la honte articule les conduites individuelles et collectives par l’établissement de nouvelles normes.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Estudio de los medios aéreos contra incendios en Catalunya
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d’Enginyeria Gràfica i de Disseny, Castan Ponz, José Antonio, García Bagán, Víctor, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d’Enginyeria Gràfica i de Disseny, Castan Ponz, José Antonio, and García Bagán, Víctor
- Abstract
The aim of this final degree project is to carry out an in-depth investigation of the aerial resources that participate in forest fire fighting campaigns in Catalonia in order to find possible improvements in some areas of the sector, whether operational, in vehicles or regulations, among others. It has been decided to study in-depth the current command system that drive the operations and how the public administration relates to the operating companies awarded with the contract, the distribution and composition of the bases in the different Emergency Regions, the fleet of aerial resources with their characteristics and specifications, whether rotary wing, fixed wing or drones, and how they attack the flames. Experts in the sector have also been consulted, who have collaborated with their experience and testimonies, and have helped to obtain a vision from another perspective outside of official bodies or documents. As a result of this research, it has become clear that the aerial firefighting sector in Catalonia is a pioneer in Europe, with highly experienced pilots, vehicles prepared for very specific functions and strategically distributed throughout the country, and a perfect coordination in attack and extinguishing operations, although it is true that some factors have been found that could possibly be improved. The regulation of real rest times for crews, the use of two certified pilots in the same vehicle, double the number of crews by air vehicle or the regulation of water ponds are some of the proposals to further optimize this sector. If implemented, the proposed measures would increase operational safety, reduce crew fatigue and further improve efficiency in operations.
- Published
- 2023
6. Implementation of Flight Mechanical Evaluation Criteria in an Aircraft Conceptual Design Tool with Focus on Lateral Motion
- Author
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Martí Gómez-Aldaraví, Pedro, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Máquinas y Motores Térmicos - Departament de Màquines i Motors Tèrmics, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria del Disseny, García Garre, Ricardo, Martí Gómez-Aldaraví, Pedro, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Máquinas y Motores Térmicos - Departament de Màquines i Motors Tèrmics, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria del Disseny, and García Garre, Ricardo
- Abstract
[ES] Esta tesis aborda el modelado de las principales características aerodinámicas de una aeronave convencional en régimen de vuelo subsónico para ser implementadas dentro del modelo de datos del programa APD de Pacelab. El objetivo principal es utilizar el conjunto de métodos semiempíricos disponibles en la literatura existente para estimar el comportamiento de cualquier aeronave convencional durante su fase de diseño conceptual. Debido a la naturaleza de esta fase de diseño, los métodos empleados deben ser tales que permitan cálculos de potencia computacional rápidos y bajos para realizar múltiples iteraciones en un marco de tiempo reducido. El proveedor de la tesis, Saab AB, exige que estos métodos se digitalicen dentro del programa Pacelab APD, que es utilizado por la empresa para el modelado conceptual de nuevos aviones. Así, la definición geométrica y aerodinámica del modelo de aeronave proporcionada por Pacelab APD se utilizará como parámetros de entrada para los nuevos métodos y criterios implementados relacionados con la mecánica de vuelo. Esta tesis analiza, estudia y presenta los fundamentos básicos y conceptos avanzados de la mecánica de vuelo disponibles en la literatura, la metodología adoptada para su digitalización en Pacelab APD, los resultados obtenidos del uso de dichos métodos y una discusión final sobre su precisión y confiabilidad. , comparándolos con otros métodos y programas de software conocidos para calcular, entre otras cosas, derivadas aerodinámicas. Los resultados de este proyecto contribuirán al desarrollo de nuevos diseños de aeronaves de una forma más eficiente al proporcionar una herramienta para predecir sus características de vuelo durante la fase de diseño conceptual., [EN] This thesis addresses the modeling of the main aerodynamic characteristics of a conventional aircraft in subsonic flight regime to be implemented within the data model of the Pacelab APD program. The main objective is to use the set of semi-empirical methods available in the existing literature to estimate the behavior of any conventional aircraft during its conceptual design phase. Due to the nature of this design phase, the methods employed must be such that they allow for quick and low computational power calculations to perform multiple iterations within a reduced time frame. The thesis provider, Saab AB, demands that these methods be digitized within the Pacelab APD program, which is used by the company for the conceptual modeling of new aircraft. Thus, the geometric and aerodynamic definition of the aircraft model provided by Pacelab APD will be used as input parameters for the new implemented methods and criteria related to flight mechanics. This thesis analyzes, studies, and presents basic foundations and advanced concepts of flight mechanics available in the literature, the methodology adopted for its digitization in Pacelab APD, the results obtained from the use of such methods, and a final discussion on their accuracy and reliability, comparing them with other known methods and software programs to calculate, among other things, aerodynamic derivatives. The results of this project will contribute to the development of new aircraft designs in a more efficient way by providing a tool to predict their flight characteristics during the conceptual design phase.
- Published
- 2023
7. Research of the effects of shock and vibrations on the human body / Исследование влияния ударов и вибраций на человеческий организм / Istraživanje uticaja udara i vibracija na ljudsko telo
- Author
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Zoran C. Petrović
- Subjects
anthropometric dummy ,crash ,human body ,vibration ,shock ,aircraft ,accident ,automobile ,антропометрический манекен ,авария ,человеческое тело ,вибрации ,столкновение ,самолет ,несчастный случай ,автомобиль ,antropometrička lutka ,udes ,ljudsko telo ,vibracije ,udar ,avion ,nesreća ,automobil ,Military Science ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
There is very little reliable information about the forces needed to cause injury to the human body. Namely, it is very difficult to obtain reliable reports about the influence of mechanical forces and the subjective reaction to these forces, mainly due to the complexity and diversity of the human body in both physical and behavioral aspects.The need for the study of physical, physiological and psychological reactions of living beings in a laboratory, under controlled conditions, has led to the development and use of specialized devices for the simulation of impact and vibrations in order to carry out experiments on humans and animals. "Anthropometric" or "anthropomorphic" dummies that simulate the basic static and dynamic properties of the human body are widely used in the study of plane and car crashes. Thus, for example, a Hybrid III dummy is used in case of a frontal crash of the car. Various research works about automotive and aviation accidents as well as experiments with both dummies and living beings show that full support to the body and limiting the movement of the limbs provide maximum protection from the forces of acceleration. / На сегодняшний день имеется недостаточно достоверной информации о силах, которые приводят к различным травмам пассажиров. В частности, трудно получить достоверные данные о влиянии механических сил и о субъективной реакции на эти силы, в основном из-за широкого разнообразия человеческого организма, как в физическом смысле, так и в отношении их реакции. Необходимость лабораторного изучения физических, физиологических и психологических реакций живых существ в контролируемых условиях способствовала развитию и применению широкого спектра специализированнных устройств для моделирования ударов, столкновений и вибраций, используемых в экспериментах на людях и животных. Антропометрические или антропоморфные манекены, имитирующие основные статические и динамические качества человеческого тела, широко используются в исследованиях авиационных и автомобильных аварий. Так, например, гибридный манекен, Hybrid III dummy, употребляют в случае лобового столкновения автомобилей. Разнообразные исследования автомобильных и авиационных аварий, а также опыты с манекенами и живыми существами показывают, что устойчивое фиксированное положение тела и ограничение подвижности конечностей обеспечивают максимальную защиту от силы разгона и дают большие шансы на выживание. / O silama koje su potrebne da izazovu povrede na ljudskom telu postoji vrlo malo pouzdanih informacija. Naime, veoma je teško doći do pouzdanih podataka o uticaju mehaničkih sila i o subjektivnoj reakciji na ove sile, uglavnom zbog kompleksnosti i raznolikosti ljudskog tela, kako u fizičkom smislu, tako i u pogledu ponašanja. Potreba za proučavanjem fizičkih, fizioloških i psiholoških reakcija živih bića u laboratoriji, pod kontrolisanim uslovima, dovela je do razvoja i upotrebe širokog spektra specijalizovanih uređaja za simulaciju udara i vibracija za eksperimente na ljudima i životinjama. 'Antropometričke' ili 'antropomorfne' lutke, koje simuliraju osnovne statičke i dinamičke osobine ljudskog tela, uveliko se koriste u istraživanju avionskih i automobilskih nesreća. Tako, na primer, hibridna lutka, Hybrid III dummy, koristi se u slučaju čeonog automobilskog sudara. Razna istraživanja automobilskih i vazduhoplovnih nezgoda, kao i eksperimenti sa lutkama i živim bićima, pokazuju da potpuna potpora tela i ograničenje kretanja ekstremiteta obezbeđuju maksimalnu zaštitu od sila ubrzanja.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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8. Catastrophes caused by corrosion / Катастрофы в результате возникновения коррозии / Katastrofe izazvane korozijom
- Author
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Zoran C. Petrović
- Subjects
katastrofa ,otkaz ,korozija ,korozivni pit ,pesticid ,eksplozija ,cevovod ,helikopter ,avion ,катастрофа ,отказ ,коррозия ,очаг коррозии ,пестицид ,взрыв ,трубопровод ,вертолет ,самолет ,catastrophe ,failure ,corrosion ,corrosion pit ,pesticide ,explosion ,pipeline ,helicopter ,aircraft ,Military Science ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
For many years, huge attention has been paid to the problem of corrosion damage and destruction of metallic materials. Experience shows that failures due to corrosion problems are very important, and statistics at the world level shows that the damage resulting from the effects of various forms of corrosion is substantial and that, for example, in industrialized countries it reaches 4-5% of national incomes. Significant funds are determined annually for the prevention and control of corrosion. In the case of ignoring the problem of corrosion, in some cases the penalty is financial, whereas in other cases it is the loss of human lives. This review presents several cases of failures in engineering structures and installations of catastrophic proportions, where corrosion was responsible for the occurrence of failures and the loss of hundreds of lives. / Проблема разрушения металлических материалов вследсдтвие возникновения коррозии привлекает большое внимание уже долгие годы. Опыт показал, что отказы инженерных сетей в результате воздействия коррозии являются важной проблемой, а согласно статистике мирового уровня выявлено, что ущерб от воздействия коррозии в промышленно развитых странах составляет 4-5% национального дохода. В связи с данной проблемой, на годовом уровне выделяются средства на предупреждение и контроль коррозийного воздействия. Игнорирование опасности от коррозии влечет за собой финансовые потери, а в отдельных случаях и человеческие жертвы. В данной работе представлено несколько случаев масштабных отказов инженерных сетей и установок вследствие коррозийного воздействия, которые унесли сотни человеческих жизней. / Problemu korozivnog oštećenja i razaranja metalnih materijala već godinama se posvećuje velika pažnja. Svetska statistika pokazuje da je šteta koja nastaje usled delovanja različitih oblika korozije ogromna i da, na primer, u industrijski razvijenim zemljama dostiže 4 do 5% nacionalnog dohotka. Za prevenciju i kontrolu korozije izdvajaju se znatna sredstva na godišnjem nivou. U slučaju ignorisanja problema korozije izriču se finansijske kazne, a može doći i do katastrofalnih posledica – gubitka ljudskih života. U ovom članku predstavljeno je nekoliko slučajeva otkaza inženjerskih struktura i postrojenja katastrofalnih razmera, u kojima je korozija odgovorna za pojavu otkaza i pogibiju stotine ljudi.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Medición de contaminación mediante UAV (Vehículo Aéreo no Tripulado)
- Author
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Edwin José Vera-Rozo
- Subjects
Aeromodelo ,UAV ,Avión ,Drones ,Gas metano ,Humedad ,Temperatura ,Medición de contaminación ,rellenos sanitarios ,Gestión de riesgos ,aplicación de UAV ,Arduino ,GPS ,Science ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social Sciences ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Este artículo presenta un procedimiento experimental cuyo objetivo es obtener la medición de contaminación en un relleno sanitario (basurero) mediante un Vehículo Aéreo no Tripulado (UAV); La metodología utilizada consistió en realizar un procedimiento detallado para la instrumentación de UAV, el cual fue equipamiento con un sistema para la captura y almacenamiento de datos referente a las variables medidas en tiempo real, el cual posteriormente se puso en vuelo y luego se realizo el procesamiento de la información offline; para finalizar se presentan los resultados obtenidos y conclusiones.
- Published
- 2016
10. Estudio de los medios aéreos contra incendios en Catalunya
- Author
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García Bagán, Víctor, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d’Enginyeria Gràfica i de Disseny, and Castan Ponz, José Antonio
- Subjects
Aéreos ,Estudio ,Helicóptero ,Incendis--Extinció (Catalunya) ,Catalunya ,Fuego ,Medios ,Incendios ,Contra ,Aeronàutica i espai::Aeronaus [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Análisis ,Fire extinction--Catalonia ,Bomberos ,Avión - Abstract
The aim of this final degree project is to carry out an in-depth investigation of the aerial resources that participate in forest fire fighting campaigns in Catalonia in order to find possible improvements in some areas of the sector, whether operational, in vehicles or regulations, among others. It has been decided to study in-depth the current command system that drive the operations and how the public administration relates to the operating companies awarded with the contract, the distribution and composition of the bases in the different Emergency Regions, the fleet of aerial resources with their characteristics and specifications, whether rotary wing, fixed wing or drones, and how they attack the flames. Experts in the sector have also been consulted, who have collaborated with their experience and testimonies, and have helped to obtain a vision from another perspective outside of official bodies or documents. As a result of this research, it has become clear that the aerial firefighting sector in Catalonia is a pioneer in Europe, with highly experienced pilots, vehicles prepared for very specific functions and strategically distributed throughout the country, and a perfect coordination in attack and extinguishing operations, although it is true that some factors have been found that could possibly be improved. The regulation of real rest times for crews, the use of two certified pilots in the same vehicle, double the number of crews by air vehicle or the regulation of water ponds are some of the proposals to further optimize this sector. If implemented, the proposed measures would increase operational safety, reduce crew fatigue and further improve efficiency in operations.
- Published
- 2023
11. Estudio de la estructura del Concorde y reproducción de un modelo a escala 1:40
- Author
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Organització d'Empreses, Lordan González, Oriol, Olla García, Adrián, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Organització d'Empreses, Lordan González, Oriol, and Olla García, Adrián
- Abstract
Una de las carreras tecnológicas del siglo XX más ambiciosas es la relacionada con el vuelo civil supersónico, y en dicha contienda se encuentra el protagonista de este proyecto. Una aeronave emblemática capaz de hacer que dos países cooperen en concordia, y cuya influencia aún se siente hoy en día: el Concorde. A lo largo del proyecto se repasará la historia de esta aeronave y su estructura, para así poder elaborar un modelo CAD a escala 1:40 de la aeronave. El objetivo de diseñar en 3D este modelo es construir una maqueta física que represente en la medida de lo posible el modelo y la estructura original. Las piezas que conforman la maqueta final han sido obtenidas de varias maneras. Dependiendo del uso que iban a tener o las cargas que iban a soportar, las piezas fueron creadas a partir de cortadora láser o a través de impresión 3D. El proceso de obtención de las piezas esta documentado ya que participé directamente ene su creación, gracias a la colaboración que realicé con el Ateneu de Fabricació de Ciutat Meridiana, en Barcelona. Además del proyecto en sí, también se ha estudiado todo lo que envuelve su elaboración, especialmente en el ámbito económico y medioambiental. Gracias al cómputo elaborado con los materiales utilizados y las herramientas usadas para desarrollar la maqueta final, ha sido posible obtener el presupuesto necesario, el impacto medioambiental de los materiales escogidos y el consumo energético que ha conllevado la realización de este trabajo. Finalmente, se concluye el proyecto comprobando el cumplimiento de los objetivos iniciales, y se discuten las lecciones aprendidas y sensaciones al acabar el proyecto.
- Published
- 2022
12. Aircraft Anti-Icing Fluids Endurance Under Natural and Artificial Snow: a Comparative Study
- Author
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Villeneuve, Eric, Charpentier, Claire, Brassard, Jean-Denis, Momen, Gelareh, Lacroix, Antoine, Villeneuve, Eric, Charpentier, Claire, Brassard, Jean-Denis, Momen, Gelareh, and Lacroix, Antoine
- Abstract
The usage of De-Icing and Anti-Icing fluids is the most common method recognized to protect aircraft on the ground from freezing and frozen contaminants. The snow endurance times, which means the duration that a fluid can protect the vehicle from snow accumulations, is currently determined outdoor under natural conditions. To replace this expensive and very impractical method, the Anti-Icing Materials International Laboratory developed snow machine was used to perform a comparative study. In this first study, three commercial fluids were tested at various snow intensity rates under artificial snow generated with the snow machine in a cold chamber to validate the testing procedure and investigate the way forward. The results obtained were then positively compared to natural snow endurance times. They were also compared with natural snow regression curves, showing similar trends. This study demonstrated the great potential of this method showing the necessity of pursuing this investigation.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Runway roadkill: a global review of mammal strikes with aircraft
- Author
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Fidelma Butler, Samantha Ball, and Anthony Caravaggi
- Subjects
Airfields ,Aircraft ,Prévention du risque animalier ,Roadkill ,Aérodrome ,Collisions avec la faune ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Strike mitigation ,Geography ,Avion ,Conflit homme-faune ,Aeronautics ,Wildlife strikes ,Wildlife management ,Atténuation des collisions ,Mammal strikes ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Mammal ,Runway ,Human-wildlife conflict ,Collision de mammifères ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The number of reported collisions (i.e. strikes) between aircraft and wildlife is increasing globally, with consequences for personnel and passenger safety as well as for industry economics. These are important considerations for airport operators that are obliged to mitigate wildlife hazards at airfields. Incidents involving mammals account for approximately 3–10% of all recorded strikes. However, relatively little research has been conducted on mammal strikes with aircraft outside of the USA. We collate mammal strike data from six major national aviation authorities and a global aircraft database and review the available scientific and grey literature. We aim to identify which mammal families are involved in strike events and how widespread the issue is on a global scale. We also aim to demonstrate the importance of consistently recording strike instances in national databases. We identified 40 families that were involved in strike events in 47 countries. Reported mammal strike events have been increasing by up to 68% annually. Chiroptera (4 families) accounted for the greatest proportion of strikes in Australia; leporids and canids in Canada, Germany and the UK; and Chiroptera (5 families) and cervids in the USA. More mammals were struck during the landing phase of an aircraft's rotation than any other phase. Circa‐diel strike risk was greatest at dusk and circa‐annum strike risk was greatest during late summer, with some international variation. The total estimated cost of damage resulting from reported mammal strikes exceeded US$103 million in the USA alone, over 30 years. Mammal strikes represent a substantial risk in airfield environments. Monitoring of existing wild mammal populations is required to understand temporal trends in presence, abundance, and activity patterns and to inform management decisions. Increased and accurate reporting of strike events globally is needed to inform Wildlife Hazard Management Plans and support effective strike mitigation. La fréquence des collisions entre avions et animaux sauvages connait une augmentation constante à travers le monde, entrainant des conséquences pour la sécurité du personnel et des passagers ainsi que pour l'économie de l'industrie aéronautique. Il s'agit d’une considération importante pour les exploitants d'aéroports qui sont tenus d'atténuer les risques potentiels liés à la faune sauvage sur les terrains d'aviation. Les incidents impliquant des mammifères représentent environ 3 à 10 % des collisions enregistrées. Cependant, en dehors des États-Unis, relativement peu de recherches ont été menées sur les collisions entre mammifères et avions. Nous rassemblons les données sur les collisions avec des mammifères provenant de six directions nationales majeures de l’aviation civile ainsi que d'une base de données mondiale sur les aéronefs et compulsons l’ensemble de la littérature scientifique et grise disponible. Notre objectif est d’identifier les familles de mammifères impliquées dans les collisions et de déterminer l'ampleur du phénomène à l'échelle mondiale. Parallèlement, nous cherchons à démontrer l'importance de l’enregistrement systématique des cas de collisions dans les bases de données nationales. Nous avons identifié 40 familles de mammifères impliquées dans des collisions dans 47 pays, avec une forte augmentation des collisions signalées, pouvant aller jusqu'à 68% par an. Les chiroptères (4 familles) représentaient la plus grande proportion des collisions en Australie, au Canada, en Allemagne et au Royaume-Uni ce sont les léporidés et les canidés qui sont le plus souvent impliqués, et aux États-Unis, les chiroptères (5 familles) et les cervidés. Plus qu’à toute autre phase, c’est pendant la phase d'atterrissage que le nombre d’impacts le plus importants se produit. Au cours de la journée, le risque d'impact est le plus élevé au crepuscule et il connait un pic annuel à la fin de l'été et en automne, avec cependant quelques variations internationales. Sur une période de 30 ans, le coût estimé des dommages résultant des collisions signalées avec des mammifères dépasse les 103 millions de dollars US rien qu'aux États-Unis. Les collisions impliquant un mammifère représentent un risque environnemental élevé pour les aéroports, tant pour l’intégrité des avions que pour la sécurité des passagers. L’évaluation des populations de mammifères sauvages aux abords des aéroports est necessaire pour prédire les évolutions temporelles de présence, d'abondance et d’activité de ces populations. Les études permettent d'accompagner les opérateurs d’aéroports dans la prise de décision liées à la prévention des risques naturels. A l'échelle mondiale, il est nécessaire de disposer de rapports plus nombreux et plus détaillés sur les cas de collisions afin d’enrichir les stratégies de gestion des risques animaliers et de réduire efficacement le nombre de collisions.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Concept Design of a Fairchild Metro 23 Cabin Adapted to Prevent Viruses Dispersion in Flight
- Author
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Aranda Romero, Fernando
- Subjects
Cabina ,Diseño ,Design ,Aircraft ,Aire ,Air ,Grado en Ingeniería Aeroespacial-Grau en Enginyeria Aeroespacial ,INGENIERIA AEROESPACIAL ,CFD ,Cockpit ,Avión - Abstract
[ES] La aparición del COVID-19 ha puesto de manifiesto una importante debilidad del sector de la aviación, la dificultad de adaptarse a situaciones de pandemia y su consecuente pérdida de producción y beneficios. Existe pues una necesidad por parte de la industria aeronáutica de ser capaz de adaptarse a estas circunstancias, tanto para el presente como para posibles situaciones globales similares que se puedan dar en un futuro. El presente trabajo de fin de grado pretende dar respuesta a esta necesidad mediante el diseño de una cabina del Fairchild Metro 23 adaptada para evitar la dispersión de virus a través de la obtención de flujos de aire independientes para cada pasajero. Para ello, se siguen dos caminos diferentes. En primer lugar, se utilizan simulaciones CFD realizadas con Star CCM+ para probar dos diseños de asiento, que incluyen paneles como barreras físicas, proporcionados por Raül Iznardo Giner, un estudiante de Diseño Industrial de la ETSID, continuando así con el trabajo realizado previamente por Juliette Baduel durante sus prácticas como asistente de investigación en el departamento de CMT-Motores Térmicos. Posteriormente, se realiza un breve estudio donde se modifica el vector de velocidad de la entrada de aire de la cabina. Paralelamente, se diseña el experimento que se llevará a cabo para validar las simulaciones CFD, incluyendo posibles técnicas experimentales, dimensionado, condiciones de flujo y el correcto diseño de la maqueta de la cabina del Fairchild Metro 23 simplificada, con todas sus partes para el montaje final, usando procesos iterativos cuando es necesario. Los principales resultados obtenidos sugieren que el experimento diseñado será útil para la futura validación de las simulaciones de acuerdo con el análisis individual que se lleva a cabo de todas sus partes. Por otro lado, se consigue obtener una buena distribución de aire en cabina mediante la combinación de los asientos modificados con paneles y el cambio de orientación del vector de velocidad en la entrada de aire. Se obtienen flujos independientes de aire para cada pasajero, reduciendo así el riesgo de contagio en cabina y cumpliendo con los requerimientos de la industria aeronáutica para adaptarse a situaciones de pandemia. Sin embargo, esta distribución está lejos de ser la óptima y se sugiere continuar con la investigación en este tema., [EN] The emergence of COVID-19 has highlighted a major weakness of the aviation industry, the difficulty of adapting to pandemic situations and the consequent loss of production and profits. There is therefore a need for the aviation industry to be able to adapt to these circumstances, both for the present and for possible similar global situations that may arise in the future. This thesis aims to answer to this need by designing a Fairchild Metro 23 cabin adapted to prevent viruses¿ dispersion by obtaining independent air flows for each passenger. To do this, two different paths are followed. Firstly, CFD simulations performed with Star CCM+ are used to test two seat designs, which include panels as physical barriers, provided by Raül Iznardo Giner, an Industrial Design student at ETSID, continuing with the work previously done by Juliette Baduel during her internship as a research assistant at CMT-Motores Térmicos department. Afterwards, a brief study is carried out in which the inlet velocity vector of the cabin is modified. In parallel, the experiment that will be carried out to validate the CFD simulations is designed, including possible experimental techniques, dimensioning, flow conditions and the correct design of the simplified Fairchild Metro 23 cabin model, with all its parts for the final assembly, using iterative processes when necessary. The main obtained results suggest that the designed experiment will be useful for the future validation of the simulations according to the individual analysis carried out on all its parts. On the other hand, a good air distribution in the cabin is obtained by combining the modified seats with panels with the orientation change of the velocity vector at the air inlet. Independent air flows are obtained for each passenger, reducing the risk of infection in the cabin and complying with the requirements of the aeronautical industry to adapt to pandemic situations. However, this distribution is far from optimal and further research on this topic is suggested., [CA] L’aparició del COVID-19 ha posat de manifest una important debilitat del sector de l’aviació, la dificultat d’adaptar-se a situacions de pandèmia i la seua conseqüent pèrdua de producció i beneficis. Existeix una necessitat per part de la indústria aeronàutica de ser capaç d’adaptar-se a aquestes circumstàncies, tant per al present com per a possibles situacions globals similars que es puguen donar en un futur. El present treball de fi de grau pretén donar resposta a aquesta necessitat mitjançant el disseny d’una cabina del Fairchild Metro 23 adaptada per a evitar la dispersió de virus a través de l’obtenció de fluxos d’aire independents per a cada passatger. Per a això, se segueixen dos camins diferents. En primer lloc, s’utilitzen simulacions CFD realitzades amb Star CCM+ per a provar dos dissenys de seient, que inclouen panells com a barreres físiques, proporcionats per Raül Iznardo Giner, un estudiant de Disseny Industrial de la ETSID, continuant així amb el treball realitzat prèviament per Juliette Baduel durant les seues pràctiques com a assistent de investigació en el departament de CMT-Motors Tèrmics. Posteriorment, es realitza un breu estudi on es modifica el vector de velocitat de l’entrada d’aire de la cabina. Paral·lelament, es dissenya l’experiment que es durà a terme per a validar les simulacions CFD, incloent-hi possibles tècniques experimentals, dimensionat, condicions de flux i el correcte disseny de la maqueta de la cabina del Fairchild Metro 23 simplificada, amb totes les seves parts per al muntatge final, usant processos iteratius quan és necessari. Els principals resultats obtinguts suggereixen que l’experiment dissenyat serà útil per a la futura validació de les simulacions d’acord amb l’anàlisi individual que es duu a terme de totes les seues parts. D’altra banda, s’aconsegueix obtenir una bona distribució d’aire en cabina mitjançant la combinació dels seients modificats amb panells i el canvi d’orientació del vector de velocitat en l’entrada d’aire. S’obtenen fluxos independents d’aire per a cada passatger, reduint així el risc de contagi en cabina i complint amb els requeriments de la indústria aeronàutica per a adaptar-se a situacions de pandèmia. No obstant això, aquesta distribució està lluny de ser l’òptima i se suggereix continuar amb la investigació sobre aquest tema
- Published
- 2022
15. Estudio de la estructura del Concorde y reproducción de un modelo a escala 1:40
- Author
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Olla García, Adrián, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Organització d'Empreses, and Lordan González, Oriol
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Modelado 3D ,Concorde (Jet transports) ,Concorde ,Concorde (Avions) ,Airplanes -- Models ,Supersonic planes ,Airplanes ,Aeronàutica i espai::Aeronaus::Avions [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Corte láser ,Avions supersònics ,Ensamblaje ,Supersónico ,Largueros ,Estructura ,Estudio estructural ,CAD ,Avión comercial supersónico ,Avions ,Aeromodelisme ,Costillas ,Cuadernas ,Avión ,Fabricación aditiva ,Maqueta a escala ,Ala delta - Abstract
Una de las carreras tecnológicas del siglo XX más ambiciosas es la relacionada con el vuelo civil supersónico, y en dicha contienda se encuentra el protagonista de este proyecto. Una aeronave emblemática capaz de hacer que dos países cooperen en concordia, y cuya influencia aún se siente hoy en día: el Concorde. A lo largo del proyecto se repasará la historia de esta aeronave y su estructura, para así poder elaborar un modelo CAD a escala 1:40 de la aeronave. El objetivo de diseñar en 3D este modelo es construir una maqueta física que represente en la medida de lo posible el modelo y la estructura original. Las piezas que conforman la maqueta final han sido obtenidas de varias maneras. Dependiendo del uso que iban a tener o las cargas que iban a soportar, las piezas fueron creadas a partir de cortadora láser o a través de impresión 3D. El proceso de obtención de las piezas esta documentado ya que participé directamente ene su creación, gracias a la colaboración que realicé con el Ateneu de Fabricació de Ciutat Meridiana, en Barcelona. Además del proyecto en sí, también se ha estudiado todo lo que envuelve su elaboración, especialmente en el ámbito económico y medioambiental. Gracias al cómputo elaborado con los materiales utilizados y las herramientas usadas para desarrollar la maqueta final, ha sido posible obtener el presupuesto necesario, el impacto medioambiental de los materiales escogidos y el consumo energético que ha conllevado la realización de este trabajo. Finalmente, se concluye el proyecto comprobando el cumplimiento de los objetivos iniciales, y se discuten las lecciones aprendidas y sensaciones al acabar el proyecto.
- Published
- 2022
16. Modélisation et optimisation multidisciplinaire robuste de l'avion dans le système du transport aérien
- Author
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Peteilh, Nicolas, Laboratoire de recherche ENAC (ENAC-LAB), Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile (ENAC), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, Christian Bès, and Marcel Mongeau
- Subjects
Optimization ,Air Transport ,Transport aérien ,Avion ,Multidisciplinaire ,Optimisation ,Airplane ,[MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC] ,MDO - Abstract
For decades, the economic stakes associated with the design, development and operations of aircraft have been strong drivers for pursuing technological and operational efforts to reduce aircraft fuel consumption. Since the Grenelle de l'environnement and the establishment of the Conseil pour la Recherche Aéronautique Civile (CORAC) in 2008, both environmental concerns and ambitions have further exacerbated the expectations of the air transport system (ATS) towards sustainable development. Finally, the widespread awareness, during COP 21 in Paris, of the climate urgency makes it necessary to bring together all the knowledge and know-how to decarbonize air transport. Aircraft optimization is an essential part of its design and oper- ations, and it involves multiple disciplines. Multi- Disciplinary Optimization (MDO) processes and methods have steadily advanced since they were first developed and used in the scientific community and in the industry in the 1980s. They are now increasingly used at every stage of new aircraft design. The objective of their iterative approach to the problem is to converge towards better solutions. It tends to be used in all phases of the process, from automated aero- structural multidisciplinary analyses based on models of different levels of fidelity, to the overall industrial process aimed at meeting the needs of airlines companies. Despite these efforts, the aircraft is in fact hardly ever operated on the conditions that are defined in the design requirements (technical, geometrical, operational, and regulatory) and that are used for optimizing it from the very early stage of its development process. This implies a loss of optimality of the ATS when fulfilling its fundamental mission: to carry passengers, freight, and mail from one place to another through air transportation. Having noticed this, we ask the following question: is it possible to improve the airplane and make it more robust, from an operational point of view, by tying the link, from the conceptual design phase, with the ATS and its other components, through new MDO formulations? To answer this question, we propose the following methodology. First, we position the aircraft in the ATS in order to better understand and better represent how the aircraft contribute to the ATS activity, but also in order to capture how the operations influence the aircraft design. Our second step consists in gathering data to observe real aircraft operations, such as those obtained via flight data recorder, in order to create meaningful models, and an overall aircraft design (OAD) tool to simulate the conceptual design process of an aircraft. During the last step, we focus on three use cases. The first quantifies the loss of operational optimality due to range variability. The second use case tackles the take-off distance requirements and turn them from design constraints to design variables in the MDO formulation. Finally, the last use case considers cruise variabilities, as observed and modelled, in the conceptual design process. The first chapter of this thesis presents a review of the academic and industrial practices with regards to aircraft design and the representation of the ATS, a synthesis of available operational data and conceptual airplane design tools, as well as a state of the art on how the operations are taken into account in the design process and on the mathematical methods and tools used in this thesis. The second chapter addresses the calibration of the MARILib aircraft conceptual tool, and the processing of the operational data used, how we enrich them and which models we build from them. The third and last chapter describes the three use cases. Finally, a conclusion recalls the main contributions of this thesis, discusses its limits, and presents the related perspectives.; Les enjeux économiques associés à la conception, au développement et à l'exploitation des avions sont depuis des décennies des moteurs forts pour poursuivre les efforts technologiques et opérationnels visant à réduire la consommation des avions. Depuis un peu plus d'une décennie et suite au Grenelle de l'Environnement et la mise en place du Conseil pour la Recherche Aéronautique Civile (CORAC), les inquiétudes et ambitions environnementales ont encore exacerbé le besoin de s'inscrire dans une perspective de développement durable du transport aérien. Enfin, la large prise de conscience, lors de la COP 21 à Paris, de l'urgence climatique impose comme une nécessité de réunir toutes les connaissances et les savoir-faire pour décarbonner le transport aérien. L'optimisation de l'avion est un élément essentiel de sa conception et son exploitation et implique de multiples disciplines. Les processus et méthodes d'optimisation multidisciplinaires (MDO) n'ont pas cessé de progresser depuis le début de leur utilisation industrielle dans les années 80 et sont désormais de plus en plus utilisés à chaque étape de la conception d'un nouvel avion. Leur approche itérative du problème visant à converger vers la meilleure solution tend à apparaître à tous les niveaux, des analyses multidisciplinaires aéro-structurales automatisées s'appuyant sur des modèles de différents niveaux de fidélité jusqu'au processus industriel global visant à répondre au besoin des compagnies aériennes. Malgré ces efforts, nous constatons que l'avion est en pratique rarement exploité précisément dans les conditions définies dans les exigences de conception (techniques, géométriques, opérationnelles et réglementaires) et utilisées pour son optimisation dès les premières phases de son processus de développement. Cela est une source de perte d'optimalité pour le système du transport aérien (STA) vis-à-vis de sa mission fondamentale : transporter des passagers ou des marchandises d'un point à un autre par la voie des airs. Ces observations nous amènent à poser à la question suivante : est-il possible de rendre l'avion plus robuste d'un point de vue opérationnel en renforçant, dès les phases de design conceptuel, le lien avec le STA, par de nouvelles formulations MDO? Nous proposons la méthodologie suivante. Dans la première étape, nous repositionnons l'avion dans le STA afin de mieux représenter comment il contribue à son activité mais aussi comment le monde opérationnel influence son design. La deuxième étape vise à réunir des données représentant l'exploitation réelle des avions afin d'en tirer des modèles pertinents, et un outil multidisciplinaire de design conceptuel simulant le processus de conception d'un avion. Lors de la dernière étape, nous étudions trois cas d'application. Le premier étudie la perte d'optimalité opérationnelle due aux variabilités dans les distances de vol. Le deuxième aborde les exigences au décollage en les faisant passer d'un statut de contraintes à un statut de variables de design dans la formulation MDO. Enfin le troisième cas d'application prend en compte les variabilités opérationnelles en croisière, observées et modélisées, dans le processus de design conceptuel. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse présente une analyse de l'existant industriel et académique vis-à-vis de la conception avion et de la représentation du STA, une revue des bases de données opérationnelles existantes et des outils de design conceptuel, ainsi que l'état de l'art relatif à la prise en compte des opérations dans la conception avion et aux méthodes utilisées dans le reste de la thèse. Le deuxième chapitre traite de la calibration de l'outil de conception MARILib, des données opérationnelles utilisées et des modèles qu'elles nous permettent de construire. Le troisième et dernier chapitre présente les trois cas d'application étudiés. Enfin, une conclusion revient sur les principales contributions de cette thèse, les limites et les perspectives associées.
- Published
- 2022
17. Chapitre 6. Du terrain aux vues d'avion
- Author
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Arnaud, Jean-Luc, Temps, espaces, langages Europe méridionale-Méditerranée (TELEMME), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Jean-Luc Arnaud
- Subjects
19e siècle ,photographie ,Dépôt de la guerre ,orographe ,Poivilliers ,Larminat ,carte ,Schrader ,histoire ,Service géographique de l’armée ,avion ,Goulier ,cartographie ,France ,20e siècle ,photogrammétrie ,[SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History - Abstract
International audience; Au milieu des années 1860, les relevés topographiques nécessaires à l'établissement des cartes sont réalisés directement sur le terrain. Les géodésiens et les topographes se partagent la tâche, alors que les premiers calculent et mesurent plus qu'ils ne dessinent, les seconds effectuent une grande part de leur travail à l'estime et ils en rendent compte à travers des figurations graphiques. Ce moment correspond à l'achèvement du relevé initial de la carte d'état-major dont les premières révision carte ont montré qu'elle présentait d'importants défauts de précision. C'est dans ce contexte que Charles-Moyse Goulier, ingénieur polytechnicien, inventeur de plusieurs instruments de topographie et professeur à l'école d'application du Génie de Metz, soutient le développement de nouveaux instruments et de nouvelles méthodes de travail qui, soixante ans plus tard, donnent lieu à un renouvellement complet du métier de topographe à la faveur de l’exploitation des photographies aériennes.
- Published
- 2022
18. Una etnografía del avión. Cuerpos sujetos a la disciplina del consumo viajero
- Author
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José-Luis Anta Félez
- Subjects
Encapsulamiento ,Tecnología ,Movilidad ,Individualidad ,Avión ,Consumo ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 - Abstract
Partiendo de la base de que los aviones son lugares privilegiados para observar la realidad social, dado que es un espacio y tiempo acotado, se establece cuáles son los mecanismos que llevan a los individuos desde una corporalidad dada a la conversión en sujetos viajeros identificados, a su vez, como consumidores. Lo que ocurre en torno a los aviones, tanto dentro, como en los aeropuertos es una clara ruptura con la idea de experiencia, ante todo del volar y, sobre todo, del viajar, para acercarse a la creación, a cambio, de un mundo de sujetos individuales y disciplinados. Este trabajo establece que el tipo de movilidad que representan los aviones es una narrativa que identifica el mundo del capitalismo avanzado en el que vivimos hoy, donde la tecnología es definitivamente un todo empresarial, social y comercial.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Physics explanations of everyday objects and phenomena and their application in physics teaching
- Author
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Kautero, Branko and Planinić, Maja
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anketa ,stars ,grmljavina ,slušalice ,questionnaire ,air conditioning ,electric car ,airplane ,zvijezde ,NATURAL SCIENCES. Physics ,headphones ,PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Fizika ,svakodnevni predmeti i pojave ,rainbow ,duga ,avion ,klima uređaj ,električni automobil ,3D printer ,everyday objects and phenomena ,thunder - Abstract
U sklopu diplomskog rada provedena je anketa na 365 učenika osnovne i 142 učenika srednje škole u kojoj se učenike ispitivalo o svakodnevnim predmetima i pojavama o kojima bi htjeli učiti više u nastavi fizike. Na temelju prikazanih rezultata odabrani su neki najpopularniji odgovori iz svakog pitanja te je u sljedećim poglavljima objašnjen princip rada odabranih svakodnevnih predmeta i pojava te kako bi se oni mogli uklopiti u nastavu fizike. Uočeno je da učenici imaju velik interes za nastavu fizike te da bi trebalo uključiti više primjera iz života u nastavu fizike. Klima uređaj, duga i avion teme su koje je lako uključiti u nastavu fizike dok je 3D printer dosta udaljen od nastavnih sadržaja fizike u školi. As part of the diploma thesis, a questionnaire was conducted on 365 primary school students and 142 secondary school students, in which students were asked about everyday subjects and phenomena that they would like to learn more about in physics teaching. Based on the presented results, some of the most popular answers from each question were selected, and the following chapters explain the principles of work of selected everyday objects and phenomena and how they could fit into the teaching of physics. It was noticed that students have a great interest in physics and more examples from life should be included in physics teaching. Topics such as air conditioning, airplanes and rainbows can easily be included in physics classes, while 3D printers are quite distant from the teaching content of physics in school.
- Published
- 2022
20. Transmisión de enfermedades en los vuelos comerciales: del mito a la realidad Infectious diseases transmission during air travel: from myth to reality
- Author
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Carolina Valderrama and Carlos Arturo álvarez
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medicina emporiátrica ,viaje ,enfermedades transmisibles ,enfermedades colectivas ,vigilancia epidemiológica ,brotes epidémicos ,saneamiento de aeronaves ,medicina aeroespacial ,aeropuertos ,avión ,travel ,emporiatric medicine ,aircraft ,infectious disease ,disease outbreak ,public health ,cabin ,airplane ,aerospace medicine ,communicable disease ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
En pocas horas el transporte aéreo puede diseminar enfermedades infecto-contagiosas alrededor del mundo. Aunque se considera uno de los medios de transporte más seguros, poco se conoce sobre qué tanto lo es para la salud pública internacional, teniendo en cuenta que se está expandiendo e incrementando la cantidad de usuarios que pueden llegar a adquirir y diseminar este tipo de enfermedades. El punto crítico para evitar una pandemia es prever y estar preparados; esto se logra con el entrenamiento del personal de la salud y el de aviación. Por estas razones, este manuscrito busca mostrar el panorama general del impacto que tiene el ambiente aeronáutico sobre la transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas y las estrategias que se han ideado para lograr activar las alertas epidemiológicas tempranamente y controlar un posible brote, las cuales abarcan la educación del personal de salud, el de vuelo y el pasajero en tierra, la prevención, profilaxis e identificación temprana de la enfermedad y el manejo inmediato y retrospectivo del evento después del vuelo.Air transport could disseminate infectious diseases in a few hours around the world. Although it is considered one of the safest means of transportation, little is known about its public health safety impact, keeping in mind that it is expanding and increasing the amount of users who can acquire and spread these diseases. The critical point to avoid a pandemic outbreak is to foresee and to be prepared; this could be done with health and aviation personnel training. Thus, this paper shows a general background about the aeronautical impact on infectious diseases transmission and all strategies created to get an early activation of epidemiological alarms to control any outbreak. They include from health, flight staff and passenger education on ground to prevention, prophylaxis, early disease identification as well as both immediate and retrospective post-flight event management.
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- 2009
21. Disseny conceptual d'una cabina Fairchild Metro 23 adaptada per a evitar la dispersió de virus en vol
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Aranda Romero, Fernando
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Cabina ,Diseño ,Design ,Aircraft ,Aire ,Air ,Grado en Ingeniería Aeroespacial-Grau en Enginyeria Aeroespacial ,INGENIERIA AEROESPACIAL ,CFD ,Cockpit ,Avión - Abstract
[ES] La aparición del COVID-19 ha puesto de manifiesto una importante debilidad del sector de la aviación, la dificultad de adaptarse a situaciones de pandemia y su consecuente pérdida de producción y beneficios. Existe pues una necesidad por parte de la industria aeronáutica de ser capaz de adaptarse a estas circunstancias, tanto para el presente como para posibles situaciones globales similares que se puedan dar en un futuro. El presente trabajo de fin de grado pretende dar respuesta a esta necesidad mediante el diseño de una cabina del Fairchild Metro 23 adaptada para evitar la dispersión de virus a través de la obtención de flujos de aire independientes para cada pasajero. Para ello, se siguen dos caminos diferentes. En primer lugar, se utilizan simulaciones CFD realizadas con Star CCM+ para probar dos diseños de asiento, que incluyen paneles como barreras físicas, proporcionados por Raül Iznardo Giner, un estudiante de Diseño Industrial de la ETSID, continuando así con el trabajo realizado previamente por Juliette Baduel durante sus prácticas como asistente de investigación en el departamento de CMT-Motores Térmicos. Posteriormente, se realiza un breve estudio donde se modifica el vector de velocidad de la entrada de aire de la cabina. Paralelamente, se diseña el experimento que se llevará a cabo para validar las simulaciones CFD, incluyendo posibles técnicas experimentales, dimensionado, condiciones de flujo y el correcto diseño de la maqueta de la cabina del Fairchild Metro 23 simplificada, con todas sus partes para el montaje final, usando procesos iterativos cuando es necesario. Los principales resultados obtenidos sugieren que el experimento diseñado será útil para la futura validación de las simulaciones de acuerdo con el análisis individual que se lleva a cabo de todas sus partes. Por otro lado, se consigue obtener una buena distribución de aire en cabina mediante la combinación de los asientos modificados con paneles y el cambio de orientación del vector de velocidad en la entrada de aire. Se obtienen flujos independientes de aire para cada pasajero, reduciendo así el riesgo de contagio en cabina y cumpliendo con los requerimientos de la industria aeronáutica para adaptarse a situaciones de pandemia. Sin embargo, esta distribución está lejos de ser la óptima y se sugiere continuar con la investigación en este tema. [EN] The emergence of COVID-19 has highlighted a major weakness of the aviation industry, the difficulty of adapting to pandemic situations and the consequent loss of production and profits. There is therefore a need for the aviation industry to be able to adapt to these circumstances, both for the present and for possible similar global situations that may arise in the future. This thesis aims to answer to this need by designing a Fairchild Metro 23 cabin adapted to prevent viruses¿ dispersion by obtaining independent air flows for each passenger. To do this, two different paths are followed. Firstly, CFD simulations performed with Star CCM+ are used to test two seat designs, which include panels as physical barriers, provided by Raül Iznardo Giner, an Industrial Design student at ETSID, continuing with the work previously done by Juliette Baduel during her internship as a research assistant at CMT-Motores Térmicos department. Afterwards, a brief study is carried out in which the inlet velocity vector of the cabin is modified. In parallel, the experiment that will be carried out to validate the CFD simulations is designed, including possible experimental techniques, dimensioning, flow conditions and the correct design of the simplified Fairchild Metro 23 cabin model, with all its parts for the final assembly, using iterative processes when necessary. The main obtained results suggest that the designed experiment will be useful for the future validation of the simulations according to the individual analysis carried out on all its parts. On the other hand, a good air distribution in the cabin is obtained by combining the modified seats with panels with the orientation change of the velocity vector at the air inlet. Independent air flows are obtained for each passenger, reducing the risk of infection in the cabin and complying with the requirements of the aeronautical industry to adapt to pandemic situations. However, this distribution is far from optimal and further research on this topic is suggested. [CA] L’aparició del COVID-19 ha posat de manifest una important debilitat del sector de l’aviació, la dificultat d’adaptar-se a situacions de pandèmia i la seua conseqüent pèrdua de producció i beneficis. Existeix una necessitat per part de la indústria aeronàutica de ser capaç d’adaptar-se a aquestes circumstàncies, tant per al present com per a possibles situacions globals similars que es puguen donar en un futur. El present treball de fi de grau pretén donar resposta a aquesta necessitat mitjançant el disseny d’una cabina del Fairchild Metro 23 adaptada per a evitar la dispersió de virus a través de l’obtenció de fluxos d’aire independents per a cada passatger. Per a això, se segueixen dos camins diferents. En primer lloc, s’utilitzen simulacions CFD realitzades amb Star CCM+ per a provar dos dissenys de seient, que inclouen panells com a barreres físiques, proporcionats per Raül Iznardo Giner, un estudiant de Disseny Industrial de la ETSID, continuant així amb el treball realitzat prèviament per Juliette Baduel durant les seues pràctiques com a assistent de investigació en el departament de CMT-Motors Tèrmics. Posteriorment, es realitza un breu estudi on es modifica el vector de velocitat de l’entrada d’aire de la cabina. Paral·lelament, es dissenya l’experiment que es durà a terme per a validar les simulacions CFD, incloent-hi possibles tècniques experimentals, dimensionat, condicions de flux i el correcte disseny de la maqueta de la cabina del Fairchild Metro 23 simplificada, amb totes les seves parts per al muntatge final, usant processos iteratius quan és necessari. Els principals resultats obtinguts suggereixen que l’experiment dissenyat serà útil per a la futura validació de les simulacions d’acord amb l’anàlisi individual que es duu a terme de totes les seues parts. D’altra banda, s’aconsegueix obtenir una bona distribució d’aire en cabina mitjançant la combinació dels seients modificats amb panells i el canvi d’orientació del vector de velocitat en l’entrada d’aire. S’obtenen fluxos independents d’aire per a cada passatger, reduint així el risc de contagi en cabina i complint amb els requeriments de la indústria aeronàutica per a adaptar-se a situacions de pandèmia. No obstant això, aquesta distribució està lluny de ser l’òptima i se suggereix continuar amb la investigació sobre aquest tema
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- 2022
22. Body Composition of Female Air Force Personnel: A Comparative Study of Aircrew, Airplane, and Helicopter Pilots
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Álvaro Bustamante-Sánchez, Pantelis T. Nikolaidis, and Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
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Adult ,Male ,Tejido adiposo ,Aircraft ,Pilotos ,Salud de la mujer ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Middle Aged ,Agua corporal ,Pilots ,Young Adult ,Military Personnel ,Body Composition ,Humans ,Female ,Muscle, Skeletal ,women ,aircrew ,pilots ,body fat mass ,lean mass ,body water ,Avión - Abstract
This research aimed to analyze the body composition (BC) of different groups of women aircrew units in the Spanish Air Forces for a better understanding and improvement of their operability. Specifically, 184 female aircrew members were analyzed and classified into specialties (38 airplane pilots, age: 32.8 ± 10.8; 26 helicopter pilots, age: 32.0 ± 9.18; and 120 transport aircrew, age: 36.9 ± 8.18). The women’s BC was analyzed with an InBody720 bioimpedance device previously used in the military population. There were differences in the BC among specialties, although there were similarities between airplane and helicopter pilots. Airplane (24.0% ± 10.4%) and helicopter pilots (22.6 ± 6.32%) had a smaller percentage of body fat mass than transport aircrew (26.3 ± 7.51%), but there was uniformity among groups in skeletal muscle mass and soft lean mass. We found no differences in body water among specialties. Differences in BCs were previously reported for men in the air force, and these results in women showed similarities for different job entry requirements, different training needs, and different occupational behaviors among units in the Air Force. These results help to deepen the previous knowledge of women’s BC standards in military units. Although pilots are primarily responsible for the aircraft, healthy habits should be encouraged to keep fit and improve the performance of all aircrew members both in flight and when they are deployed. Sin financiación 4.614 JCR (2021) Q1, 45/182 Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 0.814 SJR (2021) Q1, 34/136 Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis No data IDR 2021 UEM
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- 2022
23. Design and conceptualization of a retractable screen for the prevention of future pandemics in the aeronautical sector
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Iznardo Giner, Raul
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Pandemia ,Pandemic ,EXPRESION GRAFICA EN LA INGENIERIA ,Prevention ,Seient ,Cabina de avión ,Asiento ,INGENIERIA AEROESPACIAL ,Airplane ,Cabin ,Prevención ,Seat ,Prevenció ,Grado en Ingeniería en Diseño Industrial y Desarrollo de Productos-Grau en Enginyeria en Disseny Industrial i Desenvolupament de Productes ,Avión - Abstract
[ES] Durante la realización de este trabajo se abarca el diseño integral de un producto destinado a prevenir futuras pandemias en el sector aeronáutico. Siguiendo estudios previos, el dispositivo ha sido orientado a una modificación del asiento de cabina, derivando en una pantalla retráctil que pueda compartimentar la cabina del avión con facilidad. De esta forma el grueso del trabajo presenta el desarrollo y justificación del producto presentado, junto a todos los elementos comunes a este tipo de desarrollos, tales como la presupuestación o la elaboración de planos. De esta forma el trabajo concluye con la reflexión alrededor del producto presentado y la conceptualización realística de este., [EN] During the execution of this work, the integral design of a product destined to prevent future pandemics in the aeronautical sector is covered. Following previous studies, the device has been oriented to a modification of the cabin seat, resulting in a retractable screen that can easily compartmentalize the aircraft cabin. In this way, the bulk of the work presents the development and justification of the product presented, together with all the elements common to this type of development, such as budgeting or drawing up plans. In this way, the work concludes with the reflection around the product presented and its realistic conceptualization., [CA] Durant la realització d'aquest treball s'abasta el disseny integral d'un producte destinat a prevenir pandèmies futures al sector aeronàutic. Seguint estudis previs, el dispositiu ha estat orientat a una modificació del seient de cabina, derivant en una pantalla retràctil que pugui compartir la cabina de l'avió amb facilitat. D'aquesta manera el gruix del treball presenta el desenvolupament i la justificació del producte presentat, juntament amb tots els elements comuns a aquest tipus de desenvolupaments, com ara la pressupostació o l'elaboració de plànols. D'aquesta manera, el treball conclou amb la reflexió al voltant del producte presentat i la conceptualització realista d'aquest.
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- 2022
24. The Effect of Expertise during Simulated Flight Emergencies on the Autonomic Response and Operative Performance in Military Pilots
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Sara Santos, Jose A. Parraca, Orlando Fernandes, Santos Villafaina, Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez, and Filipe Melo
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Efectos fisiológicos ,Pilotos ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Ejercicio de simulación ,Signos y síntomas ,Fuerzas armadas ,Avión - Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) and performance response during emergency flight maneuvers were analyzed. Two expert pilots (ages 35 and 33) and two rookie pilots (ages 25) from the Portuguese Air Force participated in this case–control report study. Participants had to complete the following emergency protocols in a flight simulator: (1) take-off engine failure, (2) flight engine failure close to the base, (3) flight engine failure far away from the base, and (4) alternator failure. The HRV was collected during all these maneuvers, as well as the performance data (the time it took to go through the emergency protocol and the subjective information from the flight simulator operator). Results regarding autonomic modulation showed a higher sympathetic response during the emergency maneuvers when compared to baseline. In some cases, there was also a higher sympathetic response during the emergency maneuvers when compared with the take-off protocol. Regarding performance data, the expert pilots accomplished the missions in less time than the rookie pilots. Autonomic modulation measured from HRV through portable devices can easily relay important information. This information is relevant since characterizing these maneuvers can provide helpful information to design training strategies to improve those psychophysiological responses. Sin financiación 4.614 JCR (2021) Q1, 45/182 Public, Environmental & Occupational Health 0.814 SJR (2021) Q1, 34/136 Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis No data IDR 2021 UEM
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- 2022
25. Mesures de champ électrique à l'intérieur de nuages d'orage durant la campagne aéroportée EXAEDRE et durant le foudroiement de l'avion
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Buguet, Magalie, Lalande, Philippe, Laroche, Pierre, Blanchet, Patrice, Bouchard, Aurélie, Chazottes, Arnaud, DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], Service de Thermo-hydraulique et de Mécanique des Fluides (STMF), Département de Modélisation des Systèmes et Structures (DM2S), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and ANR-16-CE04-0005,EXAEDRE,Exploitation de nouvelles observations en électricité atmosphérique pour la recherche et l'environnement(2016)
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[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Thunderstorm ,Aircraft ,Avion ,Meteorology. Climatology ,Electric field ,Champ électrique ,Orages ,QC851-999 ,Lightning strike ,Foudroiement ,AMPERA - Abstract
International audience; The AMPERA (Atmospheric Measurement of Potential and ElectRic field on Aircraft) electric field network was integrated on the Falcon 20 (F20) of SAFIRE (the French facility for airborne research) in the framework of EXAEDRE (EXploiting new Atmospheric Electricity Data for Research and the Environment) project. From September 2018, an in-flight campaign was performed over Corsica (France) to investigate the electrical activity in thunderstorms. During this campaign, eight scientific flights were done inside or in the vicinity of a thunderstorm. The purpose of this paper is to present the AMPERA system and the atmospheric electrostatic field recorded during the flights, and particularly during the pass inside electrified clouds, in which the aircraft was struck by lightning. The highest value of atmospheric electrostatic field recorded during these flights was around 79 kV·m−1 at 8400 m of altitude. A normalization of these fields is done by computing the reduced atmospheric electrostatic field to take into account the altitude effect (ratio between the atmospheric electrostatic field and the air density). Most of the significant values of reduced atmospheric electrostatic field magnitude retrieved during this campaign occur between around 5.5 and 9.5 km and are included between 50 and 100 kV·m−1. The highest value measured of the reduced atmospheric electrostatic field is 194 kV·m−1 during the lightning strike of the F20. The merging of these results with data from former campaigns suggests that there is a threshold (depending of the aircraft size) for the striking of an aircraft.; Le réseau de moulins à champ AMPERA (Atmospheric Measurement of Potential and ElectRic field on Aircraft) a été intégré sur le FALCON-20 (F20) de SAFIRE (Service des Avions Français Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement) dans le cadre du projet EXAEDRE (EXploiting new Atmospheric Electricity Data for Research and the Environment). A partir de septembre 2018, une campagne aéroporté a été menée Corse (France) pour analyser l'activité électrique des orages. Durant cette campagne, 8 vols scientifiques ont été réalisées à l'intérieur ou à proximité des orages. Le but de ce papier est de présenter le système AMPERA et le champ électrique atmosphérique mesuré pendant ces vols, en particulier durant les passages dans les nuages électrisés dans lesquels l'avion a été foudroyé. La plus haute valeur de champ électrostatique atmosphérique enregistrée au cours de ces vols est d'environ 79 kV/m à 8400 m d'altitude. Une normalisation de ces champs est réalisée en calculant le champ électrique atmosphérique réduit pour prendre en compte l'effet de l'altitude (rapport entre le champ électrique atmosphérique et la densité de l'air). La plupart des valeurs significatives de champ électrique atmosphérique réduit restituées durant la campagne ont été enregistrées entre 5 et 9.5 km d'altitude et sont comprises en 50 kV/m et 100 kV/m. La plus forte valeur de champ électrique atmosphérique réduit restituée est de 194 kV/m durant le foudroiement du F20. La fusion de ces résultats avec les données provenant d'anciennes campagnes suggère qu'il existe un seuil (dépendant de la taille de l'avion) pour le foudroiement d'un avion.
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- 2021
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26. L'exposition au bruit des avions augmente-t-elle la mortalité par maladie cardiovasculaire dans les communes riveraines des aéroports en France?
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EVRARD, ANNE-SOPHIE, BOUAOUN, LIACINE, CHAMPELOVIER, PATRICIA, LAMBERT, JACQUES, and LAUMON, BERNARD
- Abstract
Copyright of Environnement, Risques & Santé is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
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27. CATASTROPHES CAUSED BY CORROSION.
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Petrović, Zoran C.
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- *
CORROSION & anti-corrosives , *DISASTERS - Abstract
For many years, huge attention has been paid to the problem of corrosion damage and destruction of metallic materials. Experience shows that failures due to corrosion problems are very important, and statistics at the world level shows that the damage resulting from the effects of various forms of corrosion is substantial and that, for example, in industrialized countries it reaches 4-5% of national incomes. Significant funds are determined annually for the prevention and control of corrosion. In the case of ignoring the problem of corrosion, in some cases the penalty is financial, whereas in other cases it is the loss of human lives. This review presents several cases of failures in engineering structures and installations of catastrophic proportions, where corrosion was responsible for the occurrence of failures and the loss of hundreds of lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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28. Diseño y Construcción de Aeronave Demostrador No Tripulada para Estudio de Alas Experimentales
- Author
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Flors Bel, Carlos Jesús
- Subjects
Diseño ,Design ,Fixed wing ,Control ,MAQUINAS Y MOTORES TERMICOS ,Experimental platform ,Grado en Ingeniería Aeroespacial-Grau en Enginyeria Aeroespacial ,INGENIERIA AEROESPACIAL ,Ala fija ,Plataforma experimental ,Airplane ,Avión - Abstract
[ES] El presente trabajo consiste en el diseño, cálculo preliminar y construcción de una aeronave demostrador no tripulada como plataforma para el futuro estudio de diversas alas rectangulares con diversas geometrías. La aeronave consiste en un monoplano de configuración de ala fija con motor 'pusher' para no inducir flujo de aire perturbado sobre la superficie alar. El encastre alar es desmontable para poder intercambiar las alas que se vayan a estudiar en el futuro. Las superficies de control están completamente integradas en la cola, de forma que no fuera necesario insertar controles de movimiento de alabeo (alerones) en las alas con las que se vayan a experimentar. La aeronave también contiene sistemas de abordo para su control en vuelo y para medir y almacenar datos de telemetría. Durante la fase de diseño y cálculo de la aeronave se han realizado los estudios y procedimientos más importantes para asegurar prestaciones aceptables. Se define como prestaciones aceptables que la aeronave pueda elevarse y cumplir su misión así como garantizar la estabilidad de vuelo. Para ello, se han usado conocimientos y técnicas empíricas de las asignaturas de mecánica de vuelo, ampliación de mecánica de vuelo y cálculo de aviones. Durante la fase de construcción, se realizará una construcción artesanal a modo prototipo de la aeronave. También se ha preparado sistema eléctrico, incluyendo la programación del sistema electrónico de adquisición de datos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo final del trabajo es presentar un prototipo al departamento de Motores Térmicos de la Universitat Politécnica de València junto con las prestaciones teóricas de la aeronave, para que en un futuro se pueda usar como plataforma para los pruebas experimentales de perfiles alares y configuraciones alares. Además, se deja la puerta abierta a la posibilidad de poder ejecutar futuros trabajos en este mismo prototipo para su preparación al vuelo y para poder expandir y mejorar los sistemas de cara al futuro., [EN] This project consists of the design, preliminary calculation and construction of an unmanned prototype aircraft as a platform for the experimental study of various rectangular wings with diverse geometries. The aircraft consists of a monoplane with a fixed wing configuration with a 'pusher' engine so as not to induce disturbed air flow over the wing surface. The wing attachment allows to exchange the wings that will be studied in the future. The control surfaces are fully integrated into the tail, so that roll motion controls (ailerons) do not need to be inserted into the wings to be experimented on. The aircraft also contains on-board systems for flight control and for measuring and storing telemetry data. During the design and calculation phase of the aircraft, the most important studies and procedures have been carried out to ensure acceptable performance. Acceptable performance is defined as the fact that the aircraft can lift and fulfill its mission as well as guarantee flight stability. To do this, empirical knowledge and techniques from the subjects of flight mechanics, expanded flight mechanics and aircraft design have been used. During the construction phase, a hand-made construction will be carried out to assemble the aircraft. An electrical system has also been prepared, including the programming of the electronic data acquisition system. Therefore, the final objective of the work is to present a prototype to theCMT department of the Polytechnic University of Valencia together with the theoretical performance of the aircraft, so that in the future it can be used as a platform for the experimental tests of wing profiles and wing configurations. In addition, the door is left open to the possibility of being able to carry out future work on this same prototype for its preparation for the flight and to be able to expand and improve the systems in the future.
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- 2021
29. Iskustva iz provere zahteva za pouzdanost elektronskih uređaja u uslovima eksploatacije vazduhoplova / Experiences from reliability testing of aircraft electronic equipment
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Slavko Pokorni
- Subjects
pouzdanost ,ispitivanje pouzdanosti ,eksponencijalna raspodela ,elektronski uredaj ,avion ,reliability ,reliability test ,exponential distribution ,electronic equipment ,aircraft ,Military Science ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
U radu se analiziraju bitni elementi izrade i realizacije programa za laboratorijsku proveru zahteva za srednje vreme između otkaza zajedan elektronski uređaj za borbene avione. Rezimirana su iskustva iz realizacije takvog programa i ukazano na povezanost proračunskog podatka o srednjem vremenu između otkaza i izbora odgovarajućeg test-plana, odnosno da je veoma važno da se obavi proračun srednjeg vremena između otkaza pre obavljanja provere postavljenog zahteva u laboratorijskim uslovima. / Some important details of creation and realization of a test program for the mean time between failures for fighter aircraft electronic equipment are discussed. Experiences from such a reliability testing program, concerning the calculated and required mean time between failures and choosing a proper test plan, are summarized. The conclusion stresses the importance of the calculation of the mean time between failures before testing.
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- 2003
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30. The impact of aircraft noise exposure on objective parameters of sleep quality: results of the DEBATS study in France
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Damien Leger, Marie Lefevre, Philippe Nguyen, Fanny Mietlicki, Carlos Ribeiro, Matthieu Sineau, Bernard Laumon, Anne-Sophie Evrard, Ali Mohamed Nassur, Maxime Elbaz, Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement (UMRESTTE UMR T9405), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance et EA 7330 VIFASOM, Université Paris Descartes, APHP, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, Bruitparif, Noise Observatory in Ile de France, Département Transport, Santé, Sécurité (IFSTTAR/TS2), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université de Lyon, and DEBATS, J09-57
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AVION ,Adult ,Male ,EPIDEMIOLOGIE ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aircraft ,Airports ,Aircraft noise ,Population ,SLEEP QUALITY ,Audiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,Humans ,AIRCRAFT NOISE EXPOSURE ,education ,2. Zero hunger ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Actigraphy ,Environmental Exposure ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Noise ,Sleep deprivation ,030228 respiratory system ,Noise, Transportation ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,Female ,France ,Sleep (system call) ,Sleep onset latency ,Sleep onset ,medicine.symptom ,Sleep ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background: Noise in the vicinity of airports is a crucial public health issue. Exposure to aircraft noise has been shown to have adverse effects on health and particularly on sleep. Many studies support the hypothesis that noise at night can affect subjective sleep quality. Fewer studies, however, have performed objective measurements of sleep. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between aircraft noise exposure and objective parameters assessed by actigraphy of sleep quality in the population living near two French airports. Methods: This study includes 112 participants living in the vicinity of Paris-Charles de Gaulle and Toulouse-Blagnac airports. Wrist actigraphy measurements were performed during eight nights to evaluate objective parameters of sleep quality such as sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), time in bed (TB) and sleep efficiency (SE). Acoustic measurements were made simultaneously both inside the participants' bedrooms and outside (at the exterior frontage) in order to estimate aircraft noise levels. Energy indicators related to the sound energetic average for a given period of time, as well as indicators related to noise events (such as the number of events that exceed a given threshold for example) were estimated. Logistic and linear regression models were used, taking into account potential confounders: age; gender; marital status; education; and body mass index (BMI). Results: Energy indicators, and more particularly indicators related to noise events, were significantly associated with objective parameters of sleep quality. Increased levels of aircraft noise and increased numbers of aircraft noise events increased the time required for sleep onset (SOL) and the total wake time after sleep onset (WASO), and decreased sleep efficiency (SE). An association was also observed between aircraft noise exposure and an increase in total sleep time (TST) and time in bed (TB). Conclusion: The findings of the present study contribute to the overall evidence suggesting that nocturnal aircraft noise exposure may decrease objective quality of sleep. Aircraft noise exposure affects objective parameters of sleep quality, not only in terms of noise levels but also in terms of number of events. Mechanisms for adapting to sleep deprivation could be observed.
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- 2019
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31. Savremeni avionski radari zapadnih zemalja / Modern Western radar aircraft
- Author
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Slavko Pokorni
- Subjects
modern ,radar ,aircraft ,savremeni ,avion ,Military Science ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Savremeni avionski radari zapadnih zemalja / Modern Western radar aircraft
- Published
- 2002
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32. Diseño y Construcción de Aeronave Demostrador No Tripulada para Estudio de Alas Experimentales
- Author
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Tiseira Izaguirre, Andrés Omar, Guardiola García, Carlos, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Máquinas y Motores Térmicos - Departament de Màquines i Motors Tèrmics, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria del Disseny, Flors Bel, Carlos Jesús, Tiseira Izaguirre, Andrés Omar, Guardiola García, Carlos, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Máquinas y Motores Térmicos - Departament de Màquines i Motors Tèrmics, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria del Disseny, and Flors Bel, Carlos Jesús
- Abstract
[ES] El presente trabajo consiste en el diseño, cálculo preliminar y construcción de una aeronave demostrador no tripulada como plataforma para el futuro estudio de diversas alas rectangulares con diversas geometrías. La aeronave consiste en un monoplano de configuración de ala fija con motor 'pusher' para no inducir flujo de aire perturbado sobre la superficie alar. El encastre alar es desmontable para poder intercambiar las alas que se vayan a estudiar en el futuro. Las superficies de control están completamente integradas en la cola, de forma que no fuera necesario insertar controles de movimiento de alabeo (alerones) en las alas con las que se vayan a experimentar. La aeronave también contiene sistemas de abordo para su control en vuelo y para medir y almacenar datos de telemetría. Durante la fase de diseño y cálculo de la aeronave se han realizado los estudios y procedimientos más importantes para asegurar prestaciones aceptables. Se define como prestaciones aceptables que la aeronave pueda elevarse y cumplir su misión así como garantizar la estabilidad de vuelo. Para ello, se han usado conocimientos y técnicas empíricas de las asignaturas de mecánica de vuelo, ampliación de mecánica de vuelo y cálculo de aviones. Durante la fase de construcción, se realizará una construcción artesanal a modo prototipo de la aeronave. También se ha preparado sistema eléctrico, incluyendo la programación del sistema electrónico de adquisición de datos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo final del trabajo es presentar un prototipo al departamento de Motores Térmicos de la Universitat Politécnica de València junto con las prestaciones teóricas de la aeronave, para que en un futuro se pueda usar como plataforma para los pruebas experimentales de perfiles alares y configuraciones alares. Además, se deja la puerta abierta a la posibilidad de poder ejecutar futuros trabajos en este mismo prototipo para su preparación al vuelo y para poder expandir y mejorar los sistemas de cara al futuro., [EN] This project consists of the design, preliminary calculation and construction of an unmanned prototype aircraft as a platform for the experimental study of various rectangular wings with diverse geometries. The aircraft consists of a monoplane with a fixed wing configuration with a 'pusher' engine so as not to induce disturbed air flow over the wing surface. The wing attachment allows to exchange the wings that will be studied in the future. The control surfaces are fully integrated into the tail, so that roll motion controls (ailerons) do not need to be inserted into the wings to be experimented on. The aircraft also contains on-board systems for flight control and for measuring and storing telemetry data. During the design and calculation phase of the aircraft, the most important studies and procedures have been carried out to ensure acceptable performance. Acceptable performance is defined as the fact that the aircraft can lift and fulfill its mission as well as guarantee flight stability. To do this, empirical knowledge and techniques from the subjects of flight mechanics, expanded flight mechanics and aircraft design have been used. During the construction phase, a hand-made construction will be carried out to assemble the aircraft. An electrical system has also been prepared, including the programming of the electronic data acquisition system. Therefore, the final objective of the work is to present a prototype to theCMT department of the Polytechnic University of Valencia together with the theoretical performance of the aircraft, so that in the future it can be used as a platform for the experimental tests of wing profiles and wing configurations. In addition, the door is left open to the possibility of being able to carry out future work on this same prototype for its preparation for the flight and to be able to expand and improve the systems in the future.
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- 2021
33. Diseño y Fabricación de un UAV solar de ala fija para misiónautónoma. Hacia la fabricación impresa en la industria aeronáutica.(SolarÍO)
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Quintanilla García, Israel, Gallego Salguero, Áurea Cecilia, Yuste Pérez, Pedro, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica Geodesia y Fotogrametría - Departament d'Enginyeria Cartogràfica, Geodèsia i Fotogrametria, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria del Disseny, García Gascón, César, Quintanilla García, Israel, Gallego Salguero, Áurea Cecilia, Yuste Pérez, Pedro, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica Geodesia y Fotogrametría - Departament d'Enginyeria Cartogràfica, Geodèsia i Fotogrametria, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria del Disseny, and García Gascón, César
- Abstract
[ES] El proyecto tiene como objetivo el diseño y fabricación de una aeronave de ala fija fabricada mediante técnicas aditivas junto a la implementación de tecnología basada en placas solares que permitan aumentar la autonomía y rango de la misión autónoma del UAV. Se busca mejorar las capacidades de la industria aeronáutica hacia aviones sostenibles y que en un futuro adquieran mejores propiedades mecánicas gracias al uso de las tecnologías aditivas integradas con nuevos materiales de impresión y un menor impacto medioambiental gracias al uso de energías renovables. En este trabajo de fin de grado se presentan, del mismo modo, nuevos métodos de fabricación aditiva que permiten generar piezas mucho más resistentes y livianas mediante el uso de giroides como relleno del material impreso. Gracias a esto, el hecho de utilizar impresoras 3D como medio de fabricación de pequeñas aeronaves se convierte en una realidad. Además, para llevar a cabo la fabricación del prototipo, se hace uso de nuevas impresoras 3D que cuentan con una bancada movible parecida a una cinta que permite fabricar piezas sin limitación en el eje Z, de este modo se consiguen partes estructuralmente mucho mejores y se ahorra la necesidad de tener que hacer múltiples impresiones de pequeñas partes de la aeronave que deberán ser pegadas posteriormente. Por ´ultimo, este proyecto tiene como objetivo la programación de una misión autónoma dentro del marco legal español que permita demostrar de un modo práctico y no solo teórico que el vuelo perpetuo de la aeronave solar manufacturada con fabricación aditiva es posible, [EN] The project aims to design and manufacture a fixed-wing aircraft manufactured using additive techniques together with the implementation of technology based on solar panels that allow increasing the autonomy and range of the UAV’s autonomous mission. It seeks to improve the capabilities of the aeronautical industry towards sustainable aircraft and that in the future acquire better mechanical properties thanks to the use of additive technologies integrated with new printing materials and a lower environmental impact thanks to the use of renewable energies. In this final grade project, new additive manufacturing methods are presented in the same way that allow the generation of much stronger and lighter parts by using gyroids as fillers for the printed material. Thanks to this, the fact of using 3D printers as a means of manufacturing small aircraft becomes a reality. In addition, to carry out the manufacture of the prototype, use is made of new 3D printers that have a movable bench similar to a belt that allows to manufacture parts without limitation in the Z axis, in this way structurally much better parts are obtained and It saves the need to make multiple prints of small parts of the aircraft that will have to be glued later. Finally, this project aims to program an autonomous mission within the Spanish legal framework that allows to demonstrate in a practical and not just theoretical way that the perpetual flight of the solar aircraft manufactured with additive manufacturing is possible, [CA] El projecte té com a objectiu el disseny i fabricació d’una aeronau d’ala fixa fabricada mitjan¸cant tècniques additives al costat de la implementació de tecnologia basada en plaques solars que permeten augmentar l’autonomia i rang de la missió autònoma de l’UAV. Es busca millorar les capacitats de la indústria aeronàutica cap a avions sostenibles i que en un futur adquiresquen millors propietats mecàniques gràcies a l’ús de les tecnologies additives integrades amb nous materials d’impressió i un menor impacte mediambiental gràcies a l’ús d’energies renovables. En aquest treball de fi de grau es presenta de la mateixa manera nous mètodes de fabricació additiva que permeten generar peces molt més resistents i lleugeres mitjançant l’ús de giroides com a farcit del material imprés. Gràcies a això, el fet d’utilitzar impressores 3D com a mitjà de fabricació de petites aeronaus es converteix en una realitat. A més, per dur a terme la fabricació del prototip, es fa ús de noves impressores 3D que compten amb una bancada movible semblant a una cinta que permet fabricar peces sense limitació en l’eix Z, d’aquesta manera s’aconsegueixen parts estructuralment molt millors i s’estalvia la necessitat d’haver de fer m´ultiples impressions de petites parts de l’aeronau que hauran de ser enganxades posteriorment. Finalment, aquest projecte té com a objectiu la programació d’una missió autònoma dins el marc legal espanyol que permeta demostrar d’una manera pràctica i no només teòrica que el vol perpetu de l’aeronau solar manufacturada amb fabricació additiva és possible
- Published
- 2021
34. New seats commercial airplane design for a pandemic scene
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González del Rio Cogorno, Jimena, Tiseira Izaguirre, Andrés Omar, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica - Departament d'Enginyeria Gràfica, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria del Disseny, Bernal Ríos, Rosa, González del Rio Cogorno, Jimena, Tiseira Izaguirre, Andrés Omar, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica - Departament d'Enginyeria Gràfica, Universitat Politècnica de València. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería del Diseño - Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria del Disseny, and Bernal Ríos, Rosa
- Abstract
[ES] Este proyecto tiene como objetivo poner en práctica los conocimientos adquiridos durante la carrera de Ingeniería Aeroespacial mediante el diseño de medidas innovadoras para la reducción de la transmisión de COVID-19 en aviones. La actual situación de pandemia ha disminuido drásticamente el número de vuelos comerciales, lo que se traduce en graves pérdidas para las aerolíneas y la industria aeronáutica en general. La causa de esta situación, además de la reducción de las políticas de movilidad implementadas por los gobiernos a nivel mundial, es, como se explica a lo largo del documento, la sensación de autoexposición a infecciones dentro de las cabinas de los aviones. Para ello, se implementarán varios cambios en el diseño de la configuración interior y los asientos de los aviones. Las modificaciones propuestas, aunque se centran en aumentar la sensación de seguridad de los pasajeros a bordo, también consideran otros factores determinantes en el diseño de los asientos de transporte, como la comodidad y el atractivo. Debido al limitado espacio disponible dentro de las cabinas de los aviones comerciales, no es posible aplicar la distancia social entre pasajeros como se aplica en otros medios de transporte. Por ello, las soluciones propuestas apuntan a reducir el riesgo de transmisión de coronavirus y futuras pandemias en las clases de aviones más ocupadas: Economy y Premium economy. Finalmente, las diferentes configuraciones de diseño consideran tanto las necesidades de los pasajeros como aspectos comerciales como la sostenibilidad, la rentabilidad y la certificación. --------- Aquest projecte té com a objectiu posar en pràctica els coneixements adquirits durant la carrera d'Enginyeria Aeroespacial mitjançant el disseny de mesures innovadores per a la reducció de la transmissió de COVID-19 en avions. L'actual situació de pandèmia ha disminuït dràsticament el nombre de vols comercials, la qual cosa es tradueix en greus pèrdues per a les aerolínies i la indústria a, [EN] This project aims at putting into practice the knowledge acquired during the degree in Aerospace Engineering by the design of innovative measures for the reduction of transmission of COVID-19 in airplanes. The current pandemic situation has decreased drastically the number of commercial flights, which is translated into severe losses for airlines and the aeronautical industry in general. The cause of this situation, besides the reduction of mobility policies implemented by governments worldwide, is, as it is explained along the document, the feeling of self-exposure of infection inside airplane cabins. For this purpose, several changes in the design of airplanes¿ interior configuration and seats are to be implemented. The proposed modifications, although focused on increasing passengers¿ sense of security on board, also consider other determinant factors in the design of transport seats such as comfort and appeal. Due to the limited space available inside commercial airplanes cabins, it is not possible to apply social distance between passengers as it is applied in other means of transport. For this reason, the proposed solutions aim at reducing the risk of transmission of coronavirus and future pandemics in the most occupied classes of airplanes: Economy and Premium economy. Finally, the different design configurations consider both passengers¿ needs and commercial aspects such as sustainability, profitability and certification., [CA] Aquest projecte té com a objectiu posar en pràctica els coneixements adquirits durant la carrera d'Enginyeria Aeroespacial mitjançant el disseny de mesures innovadores per a la reducció de la transmissió de COVID-19 en avions. L'actual situació de pandèmia ha disminuït dràsticament el nombre de vols comercials, la qual cosa es tradueix en greus pèrdues per a les aerolínies i la indústria aeronàutica en general. La causa d'aquesta situació, a més de la reducció de les polítiques de mobilitat implementades pels governs a nivell mundial, és, com s'explica al llarg del document, la sensació d'autoexposició a infeccions dins de les cabines dels avions. Per a això, s'implementaran diversos canvis en el disseny de la configuració interior i els seients dels avions. Les modificacions proposades, encara que se centren en augmentar la sensació de seguretat dels passatgers a bord, també consideren altres factors determinants en el disseny dels seients de transport, com la comoditat i l'atractiu. A causa del limitat espai disponible dins de les cabines dels avions comercials, no és possible aplicar la distància social entre passatgers com s'aplica en altres mitjans de transport. Per això, les solucions proposades apunten a reduir el risc de transmissió de coronavirus i futures pandèmies en la classe d'avions més ocupada: economy. Finalment, les diferents configuracions de disseny consideren tant les necessitats dels passatgers com aspectes comercials com la sostenibilitat, la rendibilitat i la certificació.
- Published
- 2021
35. Retards dans le projet de nouveaux aéronefs par les constructeurs aéronautiques, causes et conséquences
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Silva, Robinson Mariano da and Silva, Robinson Mariano da
- Published
- 2021
36. Démonstration expérimentale d’un avion autopiloté électrique contraint par un câble attaché au sol
- Author
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Rancourt, David, Chapdelaine, Bruno, Rancourt, David, and Chapdelaine, Bruno
- Abstract
Les aéronefs à décollage et atterrissage vertical (VTOL) sont essentiels pour les services d'urgence, le transport de marchandise et la mobilité aérienne. Les récentes avancées en systèmes autonomes et en motorisation électrique ont ravivé le développement de ce type de véhicule. Les compagnies novatrices se concentrent principalement sur le développement de concepts de type multi-rotor qui souffrent d'une faible efficacité en vol stationnaire et en vol vers l'avant. Le nouveau concept d'un aéronef VTOL avec un rotor composé d'avions autonomes attachés par câble permettrait de lever des charges de façon plus efficace que les aéronefs VTOL actuels. Dans ce mémoire, un modèle de simulation dynamique et un banc d'essai expérimental d'un avion attaché par câble sont présentés. Le modèle dynamique permet de développer le système de contrôle de l'aéronef expérimental et de prédire les performances du système. Les essais expérimentaux démontrent que le système de contrôle est capable de stabiliser le véhicule à l'état désiré pour l'acquisition de données. Le véhicule est capable de lever une charge équivalente à 4 fois son poids à vide et d'atteindre un ratio de levage de 14 g/W en régime permanent. Le modèle dynamique prédit correctement la dynamique et les performances du système.
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- 2021
37. Special issue “Anti-icing coatings and surfaces”
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Sarkar, Dilip K., Noormohammed, Saleema, Sarkar, Dilip K., and Noormohammed, Saleema
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- 2021
38. Estabilización en ciclos de turbulencia
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Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d’Enginyeria Gràfica i de Disseny, Castan Ponz, José Antonio, Rotger Roca, Andrea, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d’Enginyeria Gràfica i de Disseny, Castan Ponz, José Antonio, and Rotger Roca, Andrea
- Abstract
Turbulence is one of the big reasons why passengers are afraid of flying. Taking into account that in a near future they will increase due to climate change and the large traffic of airplanes, it has been wanted to modify the structure of the airplane seats, so that, although the airplane suffers turbulence, the passenger does not perturb. Thus, the main objective of this project is to increase the comfort of passengers during the flight. The seat has been modeled as from the Stewart Platform, a type of parallel robotic manipulator made up of two platforms: one fixed and one mobile joined by six actuators. In order to stabilize the turbulent movement, an accelerometer will be included to update, through a Matlab code, the length of the actuators based on the vibrations received. First of all, turbulences will be defined and the types of aids available today to avoid them will be named, as well as the types of clouds responsible for such movements. Secondly, the types of robotic manipulators will be defined, with emphasis on the Stewart Platform, as it will constitute the seat structure. Then, the platform will be dimensioned and the type of damping to be used will be studied, as well as the connection with the aircraft's hydraulic system. The results of an accelerometer used in a BCN-MAH flight will also be analyzed to define the turbulence ranges. From here, the kinematics of the actuators will be studied to determine their length. Finally, the materials that are going to make up the platform will be selected and their resistance will be studied, in addition to naming the airworthiness requirements that the seat has to satisfy.
- Published
- 2021
39. Soutien médico-psychologique des militaires engagés dans les suites immédiates d’une catastrophe aérienne : le crash du vol AH5017 au Mali.
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Gheorghiev, Charles, Bourla, Alexis, Catrin, Edwige, Gault, Caroline, Leduc, Caroline, and Rondier, Jean-Philippe
- Abstract
Résumé Le 24 juillet 2014 s’écrasait l’avion du vol AH5017 de la compagnie Air Algérie dans le Sud du Mali, avec à son bord 116 passagers dont 54 Français. L’événement a pris une dimension nationale en raison de l’ampleur de la catastrophe, en exigeant une réponse rapide des autorités françaises, à laquelle s’est associée une mobilisation internationale. Il a présidé à l’engagement des forces françaises, prépositionnées au Mali, pour répondre au plus tôt à la gestion de cette catastrophe. Les personnels du Service de santé des armées, lesquels assurent le soutien médical des forces en opérations, ont été mis à contribution, en particulier dans leur mission de soutien médico-psychologique, avec le renfort des équipes médicales sur le terrain par un psychiatre des hôpitaux des armées. L’intervention médico-psychologique réalisée à l’occasion de cet événement est ici détaillée. Introduction On the 24th July of 2014, the plane of the Air Algeria airline flight AH 5017 crashed in southern Mali with 116 passengers on board, including 54 French. The event required a prompt response of the French authorities, associated with an international mobilization. It presided at the commitment of the French military forces, which were prepositioned in Mali, in order to manage as soon as possible this disaster. Personal of French military health service, which provide medical support to forces in operations, were involved, with the reinforcement of the medical teams on the spot through a psychiatrist of military hospitals. Method This work is based on the methodology of an experience feedback, by emphasizing the most salient points of the medico-psychological intervention realized on the occasion of this event. Results The mission assigned to the French military forces was scalable: research for potential survivors, by providing them with the necessary help and care; identification of victims, by collecting the maximum of clues that could facilitate their recognition (identity papers, personal effects…); first judiciary and forensic findings; securing the crash zone to prevent outside intrusion on the scene. It ended with an unusual task involving the collection of human remains on the crash zone. Various experts were also essential for carrying out several surveys: an aeronautic investigation about flight safety, a criminal investigation to find the causes of an event which involved human deaths, and a forensic investigation working to identify the victims. The medico-psychological support included several prospects. The presence of a psychiatrist on the crash zone firstly allowed a psychological support for the staff early involved, and exposed to a startling scene; it anarchically combined debris of a pulverized aircraft cabin, personal passengers effects mixed with carbonized human remains in a disgusting unbreathable atmosphere. In a second time, it offered a presence for many units and personal engaged in an unexpected and testing mission. Facing an unusual situation, the main authorities involved on the area were accompanied by offering mental health advice in response to the everyday life events of a makeshift camp in the middle of the African desert. The psychiatrist's action consisted in a work of mediation within the group by helping the flow of speech. The psychiatrist is also the privileged contact of the subject, by offering both a differentiated space, separated from the rest of the military environment, and a singular listening, allowing the welcome of a possible mental pain. The mission of collecting human remains required a special attention because of its psycho-traumatic risk. A volunteering principle was applied, as well as the identification of fragile or vulnerable subjects among volunteers, which concerned a total of a hundred soldiers. All the personal involved in this task were identified by the commandment, and then secondarily received in collective debriefing. Conclusion The presence of a specialist of psychological care within a disaster shows an availability, which can lead to the possibility of a welcome, with a potentiality which already appears as a form of response and acknowledgment of a possible psychological suffering. Thus, the challenge consists in providing an assistance, which is less a gauche interventionism or an artificial forcing of an inaccurate request for care, than a careful and concerned presence for the psychological health of everyone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. MANEVRA STRATEGICĂ AERIANĂ ÎN RĂZBOIUL HIBRID (Perspectivă contra-simetrică).
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VĂDUVA, Gheorghe
- Abstract
Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
41. Le désenchantement de l’air
- Author
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Georges, Jean-François
- Subjects
mesure de sécurité ,GTG ,avion ,critique écologique ,crash ,rêve ,aéronautique ,SOC000000 ,transport aérien ,Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary ,nouveau modèle - Abstract
L’histoire de l’aviation et de la conquête spatiale est très brève. À peine soixante ans entre l’exploit de Blériot et le premier vol de Concorde et le premier pas de l’homme sur la Lune ! La France tient une place exceptionnelle dans cette histoire fulgurante et l’aéronautique y est encore un pôle d’excellence. Mais il semble bien que l’opinion publique et les médias français s’en désintéressent ou ne retiennent que les aspects négatifs (difficultés industrielles, accidents…). La question est de comprendre pourquoi et en particulier de discerner quelle est la part de responsabilité du monde aéronautique lui-même. Aerospace story is very short. Just 60 years between Chanel crossing by Blériot and Concord maiden flight or Armstrong walking on the moon ! France place in this story is outstanding and aeronautics are still among main skills of this country. But for some reasons public opinion and medias do not feel really concerned or are only interested in bad news (industrial troubles, accidents...). The question is why and what is the responsability of the "aviators" themselves in this situation.
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- 2021
42. Introduction
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Deygout, Françoise
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mesure de sécurité ,GTG ,avion ,critique écologique ,crash ,rêve ,aéronautique ,SOC000000 ,transport aérien ,Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary ,nouveau modèle - Abstract
Je travaille à la direction des Opérations qui fait partie de la DGAC et plus particulièrement de la direction des Services de la navigation aérienne : pour mémoire, la direction des Opérations regroupe l’ensemble des services du contrôle aérien français, et en particulier l’ensemble de ses contrôleurs. Il a été beaucoup question, précédemment, d’un triptyque pilote-contrôleur-automate et du rôle de l’ingénieur. L’idée de cette conférence est d’aborder des aspects concernant d’autres particip...
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- 2021
43. Introduction
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Feldzer, Gérard
- Subjects
mesure de sécurité ,GTG ,avion ,critique écologique ,crash ,rêve ,aéronautique ,SOC000000 ,transport aérien ,Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary ,nouveau modèle - Abstract
Gérard Feldzer, dans son allocution introductive à la première table ronde de ce colloque, dresse un tableau, émaillé d’anecdotes, d’un siècle d’aviation traversé de forces contradictoires. L’idéalisme et l’utopie viennent en effet se heurter à la réalité de la puissance guerrière ou économique, l’une et l’autre force concourant à l’innovation. Dans cette perspective, la question écologique apparaît comme un nouveau défi pour la communauté aéronautique. Gerard Feldzer, in his introductory address at the first roundtable of the conference, provides a table, accentuated with anecdotes of a century of aviation crossed by contradictory forces. /dealism and utopianism come up against the reality of war or economic power, both forces working together towards innovation. In this perspective, the environmental issue emerges as a new challenge for the aviation community.
- Published
- 2021
44. La liberté, la règle et le marché
- Author
-
Dubey, Gérard and Gras, Alain
- Subjects
mesure de sécurité ,GTG ,avion ,critique écologique ,crash ,rêve ,aéronautique ,SOC000000 ,transport aérien ,Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary ,nouveau modèle - Abstract
Pour les constructeurs et les transporteurs, la liberté d’entreprendre s’appuie sur une compétition par l’innovation technologique. Les bureaux d’étude aspirent à la liberté d’innover. Mais leur créativité doit s’inscrire dans les perspectives d’évolution à long terme du marché. Elle doit composer avec les contraintes posées par les autres acteurs aéronautiques. L’innovation est mise en œuvre par les pilotes et les contrôleurs aériens ; mais ceux-ci tiennent à conserver leur marge d’initiativ...
- Published
- 2021
45. Introduction
- Author
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Valot, Claude
- Subjects
mesure de sécurité ,GTG ,avion ,critique écologique ,crash ,rêve ,aéronautique ,SOC000000 ,transport aérien ,Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary ,nouveau modèle - Abstract
L’histoire récente de l’aviation, aussi bien civile que militaire, montre que les automatismes ont créé un nouveau champ de confusions pour les opérateurs. Le problème a été compris, en particulier grâce aux sciences humaines, mais parfois avec un certain retard. D’autres problèmes surgissent à nouveau, et alors que les choses se passent comme si pilotes, contrôleurs et ingénieurs avaient progressivement « absorbé » l’automate, la donne globale est sans doute en constante et rapide évolution. En outre, les pilotes, les contrôleurs, les ingénieurs et les automates, sont, ensemble, face à des défis économiques et culturels sans précédent qui donnent de l’avenir aéronautique une image obscure. The recent history of aviation, civil as well as military, shows that automation has created a new field of confusion for the operators. The problem has been understood, especially through social sciences, but sometimes with a delay. Other problems arise anew, and whilst things happen as though pilots, controllers and engineers have progressively absorbed the automat, the global order is, without doubt, changing constantly and rapidly. Moreover, pilots, controllers, engineers, and the automatons, are all facing economic and cultural challenges without precedent, which bestows a dim image of the aeronautical future.
- Published
- 2021
46. L’avion dans un monde incertain : la société civile
- Author
-
Dubey, Gérard and Gras, Alain
- Subjects
mesure de sécurité ,GTG ,avion ,critique écologique ,crash ,rêve ,aéronautique ,SOC000000 ,transport aérien ,Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary ,nouveau modèle - Abstract
Dans une technologie arrivée à maturité et dont la sécurité est un objectif essentiel, l’aléa n’est plus tenu pour le produit résiduel et intempestif d’erreurs involontaires, mais le résultat de fautes et de manquements. La complexité technique du système n’est plus une circonstance atténuante pour ses acteurs. Elle devient peut-être même une circonstance aggravante du fait de la croyance à l’infaillibilité technique du système. C’est apparemment le sentiment de plus en plus répandu dans le t...
- Published
- 2021
47. L’innovation finira-t-elle par désenchanter l’avion ?
- Author
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Fabre, François
- Subjects
mesure de sécurité ,GTG ,avion ,critique écologique ,crash ,rêve ,aéronautique ,SOC000000 ,transport aérien ,Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary ,nouveau modèle - Abstract
La liberté d’innovation revendiquée par les concepteurs a pour objectif principal la satisfaction du client transporteur. Ne va-t-elle pas à l’encontre de la liberté de l’utilisateur, pilote ou contrôleur ?Les nouvelles technologies laissent entrevoir la possibilité d’un système « transport aérien » si parfaitement réglé que la liberté du pilote, sa marge d’initiative, pourrait se réduire comme peau de chagrin.Parallèlement, alors que la réglementation laisse le champ libre à l’innovation en l’accompagnant, elle produit des règles d’utilisation de plus en plus sophistiquées et contraignantes qui s’imposent au pilote, limitant sa liberté de décision.Face à cette course en avant permise par les nouvelles technologies et encouragée par les exigences d’une société qui n’admet pas que les avions n’arrivent pas à l’heure, comment garder au métier de pilote de ligne sa part de liberté, et pourquoi pas, sa part de rêve ? Designers claimed that the main objective of the freedom of innovation was the satisfaction of the customer carrier. Does this not go against the freedom of the user, pilot or controller?The new technologies give an inkling of, the possibility of an "air transportation" System so perfectly organised that the freedom of the pilot, his scope for taking the initiative, could diminish like ever decreasing circles.At the same time, while régulation leaves the field open ta innovation, it produces, concurrently, increasingly sophisticated and restrictive user rules ta be imposed on the pilot, limiting his freedom ofdecisiveness.
- Published
- 2021
48. Introduction
- Author
-
Bück, Jean-Claude
- Subjects
mesure de sécurité ,GTG ,avion ,critique écologique ,crash ,rêve ,aéronautique ,SOC000000 ,transport aérien ,Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary ,nouveau modèle - Abstract
Les progrès techniques et industriels conduisent à la multiplication des automatismes ; ce qui pose la question de la relation entre l’homme et la machine. L’avion n’échappe pas à cette problématique. Technological and industrial advances lead to increases in automatisms; which raises the question of the relationship between man and machines. The aeroplane is not exempt from this problem.
- Published
- 2021
49. L’expérience de l’action judiciaire parmi les victimes d’un drame médical
- Author
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Dodier, Nicolas and Barbot, Janine
- Subjects
mesure de sécurité ,GTG ,avion ,critique écologique ,crash ,rêve ,aéronautique ,SOC000000 ,transport aérien ,Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary ,nouveau modèle - Abstract
De nombreux débats portent aujourd’hui sur la place dédiée aux victimes et à leurs représentants, dans le cadre des procédures administratives et judiciaires qui entourent les accidents impliquant des technologies complexes. Mais peu d’enquêtes ont été de fait menées pour saisir l’expérience concrète de ces procédures parmi les victimes d’accidents.Nous partirons ici de l’exemple d’un drame médical ayant conduit au décès d’une centaine d’enfants à la suite de la contamination d’un traitement (une incertitude importante règne encore sur le nombre total d’enfants contaminés). Des enquêtes administratives ont été diligentées, des procédures judiciaires ont été engagées au civil et au pénal ; et le procès au pénal aura lieu dans quelques mois, un peu plus de vingt ans après la contamination. La communication portera, sur la base d’une enquête sociologique, sur l’expérience de l’action judiciaire chez les parents concernés par ce drame, que leur enfant soit décédé, ou qu’il ait été jugé à risque, à un moment ou à un autre de cette longue histoire. Nous nous attacherons à mettre en évidence, et à comprendre, la variété des itinéraires de ces familles, que ce soit à titre individuel ou à travers les prises de position des différentes associations qui se sont constituées autour de cette affaire. L’accent sera mis sur la place du procès dans ces « itinéraires de réparation », aussi bien chez des parents qui se sont engagés activement dans l’action judiciaire que chez ceux qui auront maintenu une distance, voire une critique, vis-à-vis des poursuites. Many discussions focused on today have been dedicated to the victims and their representatives, in the case of administrative and judiciary proceedings which surround these accidents involving complex technologies. But little of these investigations have been carried out to seize the concrete experiences of these procedures among the victims of these accidents. We have here the example of a medical tragedy leading to the deaths of about a hundred children following a contamination of a treatment (a significant uncertainty still prevails on the total number of contaminated children). Administrative investigations have been conducted, legal proceedings were instituted, civil and criminal, and criminal trial will take place in a few months, just over twenty years after the initial contamination. The Commission will deliberate, on the basis of a sociological survey, on the experience of judicial action of parents affected by this tragedy, be that their child is dead, or has been deemed at risk, at one time or another along this lengthy case. We will endeavour to highlight, and understand, the variety of objectives of these families, whether as individually or through the positions of different associations that have been formed around this affair. Emphasis will be placed in this trial on “reparation process", both among parents who are actively engaged in judicial action as well as those who have maintained a distance, even criticized, in respects to the prosecution
- Published
- 2021
50. Aviation et Peak Oil : chronique d’une fin annoncée
- Author
-
Cochet, Yves
- Subjects
mesure de sécurité ,GTG ,avion ,critique écologique ,crash ,rêve ,aéronautique ,SOC000000 ,transport aérien ,Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary ,nouveau modèle - Abstract
Les experts nous prédisent un trafic aérien en croissance rapide au cours des vingt prochaines années. Or le pic du pétrole est déjà là, et l’impact du pic sur le PIB mondial se répercutera directement et indirectement sur l’industrie de l’aviation. D’une industrie en croissance l’aviation se transformera en une industrie en déclin, voire en chaos selon les répercussions sur elle des autres secteurs d’activité (affaires, tourisme, cargo…). Les voyages d’affaires, le tourisme, les parcs à thème, les cafés, hôtels et restaurants perdront des centaines de milliards de dollars et des millions d’emplois à travers le monde.Il faut envisager la décroissance dans tous les domaines, et donc aussi dans l’aérien, comme une solution à laquelle il faut se préparer. Experts are predicting a rapid growth in air traffic over the next twenty years. And yet now that the price of petrol is already at a peak, the impact of this peak on world GDP will have repercussions, directly and indirectly, on the aviation industry. From a growth industry, aviation will transform into an industry in decline, or even chaos depending on the backlash from other sectors of activity (business, tourism, cargo…). Business travel, tourism, theme parks, cafes, hotels and restaurants will lose hundreds of billions of dollars and millions of jobs around the world.We must contemplate the decline in all areas, including aviation, as a solution which we must prepare for.
- Published
- 2021
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